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Pea Leaf Weevil Update
Meghan Vankosky1, Hector Carcamo, Maya Evenden, Scott Hartley, Scott Meers, Asha Wijerathna, Dylan Sjølie,
and Owen Olfert
1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, bugwood.org
Outline
1. Distribution
2. Biology and Impact
3. Management
4. Ongoing Work
Image: Shelley Barkley, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry
1. Distribution: Spring 2016
(Vankosky et al. 2016)
1. Distribution: Spring 2017
(Alberta Agriculture and Forestry 2017; Government of Saskatchewan 2017)
• Driving survey of randomly selected pea
fields in May-June
• Pheromone-based survey and monitoring
– Dr. Maya Evenden in AB and Dr. Vankosky in SK
1. Distribution: Surveys
Images: M. Vankosky and E. Willenborg
• Attractive to males and females
• Attractive in Spring and Fall
1. Distribution: Pheromone Monitoring
(St. Onge 2016)
1. Distribution: Scouting
• 3rd – 6th node stage
• 10 locations in field
• 10 seedlings per
location
• Look for terminal leaf
damage
Field margin
2 m
100 m
(prairiepestmonitoring.blogspot.ca)
2. Biology and Impact
C. Herle, AAFC
Adult image: Natasha Wright, Cook’s Pest Control, bugwood.org
M. Vankosky
M. Vankosky
• Primary hosts:
– Field pea (Pisum sativum)
– Faba bean (Vicia faba)
• Secondary hosts:
– Other legumes
– Do not support larval
development
2. Biology and Impact
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado
State University, bugwood.org
Keith Weller, bugwood.org
Adult foliar damage:
– May kill seedlings
– Reduces pod
production
– Cumulative foliar
damage = 28% yield
loss
2. Biology and Impact
(Jackson 1920; Nielsen 1990)
M. Vankosky
M. Vankosky M. Vankosky
Larval damage:
– Consumption of Rhizobium
leguminosarum bacteria in
root nodules
– 98% nodule loss = 27%
yield loss
– nodule loss = nitrogen
from fixation
2. Biology and Impact
(El-Dessouki 1971; Corre-Hellou and Crozat 2005)
M. Vankosky
3a. Cultural Control
• Rotate crops
• Plant in high N soil
• Plant in no-till fields
(Data in table from: Hanavan et al. 2008, 2010)
Colonization Adult Emergence
Conventional Till 18 plw m-2 32 plw m-2
No-Till 16 plw m-2 13 plw m-2
M.
Vankosky
3a. Cultural Control: Inoculation
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
No Inoc Inoc
Rhizobium Seed Treatment
Yie
ld (
t h
a-1
)
No Nitrogen
Nitrogen
No Thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7 No Inoculant Inoculant
Rhizobium Seed Treatment
0
5
10
15
20
25
No Inoc Inoc
Rhizobium Seed Treatment
Me
an
Fe
ed
ing
No
tch
es
pe
r P
lan
t
No Nitrogen
Nitrogen
No Thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam
0
5
10
15
20
25
No Inoc Inoc
Rhizobium Seed Treatment
Me
an
Fe
ed
ing
No
tch
es
pe
r P
lan
t
No Nitrogen
Nitrogen
No Thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam
Yie
ld (
t h
a-1
)
Rhizobium: p = 0.0039; Nitrogen: p = 0.0405 (Vankosky et al. 2011)
3b. Chemical Control in AB
0
5
10
15
20
25
No Thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam No Nitrogen Nitrogen
Treatment
Me
an
Fe
ed
ing
No
tch
es
pe
r P
lan
t
No Inoculant
Inoculant
25
20
15
10
5
0
Three-node stage
Mean
Feed
ing
No
tch
es p
er
Pla
nt
A
B A
A A
B
A
B
No Inoculant Inoculant
No
Thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam No Nitrogen Nitrogen
Treatment
Rhizobium inoculant: p = 0.0007; Thiamethoxam: p < 0.0001 (Vankosky et al. 2011)
3b. Chemical Control in AB
0
10
20
30
40
50
No Thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam No Nitrogen Nitrogen
Treatment
Mean
Feed
ing
No
tch
es p
er
Pla
nt
No Inoculant
Inoculant
50
40
30
20
10
0 No
Thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam No Nitrogen Nitrogen
Five-node stage
Treatment
Mean
Feed
ing
No
tch
es p
er
Pla
nt
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
No Inoculant Inoculant
Thiamethoxam: p < 0.0001 (Vankosky et al. 2011)
3b. Chemical Control in SK
L. Poppy, AAFC
3b. Chemical Control in SK
0
10
20
30
40
Control Foliar Systemic Systemic +½Foliar
Systemic +Foliar
