PDPA LDV Family Brochure

Size and Veloci ty Measurement Systems

F L U I D M E C H A N I C S

TRUST. SCIENCE. INNOVATION.

A Family of Laser and Phase Doppler Measurement SystemsProviding Unmatched Flexibility and Patented Technology

2F L U I D M E C H A N I C SS i z e a n d V e l o c i t yM e a s u r e m e n t S y s t e m s

These are qualities that ourcustomers look for in aPhase Doppler ParticleAnalyzer (PDPA) or LaserDoppler Velocimeter (LDV)instrumentInnovationBroad-based innovation is required to maintain our market-leadingposition. Innovation is borne out by patents. TSI systems includeconcepts and ideas that are covered by four separate patents.

TSI developed several patented signal processing schemes,including the first digital Doppler signal processors, SNR basedburst detection, burst centering, and the most innovative of all—Dynamic Sampling Rate Optimization.

TSI not only leads the pack in signal processor development,but in optics as well. We introduced fiber-optic technology fortransmitter and receiver systems, we originated the single receiverthree-detector receiver probe, and TSI continues to have the mostefficient optical probes made. This gives you, the user, betterquality data and more of it.

Quality vs. QuantityIt is not good enough to churn out the largest volume of datawithout regard for the quality of measurements we are acquiring.That is why TSI has always stressed the importance of datavalidation. With TSI PDPA and LDV systems, data must passmultiple validation steps in both hardware and software. For dropletsizing, phase validation as well as patented Intensity Validationassure the user of reliable measurements and sound conclusions.

TSI Meets Your

VersatilityAccuracy

Ease of Use Robustness


Measurement Need TSI Solution Supersonic flows FSA4000 based LDV system with TR 60 series transceiver probe

Low speed flows with occasional spray measurements FSA3500 based LDV system with TR 60 series transceiver and RV 70 series PDPA receiver

Velocity and turbulence inside an IC engine FSA3500 based LDV system with air-cooled laser, TR 10 series probe, and EP-12 or EP-14 IC Engine Adaptor

Large scale wind tunnel flows FSA4000 based LDV system with TR 60 series transceiver probe and XPD60 beamexpander

Water channel flows FSA3500 based LDV system with submersible stainless steel probes

Measurement Needs

Measurement Need TSI Solution Medical inhaler spray FSA3500 based PDPA system with TM 50 series transmitter and RV 70 series PDPA

receiver probe

Slurry spray (fluid is not transparent) FSA3500 based PDPA system with TM 50 series transmitter, beam expander, and RV 70series PDPA receiver probe

Bubbly flow FSA3500 based PDPA system with TM 50 series transmitter and RV 70 series PDPAreceiver probe

Automotive fuel spray FSA4000 based PDPA system with TM 50 series transmitter probe, beam expander, andRV 100 series receiver probe

Particle Size Measurement

Velocity Measurement

Measurements that

Your measurements need to answer questions andthat is what we will partner with you to do.

SolutionTSI engineers realize that ease-of-use, robustness, simplicity, andaccuracy all combine to make the best LDV or PDPA system. OurLDV and PDPA systems are designed to get you up and runningquickly, and require very little maintenance. For example, TSI’sPDPA receiver probes have no internal moving parts. Measuredparameters are at your fingertips with customizable plots andstatistics. System flexibility is a must, to permit measurements ina wide variety of configurations. TSI offer a variety of lenses,beam expanders, and other optics to let you match the TSIsystem to your measurement needs.

Help Along the WayAlong with knowledgeable sales and application engineers, TSIcustomers have access to twice-yearly workshops and training,full color user manuals, tutorials, a library of FAQs and technicalnotes. We have full-time phone support from a professionaland courteous staff. TSI even has expert measurement alliancepartners to help with contract measurements and on-site training.

ProblemWe are all concerned about the environment we live in, and the finitesupply of petroleum and other resources. TSI PDPA and LDV systemsare designed to solve problems. Whether it is a flow efficiency problem,a noise emission problem, energy conversion problem, an efficiencyproblem, or a host of other issues related to flow and particle sizingresearch in today’s fast-paced energy-conscious world, TSI LDV and

PDPA systems can help find the solution. Our systems help solveproblems like the following:

� Will this spray burn faster and cleaner?� What are the characteristics of this turbulent flow?

