PEARSON Literature COMMON COREassets.pearsonschool.com/asset_mgr/versions/2013... · Academic Vocabulary investigate ... • from The Pigman & Me, by Paul Zindel • “The Southpaw,”

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Upper saddle river, New Jersey • bostoN, MassachUsetts chaNdler, arizoNa • gleNview, illiNois

FloridaHealth and Social Studies

Connectionsgrades 6-8

LiteraturePEARSON

COMMON CORE

FLORIDA

Describing Dimensions of Health

HE.6.C.1.2 Describe how the physical, mental/emotional, social and intellectual dimensions of health are interrelated.

ExplanationYour health dimensions — physical, mental/emotional, social, and intellectual — are like puzzle pieces that need to be fitted together to make meaning. Attaining a good balance between mind and body can prove to be challenging. Greater understanding of the role that the dimensions of health play in our lives can lead us to what we seek the most – health and happiness.

ExamplesHere are some examples of students with healthy and unhealthy dimensions of health:

•Healthy: Maria is physically healthy — she has flexible muscles and can play soccer with her friends without any difficulty. This participation in a team-sport boosts her confidence in her abilities and thus enhances her mental health through increased self-esteem. Also, since soccer is a team-sport, Maria’s interaction with other team members encourages the development of positive social friendships and relationships, thereby enhancing her social health.

•Unhealthy: Henry is upset because he is having trouble with schoolwork. Due to his negative feelings, he displays a low level of mental health, with reduced self-esteem. Henry stops talking to his friends, hurting his social health. He then decides to no longer play team sports and exercise with his friends, leading to a lower level of physical health.

Academic Vocabularydimensions an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing

physical of or relating to the body

mental of or relating to the mind

social of or relating to society or its organization

intellectual of or relating to the ability to think

Literature LinkYou may want to consider relating what you learned from the following texts to the practice activity that appears on the following page.

•from Zlata’s Diary, by Zlata Filipovic

•“Race to the End of the Earth,” by William Scheller

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. You may opt to complete the worksheet that follows with information you learned from the texts cited above.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

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Name Date Selection(s)

Dimensions of HealthComplete the chart with examples of situations that are real, fictional, or imagined. Then, list the dimensions of health that relate to each situation.

Situation Dimensions of Health

Physical:

Mental:

Social:

Intellectual:

Physical:

Mental:

Social:

Intellectual:

Physical:

Mental:

Social:

Intellectual:


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Media’s Influence on Health Behaviors

HE.6.C.2.5 Examine how media influences peer and community health behaviors.

ExplanationExposure to a variety of influences impacts the health behaviors of your friends and those who live in your community. Media (i.e., television, internet, video games, movies, music, magazines, advertisements) is one influence that can change how people think or act. Sometimes media has a positive influence on those around us, but at other times, it can have a negative influence.

ExamplesHere are some examples of how media can influence health behaviors in a positive way and in a negative way.

•Positive influence: One of Maya’s friends reads an article in the school newspaper about a community clean-up day. She convinces Maya and some other friends to take part in the effort along with other community members who learned about it through media or by word-of-mouth. After the clean-up day, the neighborhood is a nicer place to live, and the volunteers feel good about what they have done.

•Negative influence: Sam and his friends see a movie in which the main character performs stunts with a skateboard. The boys decide to imitate the stunts the next time they get together. Unfortunately, one stunt goes wrong, and one of the boys breaks a collarbone.

Academic Vocabularymedia providers of news and information to the public

influences affects the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks

peer a person who is the same age as you or shares other similarities

community people who live in the same area


•“Fenway Park Celebrates 100 Years . . . ,” by Molly Line

•“Determination,” World War II poster

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. You may opt to complete the worksheet with knowledge you gained from reading the texts cited above.


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Media’s Influence on Health BehaviorsComplete the chart by listing situations in which media plays a role. The situations you describe may be from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination. Then, describe the effect of the media on the health behaviors of the people involved.

Situation and Type of Media Involved Effect Media has on Health Behaviors


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Investigate Technologies to Gather Health Information

HE.6.B.3.3 Investigate a variety of technologies to gather health information.

ExplanationTo gather health information, you can use technologies, such as databases, mobile apps, and websites. As you search for information, think about whether or not sources are trusted and reliable. You could start out at your school or local library and ask the librarian for suggestions on websites, videos, or interactive games that provide health information written by doctors or health professionals.

ExamplesHere are some examples of websites, videos, and interactive games worth investigating that can get you started with your health information gathering:

WebsitesLook for websites that end in .gov or .org to know you are accessing trusted and reliable information.

•National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov) – This site contains information and resources on a variety of health topics.

•Kids.gov (www.kids.usa.gov) – Kids.gov has a section for teens Grades 6–8 and includes information on general health as well as current health and safety issues.

Videos and Interactive GamesA variety of health videos and interactive games is available through Kids.gov (www.kids.usa.gov) that teach about current health and safety issues, including stopping bullying, the dangers of tobacco, stress management, and using medicine safely.

Academic Vocabularyinvestigate to observe or inquire into in detail

technologies plural of technology; manner of using technical processes, methods, or knowledge to do something


•“Stray,” by Cynthia Rylant

•“Race to the End of the Earth,” by William G. Scheller

Apply the StandardUse the worksheet that follows to practice applying the standard. You may opt to record ways in which the characters in the texts cited above might use technology to gather health information. For example, the main character in Stray might research ways to care for a stray dog, and characters in Race to the End of the Earth might look for ways to prevent frostbite.


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Investigate Technologies to Gather Health Information Use this chart to record ways in which you might use technology to research information about health.

Type of TechnologyHow the Technology Is Used to Gather Health Information


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Enhancing Health with Effective Communication

HE.6.B.4.1 Determine strategies to improve effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health.

