Upload
salim-khan
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
1/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 1August 1, 2004
Introduction to Power Electronics
Fang Z. PengDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Michigan State UniversityPhone: 517-336-4687, Fax: 517-353-1980
Email: [email protected]
F. Z. Peng: Slide 2August 1, 2004
Contents
• Chapter 1: Introduction of Power Electronics
• Chapter 2: Power Converter Basic Circuits and Operating Principles
• Chapter 3: Control of Power Converters
• Chapter 4: Power Converter System Control, Analysis, and Design
• Chapter 5: Circuit Models and Simulation
• Chapter 6: Power electronic systems and applications
• Chapter 7: Automo tive App licatio ns: HEV and FC HEV SystemConfigurations and Their Power Electronic Circuits
• Chapter 8: Utility Applications: DG grid interconnection,Statcom, activ e fil ter, UPFC, and FACTS devices
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
2/20
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
3/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 5August 1, 2004
What is Power Electronics? Cont.
Power Processor(PE Circuits)
Raw power inDesired power out(V, I, P, F)
To loads:MotorUtility lineComputerEquipmentProcessControl
BatteryFuel CellUtilitySolarWind
Capacitor/InductorDc or ac
F. Z. Peng: Slide 6August 1, 2004
Multi-disciplinary Nature of Power Electronics
Power Electronics
Circuittheory Systems &
Control theory
Comm. & Signalprocessing
ElectronicsDSP, FPGA
ElectromagneticsEMI
Power systems
Electricmachine
Simulation &computing
Solid-statephysics
DSP Control Board
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
4/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 7August 1, 2004
Principle of Power Control Using Switch
Vd
RV
RL
iL
Vd
/RL
iL
0t
Vd
S
DF
LF
RL
vDF
Vd
vDF
t
TON
TOFF T
t
Vd
/RL
iL
• Current Control UsingVariable Resistor • Current Control UsingSwitching Device
F. Z. Peng: Slide 8August 1, 2004
Category of Power Conversion
• AC-DC Conver ter (Rectif ier )
• AC-AC Conver ter (Power Controll er, Cyc loconverter,Matrix converter)
• DC-AC Converter (Inverter)
• DC-DC Converter (DC Chopper - Buck/Boost/Buck-Boost Converter)
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
5/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 9August 1, 2004
Principle of AC-DC Converter (Rectif ier)
L o a
d
S 1
S 2 S 4
S 3
v1
v2
v1
S 1, S 4
S 2, S 3
v2
ONOFF
Aver age t
t
t
t
V1 - AC SourceV2 - DC Load Waveforms of AC-DC Converter
F. Z. Peng: Slide 10August 1, 2004
Principle of AC-AC Converter
(AC Power Controller)
S
L o a
d
v1
v2
V1 - AC SourceV2 - AC LoadS - AC Switch
v1
S
v2
ON
OFF t
t
Resistor Load
t
Waveforms of AC Power Adjuster
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
6/20
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
7/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 13August 1, 2004
Why Switching?
Vdc
LightBulb
RL
iL
iB
iC
vCE+ -
Vdc
LightBulb
RL
iL
r
V r R
r dc L+
⎛ ⎝ ⎜
⎞ ⎠⎟
2
Power Loss:
Power Consumption: V r R
Rdc L
L+⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞
⎠⎟
2
Vdc
LightBulb
RL
iLS
Vdc
Ileak
iC
Vdc
/RL
Vsat
t
POFF
Ic
P ON
t
PSW
PLoss
=vCE
iC
F. Z. Peng: Slide 14August 1, 2004
Switching DevicesCurrent Uncontrollable On -
Controllable
On and Off Controllable
Uni-Direction
+ v -
i
Diode
i +
-v
iG
Thyristor
Transistor
MOSFET *
GTO
IGBT
SIT, SITh, MCT,MTO, etc.