� Does this nozzle generate smaller droplets?� Does acoustic excitation cause more efficient

combustion?� Are large droplets surviving combustion?

� How does this bio-organism propel itself so efficiently?� Does the catalyst flow have any recirculation

zones?� What is the minimum spray volume?


Flux of Fuel Spray

Solve Problems

Variation of Droplet Size with Location

Spray Measurements

Turbulence Measurementsin a Combustor

Cour

tesy

of J

onat

han

Colb

y, Ge

orgi

aIn

stitu

te o

f Tec

hnol

ogy,

2006

Cour

tesy

of J

onat

han

Colb

y, Ge

orgi

aIn

stitu

te o

f Tec

hnol

ogy,

2006


LDV Systems that Fit Your Measurement NeedsTSI Laser Doppler systems are designed to excel at the widest variety of flow measurements. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to velocity andturbulence measurement needs. TSI will work with you to select the best LDV system configuration for your needs.

For two-component (2D) measurements of small to medium sizeflows, we would recommend a LDV system with the followingcomponents:� Light Source: LA300 Laser and FBL-2 Multicolor Beam Generator

� TR260 Transceiver Probe

� Signal Processor Package: FSA3500-2 and PDM1000-2

� Model 6390A Personal Computer with FLOWSIZER System Software

For two-component (2D) measurements of large-scale flows, wewould recommend a LDV system with the following components:� Light Source: LA6000 Laser and FBL-2 Multicolor Beam Generator

� TR260 Transceiver Probe with XPD60 Beam Expander



For three-component (3D) measurements of large-scale flows, wewould recommend a LDV system with the following components:� Light Source: LA6000 Laser and FBL-3 Multicolor Beam Generator





LDV and

7F L U I D M E C H A N I C SINSIGHT 3G S o f t w a r e P l a t f o r m

PDPA Systems

PDPA Systems that Fit Your Measurement NeedsTSI Phase Doppler systems are being used every day to measure a wide variety of spray and particle fields. Like LDV, there is no one-size-fits-allsolution to particle size measurements. We will work with you to select the best PDPA system configuration for your needs. Upgradeability isdesigned into TSI systems, so rest assured your system can grow as your measurement needs grow.

For one-component (1D) measurements of small to medium sizesprays, your PDPA system will have the following components:� Light Source: LA300 Laser and FBL-1 Multicolor Beam Generator� TM150 Transmitter Probe � RV1070 Receiver Probe� Signal Processor Package: FSA3500-1P and PDM1000-1P� Model 6390A Personal Computer with FLOWSIZER System Software

For two-component (2D) measurements of steady sprays we wouldrecommend a PDPA system with the following components:� Light Source: LA300 Laser and FBL-2 Multicolor Beam Generator� TM250 Transmitter Probe with XPDN50-I Beam Expander� RV2070 Receiver Probe� Signal Processor Package: FSA3500-2P and PDM1000-2P� Model 6390A Personal Computer with FLOWSIZER System Software

For three-component (3D) measurements of size and velocity,including high-speed flows, we would recommend a combinedPDPA/LDV system with the following components:� Light Source: LA6000 Laser and FBL-3 Multicolor Beam Generator� TR260 and TR160 Transceiver Probes� RV3070 Receiver Probe � Signal Processor Package: FSA4000-3P and PDM1000-3P� Model 6390A Personal Computer with FLOWSIZER System Software

LasersLDV and PDPA systems rely on a laser light source to generate thefringe pattern used for measurement. Whether you require compactsize or high power, TSI can supply a laser system that meets yourneeds. Lasers supplied by TSI are built by industry leading lasermanufacturers, proven by years of heavy usage, and built to TSIspecifications for excellent beam quality and stable power output.

Choose the LA300 Laser system for a compact, general purpose lightsource that does not require water cooling or three-phase powersupply. This laser has a remote ducted cooling fan, offers quick warm-up and very stable beam alignment.

TSI offers several water-cooled lasers for specialized applications. TheLA70-2 is our entry-level water-cooled laser, for applications needingmore optical power than the LA300. Choose the LA6000 laser whenyou need more power for large wind tunnels, dense sprays, or under-water applications. The LA6000 laser has a rated output of 5W, and isour most popular water-cooled laser. It offers easy operation, steadylong-term operation, and the best cost/performance ratio.

Select the LA90-5 laser when your application demands a highly stablelaser with 5W of total beam power.

