Peace Corps 'The 2002 Report of Volunteer Safety' The Safety of the Volunteer 2002

8/9/2019 Peace Corps 'The 2002 Report of Volunteer Safety' The Safety of the Volunteer 2002

1/24

Qcb >??>Gffrgi ^bpd~q

dhXdirfqbb~Ughbq{

_bgebEd~pu


2/24


3/24

EDFQBFQU

Bsberqkxb Urllg~{&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&k

Xdirfqbb~u _b~ebpqkdf dh Ughbq{&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&kk

D~`gfk}gqkdf dh qcb Dhhkeb dh Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&kx

Edrfq~kbu Pcb~b _bgeb Ed~pu Xdirfqbb~u Ub~xb:

Idegqkdfu dh _bgeb Ed~pu Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{ Dhhkeb~u &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&x

Qcb >??> Gffrgi ^bpd~q

dh Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{

Kfq~dareqkdf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7

Cd Guugriq Bxbfqu G~b ^bed~aba &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&5

Lgmd~ Guugriq Bxbfqu kf >??> &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1

Lgmd~ Ubsrgi Guugriq BxbfquQ~bfau gfa Edfq~guqu &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1

Lgmd~ _c{ukegi Guugriq BxbfquQ~bfau gfa Edfq~guqu&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3

Cdlkekabu&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&77

Lkfd~ Guugriq Bxbfqu &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&77

_bqq{ E~klbu&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&77

Urllg~{ dh Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{ Q~bfau&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7>

Edfeirukdf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&75


4/24

7 Qcbub ~b`kdfu g~b abue~knba kf abqgki kf qcb _bgeb Ed~pu Edf`~buukdfgi Nra`bq Mruqkhkegqkdf hd~ hkuegi {bg~ >??1&

Bsbe

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rllg

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Qcb >??> Gffrgi ^bpd~qdh Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{

Dxb~xkb

Pd~jkf` qd lgsklk}b qcb ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ dh dr~ Xdirfqbb~u ku qcb qdp p~kd~,

kq{ dh qcb _bgeb Ed~pu&

Kf >??>) g ubpg~gqb Dhhkeb dh Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{ gu buqgnikucba n{ qcb _bgeb

Ed~pu ak~beqd~& Qcb lkuukdf dh qcb dhhkeb ku qd hduqb~ klp~dxba edllrfkegqkdf)

edd~akfgqkdf) dxb~uk`cq) gfa geedrfqgnkikq{ hd~ gii dh qcb _bgeb Ed~pu ughbq{

gfa uber~kq{ bhhd~qu& Dfb dh qcb ~bupdfuknkikqkbu dh qcb Dhhkeb dh Ughbq{ gfa

Uber~kq{ ku qd eg~bhrii{ q~gej gii guugriq bxbfqu g`gkfuq Xdirfqbb~u) gfa qcku

gffrgi Xdirfqbb~ ughbq{ ~bpd~q p~dxkabu urllg~{ uqgqkuqkeu hd~ egibfag~ {bg~

>??>& Kq giud p~dxkabu kfhd~lgqkdf df q~bfau dxb~ qcb p~bxkdru uks {bg~u kf gii

qc~bb dh qcb _bgeb Ed~pu ~b`kdfu= qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf: qcb Kfqb~,Glb~keg gfa qcb

_gekhke #KG_+ ~b`kdf: gfa qcb Br~dpb) Lbakqb~~gfbgf) gfa Gukg ~b`kdf #BLG+&7

Qcb qdhdia dnmbeqkxb dh qcb prnikegqkdf ku qd= #g+ kabfqkh{ gfa gfgi{}b q~bfau kf

ughbq{ edfakqkdfu gldf` kf,ub~xkeb Xdirfqbb~u: gfa #n+ qd p~dxkab rubhri hbba,

ngej df qcb fdqba q~bfau kf gf bhhd~q qd urppd~q qcb q~gkfkf` gfa baregqkdf dh

Xdirfqbb~u gfa uqghh&

Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu d~ju kf udlb dh qcb ibguq abxbidpba edrfq~kbu gfa kf udlb

dh qcb lduq ~bldqb g~bgu kf qcb d~ia& Dr~ ecgiibf`b ku qd dpb~gqb qcb _bgeb

Ed~pu kf g g{ qcgq lkfklk}bu ~kuju gfa lgsklk}bu uber~kq{ ckib giud p~dxka,

kf` g lbgfkf`hri bspb~kbfeb hd~ dr~ Xdirfqbb~u gfa qcbk~ cduq edllrfkqkbu&

@kxbf qcb bfxk~dflbfqu kf ckec b d~j) qcb hdiidkf` hkfakf`u kfakegqb qcgq

qcb _bgeb Ed~pu cgu adfb bii kf lbbqkf` qcku ecgiibf`b& Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu cgu

ubbf g urnuqgfqkgi abe~bgub kf lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu dxb~ qcb pguq uks

{bg~u gfa ku pibguba qd ubb qcgq qcku q{pb dh guugriq bxbfq ku q~bfakf` kf qcb ~k`cq

ak~beqkdfadf n{ 5?" ukfeb 7;;0& Lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu) kqc lkfd~

hireqrgqkdfu) cgxb ~blgkfba uqbga{ dxb~ qcb iguq uks {bg~u& Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu kii

edfqkfrb qd q~gej guugriq bxbfqu df Xdirfqbb~u gfa rub qcku kfhd~lgqkdf qd

abxbidp fb pdikekbu) p~debar~bu) gfa q~gkfkf` ldaribu gu bii gu guubuu qcb

uber~kq{ bfxk~dflbfq dh qcb qc~bb ~b`kdfu&


5/24

Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{= Qcb Dxb~g~eckf` _~kd~kq{Ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ kuurbu g~b hrii{ kfqb`~gqba kf gii gupbequ dh Xdirfqbb~

~be~rkqlbfq) q~gkfkf`) gfa ub~xkeb) kqc blpcguku df qgjkf` pb~udfgi ~bupdfuk,

nkikq{ gq gii qklbu gfa guuklkigqkf` kfqd edllrfkqkbu& Kfhd~lgqkdf p~dxkaba

qc~dr`cdrq qcb p~debuuqd ~be~rkqb~u) df qcb ~be~rkqlbfq bnukqb) kf p~kfqba

gppikegqkdf lgqb~kgiu) kfhd~lgqkdfgi nddjibqu gfa baregqkdfgi xkabdu) gfa ar~,

kf` g fb qd,ag{ p~b,abpg~qr~b d~kbfqgqkdf gfa qcb qc~bb,ldfqc kf,edrfq~{

q~gkfkf`kfeirabu qcb jb{ lbuug`b qcgq nbkf` g Xdirfqbb~ kfxdixbu ~kuj&

Xdirfqbb~u egf gfa g~b bspbeqba qd gadpq ughb ikhbuq{ibu) gfa qcb _bgeb Ed~pu

cgu gf bhhbeqkxb ughbq{ urppd~q u{uqbl kf pigeb&

Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu rubu hdr~ jb{ biblbfqu kf buqgnikuckf` gfa lgkfqgkfkf` kqu

ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ h~glbd~j hd~ Xdirfqbb~u gfa uqghh= agqg gfgi{uku) pigffkf`)

q~gkfkf`) gfa edlpikgfeb& Ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ kfhd~lgqkdf ku q~gejba gfa gfg,

i{}ba df gf df`dkf` nguku& Qcb agqg gfgi{uku ku ruba qd bfcgfeb bskuqkf` pdik,

ekbu d~ abxbidp fb pdikekbu gfa p~debar~bu) gu fbbaba& Ghqb~ eg~bhri pigffkf`)

ecgf`bu g~b kfqb`~gqba qc~dr`cdrq qcb g`bfe{& Qcb q~gkfkf` dh Xdirfqbb~ukfeirabu qcb lduq rp,qd,agqb ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ kfhd~lgqkdf gxgkignib& Iguq)

edlpikgfeb ku buubfqkgi qd bfur~b qcgq ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ lbgur~bu g~b

gacb~ba qd gfa ~blgkf g qdp p~kd~kq{ dxb~ qcb edr~ub dh qklb& Bgec dh qcbub

edlpdfbfqu cbipu e~bgqb g h~glbd~j qd ughb`rg~a qcb bii,nbkf` dh

Xdirfqbb~u gfa uqghh) bfgnikf` qcbl qd eg~~{ drq qcb _bgeb Ed~pu lkuukdf&

Xdirfqbb~u _b~ebpqkdf dh Ughbq{

Kf ik`cq dh qcb p~kd~kq{ qcb _bgeb Ed~pu pigebu df ughbq{ kuurbu) kq ku cbiphri qd

edfukab~ qcb Xdirfqbb~u pb~udfgi pb~ebpqkdf dh ughbq{ edfakqkdfu ar~kf` qcbk~

_bgeb Ed~pu ub~xkeb& Qcb >??> _bgeb Ed~pu Xdirfqbb~ Ur~xb{ gu ubfq qd gii

_bgeb Ed~pu Xdirfqbb~u qd ediibeq qcbk~ hbbangej df qcb bhhkekbfe{ gfa bhhbe,

qkxbfbuu dh _bgeb Ed~pu dpb~gqkdfu& Qcb ur~xb{ ku gf gfdf{ldru) ubih,galkfku,

qb~ba wrbuqkdffgk~b gfa kfeirabu wrbuqkdfu ~b`g~akf` kuurbu urec gu q~gkfkf`

bspb~kbfebu) p~dmbeq guuk`flbfqu) gfa ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{& Fbg~i{ gii ~bupdf,abfqu qd qcb wrbuqkdffgk~b ~bpd~qba qcgq qcb{ hbbi gq ibguq gabwrgqbi{ ughb

cb~b qcb{ ikxb #;0"+ gfa cb~b qcb{ d~j #;;"+& Lduq ~bupdfabfqu #31"+

~bpd~qba qcgq qcb{ giud hbbi gq ibguq gabwrgqbi{ ughb cbf q~gxbikf`&

kk


6/24


7/24

kx

BsberqkxbGuukuqgfq Edlpikgfeb

Dhhkeb~--

Guudekgqb

Ak~beqd~-

- ^bpd~qu qd _E Ak~beqd~

-- ^bpd~qu qd _E Ak~beqd~ qc~dr`c Eckbh dh Dpb~gqkdfu$Uqghh

--- Edfqkfrkq{ dh Dpb~gqkdfu _igf

Uber~kq{Upbekgikuq

_bgeb Ed~puUghbq{ gfa Uber~kq{

Dhhkeb~uAgqg Guukuqgfq

---EDD_---Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{

Urppd~q

Adlbuqke _c{ukegi

Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{

_b~udffbi Uber~kq{Kfxbuqk`gqkdfu

gfa Gamrakegqkdfu

Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{ gfaDxb~ubgu Uber~kq{

Akxkukdf

^bubg~ec_u{ecdid`kuq

Blb~`bfe{_~bpg~bafbuu

_igfu) Q~gkfkf`) gfaBsb~ekub Akxkukdf

Kfhd~lgqkdf gfa_b~udffbi Uber~kq{

Akxkukdf

Kfhd~lgqkdf gfa _b~udffbi Uber~kq{ Akxkukdf

Qcku akxkukdf ku ~bupdfuknib hd~ lgkfqgkfkf` eiguukhkba kfhd~lgqkdf gfa uqghh

q~gkfkf` kf qcb cgfaikf` dh urec lgqb~kgiu) ckec kfeirabu cd qd ughb`rg~a)

p~bpg~b) uqd~b) gfa q~gfulkq eiguukhkba agqg& Qcb akxkukdf giud pb~hd~lu uber~k,q{ ngej`~drfa kfxbuqk`gqkdfu hd~ kfakxkargiu ubbjkf` g uber~kq{ eibg~gfeb d~

d~jpigeb geebuu qd _bgeb Ed~pu cbgawrg~qb~u&

Blb~`bfe{ _~bpg~bafbuu _igfu) Q~gkfkf`)

gfa Bsb~ekub Akxkukdf

Qcku akxkukdf dxb~ubbu qcb abxbidplbfq dh g Edfqkfrkq{ dh Dpb~gqkdfu _igf kf

ikfb kqc hbab~gi rkabikfbu gfa lgfg`bu gii blb~`bfe{ p~bpg~bafbuu pigfu gfaq~gkfkf` hd~ _bgeb Ed~pu cbgawrg~qb~u) qcb ~b`kdfgi ~be~rkqkf` dhhkebu) gfa qcb

ukqrgqkdf ~ddl&

D~`gfk}gqkdf dh qcbDhhkeb dh Ughbq{ gfa Uber~kq{


8/24


9/24

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51

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15

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13

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2820

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87

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2? Lgebadfkg) Hd~lb~

[r`duigx ^bprnike dh

27 Gingfkg

2> @bd~`kg

25 G~lbfkg

21 G}b~ngkmgf

22 Jg}gjcuqgf

28 R}nbjkuqgf

20 Qr~jlbfkuqgf

23 J{~`{} bprnike

Gukg2; Ldf`dikg

8? Eckfg-

87 Fbpgi

8> Ngf`igabuc

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_gekhke Kuigfau82 Bguq Qkld~

88 Lke~dfbukg) Hbab~gqba

Uqgqbu dh) gfa _gigr

80 Jk~kngqk

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8; Qdf`g0? Xgfrgqr

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_bgeb Ed~puUghbq{ gfa Uber~kq{Dhhkeb~u

3 Bi Ugixgad~

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13 ^dlgfkg

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Bgec pduq kii cgxb g ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ edd~akfgqd~ n{ qcb bfa dh >??5&


10/24

Qcb >??>Gffrgi ^bpd~q

dhXdirfqbb~Ughbq{


11/24

7

Kf qcb _bgeb Ed~pu 1>,{bg~ ckuqd~{ 70?)??? Xdirfqbb~u cgxb ub~xba kf 758

edrfq~kbu) gilduq gig{u rfab~ edfakqkdfu dh cg~auckp& Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu d~ju

kf udlb dh qcb ibguq abxbidpba edrfq~kbu gfa kf udlb dh qcb lduq ~bldqb g~bgu

kf qcb d~ia& Cbgiqc) ughbq{) gfa uber~kq{ ~kuju g~b gf rfgxdkagnib gupbeq dh xdi,

rfqbb~ ub~xkeb& Dr~ ecgiibf`b ku qd dpb~gqb qcb _bgeb Ed~pu kf g g{ qcgq lkf,

klk}bu ~kuju gfa lgsklk}bu uber~kq{ ckib giud p~dxkakf` g lbgfkf`hri bspb~k,

bfeb hd~ dr~ Xdirfqbb~u gfa qcbk~ cduq edllrfkqkbu& @kxbf qcb bfxk~dflbfqu kf

ckec b d~j) qcb hdiidkf` hkfakf`u kfakegqb qcgq qcb _bgeb Ed~pu cgu adfb

bii kf lbbqkf` qcku ecgiibf`b&

Kf >??>) rfibuu dqcb~kub fdqba) kfekabfeb ku ~bpd~qba rukf` bxbfqu pb~ 7??

