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ENH1118
Selected Miticides for Use on Ornamental Plants1
Robert H. Stamps and Lance S. Osborne2
1. This document is ENH1118, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date February 2009. Revised January 2013. Visit the EDIS Web site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2. Robert H. Stamps, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, and Lance S. Osborne, professor, Entomology and Nematology Department, and associate director, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center--Apopka, FL, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, Dean
Mites are among the most difficult arthropod pests to control on ornamental plants. Adult mites have eight legs and piercing/sucking mouthparts that are used to suck fluids from the cells of host plants (Denmark, 1969). The first immature stage of a mite, referred to as the larva, has only six legs, like insects. The exceptions are the Eriophyid mites, which have four legs in all stages. Mites are not insects, but are more closely related to spiders and ticks. Thousands of species of mites feed on plants.
Spider mites, members of the Tetranychidae family, are perhaps the most important mite pests of ornamental plants. The name, spider mites, is due to the many members of this family that produce silk webbing. Spider mites are medium-sized mites that feed on a wide variety of host plants from many different plant families. Some spider mites are bamboo, Lewis, southern red, spruce, tumid and twospotted mites (Figure 1).
Members of the false spider mites family, Tenuipalpidae, do not produce silk webbing, but a number of these species feed on ornamental plants. False spider mites are generally smaller than spider mites. Examples of false spider mites are flat and red palm mites.
Some Tarsonemid mites (family Tarsonemidae) are smaller than even false spider mites. This family includes broad and cyclamen mites.
Eriophyid mites (Eriophyidae family) are too small to be seen with the naked eye (Figure 2) and include bud, gall, purple tea and rust mites, among others. As their names
suggest, these mites can cause galls, rusts and other abnor-mal plant growth.
There are other families of mites that have crop-damaging members, but the mites named above are the main mite pests of ornamental plants.
Mites of a given species can develop very rapidly when temperatures, relative humidities, host plants and other factors are optimal. In fact, for many, the time to develop from an egg to an adult can be less than a week. Generally, development occurs more rapidly at higher temperatures, up to a point. Due to mites’ rapid development, scouting should be performed frequently (at least once per week), and miticide applications may need to be made on weekly
Figure 1. A male twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and eggs on underside of a leafCredits: L. Osborne
2
or more-frequent intervals (be sure to check the miticide labels for instructions and restrictions associated with spray intervals) during the summer.
DetectionFrequent, careful inspection of plants is necessary to detect mite infestations before they reach epidemic levels and cause severe plant damage. By the time plant symptoms become very obvious to the unaided eye, control of the mites will be difficult and potentially expensive. Early detection can limit damage and facilitate economical control of mites. Careful inspection is necessary because damage due to mites can, on some plants, resemble that from other causes. For example, symptoms can look similar to insect feeding, nutritional deficiencies, physiological stress, herbicide damage, etc.
Since many mites feed on the undersides of leaves, these are important sites to check. Spider mites can usually be detected on older leaves, whereas Tarsonemids are often found on young leaves. False spider mites often feed near the midrib or veins. Silvery speckling/stippling of the upper leaf surface is a characteristic symptom of leaf feeding (Figure 3). Fine thread-like webbing may also be present (spider mites). Mites may also feed on petioles, stems, buds and other plant parts. Mite feeding can cause a multitude of symptoms, such as leaf cupping, discoloration, distor-tion, spotting, speckling and stunting, stem russeting and discoloration, as well as distorted and discolored flowers.
Because mites are so small, the use of a magnifying hand lens (10x) will make it easier to observe them. Another technique frequently used to detect mites, especially on crops with fine foliage like ornamental asparagus, is to slap
stems firmly on a light-colored surface, such as a white painter’s palette or a sheet of white paper on a clipboard. If mites are present, they will be easily seen as small, moving spots.
ControlBoth biological control agents and miticides are available for controlling mites. For example, the predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Figure 4), can effectively control twospotted spider mites. At least 15 other predators are commercially available for control of this and other pests (Osborne and Peña, 1997; mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/SpMite/Mites-Ornamentals.pdf). P. persimilis has been used successfully to control twospotted spider mites on many plants growing in protected culture (greenhouses and shadehouses). N. californicus is just as effective, and it tolerates pesticide residues better than P. persimilis and also feeds on broad mites [Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)]. For more information on biological control of mites, refer to the following website: mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/SpMite/
Figure 2. Eriophyid mites are cigar shaped, translucent, and very tiny.Credits: L. Osborne
Figure 3. Stippling due to flat mite feeding on an orchid leafCredits: L. Osborne
Figure 4a.
