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BiologyVirtual Fetal Pig Dissection: Introduction

Go to the following website: https://www.whitman.edu/academics/departments-and-programs/biology/virtual-pig You will be using this handout in conjunction with the Whitman College VPD website to learn about introductory mammalian anatomy and physiology.

Explore the website layout. Within the site, you can navigate to any chapter from the links on the left. You can return to previous chapter subdivisions by clicking your browser’s “back” button. Getting Started: Click on “Anatomical References” on the left navigation bar. This section will outline some basic anatomic terms of the pig. • Click on “Regions of the Pig”. Label the regions of the pig in the diagram below:

• Click on “Anterior and Posterior” and answer the following questions: 1. Why are anatomical reference terms different for pigs and humans?

2. Write the term used to mean… Toward the head: ______________________ (pig) ______________________ (human) Toward the nose: ______________________________Toward the tail: ______________________ (pig) ______________________ (human) “Tail end”: ______________________________Label the terms anterior and posterior on thehuman diagram to the right:

Click on “Dorsal and Ventral” and answer the following questions:Toward the back: ______________________ (pig)

______________________ (human)Toward the front/belly: ______________________ (pig)

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______________________ (human)

• Click on “Medial and Lateral” and label the diagrams below with the terms medial and lateral:

• Click on “Proximal and Distal” and label the diagram below with the terms proximal and distal at the appropriate points:

X is _______________

Y is ______________

A is _____________with respect to B

B is _____________with respect to A

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Name __________________________________ Per. ______ Date ___________________________

Sexing Your Pig:Click on “Sexing your Pig” on the left navigation bar.In this section, you will learn how to determine if your pig a male or a female.• Click on “Is it a Male?” Answer the following questions based on what you

read and see:1. What structure do males lack that females have?

2. Near what area does the urogenital tract open? (click to see a closer view of the area)

• Click on “Is it a Female?” Answer the following questions based on what you read and see:

3. What is the scientific term for mammalian nipples?

4. Near what area does the urogenital tract open?

5. What additional structure do females have in this area? (click to see a closer view of the area)

Anatomical References Quiz:Now that you have reviewed sections 1 and 2, it is time to test your knowledge. For this quiz, write the correct anatomical term in the corresponding boxes pointing to various places on the pig diagram.

Sexing Your Pig Quiz:

Pelvic Region Caudal Region Cranial Region Pectoral Region

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Name __________________________________ Per. ______ Date ___________________________

Now that you have reviewed sections 1 and 2, it is time to test your knowledge. For this quiz, decide whether the statements are true or false regarding sexing your fetal pig. Circle the correct response.

1. An easy way to determine the sex of a fetal pig is to check for the absence or presence of nipples.True False

2. Only the male fetal pig has a urogenital opening.True False

3. The male fetal pig has a developing scrotal sac, a penis, and a urogenital papilla.True False

4. This is a female pig (image to the right).True False

Digestive System: *Click on the head of the pig*1. What are the paired nares?

2. What is the function of the papillae?

*Forward*3. Where is the epiglottis located?

*Start Over* ● *Click on Abdomen*4. Which organs are highlighted on the picture once the cut is made through the

peritoneal membrane?

*Forward*5. What’s visible underneath the liver?

6. What is the location and function of the gall bladder?

7. What occurs in the small intestine?

*Forward*8. What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

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9. Which organ filters out and destroys dead blood cells?

*Forward*10.What is the function of the umbilical arteries?

11.Why is the pancreas important?

12.What is the last part of the large intestine that stores solid waste?

*Forward*13.Why is the mesentery a purplish color?

*Start Over* ● *Close the Digestive System Study Guide*Excretory System:1. What are the kidneys responsible for?

2. What else do the kidneys do?

3. Which blood vessel carries unfiltered blood to the kidneys?

4. What is the function of the ureters?

5. Where is the urine stored?

6. How does urine exit the bladder?

*Close the Excretory System Study Guide*Respiratory System:1. Trace the pathway by listing the structures air takes going into the pig’s body.

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2. How does the diaphragm function to bring air into the lungs?

*Close the Respiratory System Study Guide*Circulatory System:1. What is the circulatory system responsible for?

2. What does the thymus gland do? What happens to it later in life?

3. What causes heart attacks?

4. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

5. Trace the pathway blood takes from the body through the heart and back to the body.

*Close the Circulatory System Study Guide* Reproductive System:Female1. What are the functions of the ovaries?

2. What happens to fertilized eggs inside of the uterus?

Male3. What are the functions of the testicles?

*Close the Reproductive System Study Guide*Quiz Time:Open the Digestive System Quiz and complete the questions.

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Name __________________________________ Per. ______ Date ___________________________

Results from the quiz: _______ Correct _______ Incorrect Open the Excretory System Quiz:You must complete Part 1 correctly to move on to Part 2. You must complete Part 2 correctly to move on to Part 3.

Part 3: Draw how the parts of the puzzle for the excretory system fit together properly in the space below.

Open the Circulatory System Quiz:Write the correct sequence for the flow of blood.

Open the Respiratory System Quiz:What are the functions for the following (according to the quiz): 1. Lungs –

2. Bronchi –

3. Diaphragm –

4. Nares –

5. Trachea –

1. Because chewing begins the breakdown of food before it is swallowed, digestion starts in the mouth and throat. Which of the following systems aid most in this early stage of digestion? a. Immune systemb. Excretory systemc. Muscular systemd. Respiratory system

Skeletal, Muscular, Circulatory

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2. The list above shows the most important systems used when a rat takes a step. Which of these should also be included in the list above? A EndocrineB ReproductiveC DigestiveD Nervous

3. How is the circulatory system related to the digestive system in a rat? a. The brain stem controls the heart rate.b. Stomach muscles contract and expand.c. Blood carries nutrients to body cells.d. The pharynx is a passageway for air and food.

_4. Animals in the wild must be able to store large amounts of energy because they may go for

some time without finding food. Their long-term store of energy is in the form of lipids. Plants store energy for use over the winter in the form of carbohydrates such as starch. What is the advantage to animals of storing energy in the form of lipids rather than carbohydrates for long-term energy needs?A. Lipids can be used in different parts of the cellB. Lipids are much easer to digestC. Lipids contain more calories per gramD. Lipids are insoluble in aqueous parts of the blood

5. What two human systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste products?A. Nervous and endocrineB. Muscular and skeletalC. Respiratory and circulatoryD. Excretory and integumentary