Bi-Direction Triac Module
* Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
8/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 15August 1, 2004
Diode and Recti fier
+ v -
i
v
i
vac
vac
vO
L o a
d
iL
vO
ω t2
iL
F. Z. Peng: Slide 16August 1, 2004
Thyristor and Phase-Controlled Rectifier
i +
-v
iG
v
i
IG1
=0IG2IG3
IG3
>IG2
>IG1
vac
vac
vO
L o a
d
iL
vO
iL
2 ω t
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
9/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 17August 1, 2004
Power Transistor and Inverter
Load
S 1
S 2 S 4
S 3
vdc
vac
t
vac
(PWM)
RG
RG0VGE1
VGE0
IGBT
Gate Drive Circuit of IGBT
F. Z. Peng: Slide 18August 1, 2004
Safe Operating Area and Snubber Circuit
VCE
IC
WithoutSnubber
WithSnubber
VCE
IC
Safe Operating Area
WithoutSnubber
WithSnubber
InitialState
FinalState
Turn-off Waveform
SOA and Turn-off Trajectory
RCDSnubber
Circuit
RCSnubber
Circuit
Traditional Snubber Circuits
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
10/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 19August 1, 2004
IGBT Technology
0.10 1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1 s t G e n .( ' 8 5 ) 2 n d G e n .( ' 8 9 )
3 r d G e n .( ' 9 4 ) f u r t h e r c u r v e
t f [us]
S a
t u r a
t i o n
V o
l t a g e
V C E
[ V ]
F. Z. Peng: Slide 20August 1, 2004
Progress of Large VA Rated GTO
'65 '95'90'85'80'75'700
3.0
2.0
1.0
Year
T u r n - o
f f C u r r e n
t [ k A ]
'00
4.0
6.0
400V/5A 600V/200A2.5kV/600A
2.5kV/1kA
2.5kV/2kA
4.5kV/2.5kA
4.5kV/2.7kA
5kV/2.5kA6kV/2.5kA
6kV/3kA4.5kV/3kA
5kV/4kA
6kV/6kA
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
11/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 21August 1, 2004
High-Voltage Power IC
• 220V/1A one-chip 3-phase inverter IC
• Smart power switching device module /IntelligentPower Module (IPM)
• Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB)
• etc.
F. Z. Peng: Slide 22August 1, 2004
Chapter 1
What We have Learned:
• What’s Power Electronics
• How to use ideal switches to do power con version
• How to mo del and analyze PE circuits (basic p rinciple)
• Real swi tch ing devices (D, Thy, IGBT, MOSFET, GTO, IGCT,etc)
• Snubber circuits for safer operation
• Combinations of transistor(s) and diode(s) for – Bi-directional current and unidirectional voltage switches
– Bi-directional current and bi-directional voltage switches (ac switch)
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
12/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 23August 1, 2004
Chapter 2 Basic Circuits of Power Conversion
Contents• Natural (Line, Load) Commutated Converter, Rectifi er, and
Cycloconverter
• Self-commutated Converter – Voltage-Source (Voltage-Fed) Invert er
– Current-Source (Voltage-Fed) Inverter
• DC Chop per and DC/DC Converter
• AC Swi tch: AC Pow er Ad just ing and Matrix Converter
• Multilevel inverters
F. Z. Peng: Slide 24August 1, 2004
Diode Rectifier
VRR
D
VS
VS
VR
VRR
D
VS
LF
VL
VS
VLVR
Half Bridge Rectifier
Half Bridge Rectifier withSmoothing Inductor
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
13/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 25August 1, 2004
Diode Rectif ier (Cnt’d)
VS
LF
VRRVL
VS
VL VR
VS
VL VRVRR
D
VS
LF
VLDF
With Free-Wheeling Diode
Full Bridge Rectifier
F. Z. Peng: Slide 26August 1, 2004
Diode Rectif ier (Cnt’d)
VDC
VS
VSab
VDC VR
VSbc
VSca
