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Peat resources in Latvia and EUtheir role in national economy
Ingrida Krigere, Chair of Commission Peatlands and Economy International Peatland
Society; Member of the board Latvian Peat association; University of Latvia
2019 International Peat Symposium and 1st China International Peat Expo
Qingdao 18.09.2019
DEVELOPMENTS OF PEATLAND MANAGEMENT
In a global context, peatlands play an important part among all available natural resources, and also are crucial for the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Sustainable development is characterized by three interrelated dimensions – environmental, economic, and social.
IMPORTANCE OF PEATLANDS AND PEAT USE
PEATLAND AREA BY COUNTRY IN EU %
Epagma data
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018Place Country
Peatland
area, km2
Total theritory
of Country, km2
Peatlands from
the theritory %
1. Russia 1 390 000 17 100 000 8
2. Canada 1 100 000 9 985 000 11
3. USA 625 000 9 834 000 6
4. Indonesia 207 000 1 905 000 11
5. Finland 89 000 338 145 26
6. Sweden 66 000 447 435 15
7. Norway 28 000 385 178 7
8. Belarussia 24 000 207 600 12
9. United Kingdom 17 500 243 610 7
10. Germany 14 000 357 376 4
11. Poland 12 000 312 679 4
12. Ukraine 10 000 603 628 2
13. Estonia 9 000 45 339 20
14. Latvia 6 782 64 589 10
15. Lithuania 3 500 65 300 5
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018TOP 3 countries from extraction area in EU 2017, ha
48500
27100
15100
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Finland Ireland Latvia
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018TOP 3 EU countries - peat extraction volume milj m3
total volume of peat extraction in the European Union was ~47 000 million m3
17100
11097
4988
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Ireland Finland Latvia
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXTRACTION VOLUME EU 2017
CountryPeat extraction volume
th m³Horticulture th m³ Energy th m³
Ireland 17 100 4 100 13 000
Sweden 3 100 1 700 1 400
Finland 11 097 1 000 9 500
Estonia 3 784 2 648 1 135
Latvia 4 988 4 900 100
Lithuania 2 500 1 788 712
Germany 4 400 4 400 0
IPS
PEAT USE IN EUROPE 2017
55%37%
8%
Energy Growing media Other
IPS
PEAT USE IN EUROPE 2023 ???
20%
72%
8%
Energy Growing media Other
10%
82%
8%
Energy
Growing media
Other
2030
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT AND HORTICULTURE
Peat is needed for growing media to growvegetables, tree seedlings – forest, ornamentals
Horticulture industry is still depending on peat
No alternative material
OUTCOME OF 1m³ OF PEAT
6 000 treeseedlings3ha forest
1m³peat 6 000 treeseedlings7 000 vegetabe
seedlings16t cucumbers32t thomatos
1m³ peat 7 000
vegetableseedlings
1ha forest in50 years370 t CO₂
PEAT EXTRACTION IN LATVIA (on 01.01.2019)
24 600 ha licenced areas for peat extraction
15 100 ha extraction area
Over a 10-year period, an average of 0.95 million tons of peat is extracted annually
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXTRACTION
Milled
Block
PEAT EXTRACTION - SEASONAL MAY-SEPTEMBER
AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION
NUMBER OF SUNNY DAYS
WIND
TEMPERATURE
LVĢMC, LPA
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PEAT EXTRACTION IN LATVIA 2010 – 2019 TH.T
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXTRACTION SITES 2018
DEVELOPMENTS OF PEATLAND MANAGEMENT
95% horticulture
4% energy (private households, small heating centrals)
1% other
92% export
PEAT USE
30% of professional
peat in Europe
PEAT EXPORT 2008 -2018, TH.T., MLN.EURO, COUNTRIES
87
89 93 95101
98 103
103
104
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
mln
. euro
th.
t
112
Data: CSP
th.t
PEAT EXPORT 2018 TOP10, th.t/mln EUR
Data: CSP Export to 112 countries
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
PEAT IMPORT TOP 5 2018, TH.T
Data: CSP
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
Estonia Belarussia Lithuania Russia SweedenTh.t
PEAT EXPORT 2018 TOP10, th.t/mln EURPEAT EXPORT 2014-2018 TOP5 ASIA, th.t
Data: CSP
th.t
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
China South Korea Japan Kuwait Saudi Arabia
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
+35%
PEAT EXTRACTION IN THE BALTICS 2008 -2018, TH.T
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Estonia Latvia Lithuania
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXPORT FORM BALTICS TO CHINA TH T
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Estonia Lithuania Latvia
GHG emissions- We have to reduce GHG emissions and keep industry alive
-we have to work on national factors – to confirm according to IPCC rules (uniform methodology missing, unsufficient data)
- we have to try postpone accounting GHG emission from wetlands from2026 to 2030
-all parties shoul be responsible for CO₂ emissions compensationquestion (peat extractors and growers)
ACTUAL CHALLENGES
PEAT EXPORT 2018 TOP10, th.t/mln EURPOSTPONE ACCOUNTING GHG EMISSION FROM WETLANDS FROM 2026 TO 2030
Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parlamentand of thecouncil of 30 May 2018On the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals fromland use, land use change and forestry (LULUCEF) in the 2030 climate and energy framework, and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 and Decision No 529/2013/EU
Article2 Point 4If necessary in light of experience gained with the application of theIPCC Refinement to the IPCC Guidelines, the Commission may make a proposal to postpone the mandatory accounting for managed wetlandfor an additional period of five years.
PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT IN THE BIG WORLD
China 1 409 517 397 inhabitants
140 000ha glass-houses
EU
513 000 000 inhabitants
70 000ha glass-houses
?
Actions
Horticulture should be involved in the game,
we have to work hand in hand
China can play a significant role in the futureof peat industry
ACTIONS
