Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
STUDENT'S NAME
-----------------------------
BOOK 1WORKING IN A LABORATORYWORKING IN A LABORATORY
Produced byHelen O'Reilly and Jackie Pierce
Aug.2008©
WORKING IN A LABORATORY
PURPOSE: TO DEVELOP THE STUDENTS PRACTICAL SKILLS FOR ALL THE SCIENCE MODULES
AIMS: TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO DEVELOP BASIC PRACTICAL SKILLS AND SAFE WORKING PRACTICES IN THE LABORATORY
1
SCIENCE
KEY ASSIGNMENTS Introduction to science . . .
Safety in the lab worksheet □ □
Lab equipment . . . Name and function □ Using the electronic balance. Recording results □ Parts of the microscope,
Its use with slides – drawings □ □©
Acids and Bases, pH using universal indicator paper-write up □
□
Using a pH meter to find pH – write up □ Use of the Bunsen Burner/Hot plate – write up □ Lab thermometer -
2
To measure the temperature of water as it cools - Write up □
□
Hazard symbols – their use □ Transferring liquids safely – write up □ Location of the following safety equipment
Fire extinguisher, Fire blanket, First Aid kit, Eye wash bottle □
First Aid Lessons – written report □
©
WORKING IN A LABORATORY
1 Introduction to science . . . Safety in the lab worksheet
Laboratory Safety Rules Do not enter the lab if your teacher is not
there Listen and follow your teacher’s
instructions Always wear safety glasses for
experiments
3
Wear rubber gloves when using chemicals Long hair must be tied back Make sure you understand how to do your
experiment If you are not sure ask your teacher Do not eat/drink in the lab Do not put any chemicals in your mouth Report any accidents to your teacher Remain seated at your bench unless
working in groups School bags, coats and scarves must be placed
on the side benches Learn the Hazard symbols
©
Hazard symbols
flammable radioactive
corrosive oxidising
4
harmful explosive
toxic
5
The picture shows an unsafe lab. Match each danger with its letter from the diagram to get some good advice about safety1 Missing fire
extinguisher8 Broken glass
2 Food in lab 9 Thermometer near edge of bench
3 Poison press unlocked 10 Stool in the way4 Bottle of acid too high 11 Bunsen tube attached5 Fire exit blocked 12 Beaker at edge of tripod6 Spilt liquid 13 Drawer open7 Bunsen burner near
curtains14 Books on stool
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14B Y
2 Lab equipment . . . Name and function
1 NAME 2 NAME
USE USE
6
3 NAME 4 NAME
USE USE
5 NAME 6 NAMEUSE USE
7 NAME 8 NAME
USE USE
7
9 NAME 10 NAMEUSE USE
11 NAME 12 NAME
USE USE
13 NAME 14 NAME
USE USE
8
15 NAME 16 NAME
USE USE
17 NAME 18 NAME
USE USE
3 Using the electronic balance. Recording results
9
Parts of the balance On/off button Zero button Pan – holds the object Digital display – tells us the number of grams in the object
Experiment To use an electronic balance Switch on the balance Zero it if necessary Place the object in the centre of the pan Write down the number of grams in the object (mass) Repeat using any 8 objects in your pencil case Fill in the table below
©object Estimate/guess Mass in grams1
2
3
4
10
5
6
7
8
Conclusion:
©
4. Parts of the
microscope, its use with slides – drawings
11
Part of the microscope What it doesEyepiece
Coarse focus knob
Fine focus knob
Light source
Stage
Objective lens
Magnification – means by how much a microscope can make things bigger. For example if the eye piece has X10 and the objective lens has X40 then the object is being made to look 400times bigger than it really is.
12
Label the parts of the microscope
USING THE MICROSCOPE WITH PREPARED SLIDES
Remove the plastic cover from the microscope carefully Plug it in and switch on the socket and the microscope Click the low power objective lens (smallest one) into position Look into the eye piece and make sure you can see a light
13
Place a prepared slide on the stage under the objective lens Gently turn the coarse focus knob until the stage is as high as
possible Looking through the eye piece turn the coarse focus knob until
the slide becomes visible
Use the fine focus knob to make what you can see very clear Draw what you can see in the box below
Cheek cells viewed under a microscope
14
5. Acids and Bases, pH using universal indicator
All substances can be classified into acids/bases/neutral substances
An indicator is a substance that tells us if a substance is acid/base/neutral by changing colour
pH scale is a scale of numbers 0-14 and it is used to tell us how strong an acid /base is.