ExplanationCommunication skills are the skills you use to convey feelings and information to others. How well you are able to communicate with others affects both your personal health and the health of those around you. Learning verbal and nonverbal communication skills—and strategies for improving these skills—can help you build and support healthy relationships with others.

ExamplesHere are some examples of effective communication skills and strategies.

•Effective verbal communication: Randy and his friends want to go rafting, but there are not enough life vests for the group. Randy realizes that rafting without a vest could be dangerous. He talks to the group about his concern, and convinces them to take turns so that no one has to take risks.

•Effective nonverbal communication: Frances is eating lunch with friends when she chokes on a bite of sandwich. She is terrified and unable to speak, but remembers to put her hands around her neck to communicate to her friends that she is choking. Frances’ friends alert the cafeteria monitor, who successfully performs the Heimlich maneuver.

Academic Vocabularyeffective successful

verbal spoken; related to words

nonverbal unspoken; not using words

communication the process of sharing information or feelings

enhance improve


•from The Pigman & Me, by Paul Zindel

•“The Southpaw,” by Judith Viorst

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard as you read. You may opt to complete the practice worksheet from the point of view of a character from the texts cited above.


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Enhancing Health with Effective CommunicationComplete the following chart with examples of effective communication, either verbal or nonverbal. You may want to use examples from real life or from fictional or imagined situations.

Situation 1:

Description of Communication Skill or Skills Used:

Situation 2:


Situation 3:



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Reducing Health Risks

HE.6.B.4.2 Practice refusal skills and negotiation skills to reduce health risks.

Explanation Every day, you make decisions about your health. You are also faced with health risks. Using refusal skills (saying “no” in an effective manner) and negotiation skills (suggesting an alternative to what you are refusing) can help you make decisions that reduce health risks and lead to enhanced health.

ExamplesHere are some examples of effective refusal and negotiation skills.

•Refusal Skills: Helene is spending two weeks at sleep-away summer camp. One night a huge thunderstorm rolls in, waking up Helene and her cabin-mates. Helene’s friends think it would be fun to dance outside in the rain and wind. Helene realizes the dangers of being outside during a severe storm and refuses to join in. Because of Helene’s firm refusal to participate, the others decide to stay in the cabin, too.

•Negotiation Skills: Gabe’s older brother does not have his driver’s license yet, but he wants to take their parents’ car for a drive when they are not home. He asks Gabe to come with but Gabe refuses to go with him. Gabe suggests they play basketball or go skateboarding instead. His brother agrees to play basketball, and they avoid a health risk and do something beneficial to their health.

Academic Vocabularyrefusal unwillingness to do or accept something

negotiation discussion between opposing sides

reduce make smaller or less

risk the possibility that something bad may happen


•“Jackie Robinson: Justice at Last,” by Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns




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Reducing Health RisksComplete the chart by filling in a description of a situation involving a potential health risk. Then, fill in the columns below with possible ways to reduce the health risks for each situation. Your examples may be drawn from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination.

Description of Situation Involving Health Risk:

Possible Refusal Skill Possible Negotiation Skill


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Conflict Management and Resolution

HE.6.B.4.3 Demonstrate effective conflict-management and/or resolution strategies.

Explanation Conflicts are an unavoidable part of life, but you are in control of how you handle them when they arise. Using conflict management and/or resolution strategies can prevent conflicts from getting out of control or leading to violence. Some conflict management/resolution strategies include: agreeing on the problem, staying calm and respectful, listening carefully, keeping people and problems separate, involving a responsible adult, and discussing possible solutions with the other person or people involved in the conflict.

ExamplesHere are some examples of effective conflict management/resolution strategies.

•Lila overhears a friend criticizing her song choice for an upcoming talent show. The next time Lila is alone with the friend, she tells her what she believes she heard and how the comments made her feel. Lila listens to what her friend has to say and accepts her apology. A conflict between friends is prevented, and the girls’ friendship is strengthened by the incident.

•Quentin’s watch has gone missing from the locker room. That evening, Quentin sees what looks to be his watch in a friend’s backpack. Quentin controls his anger and asks his friend about the watch. His friend tells Quentin that he found it on the floor of the locker room and meant to turn it into the lost and found but forgot. Quentin identifies the watch as his and the incident ends peacefully.

Academic Vocabularyconflict a disagreement or argument

management manner of controlling something

resolution the answer to a problem

strategies planned series of actions


•“The King of Mazy May,” by Jack London

•“The Sound of Summer Running,” by Ray Bradbury

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard as you read. You may opt to complete the practice worksheet as if you were a character from one of the texts cited above.


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Conflict Management and ResolutionDescribe three conflicts, either from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination. Note the strategies people used to manage or resolve the conflict and tell whether or not these strategies worked.

Description of conflict: Strategy:

Strategy:

Strategy:

Were the strategies used to manage/resolve the conflict effective? Explain your answer:


Strategy:

Strategy:



Strategy:

Strategy:



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Compile Ways to Ask for Assistance to Enhance Health

HE.6.B.4.4 Compile ways to ask for assistance to enhance the health of self and others.

ExplanationHow would you find ways to ask for assistance for a health issue for yourself or to help someone else? The answer may depend on what information you are looking for. Do you have a general question about enhancing your overall health? Or do you or someone you know have a health problem that requires outside assistance? You could talk to your friends about things they do to keep healthy, write to an expert to answer a question about a health problem, or ask a trusted adult (parent, teacher, or school nurse) for advice.

ExamplesHere are examples of students who find ways to enhance their health by asking for assistance:

•Tim feels tired every single day at school and has no energy to do anything but sleep after he is done with his homework. He has also been getting frequent colds and sore throats. After trying to eat healthier and get more sleep, Tim still feels tired and sick. He decides to talk to his parents and ask if he can see the family doctor to find out what is wrong.