LDV and PDPA

Laser Model BenefitsLA300 Compact, portable, and easy to use. The LA300 is designed for one-and two-component LDV and PDPA

applications, with working distance under 500mm. Not recommended for long stand-off applications, dense sprays.

LA70-2, LA70-5 Entry level water-cooled laser for one and two component systems. The LA70-5 offers higher output power level of 5W.

LA6000 Most popular water-cooled laser for general purpose LDV and PDPA measurements. Recommended for three-component systems, high-speed flows, and other advanced applications where laser power is important.

LA90-5 This laser offers better thermal stability than the LA70-5. Comparable in performance to the LA6000.


System Components

Fiberlight™

Choosing the right Fiberlight is easy—just select the model corresponding to the number of velocity components you will measure. Expandability isdesigned in. If you decide to add additional velocity components later, the Fiberlight is ready for expansion. The Fiberlight is compact, stable, andergonomically designed, with no complicated height or tilt adjustments required. Alignment is easy and straightforward. The Fiberlight comes withCPL2001 fiber couplers that help ensure maximum repeatable light transmission.

Signal ProcessorsThe signal processor is the heart of your LDV or PDPA system. It includes the highest level of hardware and software technology, based on decadesof TSI research, expertise, and patented concepts. The FSA is a remarkable combination of several noteworthy features, all designed to give you themost reliable data even under the toughest measurement conditions.� High Doppler frequency limit—For dense sprays and high-speed flows

� Eight-bit sampling—For improved accuracy in poor SNR conditions

� Frequency domain burst detection—A patented scheme that detects bursts based on the real-time SNR level, not simply burst amplitude

� Dynamic burst centering—For improved accuracy by extracting data from only the best quality portion of each signal

� Dynamic sampling rate selection—A patented method of providing the best resolution in size and velocity by automatically selecting the best sampling rate foreach and every Doppler burst, based on the frequency detected during burst detection

� Intensity validation—A patented scheme that is integrated in every TSI PDPA system at the electronics level, to provide a totally independent (not based onphase) means of validating the measured particle diameter

� Firmware based processing—For the most flexible application of complex processing algorithms

� FireWire® based data transfer—For easy connectivity and data security, even to laptop computers

Choose the FSA3500 for low speed flows, water flows, medical sprays, sprinklers, and general purpose flows and sprays. Choose the FSA4000 forhigh speed air flows, dense sprays and flows, pulsed fuel sprays, supersonic wind tunnels, combustion applications, and other advancedapplications.

Fiberlight Model Applications

FBL-1 One-component LDV and PDPA systems

FBL-2 Two-component LDV and PDPA systems

FBL-3 Three-component LDV and PDPA systems

Fiberlight Model FBL-3

LDV and PDPA System

Signal Processor Benefits

FSA3500 Good cost/performance ratio for general LDV measurements. Has all the patented features of the FSA4000,but suitable for lower speed flows, typically under 100m/s.

FSA4000 High-speed signal processor for LDV. The FSA4000 has the power and speed required by high-speed flows.

FSA3500 P Economical choice for general PDPA measurements. Has all the patented features of the FSA4000, butsuitable for lower speed sprays and flows, typically under 100m/s.

FSA4000 P High-speed signal processor for PDPA. The FSA4000 has the power and speed required by dense sprays,high-speed flows, small beam waist situations, and specialized applications with short transit times or poorSNR signals.

PDM Type Applications

PDM1000 LDV systems

PDM1000 P PDPA systems

PDM1000 LP Combination LDV and PDPA systems

Photo-Detector Modules (PDM)The Photo-Detector Module (PDM) converts optical signals toelectronic signals and conditions them for the FSA. All optics arecontained within a unique interchangeable “Light Bar” to make it quickand easy to switch between LDV mode and PDPA mode. The PDM iscompact and easy to hook up, requiring no alignment.

FSA4000 Signal ProcessorEIC External Input BoxPDM1000 Detector Module


Components

FLOWSIZER™ System SoftwareFLOWSIZER is simply the most complete, easy-to-use, software package for LDV and PDPA systems. FLOWSIZER includesthe entire software package, including graphics, particle sizing, traverse control, power spectrum, and data export. WithTSI, there are never any software add-ons to buy – you are never left unable to maximize a system’s capability simplybecause you need to buy yet another software add-on.