3
b853a1.htm. A listing of commercial suppliers of biological mite control agents is available at www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pestmgt/ipminov/bensup.pdf.
Besides frequently scouting crops to detect mite infesta-tions early, growers should avoid using pesticides that are harmful to eggs, immatures and adults of predatory mites. Companies that supply mite predators furnish customers with lists delineating the effects of pesticides on the predators. (See “side effects” at www.biobest.be and www.koppert.nl/e005.shtml/).
For chemical mite control, the use of broad-spectrum insecticides/miticides (especially products with long-lived residual activity, such as the pyrethroids listed in Table 1) is generally not recommended. These insecticides/miticides may directly or indirectly harm beneficial insects and/or mites, and a rapid increase in existing plant-feeding mite populations may result. Use of the insecticide carbaryl is also known to occasionally increase twospotted spider mite infestations on susceptible plants. Therefore, selective chemicals that specifically target plant-feeding mites should be used.
Predatory mites must be released as soon as pest mites are detected, and the number of predatory mites released must be sufficient to ensure control of the pest mites (Osborne et al., 1985; mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/SpMite/mite-bc.pdf). As mentioned previously, check with biological control sup-pliers for guidance and to find out which predatory-mite strains are resistant or susceptible to specific pesticides.
This information can help in making decisions regarding pesticide use. For more information on biological control, see Osborne and Peña, 1997 (mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/SpMite/Mites-Ornamentals.pdf).
Although mites can become resistant to miticides; several techniques can reduce the likelihood of this happening. First, minimize miticide usage by incorporating biological and cultural methods into your pest management program. Practice good sanitation methods and use mite resistant crops and varieties. Scout frequently (at least once a week) and only apply miticides when necessary. Design growing areas so all areas can be easily and effectively treated. Mite populations should be monitored closely for at least a week after application to determine if the application was effec-tive. Some materials can take at least a week before they will have an impact.
Do not use miticides with the same mode of action in suc-cession. Rather, practice long-term rotations, using as many effective products with different modes of action as pos-sible. For example, carbamates and organophosphates both work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is important in the proper functioning of the nervous system. Most of the other classes of miticides have different modes of action. In the rotations, do not use inferior-performing products. Using them is wasteful and could slow or prevent the breaking of the mite population cycle. Table 1 lists miticides commonly used on ornamental crops and the mode of action groups for these miticides. Active ingredients, trade names, formulations and labeling (appli-cation locations, restricted use designations, restricted entry intervals [REIs] and manufacturer/distributors’ names are also given). Users of any pesticide should make sure they have the current label since labels may change over time. In addition, users should read labels in their entirety and comply with the label’s directions and restrictions. Table 2 lists the addresses of the manufacturers/distributors of the miticides listed in Table 1. Another useful strategy for controlling mites is to include products with a non-specific mode of action, where possible, into a rotation. This group includes insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils.
Miticides should only be used as labeled (“the label is the law”). Fortunately, some miticides have general labeling that allows them to be used, at the grower’s risk, on a broad range of crops not specifically listed on the label. Prudent growers should test multiple applications of any miticide if it is likely that it will be used more than once. In addition, to enhance miticide efficacy, surfactants and adjuvants maybe included if there are no label restrictions.
Figure 4. Predatory mites like Neoseiulus californicus (Figure 4a) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Figure 4b) can be used to control plant-damaging mites.Credits: L. Osborne
4
Allow sufficient time after treating the test plants for phyto-toxicity symptoms to develop. If a new miticide will be used in tank mixes or in close sequences with other pesticides, evaluate the potential for plant injury (phytotoxicity) on a small number (about 10) of plants of each species and cultivar before treating all the plants of each crop. These tolerance tests should take into consideration the potential interactions with other pesticides used in the pest control program.
It is essential to read pesticide labels since all restrictions related to where each product can be used (greenhouse, shadehouse, interiorscape, outdoor field nursery, outdoor nursery, landscape, residential landscape), how it can be applied (chemigation, spray, aerial, etc.), on what growing media it can be used, etc., must be observed. State and local labeling may differ from and be more restrictive than federal labeling. Pesticide applicators should always review product labels before using any pesticide and have all pertinent labels (including supplemental labels) in their possession prior to use of any pesticide.