•Daria has noticed that her younger sister hardly eats during meals at home and avoids having lunch with her friends at school. Daria is also worried that her sister is constantly talking about her weight and being on a diet. Daria starts to think about ways she could help her sister. She starts by researching eating disorders on the Internet. Then she talks to her parents and the school nurse about her concerns for her sister’s health and well-being.

Academic Vocabularycompile to collect into a volume or list enhance to increase or improve in value

or quality


•“Lob’s Girl,” by Joan Aiken

•“Water,” by Helen Keller

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. As an option, you may want to write your responses as if you were a character or narrator from one of the texts cited above. For example, the main character in “Lob’s Girl” might want to ask for help in recovering from her injuries, whereas Helen Keller’s parents might have asked Annie Sullivan for guidance in how to care for young Helen.


13



Compile Ways to Ask for Assistance to Enhance HealthFill out the chart below by compiling ways to ask for assistance in matters relating to health and well-being.

Situation Way(s) to Ask for Assistance


14


Investigate Health-Related Situations Requiring Thoughtful Decision Making

HE.6.B.5.1 Investigate health-related situations that require the application of a thoughtful decision-making process.

ExplanationThe ability to make thoughtful decisions in a situation that affects your health could be the difference between staying healthy and happy and getting into an unhealthy or potentially dangerous situation. Understanding which types of situations might affect your health negatively will help you think about how to decide what do to.

ExamplesHere are some examples of health-related situations requiring a thoughtful decision-making process.

•Dan and Ari are planning to skateboard after school. Dan didn’t bring a helmet but wants to go anyway. Ari doesn’t think Dan should skate without a helmet but is hesitant to tell Dan what he thinks.

•Willow has been invited to a party at a friend’s house. When she gets there, she discovers that her friend’s parents are not at home and that there are dozens of older kids there that she doesn’t know. Willow decides to leave the party because she doesn’t want to get in trouble. She calls her mom, who comes to pick her up.

Academic Vocabularyinvestigate to observe or inquire into in detail

application an act of putting to use

process a series of actions leading to a result


•“The Tail,” by Joyce Hansen


Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. You may opt to describe situations and decisions from the point of view of the one of the characters from the texts cited above.


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Investigate Health-Related Situations Requiring Thoughtful Decision MakingFill in the chart with various health-related situations that are real, fictional, or imagined. Then, fill in the second column with decisions that resulted and the effect of those decisions.

Health-Related Situation Decision That Was Made and Effect of the Decision


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Identify Principles from Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations

SS.6.C.2.1 Identify principles (civic participation, role of government) from ancient Greek and Roman civilizations which are reflected in the American political process today, and discuss their effect on the American political process.

ExplanationMany of the citizens of ancient Rome felt a strong civic duty — they wished to obey the law and pay taxes. In addition, many strove to participate in government and to defend Rome. Laws established by the Roman Republic served as a model to the Founding Fathers who established the United States government. The United States has a representative democracy — people participate in government by delegating power to their representatives.

Examples•In order for governments to be effective, citizens must fulfill their civic duties. Obeying laws, paying taxes, and serving on juries or as witnesses are all examples of civic duties. Failure to obey civic duties may have legal consequences. In addition to civic duties, citizens have civic responsibilities such as voting and helping others. Civic responsibilities are voluntary.

•Governments must ensure that the conditions exist for the exercise of civic duties and responsibilities. Many people serve in government to make certain that the correct balance of rights, duties, and responsibilities is maintained.

Academic Vocabularycivic duty the responsibility of a citizen

government the system by which a nation, state, or community is controlled

representative democracy a form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people

Literature LinkYou may want to consider relating what you learned from the texts listed below to the practice activity that appears on the following page.

•from “The Bill of Rights,” by Herbert Hoover

•from “Letter on Thomas Jefferson,” by John Adams

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to apply your knowledge of the standard. You may opt to complete the activity with knowledge you gained from reading the texts cited above.


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Identify Principles from Ancient Greek and Roman CivilizationsFill in the chart below by listing events that involve people participating in their community or government. The events you list may be from real life, from fiction, or from your own imagination.

EventHow Person Demonstrates Civic Duty or Participates in Government

Describe the effect of events and actions like these on politics in your community, state, or country.


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Explaining Dimensions of Health

HE.7.C.1.2 Explain how physical, mental/emotional, social, and intellectual dimensions of health are interrelated.

ExplanationYour health dimensions—physical, mental/emotional, social, and intellectual—are like puzzle pieces that need to be fitted together to make meaning. Achieving a balance between mind and body can be challenging. Greater understanding of the role that the dimensions of health play in our lives can lead to health and happiness.


•Healthy: Brad volunteers at the nursing home in his community. The time he spends volunteering is socially and emotionally rewarding—he meets many interesting people, and the workers and families of residents appreciate his help. Brad also enjoys the physical benefits of volunteering because it keeps him active rather than sedentary.

•Unhealthy: Sapna is an excellent student. She considers joining an academic club, but chooses not to because she is afraid other students will think she is a nerd. Because Sapna does not share the same interests as her friends, she stays home and watches television by herself after school and is often bored. This leads to a lower level of mental, social, and physical health.

Academic Vocabularyphysical of or relating to the body



intellectual of or relating to the ability to think

dimensions an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing


•“Ribbons,” by Laurence Yep

•“Life Without Gravity,” by Robert Zimmerman



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Explaining Dimensions of HealthComplete the chart with examples of situations that are real, fictional, or imagined. Then, list the dimensions of health that relate to each situation.

Situation Dimensions of Health

Physical:

Mental:

Social:

Intellectual:

Physical:

Mental:

Social:

Intellectual:

Physical:

Mental:

Social:

Intellectual:


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HE.7.C.2.5 Analyze how messages from media influence health behaviors.

ExplanationExposure to a variety of influences impacts people’s health behaviors. Media messages (delivered via media such as television, internet, video games, movies, music, magazines, and advertisements) are one influence that can change how people think or act. Sometimes media messages have a positive influence on people, but at other times, they can have a negative influence. Remember that people have control over many influences in their lives.