TSI set the standard in mouse-based graphical laser Doppler and phase Doppler software, with the FIND™ andDataView™ software packages. Intensity Validation (patented* by TSI) has always been an important part of TSI PhaseDoppler Particle Analyzer software. FLOWSIZER continues this tradition by offering flexible user-defined graphs, user-defined statistics windows, and user-definedtraverse scans. FLOWSIZER, designed for WindowsXP, also offers full rotating machinery support,with user-defined bin averaging of all the majormeasured variables.

FLOWSIZER’s traverse support includes drivers forseveral popular traverse systems and includes aunique “Sweep-Capture” function that sweepsthrough the spray and simultaneously acquiresdata. For better compatibility with numericalmodeling, FLOWSIZER includes several diameterfitting routines, including Rosin-Rammler, Log-Normal, and Nukiyama-Tanasawa. Fullyintegrated Probe Volume Correction (PVC) andIntensity Validation make FLOWSIZER the front-runner for accuracy in volume flux,concentration and volume statistics. No othersoftware comes close to FLOWSIZER.* US Patent 4986659

Fiber Optic Probes

Transceiver and Transmitter ProbesChoosing the right probe for your application could not be easier.From large to small, TSI has the probe for your application. MostLDV applications use the TR 60 series probes, since they arerobust, versatile, economical, and compatible with our XPD60beam expander. TR160 and TR260 are available in standard aswell as submersible stainless steel versions. The TR360 is a three-component probe, able to measure all three velocitycomponents. Most PDPA applications use the TM 50 seriestransmitter probe for its versatility and compatibility with theinternal XPD 50 series beam expanders. Special applicationsrequire the use of our compact 25mm diameter TR 20 seriesprobe, or miniature 15mm diameter TR 10 series probe. Pleaserefer to the Fiber Optic Probes for PDPA/LDV Systems brochurefor more details.

TR 10 Series Transceiver Probe

TM 50 Series Transceiver Probe TR 60 Series Transceiver Probe

TR 20 Series Transceiver Probe

Courtesy Prof. William Asher and Trina Litchendorf,Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington


Probe Benefits

TR 10 Series Compact, sealed, water-tight probe for “in-flow” applications and for use with the TSI IC Engine Adaptor.

TR 20 Series Sealed stainless probes for use in air or under water.

TR 50 Series The best probe for PDPA systems. Large selection of lenses and fully compatible with internal 2.0x beamexpander/0.5x beam contractor. TM 50 probes can also be used with the XPD50E external beamexpander to measure dense sprays. Heavy-duty precision probe mount is included.

TR 60 Series The most popular choice for an LDV probe. Wide selection of focusing lenses available. Large 61mmcollection aperture for better data rates. Heavy-duty precision probe mount is included.

Probe Applications

RV 70 Series General purpose receiver for most sizing applications.

RV 100 Series Dense sprays, long stand-off, or small particle applications.

Receiver ProbesPDPA receiver probes are an important part of your PDPA system. Selection of the best probe is made easier because the RV 70 series receiverhas all of the most-needed features designed-in. For specialized applications dealing with very small particles and dense sprays, the extendedrange and large aperture of the RV 100 series probe is recommended.

Transceiver and Transmitter Probes

RV 70 Series PDPA Receiver

RV 100 Series PDPA Receiver

LDV and PDPA

TraversesTSI Traverse Systems are used for capturing size and velocity profiles in a flow with FLOWSIZER™

software-based LDV or phase Doppler systems. The T3D/T3DE traverse offers complete versatility,allowing the probes to scan in the XYZ directions, without needing to change the traverse hardwareconfiguration. The T3DL offers longer travel in all three directions, and the T3DH offers extra heavy-load carrying capacity. The “E” designates 220~240VAC supply voltage. All traverses include ahand-held remote for easy set up and are compatible with FLOWSIZER’s™ “Sweep Capture” mode.

Traverse Model Number Benefits

T1D, T2D, T3D, T1DE, T2DE, T3DE, T1DE, T3DE Most popular traverses, with 1, 2, or 3 axes of motion. “E” designates 240VAC model.

T3DL, T3DLE Extended traverse travel to over 1m in all three directions.

T3DH, T3DHE Heavy duty traverse for large U-Rail systems.

Model Number Benefits

6390A Desktop PC that is customized for use with all FSA based LDV and PDPA systems. FLOWSIZER™ comes preinstalledand tested.