Mean
Feed
ing
No
tch
es p
er
Pla
nt
Insecticide Treatment
24 May 2017
(Vankosky et al. 2017; preliminary data)
3b. Chemical Control in SK
30 May 2017
0
10
20
30
40
Control Foliar Systemic Systemic +½Foliar
Systemic +Foliar
Mean
Feed
ing
No
tch
es p
er
Pla
nt
Insecticide Treatment
(Vankosky et al. 2017; preliminary data)
3b. Chemical Control in SK
07 June 2017
0
10
20
30
40
Control Foliar Systemic Systemic +½Foliar
Systemic +Foliar
Mean
Feed
ing
No
tch
es p
er
Pla
nt
Insecticide Treatment
(Vankosky et al. 2017; preliminary data)
3b. Chemical Control in SK
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Control Foliar Systemic Systemic +½Foliar
Systemic +Foliar
Mean
Yie
ld (
kg
ha
-1)
Insecticide Treatment
(Vankosky et al. 2017; preliminary data)
Yield
3b. Chemical and Cultural Synergy
Rhizobium Rhizobium + Thiamethoxam
Total Nodules* 25.08 ± 2.80 35.22 ± 4.99
Tumescent Nodules** 10.00 ± 1.63 23.70 ± 4.00
Leghaemoglobin **
Expression 19.45 ± 2.48 30.26 ± 4.31
Damaged Nodules 16.83 ± 3.98 17.77 ± 5.73
*p < 0.01
**p < 0.001
M. Vankosky M. Vankosky
(Vankosky et al. 2011)
3c. Biological Control
• Small ground beetles
can eat PLW eggs
• Large ground beetles
are reported predators
of adults and larvae
• No parasitoids reported
in Canada yet
(Hamon et al. 1990; Vankosky et al. 2011)
M. Vankosky
M. Vankosky
• Overwintering biology
• Survey of distribution and range expansion
• Pheromone-based monitoring
• Role of insecticides and nitrogen
• Impacts on faba bean
• Trap crops
• Population forecasts
• Biological control
4. Ongoing Work
• It takes a team:
4. Ongoing Work
Owen Olfert
Scott Meers
Asha Wijerathna
Hector Carcamo
Yantai Gan
Maya Evenden
Scott Hartley…
and others
Acknowledgments
People: Lloyd Dosdall, Hector Carcamo, Ross McKenzie,
Yantai Gan, Owen Olfert, Carolyn Herle, Tracy Larson,
Derrick Kanashiro, Ross Weiss, Lee Poppy, Jon Williams,
numerous summer students
Funding:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada MII and A-base funds,
Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund, Agriculture
Development Fund (Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture)
Thank You
Image: Shelley Barkley, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry
References Alberta Agriculture and Forestry. 2017. Pea leaf weevil map. Available online:
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/prm16529
Corre-Hellou, G., Y. Crozat. 2005. European Journal of Agronomy 22: 449-458.
El-Dessouki, S.A., 1971. Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie 67: 411-431.
Government of Saskatchewan. 2017. Pea leaf weevil map. Available online:
http://www.publications.gov.sk.ca/details.cfm?p=87413
Hamon, N., R. Bardner, L. Allen-Williams, J.B. Lee. 1990. Annals of Applied Biology 117: 51-62.
Hanavan, R.P., N.A. Bosque-Perez, D.J. Schotzko, S.O. Guy, S.D. Eigenbrode. 2008. Journal of Economic
Entomology 101: 1606-1613.
Hanavan, R.P., N.A. Bosque-Perez, D.J. Schotzko, S.D. Eigenbrode. 2010. Journal of Economic Entomology 103:
691-697.
Jackson, D.J. 1920. Annals of Applied Biology 7: 269-298.
Nielsen, B.S. 1990. Journal of Applied Entomology 110: 398-407.
St. Onge, A. 2016. MSc thesis, University of Alberta.
Vankosky, M.A., H.A. Cárcamo, L.M. Dosdall. 2011a. Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 1550-1560.
Vankosky, M.A., H.A. Cárcamo, R.H. McKenzie, L.M. Dosdall. 2011b. Agronomy Journal 103: 565-572.
Vankosky, M., H.A. Cárcamo, L.M. Dosdall. 2011c. Journal of Applied Entomology 135: 293-301.
Vankosky, M., O. Olfert, S. Meers, H. Carcamo, S. Hartley. 2016. Pea Leaf Weevil in Alberta and Saskatchewan in
2016. Insect Pest Updates. Available online: https://www.westernappliedresearch.com/research/varietal-testing-pest-
forecast/
Vankosky 2017. Pea leaf weevil monitoring protocol. Available online:
http://prairiepestmonitoring.blogspot.ca/p/ppmn-insect-monitoring-protocols.html
Vankosky, M., et al. 2017. Preliminary data from Swift Current field study. Contact M. Vankosky with questions