Selected ReferencesDenmark, H. A. 1969. Two-spotted spider mite on chry-santhemum. Fla. Dept. of Agr. and Consumer Serv., Div. of Plant Industry, Ento. Circ. No. 89.
Osborne, L. S., L. E. Ehler and J. R. Nechols. 1985. Biologi-cal control of the twospotted spider mite in greenhouses. Univ. of Fla., Inst. of Food and Agr. Sci., Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 853 (technical) mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/SpMite/b853a1.htm.
Osborne, L. S. and J. Peña. 1997. More than you want to know about mites and their biological control on ornamentals. Proc. of the 13th Society of American Florists’ Conference on Insect and Disease Management on Ornamentals. pp. 53–85. mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/SpMite/Mites-Ornamentals.pdf
Sabelis, M. W. 1981. Biological control of twospotted spider mites using phytoseiid predators. I. Agric. Res. Report 910, Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Zhang, Z. 2003. Mites of Greenhouses: Identification, Biology and Control. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
5
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
1A
C
arba
ryl
Car
bary
l, S
evin
®
80 S
, 4 S
L (4
3%
ai t ),
4 S
(4
4.1%
)
Erio
phyi
d
O
Yes
12
D
rexe
l, B
ayer
, P
roko
z, o
ther
s Th
orou
gh c
over
age
of
uppe
r- an
d lo
wer
-leaf
su
rface
s is
impo
rtant
. U
se m
ay in
crea
se
twos
potte
d sp
ider
mite
po
pula
tions
. 1B
di
azin
on
s
Dia
zino
n®
AG
500
4 E
C (4
8% a
i) C
erta
in
spid
er m
ites,
cy
clam
en,
mite
s,
carn
atio
n bu
d an
d sh
oot m
ites
O
n N
o 12
H
elen
a O
nly
for c
erta
in la
bele
d cr
ops.
dim
etho
ate
Cyg
on®,
Dim
etho
ate
2 E
C (2
3% a
i);
4EC
(43.
5–44
.8%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Tars
onem
id,
Tenu
ipal
pid,
Te
trany
chid
I, A
On
No
48
Sout
hern
Ag
ricul
tura
l In
sect
icid
es,
Che
min
ova,
D
rexe
l, H
elen
a
Labe
l lis
ts o
nly
certa
in
plan
t use
s an
d fo
r som
e ki
nds
of s
pide
r mite
s.
disu
lfoto
n
Di-S
ysto
n®
15 G
O
N
o 48
B
ayer
La
bele
d on
ly fo
r use
on
firs
(Chr
istm
as tr
ees)
. 2A
en
dosu
lfan
E
ndos
ulfa
n,
Th
ione
x®
3 E
C (3
3.7–
34.0
% a
i) Ta
xus
bud
mite
I,
A O
n N
o 48
, 24
Dre
xel,
Mak
htes
him
-Ag
an
Shr
ubs
and
trees
.
Th
ione
x®
50 W
Ta
xus
bud
mite
, cy
clam
en
O
n N
o 24
M
akht
eshi
m-
Agan
3 r bi
fent
hrin
A
ttain
® T
R
aero
sol (
4% a
i) S
pide
r
G
Yes
12
W
hitm
ire M
icro
-G
en
Tota
l rel
ease
aer
osol
. S
igni
fican
t res
ista
nce
has
been
det
ecte
d in
so
me
popu
latio
ns o
f sp
ider
mite
s.
6
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
Atta
in®,
Bife
nthr
in,
Broa
dcid
e,
Tals
tar®
, UP-
Sta
r, et
c.
0.67
F [S
C]
(7.9
% a
i) Sp
ider
and
br
oad
G
, On,
S
Yes
12
W
hitm
ire M
icro
-G
en, Q
uali-
Pro
, R
egal
, FM
C,
Uni
ted
Phos
phor
us
Sig
nific
ant r
esis
tanc
e ha
s be
en d
etec
ted
in
som
e po
pula
tions
of
mite
s.
cyha
loth
rin
S
cim
itar®
0.
88 G
C (9
.7%
ai
) S
pide
r
G, I
, O, S
ye
s 24
S
ynge
nta
Sig
nific
ant r
esis
tanc
e ha
s be
en d
etec
ted
in
som
e po
pula
tions
of
mite
s.
fenp
ropa
thrin
T
ame®
2.
4 E
C (3
0.9%
ai
) S
pide
r
G, I
, O, S
Y
es
24
Val
ent
Sig
nific
ant r
esis
tanc
e ha
s be
en d
etec
ted
in
som
e po
pula
tions
of
mite
s.
fluva
linat
e M
avrik
A
quaf
low
®
2 F
(22.