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
14/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 27August 1, 2004
Diode Rectif ier (Cnt’d)
VS
VDC
iSa
iSavSa
VSab
VDC
VSbc V
Sca
VSab VSbc VSca
-VSab
-VSbc
-VSca
F. Z. Peng: Slide 28August 1, 2004
Natural Commutated Converter
- phase-controlled rectifier (1 phase) -
VS
LF
VRRVL
S 1
S 4
S 2
S 2
VS
VLVR
α
S 1, S 4
S 2, S 3
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
15/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 29August 1, 2004
VSab
VDC VR
α
VSbc VSca
Natural Commutated Converter
- phase contro lled rectifier (3 phase) -
VS
LF
VRRVDC
F. Z. Peng: Slide 30August 1, 2004
Self-Commutated Power Converter
- voltage-source inverter -
S 1
S 2 S 4
S 3
vdc
vac
DF1
DF4
DF2
DF3 iac
Vac
DF1
S 1 , S 4
S 2 , S 3DF4 DF2
DF3DF1DF4
iac
Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter and Freewheeling Diode or
Antiparallel DiodeRec.Mode
Inv.Mode
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
16/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 31August 1, 2004
Self-Commutated Power Converter
- current-source inverter -
S 1
S 2 S 4
S 3
vac
DB1
DB4DB2
DB3 iac
Idc iac
vac
F. Z. Peng: Slide 32August 1, 2004
Dual Relationship of PE Circuits
• Voltage-source• Voltage• Current• Parallel connection• Series connection• Inductive component• Capacitive component• Switch open• Switch close• Line-to-line voltage
• Current-source• Current• Voltage• Series connection• Parallel connection• Capacitive component• Inductive component• Switch close• Switch open• Line /or phase current
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
17/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 33August 1, 2004
VS
VDC Motor
General Purpose Motor Drive System
F. Z. Peng: Slide 34August 1, 2004
Voltage-SourceInverter (6-step)
E
E/2
E/2Gap
Gan
Gbp Gcp
GcnGbn
Va
VcVb
Va=(Gap− Gan)E/2Vb=(Gbp− Gbn)E/2Vc=(Gcp− Gcn)E/2
Vn
+
-
on=1off=0Gap
Gan
Gbp
Gbn
Gcp
Gcn
I+-+
II+--
III++-
IV--+
V-++
VI-+-
I+-+
Va
Vb
Vc
Vab
E/2− E/2
E
− E
Vn − E/6E/6
Van2E/3
E/3− E/3 − 2E/3
ia
modeabc
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
18/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 35August 1, 2004
Voltage-Source Inverter (PWM)
E
E/2
E/2Gap
Gan
Gbp Gcp
GcnGbn
Va
Vc
Vb
Va=(Gap − Gan)E/2Vb=(Gbp − Gbn)E/2Vc=(Gcp − Gcn)E/2
Vn
+
-
vab
(PWM)
F. Z. Peng: Slide 36August 1, 2004
DC/DC Converter a) Buck Converter
Ein
L
CEout
+
-
D
S
iD
iLiT
Ein
L
CEout
+
-
D
S
iD
iLiT
Ein
L
CEout
+
-
D
S
iD
iLiT
i) Circuit
ii) S on
iii) S off
v
v
v
iv) waveforms
gate of S off onTon Toff
T
0
iLiT iTiD iD
0
v EoutEinvoltage
current
Eout = 0 ~ Ein
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
19/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 37August 1, 2004
DC/DC Converter b) Boost Converter
Ein
L
CEout
+
-
D
S
iDiL
iT
v
off onTon Toff
T
0
iLiT iTiD iD
0
vEinEout
Ein
L
CEout
+
-
D
S
iDiL
iT
v
Ein
L
CEout
+
-
D
S
iDiL
iT
v
Eout = Ein ~
F. Z. Peng: Slide 38August 1, 2004
DC/DC Converter c) Buck/Boost Converter
Ein LC
Eout
-
+
DS iD
iL
iT
v
Ein LC
Eout
-
+
DS iD
iL
iT
v
Ein LC
Eout
-
+
DS iD
iL
iT
v
off onTon Toff
T
0
iLiT iTiD iD
0
v
Eout
Ein
Eout = 0 ~
8/19/2019 Pe Intr1 3 Handout
20/20
F. Z. Peng: Slide 39August 1, 2004
AC Switches: AC Power Regulator
S
L o a
d
v1
v2
F. Z. Peng: Slide 40August 1, 2004
AC Switches: Matrix Converter
3-Phase Load
or Motor