ExamplesHere are some examples of how media messages can influence health behaviors in a positive way and in a negative way.

•Positive influence: David enjoys reading sports and health magazines. He focuses especially on articles about athletes working hard to achieve success and tips for getting in shape. The messages from these magazines influence him in a positive way because they encourage him to stay healthy and exercise and to practice hard to be the best athlete he can be.

•Negative influence: Misha watches television shows about celebrities and models. The media messages she receives from watching these types of shows give her a negative body image. The advertisements she sees during these television shows also influence her. She buys many of the products advertised because she thinks she needs them to look attractive.

Academic Vocabularymessages spoken, written, or visual pieces of information sent to a person

media providers of news and information to the public

influence affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, or thinks


•“Video Game Competitiveness . . . ,” by Jennifer LaRue Huget

•The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street, by Rod Serling

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. You may opt to complete the worksheet with information you got from reading the texts cited above.


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Media’s Influence on Health BehaviorsComplete the chart by listing situations in which media plays a role. The situations you describe may be from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination. Then, describe the effect of the media on the health behavior of the people involved.

Situation and Type of Media Involved Effect Media has on Health Behaviors


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Compare Technologies to Gather Health Information

HE.7.B.3.3 Compare a variety of technologies to gather health information.

ExplanationBefore you get started comparing technologies that could help you gather health information, think about sources that are trusted and reliable. You could start out at your school or local library and ask the librarian for suggestions on websites or videos that provide health information written by and/or verified by health professionals.

ExamplesHere are some examples of websites, videos, and interactive games that can get you started with your comparison to see which offer the most helpful, comprehensive, or interesting health information.

WebsitesLook for websites that end in .gov or .org to know you are accessing trusted and reliable information. Any .gov site or .org and its links should be self-contained and not take you away from the home site.


•Kids.gov (www.kids.usa.gov) – Kids.gov has a special section for teens Grades 6–8 and includes resources and information for current health and safety issues.

Videos and Interactive GamesA variety of health videos and interactive games is available through Kids.gov (www.kids.usa.gov). You can learn about current health and safety issues, including the dangers of tobacco, stress management, and using medicine safely.

Academic Vocabularycompare to describe as similar

technologies plural of technology


•“Video Game Competitiveness . . . ,” by Jennifer LaRue Huget

•“Life Without Gravity,” by Robert Zimmerman

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. For example, you may choose to explore health situations such as video game aggression or the forces of gravity.


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Compare Technologies to Gather Health InformationCompare the pros and cons of each of the technologies. First, describe the health-related situation that is from real-life, from fiction, or imagined. Then, list the two technologies that could be used to gather information. Then, compare the two technologies.

Health Situation Technologies Used Comparison

1.

2.

Pros:

Cons:

1.

2.

Pros:

Cons:

1.

2.

Pros:

Cons:


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HE.7.B.4.1 Apply effective communication skills when interacting with others to enhance health.

ExplanationCommunication skills are the skills you use to convey feelings and information to others. Your ability to use communication skills in interactions with others affects both your personal health and the health of those around you. Learning to apply effective communication skills can help you build, maintain, and enhance healthy relationships with others, as well as improve your own health.

ExamplesHere are some examples of effective communication skills.

•Sandy and her friends are headed to the town pool. After an hour of sun, Sandy feels her skin starting to burn. Her friend Beth notices and tells Sandy to put on some sunscreen. Her friends help her spray it on and then they decide to move under the trees to get some shade. Beth warns Sandy to be careful about burning in the future. She reveals that too much sun exposure can lead to skin cancer.

•Keenan has started working as a busboy at a restaurant. He notices that the kitchen floor gets slippery throughout the evening, as soft drinks get spilled. He talks with his manager that he is concerned about people slipping and falling. He and the manager work out a plan to place washable rubber mats throughout the kitchen area and to move the drinks machine to a better location.

Academic Vocabularyeffective successful; leading to a good result


interacting talking to each other or working together; affecting each other

enhance improve


•“Ribbons,” by Laurence Yep

•“Forget Fun, Embrace Enjoyment,” by Adam Naylor

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard as you read. You may opt to complete the practice worksheet from the point of view of a character from the texts cited above.


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Enhancing Health with Effective CommunicationComplete the worksheet by listing two examples of effective communication relating to health issues. Your examples may be drawn from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination.

Example 1: Example 2:

Communication Skills Used in Interactions With Others:



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Reducing Health Risks

HE.7.B.4.2 Demonstrate refusal, negotiation, and collaboration skills to enhance health and reduce health risks.

ExplanationEvery day, you make decisions about your health. Using refusal skills, negotiation skills, and collaboration skills can help you make decisions that reduce health risks and lead to enhanced health.

ExamplesHere are some examples of effective and ineffective refusal, negotiation, and collaboration skills.

•Refusal Skill: Aliyah’s older sister offers to let her drive a friend’s car, even though Aliyah has not gotten her permit yet. Aliyah refuses the offer, knowing that driving without a permit can lead to serious injury and potential legal trouble.

•Negotiation Skill: Jerry and Nick are plan on hiking in a canyon over the weekend. When they meet up to begin the hike, they hear on the radio that storms are expected to pop up that night. Jerry wants to continue on, even though he forgot his waterproof ground cloth and poncho. Nick really thinks they need the equipment; he tells Jerry that they should run back to a nearby friend’s house and get the needed supplies. Jerry agrees.

•Collaboration Skill: Several friends are walking in a park when a bike-rider rides by and crashes at the shore of a lake. The friends quickly assign roles. One friend calls 911. Two others race to the scene to see if they can help the biker. Another friend runs ahead to the ranger station to see if the park ranger can provide help.