Xdirfqbb~$Q~gkfbb,[bg~u #X$Q,[bg~u+ gu qcb abfdlkfgqd~& X$Q,[bg~u ku g lbgur~b

dh pb~udf,qklb qcgq geedrfqu hd~ ndqc qcb frlnb~ dh Xdirfqbb~u #_EXu+ gfa qcb

ibf`qc dh qklb bgec _EX ku gq ~kuj hd~ g ughbq{ bxbfq& Bgec Xdirfqbb~ edfq~knrqbu

dfi{ gu lrec pb~udf,qklb #X$Q,[bg~u+ qd qcb pdprigqkdf gq ~kuj hd~ g ughbq{

bxbfq gu cb d~ ucb ku geqrgii{ gq ~kuj hd~ qcgq bxbfq& Hd~ bsglpib) kh g _EX ibgxbu

ghqb~ uks ldfqcu) cb$ucb ku gq ~kuj dfi{ ar~kf` qcb uks,ldfqc pb~kda cb$ucb ku

p~bubfq gfa edfq~knrqbu dfi{ cgih g X$Q,[bg~& Kh g _EX edlpibqbu qd hrii {bg~u)

cb$ucb edfq~knrqbu qd hrii X$Q,[bg~u& Kfekabfeb pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u giidu agqg

qd nb edlpg~ba kf g`b,) ubs,) ~b`kdf,) gfa edrfq~{,upbekhke gfgi{ubu&

Qcku ku g urllg~{ dh qcb gffrgi ~bpd~q p~dareba n{ qcb _bgeb Ed~pu Dhhkeb dh

Lbakegi Ub~xkebu kf eddpb~gqkdf kqc qcb Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{ gfa Dxb~ubgu

Uber~kq{ #XUDU+ akxkukdf hd~ rub n{ ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ upbekgikuqu) _bgeb Ed~pu

lbakegi dhhkeb~u #_ELDu+) _bgeb Ed~pu Xdirfqbb~u) gfa dqcb~ g`bfe{ uqghh& Qcb

er~~bfq kuurb p~dxkabu urllg~{ kfhd~lgqkdf hd~ egibfag~ {bg~ >??> gfa q~bfa

kfhd~lgqkdf dxb~ qklb& Qcb pr~pdub dh qcb ~bpd~q ku= #7+ qd aderlbfq gfa gfg,

i{}b q~bfau kf ughbq{ edfakqkdfu gldf` kf,ub~xkeb Xdirfqbb~u) gfa #>+ qd p~dxkabhbbangej edfeb~fkf` qcbub q~bfau kf g hd~lgq qcgq ku rubhri hd~ q~gkfkf` gfa bar,

egqkdf dh Xdirfqbb~u gfa uqghh&

Qcb agqg ruba qd p~bpg~b qcku ~bpd~q edlbu h~dl ubxb~gi udr~ebu= #7+ kfakxka,

rgi guugriq bxbfqu ~bpd~qba xkg qcb Guugriq Fdqkhkegqkdf gfa Ur~xbkiigfeb U{uqbl

#GFUU+) #>+ ldfqci{ Bpkablkdid`ke Ur~xbkiigfeb U{uqbl #BUU+ ~bpd~qu) gfa

#5+ qcb DLU Abgqcu kf Ub~xkeb agqgngub& Qcb Ur~xbkiigfeb gfa Bpkablkdid`{

Rfkq dh DLU p~dxkaba agqg lgfg`blbfq gfa gfgi{uku&

Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu d~ju

qd lkfklk}b ~kuj gfa

lgsklk}b uber~kq{ ckib

p~dxkakf` g lbgfkf`hri

bspb~kbfeb hd~

Xdirfqbb~u gfa qcbk~cduq edllrfkqkbu&

Kfekabfeb ku ~bpd~qba

rukf` bxbfqu pb~ 7??

Xdirfqbb~$Q~gkfbb,[bg~u

#X$Q,[bg~u+& X$Q,[bg~u kug lbgur~b dh pb~udf,

qklb qcgq geedrfqu hd~

ndqc qcb frlnb~ dh

Xdirfqbb~u gfa qcb

ibf`qc dh qklb bgec

Xdirfqbb~ ku gq ~kuj hd~

g ughbq{ bxbfq&

Kfq~dareqkdf


12/24

Qcb GFUU agqgngub lgfg`bu kfhd~lgqkdf gndrq upbekhke guugriq bxbfqu

g`gkfuq Xdirfqbb~u) gfa hd~ gfgi{uku pr~pdubu cgu hdr~ lgmd~ kfekabfq egqb,

`d~kbu= #7+ lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq) #>+ lkfd~ ubsrgi guugriq) #5+ lgmd~ pc{ukegi

guugriq) gfa #1+ lkfd~ pc{ukegi guugriq& Pb akuqkf`rkuc nbqbbf lgmd~ guugriq

gfa lkfd~ guugriq bxbfquckec kfeirab qckf`u ikjb qc~bgqbfkf` xb~ngi

gqqgeju gfa rfgfqba pc{ukegi qdreckf`kf d~ab~ qd lduq geer~gqbi{ guubuu

qcb pdqbfqkgi ~kuju qd Xdirfqbb~u& Gfa kq ku hd~ qcku ~bgudf qcgq qcb p~klg~{

hderu dh qcb ~bpd~q ku lgmd~ guugriq bxbfqu&

Qcb~b g~b gq ibguq hdr~ iklkqgqkdfu df kfqb~p~bqkf` qcb agqg p~bubfqba kf qcku~bpd~q& Hk~uq) edlpg~kf` kfekabfeb gldf` edrfq~kbu ku lduq xgika hd~ edrfq~kbu

qcgq cgxb uklkig~ frlnb~u dh Xdirfqbb~u& Ubedfa) kfekabfeb kf edrfq~kbu qcgq

cgxb hb X$Q,[bg~u ku ibuu p~bekub qcgf kfekabfeb kf edrfq~kbu kqc lgf{ X$Q,

[bg~u gfa ucdria qcb~bhd~b nb kfqb~p~bqba kqc egrqkdf&

G qck~a iklkqgqkdf ~bigqbu qd ubibeqkxb ~bpd~qkf` dh ughbq{ bxbfqu n{ Xdirfqbb~u&

Abxbidpkf` gfa klpiblbfqkf` uq~gqb`kbu qd klp~dxb ughbq{ bxbfq ~bpd~qkf` cgxb

nbbf kabfqkhkba gu jb{ p~kd~kqkbu dh qcb _bgeb Ed~pu Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{ Edrfekigfa kf qcb _bgeb Ed~pu Lgfrgi&

G hdr~qc iklkqgqkdf ~bigqbu qd qcb lkueiguukhkegqkdf dh ~bpd~qgnib ughbq{ bxbfqu&

Giqcdr`c p~bekub egub abhkfkqkdfu g~b p~dxkaba hd~ eiguukh{kf` ~bpd~qgnib bxbfqu)

Xdirfqbb~u lg{ uqkii ~bpd~q bxbfqu kqcdrq akxri`kf` gii qcb abqgkiu dh gf guugriq)

ud qcgq qcb bxbfq ku eiguukhkba kfed~~beqi{& Cdbxb~) qcb bhhbeq dh gf{ ~bpd~qkf`

nkgu egf nb lkfklk}ba n{ p~dxkakf` ~bpbgqba q~gkfkf` ubuukdfu qd Xdirfqbb~u

qcgq blpcguk}b qcb abqgkiu dh ughbq{ bxbfq ~bpd~qkf`&

Ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ upbekgikuqu) _ELDu) edrfq~{ ak~beqd~u) gfa ~b`kdfgi uqghh g~b

bspbeqba qd ~bxkb qcb kfekabfeb dh ughbq{ bxbfqu kf qcbk~ ~bupbeqkxb edrfq~kbu&

XUDU gfa DLU uqghh g~b gxgkignib hd~ edfuriqgqkdf df q~bfau dh edfeb~f d~ hd~

akueruukdfu gndrq pduuknib ughbq{ kfqb~xbfqkdfu&

XUDU gfa guuk fba ~b kdfgi ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ dhhkeb~u g~b giud gxgkignib gu

~budr~ebu hd~ pduqu ubbjkf` qd klpiblbfq klp~dxba ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ p~geqkebu&