3% a
i) S
pide
r
G, I
, O
Yes
12
W
ellm
ark
Inte
rnat
iona
l S
igni
fican
t res
ista
nce
has
been
det
ecte
d in
so
me
popu
latio
ns o
f m
ites.
6
abam
ectin
A
bam
ectin
, A
vid®
0.15
EC
(1.9
–2%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der,
Tars
onem
id,
Tenu
ipal
pid
E, I
, A
G, O
, S
Yes
12
Q
uali-
pro,
S
ynge
nta
Tran
slam
inar
, als
o su
ppre
sses
aph
ids,
th
rips
and
whi
tefli
es. D
o no
t use
on
Sha
sta
dais
ies
or fe
rns.
R
esis
tanc
e ha
s be
en
dete
cted
in s
ome
popu
latio
ns o
f tw
ospo
tted
spid
er m
ites
milb
emec
tin
U
ltiflo
ra
0.
0775
EC
(1%
ai
) E
rioph
yid,
S
pide
r, Ta
rson
emid
, Te
nuip
alpi
d
E, I
, A
Of
Yes
12
G
owan
Ap
ply
no m
ore
than
128
fl
oz p
er a
cre
per y
ear.
7
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
10
A q
clof
ente
zine
O
vatio
n®
1 S
C (4
2% a
i) S
pide
r E
, I
G, O
n, S
Y
es
12
Eve
rris
NA
O
nly
one
appl
icat
ion
per
crop
cyc
le. G
ood
resi
dual
co
ntro
l. U
nsta
ble
in
alka
line
solu
tions
. Use
ful
in IP
M p
rogr
ams.
Brig
ht
mag
enta
in c
olor
, res
idue
m
ay b
e no
ticea
ble.
he
xyth
iazo
x H
exyg
on
50
WP
S
pide
r E
, I
G, I
, O, S
C
an a
lso
be u
sed
in
land
-sc
apes
Yes
12
G
owan
P
rovi
des
resi
dual
con
trol.
10B
et
oxaz
ole
Beet
hove
n™
TR
aero
sol (
5% a
i) S
pide
r, Te
nuip
alpi
d E
, I
G
Gre
enho
use
orna
men
tals
4+
p to
24
Whi
tmire
Mic
ro-
Gen
Tr
ansl
amin
ar a
ctiv
ity,
usef
ul in
IPM
pro
gram
s.
Bes
t use
d in
ear
ly s
tage
s of
infe
stat
ions
. Use
no
mor
e th
an tw
ice
per
crop
ping
cyc
le. S
teril
izes
ad
ult m
ites.
Tetra
San
5
WD
G
G, I
, Lr,
O,
S
Yes
12
V
alen
t US
A
12B
q
fe
nbut
atin
-ox
ide
(als
o kn
own
as
hexa
kis)
Pro
MIT
E
(form
erly
V
ende
x)
50 W
P
Spi
der
I, A
G, O
Y
es
48
SeP
RO
Fo
r bes
t res
ults
, app
ly
whe
n m
ite p
opul
atio
ns
are
just
beg
inni
ng to
bu
ild.
Thor
ough
and
co
mpl
ete
cove
rage
is
nece
ssar
y fo
r opt
imum
co
ntro
l. P
erfo
rms
best
w
hen
daily
tem
pera
ture
at
app
licat
ion
aver
ages
ab
ove
70°F
. May
be
appl
ied
whe
n ho
neyb
ees
and
bene
ficia
l mite
s ar
e pr
esen
t.
8
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
13
ch
lorfe
napy
r P
ylon
®
2 S
C (2
1.4%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der,
Tars
onem
id
I G
N
o 12
O
HP
Tr
ansl
amin
ar a
ctiv
ity.
Avoi
d ap
plyi
ng to
bl
oom
ing
flow
ers.
No
mor
e th
an th
ree
appl
icat
ions
(not
mor
e th
an th
e 41
fl o
z of
pr
oduc
t per
100
gal
per
cr
op p
er s
easo
n or
0.6
4 lb
ai p
er 1
00 g
al p
er c
rop
per s
easo
n) s
houl
d be
ap
plie
d du
ring
a cr
op
grow
ing
cycl
e (s
tart
to
finis
h fo
r one
orn
amen
tal
crop
). N
ote
sens
itive
pl
ants
on
labe
l. 20
Bq
aceq
uino
cyl
Shu
ttle
15
SC
(15.