Academic Vocabularyrefusal unwillingness to do or accept something

negotiation discussion between opposing sides

collaboration the act or process of working together with another person or group


•“Rattlesnake Hunt,” by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

•“All Summer in a Day,” by Ray Bradbury



27



Reducing Health RisksComplete the following chart with examples drawn from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination.

Event

Risk Encountered Skill Used to Reduce Health Risk

Event


Event



28


Articulate Causes of Conflicts

HE.7.B.4.3 Articulate the possible causes of conflict among youth in schools and communities.

ExplanationConflicts with others your age are unavoidable, but how you deal with these conflicts is something you can control. First, it is important to recognize causes of conflict. These causes include everything from differing backgrounds, values, or expectations to jealousy, competitiveness, bullying, assumption-making, and simple misunderstandings. Once you are aware of common causes of conflicts, you can learn and practice the best strategies for handling them.

ExamplesHere are two examples of conflicts among youth. The causes of the conflicts are different, as are the ways in which the conflicts are handled.

•Tommy and Dominic both want to be captain of their soccer team. Each one tries to convince his teammates that he would be the best captain. When Tommy jokes that Dominic lacks soccer skills, Dominic is insulted. Tommy apologizes, telling him he didn’t mean to offend him and was only kidding. Dominic accepts his apology. They work so well together to prevent the conflict from getting out of hand that the team elects them as co-captains.

•Brandon notices that the new student in school dresses, talks, and acts differently than most of the other students. Brandon makes fun of the ways in which he is different, and assumes that he and this new student have nothing in common. The new student gets fed up with Brandon’s behavior and starts to avoid him. The situation becomes increasingly uncomfortable.

Academic Vocabularyarticulate express in words

conflict a disagreement or argument

communities groups of people who live in the same area


•A Christmas Carol: Scrooge and Marley, adapted by Israel Horovitz

•“The Salem Witch Trials of 1692,” by The Salem Witch Museum



29



Articulate Causes of ConflictsComplete the chart below with examples of conflict you have observed in real life or have read about. Then, list the cause or causes of the conflict.

Description of Conflict Main Cause(s) of Conflict




30


Demonstrate Ways to Ask for Assistance to Enhance Health

HE.7.B.4.4 Demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance the health of self and others.

ExplanationHow would you demonstrate how to ask for assistance for a health issue or for a situation that might be harmful to you or someone else? Knowing how to ask for assistance could mean improved health for you or others, or it could also be lifesaving. By demonstrating for someone else how to ask for assistance, that person could receive useful health information or possibly avoid an unhealthy or dangerous situation.

ExamplesHere are examples of students who demonstrate how to ask for assistance for their own health or on behalf of someone else:

•Jasmine returns home from being at the mall with her friend. As she is taking off her jacket, a pair of earrings falls out of the pocket. She calls her friend, who starts laughing, saying she has no idea how the earrings got there. Jasmine knows this is not the first time her friend has shoplifted, but now she might be blamed for it. She decides to ask her mom what she should do, both about the earrings and about helping her friend.

•Derek’s best friend Adam has found out that he has a health condition that he doesn’t want many people to know about. Adam asks Derek for help because Derek’s sister has the same condition. Derek knows he can’t just tell Adam what his sister has been through, mostly because the information is personal, but also because everyone’s experience is different. Derek instead offers to help Adam write a list of important questions to take to Adam’s doctor. Adam uses the list to write the questions he feels he needs the most help answering.

Academic Vocabularydemonstrate to show clearly

enhance to increase or improve in value or quality


•“No Gumption,” by Russell Baker

•“The Courage That My Mother Had,” by Edna St. Vincent Millay

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. As an option, you may want to write your responses as if you were a character from one of the texts cited above.


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Demonstrate Ways to Ask for Assistance to Enhance HealthFill out the chart below by describing how you would demonstrate asking for assistance to enhance health and well being for yourself or for others.

Situation or Question Demonstration of Asking for Assistance

When to ask for assistance:

How to ask for assistance:

Who to ask for assistance:








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Predict When Health-Related Situations Require Thoughtful Decision Making

HE.7.B.5.1 Predict when health-related situations require the application of a thoughtful decision-making process.

ExplanationPredicting when health-related situations require thoughtful decision making could be the difference between staying healthy and happy and getting into an unhealthy or potentially dangerous situation. Understanding which types of situations might affect your health negatively will help you predict when a thoughtful decision needs to be made.

ExamplesHere are some examples of health-related situations requiring a thoughtful decision-making process.

•Eddie and four of his friends are playing basketball after school when it starts pouring. The friends all run for shelter to wait out the rain when one friend mentions that his brother just got his driver’s license. The friend offers to call his brother to pick them up and says it’s okay if they all pile in the car for a short ride. Eddie thinks this sounds like a bad idea and decides to suggest another way to get home.

•Veronica has been studying hard and working with a tutor to prepare for an upcoming test. She’s about to meet with her tutor one last time before school when her friend Anna approaches. She tries to persuade Veronica to make up an excuse not to see the tutor, saying they can go somewhere fun and sneak back into school in time for the test. Veronica knows she needs to make a tough decision.

Academic Vocabularypredict to declare in advance; foretell on the basis of observation, experience, or reasoning




•“Two Kinds,” by Amy Tan

•“Amigo Brothers,” by Piri Thomas

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. You may opt to describe situations and decisions from the point of view of the one of the characters from the texts cited above.


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Predict When Health-Related Situations Require Thoughtful Decision MakingFill in the chart with various health-related situations that are real, fictional, or imagined. Then, fill in the second column with decisions that resulted and the effect of those decisions.

Health-Related Situation Decision That Was Made and Effect of the Decision


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Analyze Media and Political Communications

SS.7.C.2.11 Analyze media and political communications (bias, symbolism, propaganda).