>

Egqb`d~kbu dh

Guugriq Ruba kfQcku ^bpd~q

Lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq=

Qcku egqb`d~{ kfeirabu

~gpb) gqqblpqba ~gpb)

hd~eba d~gi ubs) gfa

ubsrgi guugriq kf ckec

g bgpdf gu ruba)

pc{ukegi kfmr~{ ~buriqba)d~ urnuqgfqkgi hd~eb gu

ruba n{ qcb xkeqkl qd

akubf`g`b qcb guugkigfq&

Lkfd~ ubsrgi guugriq=


gii dqcb~ guugriqu kf ckec

qcb guugkigfq cga edfqgeq

kqc qcb `bfkqgiu$pb~kfbgi

g~bg d~ n~bguqu dh qcbXdirfqbb~& Rfgfqba

jkuukf` ku giud kfeiraba

kf qcku egqb`d~{&

Lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq=


g``~gxgqba guugriqu gfa

guugriqu qcgq ~buriqba kf

cdupkqgik}gqkdf hd~ ld~b

qcgf qd ag{u) kfmr~kbu

qcgq ~bwrk~ba S,~g{u qd

abqb~lkfb kh ndfbu b~b

n~djbf) kfmr~kbu qcgq

~bwrk~ba urqr~kf` dh

igeb~gqkdfu) gfa guugriqu

kf ckec qcb Xdirfqbb~

cga qd rub urnuqgfqkgi

hd~eb qd akubf`g`b qcb

guugkigfq&

Lkfd~ pc{ukegi guugriq=


gii dqcb~ uklpib pc{ukegi

guugriqu fdq eiguukhkba gu

lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriqu&


13/24

5

Cd Guugriq Bxbfqu G~b ^bed~aba

Guugriqu g~b ~bed~aba qc~dr`c qcb _bgeb Ed~pu Guugriq Fdqkhkegqkdf gfa

Ur~xbkiigfeb U{uqbl& Kf qcb GFUU) qcb _ELD ~bpd~qu bgec guugriq bxbfq gu g ubs,

rgi guugriq gfa$d~ g pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfq rukf` qcb egub abhkfkqkdfu p~dxkaba&

Qcb GFUU abhkfbu hkxb q{pbu dh ubsrgi guugriq #~gpb) hd~eba d~gi ubs) gqqblpqba

~gpb) lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq) gfa lkfd~ ubsrgi guugriq+ gfa qc~bb q{pbu dh pc{ukegi

guugriq #g``~gxgqba guugriq) lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq) gfa lkfd~ pc{ukegi guugriq+&

Qcb GFUU ku ruba qd ediibeq upbekhke kfhd~lgqkdf gndrq guugriq bxbfqu) gu bii

gu upbekhke kfhd~lgqkdf gndrq guugriqba Xdirfqbb~u) ~b`g~aibuu dh qcb frlnb~ dh

Xdirfqbb~u kfxdixba kf gf bxbfq& Cdbxb~) hd~ ~bpd~qkf` pr~pdubu) cbf ubxb~,

gi Xdirfqbb~u g~b kfxdixba kf gf bxbfq) qcb Xdirfqbb~ qd nb kabfqkhkba gu qcb

kfabs Xdirfqbb~ kf qcb GFUU ~bpd~q ku abqb~lkfba rukf` g ~bpd~qkf` ckb~g~ec{&

Kf qcb ckb~g~ec{) ubsrgi guugriqu cgxb p~kd~kq{ dxb~ pc{ukegi guugriqu: ~gpbu gfa

g``~gxgqba guugriqu cgxb qcb ck`cbuq p~kd~kq{ kqckf qcbk~ ~bupbeqkxb egqb`d~kbu

#ubsrgi d~ pc{ukegi+&

Qcku ~bpd~q hderubu df lgmd~ guugriq bxbfqu #ndqc ubsrgi gfa pc{ukegi+

nbegrub qcbub ~bp~bubfq qcb `~gxbuq qc~bgqu qd Xdirfqbb~ ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{&

Q~bfau dnub~xba hd~ lkfd~ ubsrgi gfa lkfd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu) cbf

~bpd~qba) ucdria nb kfqb~p~bqba egrqkdrui{ nbegrub qcbub g~b ld~b uruebpqk,

nib qd qcb xg~kgnkikq{ kf ~bpd~qkf` qcgq deer~u dxb~ qklb gfa h~dl edrfq~{ qd

edrfq~{&

Kf qcku ~bpd~q) kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ku bsp~buuba pb~ 7??

hblgib X$Q,[bg~u nbegrub dlbf g~b gq lrec `~bgqb~ ~kuj hd~ lgmd~ ubsrgiguugriqu qcgf lbf& Qcb rub dh hblgib,upbekhke kfekabfeb ~gqbu nbqqb~ ecg~geqb~,

k}bu qcb ~kuj dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq& Kfekabfeb dh ~gpb ku bsp~buuba pb~ 7)???

hblgib X$Q,[bg~u nbegrub dh qcb ~bigqkxbi{ id h~bwrbfe{ dh qcku q{pb dh ubsrgi

guugriq bxbfq&

Gf{ kfe~bgubu kf kfekabfeb dh guugriq bxbfqu #ndqc ubsrgi gfa pc{ukegi+ lg{

nb arb kf pg~q qd ecgf`bu kf ~bpd~qkf` ibxbiu n{ Xdirfqbb~u d~ n{ _bgeb Ed~pu

uqghh& XUDU cgu edd~akfgqba urn~b`kdfgi ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ d~jucdpu hd~ndqc uqghh gfa Xdirfqbb~u qd ~bkfhd~eb qcb klpd~qgfeb dh guugriq bxbfq ~bpd~q,

kf`) gfa qbglu cgxb abxkuba geqkdf pigfu qd klp~dxb ~bpd~qkf`& Kf gaakqkdf)

akik`bfq bhhd~qu cgxb nbbf lgab qd bfur~b qcgq gii guugriq bxbfqu g~b ~bpd~qba

kf qcb GFUU& Gii ldfqci{ ughbq{ ~bpd~qu g~b ~bxkbba qd abqb~lkfb cbqcb~

gii edlpibqba GFUU egub ~bpd~qu cgxb nbbf ~bebkxba) gfa gf{ lkuukf` ~bpd~qu

g~b ~drqkfbi{ ~bwrbuqba&


14/24

?&?

?&2

7&?

7&2

>&?

>&2

>??>>??7>???7;;;7;;37;;07;;87;;27;;17;;57;;>7;;7

Lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu

Lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu

Bxbfqupb~7??X$Q,[bg~u

1

Lgmd~ Guugriq Bxbfqu kf >??>

Lgmd~ Ubsrgi Guugriq BxbfquQ~bfau gfa Edfq~guqu

Dxb~xkb

Kf qcb lka,7;;?u) qcb _bgeb Ed~pu nb`gf qd ~bkfhd~eb qcb klpd~qgfeb dh ~kuj

~bareqkdf q~gkfkf` ar~kf` Xdirfqbb~u p~b,ub~xkeb gfa kf,ub~xkeb q~gkfkf`

~b`g~akf` ubsrgi guugriqu& Gu g ~buriq) qcb _bgeb Ed~pu cgu ubbf g uk`fkhkegfq

abe~bgub kf lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu dxb~ qcb pguq uks {bg~u gfa ku pibguba

qd ubb qcgq qcku q{pb dh guugriq bxbfq ku q~bfakf` kf qcb ~k`cq ak~beqkdfadf

n{ 5?" ukfeb 7;;0& ^gpb bxbfqu a~dppba 73" h~dl >??7 qd >??>& Dxb~gii) ~gpb

bxbfqu cgxb abe~bguba n{ 1?" ukfeb 7;;0& Lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu

abe~bguba n{ >0" h~dl >??7 qd >??>&

Dxb~gii) ~gpb bxbfqu

cgxb abe~bguba n{

1?" ukfeb 7;;0&

Kf >??> qcb _bgeb

Ed~pu ~bpd~qba

g ibxbikf` dhh kf

lgmd~ pc{ukegi

guugriq bxbfqu gfa

g urnuqgfqkgi abeikfb

kf lgmd~ ubsrgi

guugriq bxbfquedlpg~ba kqc >??7&

Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{ Q~bfauKfekabfeb dh Lgmd~ Guugriq Bxbfqu 7;;7>??>