900702 This power meter has analog and digital readouts for the best in accuracy and ease-of-use.

EB, EIC All you need to begin taking data with rotating or repetitive events. The EB allows analog and reset type signals tobe interfaced to the FSA, while the EIC also allows digital and shaft encoder type signal connectivity.

Optical AccessoriesTSI offers a complete line of accessories to help you get the most out of your PDPA or LDV system. The6390A is a specially configured computer that assures quick start-up and efficient data collection(supplied locally outside the USA). Our 900702 Laser Power Meter offers a sensitive detector head aswell as both analog and digital readouts. The EB and EIC allow increased connectivity to your FSA signalprocessor by combining analog, digital, shaft encoder, and reset signals with your measured data.


System Accessories

Model Type Applications

900805 Dye-Impregnated PSL Particles* Popular choice for micro-PIV measurements

10081 Silicon Carbide Particles Combustion, high-temperature, or reactive flows

10084 Nylon Particles General liquid flows with lower velocities

100815A PSL Particles* Suitable for general measurements in liquid flows

10086A Titanium Dioxide Particles Combustion, high-temperature, or reactive flows

10087 Metallic Coated Particles Yields strong signals in liquid flows

10089 Hollow Glass Beads Reactive liquid flows, other liquid flows

10089-SLVR Silver Coated Hollow Glass Beads A favorite for liquid flows

9302 Single Jet Atomizer Useful for checking alignment and small scale flows

9306 Six Jet Atomizer Small to medium scale flows, including IC engines

9307 Laskin Nozzle Aerosol Generator Mid-range wind tunnels and other medium scale flows

9307-6 Six-jet Laskin Nozzle Aerosol Generator Large scale flows and wind tunnels

9308 Large-scale Fog Generator Large scale flows and open-loop wind tunnels

Seed Particles and Generators The correct choice of seed particles is critical to the successful execution ofLDV experiments. Thus, TSI offers a full range of seed particles to satisfy eventhe most difficult measurement requirements. Available seed particles includesilicon carbide, nylon, polystyrene, titanium dioxide, and silver-coated glass, toname a few. When particle generation is more cost-effective and experimentallycompatible, you have a wide choice of TSI particle generators.

* PSL = Polystyrene Latex

TSI Incorporated - 500 Cardigan Road, Shoreview, MN 55126-3996 USA

USA Tel: +1 800 874 2811 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tsi.comUK Tel: +44 149 4 459200 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tsiinc.co.ukFrance Tel: +33 491 95 21 90 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tsiinc.frGermany Tel: +49 241 523030 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tsiinc.deSweden Tel: +46 8 595 13230 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tsi.seIndia Tel: +91 80 41132470 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +86 10 8260 1595 E-mail: [email protected]

Contact your local TSI Distributor or visit our website www.tsi.com for more detailed specifications.P/N 5001100 Rev A Copyright © 2007 by TSI Incorporated Printed in U.S.A.

TRUST. SCIENCE. INNOVATION.

TSI Incorporated serves a global market by investigating, identifying and solving measurement problems. As an industry leader in the design and production of precisioninstruments, TSI partners with research institutions and customers around the world to set the standard for measurements relating to aerosol science, air flow, indoor air quality,fluid dynamics and biohazard detection. With headquarters based in the U.S. and field offices throughout Europe and Asia, TSI has established a worldwide presence in themarkets we serve. Every day, our dedicated employees turn research into reality.

SpecificationsMinimum Velocity-150m/s typical

Maximum Velocity>1000m/s with FSA4000 Signal Processor

Maximum Sample Rate400MHz (FSA3500) or 800MHz (FSA 4000)

Maximum Data Rate100kHz

Minimum Diameter0.5µm

Maximum Diameter~4mm with XPD50 series beam expander

PDPA Receiver Angle~30 deg or ~150deg for refraction typicalUser-friendly software calculation of slope factor for all possible angles

Particle TypeSpecular (smooth) and spherical, transparent or opaque

UpgradeabilityUpgrade path from 1D LDV to 3D PDPA

ComponentsUp to three: 1D, 2D, 3D

Amperage1.5A @ 100~120VAC, 0.8A @ 220~240VAC

Voltage100 ~ 240 VAC

Operating Temperature0 ~ 40 deg C

Documents

PDPA LDV Family Brochure