ExplanationMedia and politics have been long intertwined. Political candidates use various media to communicate with voters during campaigns. The voters must analyze those political messages in order to make informed choices when casting their ballots. When reading political communications, it is helpful to learn to recognize bias, symbolism, and propaganda.

Keep in Mind . . .•When viewing or listening to political communications, consider the possibility that the source may be biased. Sometimes the source of bias is the media — media bias in politics is the bias of journalists in the selection of political events and stories that are reported, and how they are covered. In some countries the government controls the production of news, often resulting in propaganda — biased, misleading information that can be used to influence and control people.

•Political symbols abound in the media. For example, in the United States, the elephant is the symbol of the Republican Party, and the donkey is the symbol of the Democratic Party.

Academic Vocabularybias prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair

media the means of communication, such as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely

symbolism the use of symbols, such as images and ideas, to represent other ideas or qualities

propaganda information of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political point of view


•from “Speech Supporting Women’s Suffrage,” Robert L. Owen

•from “Speech to the Constitutional Convention,” Benjamin Franklin

•“All Together Now,” by Barbara Jordan



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Analyze Media and Political CommunicationsPerform research to find examples of political advertisements, editorials, or speeches that use bias, symbolism, or propaganda. List the examples of bias, symbolism, and propaganda that you find, and then explain the intended effect of each.

Examples of Bias, Symbolism, or Propaganda

Intended Effect of Bias, Symbolism, or Propaganda


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Examine Multiple Perspectives on Issues

SS.7.C.2.13 Examine multiple perspectives on public and current issues.

ExplanationAs a citizen, one of your responsibilities is to keep up with the latest news. By examining multiple perspectives and educating yourself about various aspects of issues, you can form your own opinions. Once you have formed opinions, you can take action to help correct problems.

Keep in Mind . . .Strong arguments can be made for or against many issues in the news. For example, genetic engineering is the science of altering the structure of plants’ and animals’ genes.

•Arguments for the use of genetic engineering include the belief that it can lead to better taste, nutrition, and growth rate in plants and animals. Pest-resistant crops with longer shelf lives can also be created through genetic engineering.

•Arguments against genetic engineering claim that nutritional value may actually go down and immunities against diseases gained from genetic engineering may actually get passed on to harmful organisms.

Academic Vocabularyissues important topics or problems for debate or discussion

perspectives particular attitudes toward or ways of regarding something; points of view

responsibility a duty or obligation to perform or complete a task


•“Win Some, Lose Some,” by Charles Osgood

•“The Myth of the Outlaw,” by Ruth M. Hamel

•“Joseph R. McCarthy,” from Prentice Hall United States History



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Examine Multiple Perspectives on IssuesDo research to find an issue of interest to you for which there are multiple perspectives. Record the perspectives, then write your own opinion about this issue, using one or more of the perspectives you researched to support your claim.

Issue:

Multiple Perspectives About This Issue

Write your own opinion about this issue, using one or more of the perspectives you researched to support your claim.


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Analyzing Dimensions of Health

HE.8.C.1.2 Analyze the interrelationship between healthy/unhealthy behaviors and the dimensions of health: physical, mental/emotional, social, and intellectual.

ExplanationYour health dimensions—physical, mental/emotional, social, and intellectual—are like puzzle pieces that need to be fitted together to make meaning. Attaining a harmonious balance between mind and body can prove to be quite difficult. Greater understanding of the role that the dimensions of health play in our lives and the behaviors that affect these dimensions of health can lead us to what we seek the most–health and happiness.


•Healthy: Kendra participates in an after-school foreign language club and is a member of the basketball team. These activities improve her intellectual and physical health by keeping her mind sharp and her body in shape. Participating in these activities is also good for her mental/emotional and social health because she feels good about all the friends she has.

•Unhealthy: Andre skips breakfast and eats mostly junk food and fast food for lunch and dinner. His diet contributes to his poor physical health, and his poor physical health leads to low mental/emotional and social health because he has low self-esteem due to his weight and his inability to keep up with other students during physical activity.

Academic Vocabularydimensions an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing

physical of or relating to the body



intellectual of or relating to the intellect

Literature LinkYou may want to consider relating what you learned from the following texts to the practice activity that appears on the next page.

•“Flowers for Algernon,” by Daniel Keyes

•from Kindertransport, by Diane Samuels



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Analyzing Dimensions of HealthFill in the worksheet with examples of health-related situations from real-life, from fiction, or from your imagination. Then, list the dimensions of health that are affected by the situation and behavior. Finally, describe the outcome as positive or negative.

Situation and Behavior



Dimension(s) of Health Affected by Situation/Behavior



Affected Positively or Negatively?




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HE.8.C.2.5 Research marketing strategies behind health-related media messages.

ExplanationExposure to a variety of influences impacts people’s health behaviors. Media messages (delivered via media such as television, internet, video games, movies, music, magazines, advertisements) are one influence that can change how people think or act. Sometimes media messages have a positive influence on people, but at other times, they can have a negative influence. By researching the marketing strategies behind these messages, you can better control their influence over you.

ExamplesHere are some examples of how people might research marketing strategies behind media messages.

•Shawna sees two ads for running shoes that she finds interesting. The first ad shows an attractive woman wearing the shoes on a beach in an exotic location. An ad for a similar shoe focuses on the shoe itself, pointing out its features. Shawna understands that the first ad is appealing to emotion and the second is appealing to serious runners. After doing more research on the two products, Shawna decides to buy the better quality shoe.

•Milo is watching television when he sees a commercial for a new honey and nut cereal. The commercial has great music, and the kids in it seem happy. The commercial doesn’t mention nutrition. Milo does some quick research and discovers that although the cereal advertisement seems to be targeted for kids, its ingredients are healthy. Milo plans to ask his parents if he can try the cereal.

Academic Vocabularymarketing strategies plans used to influence consumers or to sell or promote something

media messages spoken, written, or visual pieces of information sent out by providers of news and other information

Literature LinkYou may want to consider relating what you learned from the following text to the practice activity that appears on the next page.