Qcb pc{ukegi guugriq egqb`d~{ kfeirabu g``~gxgqba guugriq kf qcb ~bpd~qkf`& Qcb ubsrgi

guugriq egqb`d~{ kfeirabu ~gpb kf qcb ~bpd~qkf & _~kd~ qd 7;;5) ~gqbu pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u

b~b ruba gu gf gpp~dsklgqkdf dh X$Q,[bg~u&


15/24

2

Qcb~b b~b 5> ~bpd~qba lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu gldf` _bgeb Ed~pu

Xdirfqbb~u d~iakab ar~kf` >??>& Hd~ 57 #;0"+) qcb xkeqkl gu g hblgib

Xdirfqbb~) {kbiakf` gf kfekabfeb dh ?&3 pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u&

Dh qcb 5> lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ~bpd~qba ar~kf` >??>) 7> #53"+ b~b

edlpibqba ~gpbu) qd #8"+ b~b gqqblpqba ~gpbu) dfb #5"+ gu g egub dh

hd~eba d~gi ubs) gfa 70 #25"+ b~b lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriqu kfxdixkf` kfmr~{ qd

qcb xkeqkl) gqqgej kqc g bgpdf) d~ rub dh urnuqgfqkgi hd~eb qd akubf`g`b qcb

guugkigfq #~gpb fdq edlpibqba+&

Bsglkfkf` ~b`kdfgi q~bfau) qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ar~kf`

>??> ~bigqkxb qd >??7 abe~bguba kf gii qc~bb ~b`kdfu& Kf qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf) qcb

kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu kf >??> #?&0 pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+

gu 5?" ibuu qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf >??7 #7&? pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+) gfa

58" ibuu qcgf qcb kfekabfeb ~bpd~qba kf 7;;0 #7&7 pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+&

Kf qcb BLG ~b`kdf kf >??>) qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu #?&8

pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+ gu 55" ibuu qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf ndqc >??7 gfa

7;;0 #?&; pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+& Kf qcb KG_ ~b`kdf kf >??>) qcb kfekabfeb#7&7 pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+ gu 72" ibuu qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf >??7 #7&5

pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+) gfa 57" ibuu qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf 7;;0 #7&8 pb~

7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+&

?

>

1

8

>??>>??7>???7;;;7;;37;;07;;87;;27;;17;;5

Frlnb~ dh bxbfqu

Bxbfqupb~7)??

?hblgibX$Q,[bg~u

Qcb kfekabfeb dh

lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq

bxbfqu kf >??>abe~bguba >0"

h~dl >??7&

Xdirfqbb~ Ughbq{ Q~bfauKfekabfeb dh ^bpd~qba ^gpb Bxbfqu 7;;5>??> Frlnb~ dh ^bpd~qba

^gpb Bxbfqu 7;;5,>??>

7;;5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7?

7;;1 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&8

7;;2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&;

7;;8 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&75

7;;0 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&>?

7;;3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7;

7;;; &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7?

>??? &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7;

>??7 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&78

>??> &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&7>


16/24

8

Qcb~b b~b 7> ~bpd~qba ~gpb bxbfqu d~iakab ar~kf` >??>& Qcb xkeqkl gu g

hblgib Xdirfqbb~ kf gii 7> bxbfqu) {kbiakf` gf kfekabfeb dh 5&> pb~ 7)??? hblgib

X$Q,[bg~u& Qcku ~bp~bubfqu gf 73" abe~bgub h~dl qcb kfekabfeb ~bpd~qba ar~,

kf` >??7 #5&; pb~ 7)??? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+&

^b`kdf

Bsglkfkf` qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ar~kf` qcb lduq ~bebfq

uks,{bg~ pb~kda #7;;0>??>+) qcb ck`cbuq ~bpd~qba kfekabfeb deer~~ba kf qcb

KG_ ~b`kdf #7&5 pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+& Qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgiguugriq bxbfqu kf qcb KG_ ~b`kdf ar~kf` qcku pb~kda gu 85" `~bgqb~ qcgf qcb

kfekabfeb kf bkqcb~ qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf d~ qcb BLG ~b`kdf #?&3 pb~ 7?? hblgib

X$Q,[bg~u+& Edfukuqbfqi{ bgec {bg~) qcb KG_ ~b`kdf cgu cga g ck`cb~ kfekabfeb

dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu qcgf cgu qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf d~ qcb BLG ~b`kdf&

G`b

Qcb ~kuj hd~ lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ku ck`cbuq gldf` {drf`b~ hblgib

Xdirfqbb~u& Qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu gu ck`cbuq gldf`

hblgib Xdirfqbb~u >1 {bg~u dh g`b d~ ibuu #7&7 pb~ 7?? hblgib X$Q,[bg~u+ gfa

abe~bguba gu g`b kfe~bguba& Hblgib Xdirfqbb~u {drf`b~ qcgf g`b 5? b~b gq 7&0

qklbu `~bgqb~ ~kuj qcgf hblgib Xdirfqbb~u g`b 5? gfa diab~&

^bigqkdfuckp dh Guugkigfq qd Xkeqkl

Kf ~bpd~qba lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ar~kf` 7;;0>??>) ~dr`ci{ bwrgi p~d,

pd~qkdfu dh qcb guugkigfqu b~b h~kbfau gfa gewrgkfqgfebu dh d~ uq~gf`b~u qd qcbxkeqklu& Kf 11" dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu qcb guugkigfq gu g h~kbfa d~ gf

gewrgkfqgfeb) gfa kf 12" qcb guugkigfq gu g uq~gf`b~& Hd~ ~gpb gfa gqqblpqba

~gpb) qcb p~dpd~qkdf dh guugkigfqu cd b~b g h~kbfa d~ gf gewrgkfqgfeb dh qcb

Xdirfqbb~ gu `~bgqb~ #2;"+ qcgf hd~ dqcb~ q{pbu dh ubsrgi guugriq&

Qbfq{,fkfb pb~ebfq dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu deer~~ba kf prnike g~bgu

gfa 7?" b~b q~gfupd~qgqkdf guudekgqba& Gf gaakqkdfgi 3" dh lgmd~ ubsrgi

guugriq bxbfqu deer~~ba kf edllb~ekgi buqgnikuclbfqu #b&`&) ~buqgr~gfq) ng~)cdqbi) uqd~b+&

Giedcdi Rub

Gf guugriq ku edfukab~ba giedcdi ~bigqba kh bkqcb~ qcb Xdirfqbb~ d~ qcb guugkigfq

gu a~kfjkf` giedcdi gq qcb qklb dh qcb kfekabfq& Agqg df cbqcb~ guugriq bxbfqu

b~b giedcdi ~bigqba cgu nbbf ediibeqba u{uqblgqkegii{ ukfeb 7;;;&


17/24

0

Kf dxb~ cgih #2>"+ dh ~bpd~qba lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ar~kf` 7;;;>??>)

giedcdi gu edfhk~lba qd nb kfxdixba& Kf 7;" dh ~bpd~qba lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriqbxbfqu) giedcdi kfxdixblbfq edria fdq nb gueb~qgkfba& Qd,qck~au #88"+ dh

lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu ar~kf` qcb ck`c,~kuj fk`cq cdr~u dh 7? p&l& qd

2 g&l& b~b giedcdi ~bigqba&

Nb`kffkf` kf >??7) agqg gu ediibeqba df cbqcb~ kq gu qcb guugkigfq d~ qcb

Xdirfqbb~ xkeqkl cd gu rukf` giedcdi gq qcb qklb dh qcb guugriq& Hd~ >0" dh

qcb lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu kf >??7>??>) ndqc qcb guugkigfq gfa qcb