8%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der,
Tenu
ipal
pid
E (s
ome)
, I
G,
On,
S
Yes
12
A
ryst
a Li
feS
cien
ce
Com
patib
le w
ith IP
M
prog
ram
s. D
o no
t app
ly
succ
essi
ve a
pplic
atio
ns,
rota
te w
ith tr
eatm
ents
ha
ving
diff
eren
t mod
es o
f ac
tion.
Not
for u
se o
n m
ini-r
oses
. 21
A
fenp
yrox
imat
e A
kari®
5
SC
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der
Tars
onem
id
I G
, I, O
n Y
es
12
SeP
RO
D
o no
t app
ly m
ore
than
48
fl o
z pe
r cro
p cy
cle
or
grow
ing
seas
on.
pyrid
aben
S
anm
ite®
75 W
P
Spi
der,
Tars
onem
id,
Tenu
ipal
pid
I, A
(som
e)
G, O
, S
Yes
12
E
verri
s N
A
Do
not e
xcee
d 21
.34
oz
per a
cre
per y
ear.
23
spiro
mes
ifen
Judo
4 F
[SC
] (45
.2%
ai
) E
rioph
yid,
S
pide
r, E
, I, A
(s
ome)
G
, On,
S
Yes
12
O
HP
Tr
ansl
amin
ar a
ctiv
ity. D
o no
t app
ly m
ore
than
9
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
Fo
rbid
4
F [S
C] (
45.2
%
ai)
Tars
onem
id,
Tenu
ipal
pid
O
l na
o
Bay
er
thre
e tim
es p
er s
easo
n an
d do
not
mak
e su
cces
sive
app
licat
ions
. C
heck
Jud
o Te
chni
cal
Bul
letin
at
ww
w.O
HP
.com
for l
ist o
f se
nsiti
ve p
lant
s.
sp
irote
tram
at
Kon
tos®
2
SC
(22.
4% a
i) E
rioph
yid,
S
pide
r, Ta
rson
emid
E, I
G
, On
Yes
24
nO
HP
A
pply
pre
vent
ativ
ely
or
as s
oon
as m
ites
are
dete
cted
. Sys
tem
ic, b
oth
dow
nwar
d an
d up
war
d.
un q
bi
fena
zate
Fl
oram
ite®
2 S
C (2
2.6%
) S
pide
r E
(som
e), I
, A
G
, I, O
, S
Yes
12
O
HP
C
ompa
tible
with
IPM
and
re
sist
ance
man
agem
ent
prog
ram
s. D
o no
t app
ly
mor
e th
an 3
2 flu
id o
z pe
r ac
re p
er y
ear.
Not
ef
fect
ive
agai
nst
erio
phyi
d or
tars
onem
id
mite
s. A
djus
t spr
ay w
ater
pH
to b
elow
7.
6 +
un
bife
naza
te +
ab
amec
tin
Siro
cco™
4.
2 S
C (4
5.4%
ai
) E
rioph
yid,
S
pide
r, Ta
rson
emid
E (s
ome)
, I,
A
G, I
, O, S
Y
es
12
OH
P
—
oils
q
oil;
cotto
nsee
d,
clov
e, g
arlic
GC
-Mite
70
LC
S
pide
r E
, I, A
Yes
JH B
iote
ch
Goo
d co
vera
ge
impo
rtant
. O
MR
Im li
sted
.
oil,
neem
Tr
iact
®
70 E
C
Spi
der
E, I
, A
G, O
Y
es
4 O
HP
oil,
para
ffini
c O
mni
Oil,
Om
ni
Supr
eme
Spr
ay
6E (9
8% a
i) E
rioph
yid,
S
pide
r E
, I, A
O
N
o 4
Hel
ena
Spra
y no
mor
e th
an 4
tim
es d
urin
g th
e gr
owin
g se
ason
; us
e a
two-
wee
k-m
inim
um a
pplic
atio
n in
terv
al.
10
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
U
ltra-
Fine
® O
il (9
8.8%
ai)
Spi
der
E, I
, A
G, I
, O
Yes
4
Whi
tmire
Mic
ro-
Gen
oil,
petro
leum
S
af-T
-Sid
e E
C (8
0.0%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der,
Tars
onem
id
E, I
, A
G, O
N
o 4
Bra
ndt
Con
solid
ated
To
tal c
over
age
impo
rtant
.