•“The Trouble With Television,” by Robert MacNeil

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you better understand the standard. To learn more about marketing strategies related to health behaviors, research the topic and take notes on your findings.


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Media’s Influence on Health BehaviorsConduct research on marketing strategies related to health behaviors. Take notes in the chart below about the marketing strategies you learn about and what makes the strategies effective.

Product and Marketing Strategy How the Strategy Works


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Recommend Technologies to Gather Health Information

HE.8.C.3.3 Recommend a variety of technologies to gather health information.

ExplanationBefore you recommend technologies for health information gathering, think about sources that are trusted and reliable. You could start out at your school or local library and ask the librarian for suggestions on websites, videos, or interactive games that provide health information written by doctors or other health professionals.

ExamplesHere are some examples of websites, videos, and interactive games that provide health information. Before recommending technologies for gathering health information to others, evaluate which technologies are most helpful.

WebsitesLook for websites that end in .gov or .org to know you are accessing trusted and reliable information.


•Kids.gov (www.kids.usa.gov) – Kids.gov has a section for teens Grades 6–8 and includes information on general health as well as current health and safety issues.

Videos and Interactive GamesHealth/safety videos and interactive games are available through Kids.gov (www.kids.usa.gov).

Academic Vocabularytechnologies plural of technology; manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes, methods, or knowledge


•“Robots Get a Feel for the World at USC Viterbi,” by USC Viterbi

•“Science and the Sense of Wonder,” by Isaac Asimov

Apply the StandardUse the worksheet that follows to practice applying the standard. You may opt to refer to the texts above in your response.


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Recommend Technologies to Gather Health InformationComplete the chart below by listing situations relating to health. You may list real-life, fictional, or imagined situations. Then, fill out the rest of the chart with technologies that may help in each situation. Finally, list reasons for your recommendations.

SituationRecommended Technologies

Reason for Recommendation


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HE.8.B.4.1 Illustrate skills necessary for effective communication with family, peers, and others to enhance health.

ExplanationCommunication skills are the skills you use to convey feelings and information to others. Your ability to effectively communicate with family, friends, and others affects both your personal health and the health of those around you. Illustrating effective communication skills can help you build, maintain, and enhance healthy relationships with others, as well as improve your own health.

ExamplesHere are some examples of effective and ineffective communication skills.

•Effective: Mariah is the leader of a young adult book club. She demonstrates good communication skills and encourages group members to take turns sharing thoughts and observations and to react respectfully to others’ ideas. Everyone enjoys the book club and members build good relationships with one another. The health of the club members is enhanced through positive interactions during meetings.

•Ineffective: Zoey is part of a group research project. She interrupts other group members when they speak and insists that her idea for a research topic is much better than everyone else’s. The group begins to ignore Zoey because she is not communicating appropriately. Zoey is frustrated, and so are the other group members. Because the group does not work well together, they do not do well on their project, and they are all affected negatively.

Academic Vocabularyillustrate demonstrate; provide an example

effective successful; leading to a good result


enhance improve


•“Flowers for Algernon,” by Daniel Keyes

•“The Ninny,” by Anton Chekhov



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Enhancing Health with Effective CommunicationComplete the worksheet by listing two examples of effective communication relating to health issues. Your examples may be drawn from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination.

Example 1: Example 2:




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Examine Causes of Conflicts

HE.8.B.4.3 Examine the possible causes of conflict among youth in schools and communities.

ExplanationConflicts with students and others your age are unavoidable, but how you deal with these conflicts is something you can control. First, it is important to examine causes of conflict. These causes include everything from differing backgrounds, values, or expectations to jealousy, competitiveness, bullying, assumption-making, and simple misunderstandings. By examining common causes of conflicts, you can learn and practice the best strategies for handling them.

ExamplesHere are two examples of conflicts among youth. The causes of the conflicts are different, as are the ways in which the conflicts are handled.

•Jacqueline and her friend are debating an issue they discussed in their social studies class. They both have strong, opposing viewpoints on the issue. When they start to raise their voices and lose their tempers, Jacqueline suggests they agree to disagree and not discuss the topic anymore since they cannot compromise and come to the same conclusion about the issue. Her friend agrees that this is a good idea, and they end a conflict and save their friendship.

•Damon thinks he sees a classmate copying his answers on a test. He tells his friends that the classmate is a cheater and he also defaces some of the classmate’s property by writing “cheater” on it. The classmate informs a teacher of what is going on and Damon gets in trouble at school and at home.

Academic Vocabularyexamine look at or consider something carefully

conflict a disagreement or argument

communities groups of people who live in the same area


•“Raymond’s Run,” by Toni Cade Bambara

•“Cub Pilot on the Mississippi,” by Mark Twain



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Examine Causes of Conflicts Fill in the worksheet with examples of conflict you have observed in real life or have read about. Then, list the main cause or causes of the conflict.

Conflict Main Cause of Conflict



Choose one conflict from your notes above and describe any minor causes that contributed to it.


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Compare and Contrast Ways to Ask for and Offer Health Assistance

HE.8.B.4.4 Compare and contrast ways to ask for and offer assistance to enhance the health of self or others.

ExplanationA variety of different health issues and situations require assistance, whether it’s for your own health or the health of someone else. There are different ways to ask for assistance to enhance your own health, but also many ways to offer assistance to someone else that may need help with a health-related issue or situation.

ExamplesHere are examples of ways students asked for assistance with their own health or offered assistance to someone else.

•Geneva has been feeling very anxious in her new school, so much so that she has felt sick to her stomach every day for a few months. She can barely talk to anyone else and thinks everyone else seems so happy. She goes home every day feeling terrible. Geneva knows she needs to ask for help but isn’t sure where to start. She finally decides to ask her mom if she can talk to the school nurse or their family doctor.