Xdirfqbb~ b~b ~bpd~qba qd cgxb ruba giedcdi& Kf gf gaakqkdfgi ;") dfi{ qcbXdirfqbb~ xkeqkl gu ~bpd~qba qd cgxb ruba giedcdi& Kf >?" dh lgmd~ ubsrgi

guugriq bxbfqu) dfi{ qcb guugkigfq gu ~bpd~qba qd cgxb ruba giedcdi&

Urllg~{Lgmd~ Ubsrgi Guugriq Bxbfqu

Dxb~gii) {drf` hblgib _EXu #ibuu qcgf >2 {bg~u dh g`b+ g~b gq qcb `~bgqbuq ~kuj

dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu& Qcb~bhd~b) qcb _bgeb Ed~pu ~kuj ~bareqkdf q~gkf,

kf` p~d`~glu blpcguk}b nbuq p~geqkebu hd~ qcb {drf`buq hblgib Xdirfqbb~u&

G urnuqgfqkgi p~dpd~qkdf dh guugriqu edria nb edfukab~ba g nbq~g{gi dh q~ruq& Kf

qcku ukqrgqkdf) giedcdi lg{ geq gu g akukfcknkqd~ dh g``~buukdf df qcb pg~q dh qcb

guugkigfq) gfa erbu dh h~kbfauckp h~dl qcb xkeqkl lg{ nb lkukfqb~p~bqba gu ubs,

rgi kfxkqgqkdfu& G Xdirfqbb~ kf qcku uebfg~kd lg{ giud cgxb aklkfkucba edpkf`

~bupdfubu nbegrub dh rukf` giedcdi gfa qcru nb rfgnib qd g~a dhh gf gqqgej&

Qcbub ecg~geqb~kuqkeu dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu g~b edfukuqbfq kqc qcb ikq,

b~gqr~b prnikucba gndrq ubsrgi xkeqklk}gqkdf gldf` dlbf kf ediib`bu gfa kqc

kfqklgqb,pg~qfb~ xkdibfeb kf qcb Rfkqba Uqgqbu ld~b `bfb~gii{&


18/24

3

Lgmd~ _c{ukegi Guugriq BxbfquQ~bfau gfa Edfq~guqu

Dxb~xkb

Ar~kf` >??>) qcb~b b~b 7?0 ~bpd~qba lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu d~ia,

kab) gf kfekabfeb dh 7&0 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Qcku gu rfecgf`ba h~dl qcb

kfekabfeb ~bpd~qba ar~kf` >??7 gfa ~bigqkxbi{ rfecgf`ba h~dl kfekabfebu

~bpd~qba ukfeb 7;;0&

^b`kdfgi gfgi{ubu ucd qcgq lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu abe~bguba kf qcb

BLG ~b`kdf gfa kfe~bguba kf qcb Gh~keg gfa KG_ ~b`kdfu kf >??> edlpg~ba

kqc >??7& Qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu kf qcb BLG ~b`kdf

kf >??> #7&1 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+ abe~bguba 5?" edlpg~ba kqc >??7 #>&? pb~

7?? X$Q,[bg~u+) nrq gu 1?" `~bgqb~ qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf 7;;0 #7&? pb~ 7??

X$Q,[bg~u+& Kf qcb KG_ ~b`kdf kf >??>) qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq

bxbfqu #>&? pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+ kfe~bguba >2" edlpg~ba kqc >??7 #7&8 pb~

7?? X$Q,[bg~u+) nrq gu 1?" `~bgqb~ qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf 7;;0 #7&? pb~ 7??

X$Q,[bg~u+& Kf qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf kf >??>) qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi

guugriq bxbfqu #7&8 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+ kfe~bguba uik`cqi{ #0"+ edlpg~ba kqc

>??7 #7&2 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+) nrq gu >?" ibuu qcgf qcb kfekabfeb kf 7;;0

#>&? pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Qcku gu rfecgf`ba h~dl qcb kfekabfeb ~bpd~qba kf

>??7) gfa cgu nbbf ~bigqkxbi{ edfuqgfq ukfeb 7;;8&

?&?

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Frlnb~ dh bxbfqu

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Frlnb~ dh ^bpd~qba

G``~gxgqba Guugriq

Bxbfqu 7;;5,>??>

7;;5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&20

7;;1 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&12

7;;2 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&8>

7;;8 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&03

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7;;3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&30

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19/24

Qcb~b b~b 30 ~bpd~qba g``~gxgqba guugriq bxbfqu d~iakab ar~kf` >??>) gf

kfekabfeb dh 7&1 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u&

^b`kdf

Edfukuqbfq kqc qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu) ar~kf` qcb lduq

~bebfq uks,{bg~ pb~kda #7;;0>??>+) qcb KG_ ~b`kdf cga qcb ck`cbuq dxb~gii kfek,

abfeb dh ~bpd~qba lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu #>&? pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Qcku

kfekabfeb gu >2" ck`cb~ qcgf kf qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf #7&8 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+) gfa

55" ck`cb~ qcgf kf qcb BLG ~b`kdf #7&2 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Cdbxb~) cb~b,gu hd~ lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu qcb KG_ ~b`kdf edfukuqbfqi{ cga g ck`cb~ kfek,

abfeb bgec {bg~ qcgf aka qcb Gh~keg d~ BLG ~b`kdfu) hd~ lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq

bxbfqu) qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf cga qcb ck`cbuq kfekabfeb kf 7;;0) qcb BLG ~b`kdf

cga qcb ck`cbuq kfekabfeb kf >??7) gfa qcb KG_ ~b`kdf cga qcb ck`cbuq kfek,

abfeb h~dl 7;;; dfg~a) bsebpq >??7&

@bfab~

Qcb ubs,upbekhke kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu ar~kf` 7;;0>??>

ku 55" ck`cb~ gldf` lgibu qcgf gldf` hblgibu&

G`b

Kf edfq~guq qd qcb g`b,upbekhke kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu) kf

ckec qcb ~kuj dh guugriq ku uk`fkhkegfqi{ guudekgqba kqc qcb g`b dh qcb Xdirfqbb~

gfa xg~kbu kfxb~ubi{) qcb kfekabfeb dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu ku ~bigqkxb,

i{ uklkig~ gldf` g`b `~drpu) kqc Xdirfqbb~u g`bu >2>; cgxkf` g uik`cqi{ ck`c,b~ ~kuj #7&; pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+ qcgf dqcb~ g`b `~drpu&

Cdbxb~) cbf bsglkfkf` g`b,upbekhke kfekabfeb n{ ~b`kdf) gf kfqb~buqkf` gfa

uk`fkhkegfqi{ akhhb~bfq pgqqb~f ku gppg~bfq& Pcb~bgu kf qcb BLG gfa KG_ ~b`kdfu

qcb pbgj kfekabfeb ku kf qcb >2>; g`b `~drp) kf qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf qcb kfekabfeb

dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu kfe~bgubu kqc kfe~bgukf` g`b gfa ku ck`cbuq

#5&7 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+ kf qcb diabuq g`b `~drp #2? {bg~u gfa diab~+&

^bigqkdfuckp dh Guugkigfq qd Xkeqkl

Qcb lgmd~kq{ #;7"+ dh ~bpd~qba lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu b~b pb~pbq~gq,

ba n{ uq~gf`b~u& Qcb guugkigfq gu g h~kbfa d~ gewrgkfqgfeb dh qcb _EX kf dfi{

8" dh ~bpd~qba lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu& Qcku edfq~guqu kqc guugkigfqu

nbkf` h~kbfau d~ gewrgkfqgfebu kf 11" dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu&

G``~gxgqba Guugriq


gf gqqgej d~ gqqblpqba

gqqgej kqc g bgpdf

~b`g~aibuu dh cbqcb~ d~

fdq gf kfmr~{ deer~~ba

gfa gf gqqgej kqcdrq g

bgpdf cbf ub~kdru

kfmr~{ ~buriqu&

Ub~kdru kfmr~{ kfeirabu

n~djbf ndfbu) iduq qbbqc)

kfqb~fgi kfmr~kbu) iduu dh

edfuekdrufbuu) gfa gf{

kfmr~{ ~bwrk~kf` qd d~ ld~b

ag{u dh cdupkqgik}gqkdf&

;


20/24

7?