Acids have pH of between 0-6 Bases have a pH of between 8-14 Neutral substances have a pH of 7
©
15
Experiment: To find the pH of everyday substances
List of equipment and Materials I will need 7 test tubes everyday chemicals universal indicator paper spatula test tube rack
Method / how I carried out the experiment 1) Put 7 test tubes in the rack 2) Label the test tubes 1-73) Add 2cm3 of each chemical to the test tubes4) Add a piece of indicator paper to each test tube5) Note the colour change and record the exact pH6) Fill in the table below7) Complete write-up
©Results of the experimentsubstance Colour of paper pH
16
17
LEAVING CERTIFICATE APPLIED SCIENCEMODULE: SCIENCE & HEALTH
Student’s name ___________________ Date______
Laboratory Experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
Why I am doing this experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
List of equipment and materials I will need_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How I carried out the experiment in point form_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
18
Results of the experimentsubstance Colour of paper pH
©
ConclusionWhat I have learnt from this experiment______________________________________________________________________________________________________
19
Draw:
______________________________________________________________
What I would change if I were doing this experiment again____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ReflectionWhat I enjoyed about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I disliked about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
©
6 Using a pH meter to find pH – write up
Parts of the pH meter on/off switch display pH input electrode
20
distilled water container
Method/Steps for using the pH meter1. Attach the electrode to the pH input2. Switch on the meter3. Remove electrode from distilled water4. Gently place the electrode in the sample
of tap water to be tested5. Record the pH from the display6. Rinse the electrode in distilled water 7. Return the electrode to the distilled water
container8. Switch off the meter and disconnect the
electrode9. Return the meter and electrode to their
containers 10. Complete write up
©LEAVING CERTIFICATE APPLIED SCIENCEMODULE: SCIENCE & HEALTH
Student’s name ___________________ Date______
Laboratory Experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
Why I am doing this experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
List of equipment and materials I will need_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
21
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How I carried out the experiment in point form_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Results of my experiment______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ConclusionWhat I have learnt from this experiment______________________________________________________________________________________________________
22
Draw:
______________________________________________________________
What I would change if I were doing this experiment again____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ReflectionWhat I enjoyed about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I disliked about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
©
23
7 Use of the Bunsen Burner/Hot plate – write up
Parts of the Bunsen Burner
Flame Chimney Collar Base Rubber tubing Air hole
Experiment : To use a Bunsen burner carefullyMethod
1. Make sure the rubber tubing is attached to the gas tap
2. Check that the air hole is half open3. Light the match4. Press down on the gas tap and turn on5. Place the lighted match over the chimney
and light6. If the flame does not light, turn off the gas
tap and start again.7. Complete write up
©
24
LEAVING CERTIFICATE APPLIED SCIENCEMODULE: SCIENCE & HEALTH
Student’s name ___________________ Date______
Laboratory Experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
Why I am doing this experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
List of equipment and materials I will need_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How I carried out the experiment in point form_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
25
Results of my experiment______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ConclusionWhat I have learnt from this experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I would change if I were doing this experiment again____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
26
Draw:
ReflectionWhat I enjoyed about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I disliked about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
©8 Lab thermometer -
To measure the temperature of water as it cools -write up
Parts of the thermometer Stem Scale Line of dyed alcohol Bulb
Remember It will break easily Never put in your mouth
27
Hold the bulb in your hand – this is the temperature of your hand
Each space is a degree Celsius When you leave the thermometer on the desk this is
room temperature
Experiment: To measure the temperature of hot water as it cools over 8 minutes
Method1. Fill a beaker half full with water
from the hot tap2. Measure the temperature with
the thermometer3. Record your result4. Wait for 2 minutes and measure
the temperature again5. Record your result6. Record temperature readings for
8 minutes altogether7. Fill in the table below and
complete write up8. Draw a graph of temperature against time on the
squared paper
Time( minutes) Temperature(degrees Celsius)
0
2
4
6
8
28
LEAVING CERTIFICATE APPLIED SCIENCEMODULE: SCIENCE & HEALTH
Student’s name ___________________ Date______
Laboratory Experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
Why I am doing this experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
List of equipment and materials I will need_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How I carried out the experiment in point form_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
29
Results of my experiment:
Time( minutes) Temperature(degrees Celsius)
0
2
4
6
8
Graph results:
30
Draw:
©ConclusionWhat I have learnt from this experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
31
What I would change if I were doing this experiment again____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ReflectionWhat I enjoyed about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I disliked about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
©9.Hazard symbols – their use – POSTER
Are international symbols Warn us of the dangers of certain
materials Are understood by people who cannot
read
Hazard symbols
flammable radioactive
32
corrosive
oxidising
harmful
explosive toxic
corrosive – can burn /irritate skinharmful – can damage your healthtoxic – poisonous if breathed in/swallowedflammable – can catch fire easilyexplosive – can explodeoxidising – releases oxygen and will burn easilyradioactive – gives off radiation
Match the symbol with its correct meaningsymbol meaningFlammable PoisonousHarmful Releases a lot of heatCorrosive Causes a rash/sicknessToxic May explode
33
Explosive Catches fire easilyOxidising Burns skin
Prepare a poster to show any 3 of the hazard symbols and their meaning
©10 Transferring liquids safely – write up
Method1. Collect a beaker of coloured liquid
Carefully pour it into a measuring cylinder and record how many mls of liquid you have.
mls of liquid =
34
2. Place the filter funnel in the conical flask
3. pour the liquid in
4. Repeat this procedure without spilling.5. Complete write up
©
35
LEAVING CERTIFICATE APPLIED SCIENCEMODULE: SCIENCE & HEALTH
Student’s name ___________________ Date______
Laboratory Experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
Why I am doing this experiment __________________________________________________________________________________
List of equipment and materials I will need_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How I carried out the experiment in point form_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
36
Results of my experiment______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ConclusionWhat I have learnt from this experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I would change if I were doing this experiment again____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
37
Draw:
ReflectionWhat I enjoyed about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What I disliked about the experiment____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
©11. Location of the following safety equipment:-
Fire extinguisher, Fire blanket, First Aid kit, Eye wash bottle
-------------------------- -----------------------------
38
--------------------------- -----------------------------
©12.First Aid Lessons – written report
Assessment and accident scene management Making an accident report Contents of first aid kit Treatment of minor burns Treatment of chemicals in the eye – eye wash
bottle Treatment of minor cuts The control of bleeding The recovery position The management of obstructed airways
What did I learn?
39
40