•Derek’s best friend Adam finds out he has a health condition. Derek’s sister has the same condition, so he offers to help Adam write a list of important questions to ask his doctor. Derek also suggests various medical web sites his sister used to become more informed about her condition. Adam thinks talking to his doctor first is best, but he takes the web site information in case he needs more background on the questions he wants to ask.

Academic Vocabularycompare and contrast pertaining to similarities and differences between two or more people, places, or things

enhance to increase or improve in value or quality


•“Thank You, M’am,” by Langston Hughes

•“The Governess,” by Neil Simon

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. As an option, you may want to write your responses as if you were a character from one of the texts cited above.


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Compare and Contrast Ways to Ask for and Offer Health AssistanceComplete the following chart with examples drawn from real life, from fiction, or from your imagination.

Compare and Contrast Ways People Asked for/Offered Health Assistance

Situation 1:

Way(s) in Which Assistance Was Asked for or Offered:

Situation 2:

Way(s) in Which Assistance Was Asked for or Offered:

How are the situations and outcomes alike?

How are the situations and outcomes different?


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When Health-Related Situations Require a Thoughtful Plan of Action

HE.8.B.5.1 Determine when health-related situations require the application of a thoughtful prepared plan of action.

ExplanationDetermining when health-related situations require a thoughtful plan of action could be the difference between staying healthy and happy and getting into an unhealthy or potentially dangerous situation. Understanding which types of situations might affect your health negatively will help you plan for any type of scenario.

ExamplesHere are two examples of students in health-related situations that require a thoughtful plan of action:

•Derek was a passenger in a car driven by his friend’s brother, who was speeding and changing lanes constantly. Derek was scared and his friends just laughed when he said he was worried about getting in an accident. He knew he should find a way to get out of any future uncomfortable or dangerous situations. Derek and his family decided to make up a “code phrase” that Derek would use if he needed to be picked up, no questions asked.

•Natalie runs track, but she also has diabetes. She decides to speak with the school nurse for help coordinating a meeting with her coach and teammates. At the meeting, all teammates will learn about diabetes and understand what steps to take in case of an emergency during practice or a meet.

Academic Vocabularydetermine to settle or decide by choice of alternatives or possibilities




•“Raymond’s Run,” by Toni Cade Bambara

•The Governess, by Anton Chekhov

Apply the StandardUse the following worksheet to help you apply the standard. You may opt to complete the worksheet with examples drawn from your reading of the texts cited above.


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When Health-Related Situations Require a Thoughtful Plan of ActionFill in the chart by listing various health-related situations that are real, fictional, or imagined. Then, fill in the second column with a related plan of action that would lead to a successful outcome to the situation.

Health-Related Situation (Real, Fictional, or Imagined)

Plan of Action


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Research Rights and Principles

SS.8.C.1.5 Apply the rights and principles contained in the Constitution and Bill of Rights to the lives of citizens today.

ExplanationThe rights and principles guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights include concepts such as separation of powers, popular sovereignty, liberty, individual rights, and limited, representative government. These rights and principles are not out-of-date — they very much apply to the lives of citizens today.

Keep in Mind . . .Court cases involving rights and principles guaranteed by the Constitution and Bill of Rights often reach the U.S. Supreme Court. Some of these cases are considered “landmark cases” because they settle controversial questions. Examples include:

Private Property Rights — New London v. Kelo (2005) Cities may seize private property in order to turn it over to developers, providing that the new development results in greater revenue and benefits to the city. The Court held that transfer of property for “public benefit” satisfied the Fifth Amendment’s “public use” requirement.

Freedom of Speech — Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982) The Supreme Court ruled that officials could not remove books from school libraries because they disagreed with the books’ content.

Academic VocabularyBill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States

Constitution a body of fundamental principles according to which a state or other organization is governed

principles a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning

sovereignty authority or rule


•from “The American Dream,” by Martin Luther King, Jr.

•“Brown vs. Board of Education,” by Walter Dean Myers

•“On Woman’s Right to Suffrage,” by Susan B. Anthony



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Cross-Out


Research Rights and PrinciplesPerform research to learn more about the rights and principles that are stated in these historic documents.Then, provide an example of how a particular right or principle is exercised in ordinary life.

Constitution Bill of Rights

Rights or Principles Rights or Principles

Example of Rights and/or Principles Exercised in Everyday Life


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Evaluate How Amendments Have Expanded Voting Rights

SS.8.C.1.6 Evaluate how amendments to the Constitution have expanded voting rights from our nation’s early history to present day.

ExplanationThe right to vote was not addressed in the Constitution of the United States. Rather, it was left to states to decide who could vote. Early in United States history, only white men with property could vote. Over time, numerous amendments to the Constitution have expanded voting rights.

Keep in Mind . . .The following amendments to the Constitution have all expanded voting rights:

1868: 14th Amendment — Granted the right to vote to all male inhabitants of any state who are at least 21 years old.

1870: 15th Amendment — Provided that the right to vote would not be denied or abridged on the basis of “race, color or previous condition of servitude”

1920: 19th Amendment — Prohibited any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex

1971: 26th Amendment — Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

Academic Vocabularyamendment a change or addition to a legal document

voting rights the exercise of the right to vote


•from Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad, by Ann Petry

•“On Woman’s Right to Suffrage,” by Susan B. Anthony



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Evaluate How Amendments Have Expanded Voting RightsPerform research about one or more of the Constitutional amendments that expanded voting rights. Evaluate the support for and the opposition to the amendment. What “case” was made by each side? In the chart below, record each side’s arguments.

Which Constitutional amendment have you chosen?

Arguments for the Amendment Arguments Against the Amendment


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Documents

PEARSON Literature COMMON COREassets.pearsonschool.com/asset_mgr/versions/2013... · Academic Vocabulary investigate ... • from The Pigman & Me, by Paul Zindel • “The Southpaw,”