Giedcdi Rub

Qbfq{,uks pb~ebfq dh ~bpd~qba lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu b~b giedcdi

~bigqba& Gf guugriq ku edfukab~ba giedcdi ~bigqba kh bkqcb~ qcb Xdirfqbb~ d~ qcb

guugkigfq gu a~kfjkf` giedcdi gq qcb qklb dh qcb kfekabfq& Kf 17" dh ~bpd~qba

lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu) kq ku rfjfdf cbqcb~ giedcdi gu kfxdixba& Qcku

edfq~guqu kqc lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu) kf ckec dxb~ cgih #2>"+ b~b

~bpd~qba qd nb giedcdi ~bigqba&

Nb`kffkf` kf >??7) agqg gu ediibeqba df cbqcb~ kq gu qcb guugkigfq d~ qcb

Xdirfqbb~ xkeqkl cd gu rukf` giedcdi gq qcb qklb dh qcb guugriq& Hd~ 0" dhlgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu) ndqc qcb guugkigfq gfa qcb Xdirfqbb~ b~b

~bpd~qba qd cgxb ruba giedcdi& Dfi{ qcb Xdirfqbb~ gu ~bpd~qba qd cgxb ruba

giedcdi kf gf gaakqkdfgi 75") gfa dfi{ qcb guugkigfq gu ~bpd~qba qd cgxb ruba

giedcdi kf ;"& Giedcdi rub gu ~bpd~qba lrec ibuu h~bwrbfqi{ kf lgmd~ pc{uk,

egi guugriq bxbfqu qcgf kf lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu&

Urllg~{Lgmd~ _c{ukegi Guugriq Bxbfqu

Qcb abue~kpqkxb bpkablkdid`{ dh lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu g`gkfuq

Xdirfqbb~u ku wrkqb akhhb~bfq h~dl qcgq dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu& Qcku

gfgi{uku ur``buqu qcgq Xdirfqbb~u g~b gq ck`cbuq ~kuj hd~ lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq

bxbfqu cbf qcb{ g~b kf prnike g~bgu kf ckec uq~gf`b~u egf rub bgpdfu qd ~dn

Xdirfqbb~u kqcdrq a~gkf` lrec gqqbfqkdf&

Kf edfq~guq qd lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu) edfh~dfqgqkdf dh qcb xkeqkl n{ lri,

qkpib guugkigfqu) bxbf cbf qcb Xdirfqbb~ gu geedlpgfkba) gu ld~b ikjbi{ kf

lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu&Lgmd~ pc{ukegi guugriq bxbfqu b~b ld~b ikjbi{ qd deer~ ar~kf` ag{qklb gfa

ghqb~fddf cdr~u qcgf b~b lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfqu gfa ibuu ikjbi{ qd kfxdixb

giedcdi rub& Hd~ ndqc lgmd~ guugriq bxbfq q{pbu) qcb bbjbfa gu qcb qklb kqc

qcb `~bgqbuq ~kuj) gfa igqb bxbfkf` gfa bg~i{ ld~fkf` b~b qcb cdr~u cbf

lduq Xdirfqbb~u b~b xkeqklk}ba&

Xdirfqbb~ q~gkfkf` p~d`~glu edfqkfrb qd uq~buu p~bxbfqkdf uq~gqb`kbu nguba df

qcbub hgeqd~u&


21/24

77

Cdlkekabu

Qcb~b b~b fd cdlkekabu g`gkfuq Xdirfqbb~u ar~kf` >??>& Kf 7;;3) qcb~b b~b

hdr~ cdlkekabu g`gkfuq Xdirfqbb~u gfa kf >??7 qcb~b gu dfb cdlkekab& _~kd~ qd

7;;3) qcb iguq cdlkekab dh g Xdirfqbb~ deer~~ba kf 7;;8& Qcb~b b~b g qdqgi dh

uks cdlkekabu g`gkfuq _EXu h~dl 7;;> qd >??>& Kf qcb _bgeb Ed~pu 1>,{bg~

ckuqd~{ qcb~b cgxb nbbf >? cdlkekabu gldf` 70?)??? Xdirfqbb~u&

Lkfd~ Guugriq Bxbfqu

Edlpg~ba qd qcb kfekabfeb ~gqb kf >??7) ~bpd~qba lkfd~ ubsrgi guugriq bxbfquabe~bguba n{ 8" kf >??>& N{ edfq~guq) kfekabfeb dh lkfd~ pc{ukegi guugriq

bxbfqu ~blgkfba ig~`bi{ rfecgf`ba kf >??> gu edlpg~ba qd qcb p~bxkdru {bg~&

_bqq{ E~klbu

_bqq{ e~klbu kfeirab ~dnnb~{ #p~dpb~q{ d~ eguc qgjbf ak~beqi{ h~dl g

Xdirfqbb~+) nr~ìg~{ #rfighri d~ hd~eknib bfq~{ kfqd g Xdirfqbb~u ~bukabfeb+)

qcbhq #p~dpb~q{ d~ eguc qgjbf gg{ kqcdrq hd~eb d~ kiib`gi bfq~{) urec gu pkej,

pdejbqkf`+) gfa xgfagikul&

^dnnb~{

Ar~kf` >??>) qcb kfekabfeb d~ ~gqb dh deer~~bfeb dh bxbfqu dh ~bpd~qba ~dnnb~{

gu 7&2 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Qcku ku 8" idb~ qcgf qcb ~bpd~qba kfekabfeb ar~,

kf` >??7 #7&8 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+) gfa g 2?" abe~bgub h~dl qcb kfekabfeb kf

7;;5 #5&? pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+&

Qcb ck`cbuq ~b`kdfgi kfekabfeb dh ~bpd~qba ~dnnb~{ kf >??> gu kf qcb Gh~keg~b`kdf #>&7 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Qcb idbuq kfekabfeb gu kf qcb BLG ~b`kdf

#?&; pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+&

Nr~ìg~{

G qdqgi dh 7;2 nr~ìg~kbu deer~~ba kf >??>& Qcb dxb~gii kfekabfeb dh nr~ìg~{

ar~kf` >??> gu 5&7 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Qcku ~bp~bubfqu g 5" kfe~bgub h~dl qcb

~bpd~qba kfekabfeb kf >??7 #5&? pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Cdbxb~) qcb kfekabfeb dh

~bpd~qba nr~ìg~{ cgu ~blgkfba `bfb~gii{ rfecgf`ba ukfeb 7;;5 #>&0 pb~ 7??

X$Q,[bg~u+&

Qcb ck`cbuq ~b`kdfgi kfekabfeb dh nr~ìg~{ kf >??> gu kf qcb Gh~keg ~b`kdf #5&0

pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Qcb idbuq kfekabfeb dh nr~ìg~{ kf >??> gu kf qcb BLG

~b`kdf #7&8 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+&

Qc~bb edrfq~kbu cga kfekabfebu dh nr~ìg~{ ar~kf` >??> `~bgqb~ qcgf 7?&? pb~

7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Hdr~ dqcb~ edrfq~kbu cga kfekabfebu dh nr~ìg~{ kf >??> `~bgqb~

Egqb`d~kbu dh

_bqq{ E~klbu Rubakf Qcku ^bpd~q

_bqq{ e~klbu g~b eiguukhkba

kfqd hdr~ ~bpd~qgnib egqb,

`d~kbu& Qcbub g~b `kxbf

nbid gidf` kqc qcbk~

~bupbeqkxb abhkfkqkdfu&

^dnnb~{

Gf bxbfq abxdka dh xkd,ibfeb d~ qc~bgq dh xkdibfeb

cb~b p~dpb~q{ d~ eguc ku

qgjbf ak~beqi{ h~dl g

Xdirfqbb~&

Nr~ìg~{

Rfighri d~ hd~eknib bfq~{

d~ gqqblpqba bfq~{ dh g

Xdirfqbb~u ~bukabfeb&

Qcbhq

Qcb qgjkf` gg{ dh d~

gqqblpq qd qgjb gg{

p~dpb~q{ d~ eguc kqcdrq

hd~eb d~ kiib`gi bfq~{

#urec gu pkejpdejbqkf`+&

Xgfagikul

Qcb lkueckbxdru d~

lgikekdru abhgeblbfq)abuq~reqkdf) d~ aglg`b dh

p~dpb~q{ kqcdrq rfighri

d~ hd~eknib bfq~{ dh g

~bukabfeb&

Qcb kfekabfeb dh

~bpd~qba ~dnnb~{

abe~bguba 2?" h~dl

7;;5 qd >??>&


22/24

7>

^kuj Ecg~geqb~kuqkeu

G`b dh Xkeqkl

Cdr~$Ag{$Ldfqc

^bigqkdfuckp dhGuugkigfq qd Xkeqkl

Idegqkdf

Uk}b dh Edllrfkq{

#kf ckec guugriq deer~~ba+

Pbgpdf Rub n{ Guugkigfq#gu pb~ebkxba n{ xkeqkl+

Ldqkxb #gu pb~ebkxba n{ xkeqkl+

Giedcdi Rub#n{ guugkigfq gfa$d~ xkeqkl+

Geedlpgfklbfq Uqgqru#Xdirfqbb~ gidfb kqc guugkigfq+

Frlnb~ dh Guugkigfqu

_c{ukegi

G`b xg~kbu n{ ~b`kdf= >2,>; {bg~u

kf KG_ gfa BLG ~b`kdfu: 2?* {bg~u

kf Gh~keg ~b`kdf

0_&L

&>G

&L

& $ Ugqr~ag{ d~ Urfag{Fd q~bfa fdqba n{ ldfqc

Uq~gf`b~ #;7"+

_rnike g~bg #83"+

R~ngf #21"+

1;" dh guugkigfqu kqc bgpdfu

ruba g jfkhb d~ dqcb~ ucg~p dnmbeq

^dnnb~{$nr~`ig~{ #8>"+

Rfjfdf #17"+

[bu #18"+

Lriqkpib guugkigfqu #27"+

Lgmd~ Guugriq Bxbfq Q{pbu

Urllg~{ dh Q~bfau kf >??> Ughbq{ ^bpd~q

Ubsrgi

>1 {bg~u ku qcb ck`cbuq,~kuj g`b

d~iakab: kfekabfeb xg~kbu

kfxb~ubi{ kqc g`b

7? _&L&2 G&L& $ Ugqr~ag{ $

Fd q~bfa fdqba n{ ldfqc

H~kbfa d~ gewrgkfqgfeb #11&7"+

Uq~gf`b~ #12"+

^bukabfeb dh Xdirfqbb~ d~

akhhb~bfq ~bukabfeb #1;"+

Rfjfdf #21"+

18" dh guugkigfqu kqc bgpdfu

ruba g jfkhb d~ dqcb~ ucg~p dnmbeq

Ubsrgi geqkxkq{ #;5"+

[bu #2>"+

[bu #38"+

Idfb guugkigfq #32"+


23/24

75

qcgf 0&2 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Qd edrfq~kbu cga kfekabfebu dh nr~`ig~{ `~bgqb~

qcgf 0&2 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u bxb~{ {bg~ h~dl >??? qd >??>&

Qcbhq

Qcbhq ku qcb lduq h~bwrbfqi{ ~bpd~qba pbqq{ e~klb g`gkfuq Xdirfqbb~u& Ar~kf`

>??>) g qdqgi dh 10? qcbhqu deer~~ba) gfa qcb dxb~gii kfekabfeb dh qcbhq gu 0&2

bxbfqu pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Qcku ku >5" ck`cb~ qcgf qcb kfekabfeb ~bpd~qba kf

>??7 #8&7 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+) gfa 85" ck`cb~ qcgf qcb kfekabfeb ~bpd~qba kf

7;;5 #1&8 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+&

Ar~kf` >??>) qcb ck`cbuq ~b`kdfgi kfekabfeb dh qcbhq gu kf qcb KG_ ~b`kdf #7?&?

pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Qcb ~b`kdf kqc qcb idbuq kfekabfeb dh qcbhq kf >??> gu

Gh~keg #1&5 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+&

Kfekabfebu dh qcbhq kf bsebuu dh 78&? pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u b~b ~bpd~qba kf uks

edrfq~kbu ar~kf` >??>& Qd edrfq~kbu cga kfekabfebu dh qcbhq `~bgqb~ qcgf 78&?

pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u bxb~{ {bg~ h~dl >??? qd >??>&

Xgfagikul

Xgfagikul ku qcb ibguq h~bwrbfq dh pbqq{ e~klbu) kqc g qdqgi dh 78 kfekabfebu

~bpd~qba d~iakab kf >??>& Qcb dxb~gii kfekabfeb dh xgfagikul ~bpd~qba ar~kf`

>??> gu ?&5 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u& Qcb kfekabfeb dh xgfagikul cgu ~blgkfba ~big,

qkxbi{ rfecgf`ba ukfeb 7;;3& Qcb ck`cbuq ~b`kdfgi kfekabfeb dh xgfagikul kf

>??> gu kf qcb BLG ~b`kdf #?&2 pb~ 7?? X$Q,[bg~u+& Hdr~ edrfq~kbu ~bpd~qba

lriqkpib gequ dh xgfagikul kf >??>&

Edfeirukdf

Qcb ughbq{ dh qcb Xdirfqbb~ ku qcb frlnb~ dfb p~kd~kq{ dh qcb _bgeb Ed~pu) gfa

ku qcb hderu dh lgf{ dh qcb ~bubg~ec) pigffkf`) q~gkfkf`) gfa edlpikgfeb edl,

pdfbfqu dh qcb g`bfe{& Dxb~ qcb pguq 73 ldfqcu) qcb _bgeb Ed~pu cgu ~bkf,

hd~eba qcb blpcguku df ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ gfa cgu kfqb`~gqba qcbub bfcgfeb,

lbfqu kfqd gii gupbequ dh Xdirfqbb~ ~be~rkqlbfq) q~gkfkf`) gfa urppd~q& Qcb

_bgeb Ed~pu nbikbxbu qcb abe~bgub kf qcb pguq {bg~ dh lgmd~ ubsrgi guugriq gfa

~gpb bxbfqu ku g ~bhibeqkdf dh qcb kfe~bguba blpcguku df Xdirfqbb~ ughbq{ gfa

uber~kq{& Qcb _bgeb Ed~pu kii edfqkfrb qd q~gej guugriq bxbfqu df Xdirfqbb~u

gfa rub qcku kfhd~lgqkdf qd abxbidp fb pdikekbu) p~debar~bu) gfa q~gkfkf`

ldaribu gu bii gu qd guubuu qcb uber~kq{ bfxk~dflbfq dh qcb qc~bb ~b`kdfu&

Gaakqkdfgi kfhd~lgqkdf gndrq ughbq{ gfa uber~kq{ ku gxgkignib kf qcb

Edf`~buukdfgi Nra`bq Mruqkhkegqkdf hd~ hkuegi {bg~ >??1&


24/24

Documents

Peace Corps 'The 2002 Report of Volunteer Safety' The Safety of the Volunteer 2002