Om
ni S
upre
me
Spra
y (p
araf
fin
base
)
(98%
ai)
E
, I, A
O
N
o 4
Hel
ena
For s
hade
tree
s an
d sh
rubs
.
Targ
et
E
C (8
0.0%
ai)
E
, I, A
G
, O, S
h Y
es
4 Fl
orik
an E
.S.A
.
Dam
oil™
, Pu
reS
pray
G
reen
, Ultr
a-P
ure
Oil
(98%
ai)
E
, I, A
G
, O, S
Y
es
4 D
rexe
l, P
etro
-C
anad
a,
Whi
tmire
Mic
ro-
Gen
OM
RI l
iste
d ex
cept
D
amoi
l™.
oil,
rose
mar
y an
d m
int
Eco
Trol
®
EC
(12%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der,
Tars
onem
id
G
, I, O
, S
Yes
0
Eco
SM
AR
T “M
inim
um-ri
sk” p
estic
ide,
m
eets
the
requ
irem
ents
fo
r the
US
DA
Nat
iona
l O
rgan
ic P
rogr
am. G
ood
cove
rage
ver
y im
porta
nt,
leav
es a
n oi
ly re
sidu
e.
oil,
soyb
ean
Gol
den
Pes
t S
pray
Oil
93%
ai
Spi
der
E, I
, A
G, O
, S
Yes
4
Sto
ller
OM
RI l
iste
d.
—
soap
soap
(p
otas
sium
sa
lts o
f fat
ty
acid
s)
M-P
ede®
LC
(49%
ai)
Erio
phyi
d,
Spi
der
E, I
, A
G, I
, O
Y
es
12
Dow
Ag
roSc
ienc
es
OM
RI l
iste
d. T
horo
ugh
cove
rage
ver
y im
porta
nt.
Do
not u
se w
ith s
ulfu
r or
with
in th
ree
days
of a
su
lfur a
pplic
atio
n.
—
sulfu
r
sulfu
r, m
icro
nize
d
Thio
lux®
Jet
80
DF
Spi
der,
Tenu
ipal
pid
G, O
n N
o 24
S
ynge
nta
O
MR
I lis
ted.
Do
not u
se
with
in tw
o w
eeks
of a
n oi
l tre
atm
ent.
Com
plet
e co
vera
ge im
porta
nt.
11
Tabl
e 1.
Sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r use
in c
ontr
ollin
g m
ites
on o
rnam
enta
l pla
nts
Mod
e of
ac
tion
grou
pz A
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Tr
ade
nam
e(s)
Fo
rmul
atio
n(s)
M
ites
cont
rolle
d y
Mite
st
ages
co
ntro
lledx
Loca
tion w
Bro
ad
crop
la
belin
g R
EI v
(hou
rs)
Man
ufac
ture
r/ D
istr
ibut
or u
C
omm
ents
z M
ode
of a
ctio
n cl
assi
ficat
ion
sche
me
(ver
sion
6.1
, Aug
200
8 ) d
evel
oped
by
the
Inse
ctic
ide
Res
ista
nce
Act
ion
Com
mitt
ee (I
RA
C) (
http
://w
ww
.irac
-on
line.
org/
Cro
p_P
rote
ctio
n/M
oA.a
sp).
1 =
Ace
tylc
holin
este
rase
inhi
bito
rs; 2
= G
amm
a-am
inob
utyr
ic a
cid
(GA
BA
)-gat
ed c
hlor
ide
chan
nel a
ntag
onis
ts; 3
= S
odiu
m c
hann
el
mod
ulat
ors;
5 =
Nic
otin
ic a
cety
lcho
line
rece
ptor
ago
nist
s (a
llost
eric
) (no
t gro
up 4
), 6
= C
hlor
ide
chan
nel a
ctiv
ator
s; 1
0 =
Com
poun
ds o
f unk
now
n or
non
-spe
cific
mod
e of
act
ion
(gro
wth
inhi
bito
rs);
12 =
Inhi
bito
rs o
f oxi
dativ
e ph
osph
oryl
atio
n, d
isru
ptor
s of
ATP
form
atio
n; 1
3 =
Unc
oupl
er o
f oxi
dativ
e ph
osph
oryl
atio
n vi
a di
srup
tion
of p
roto
n gr
adie
nt, 2
0 =
Mito
chon
dria
l com
plex
III e
lect
ron
trans
port
inhi
bito
rs, 2
1 =
Mito
chon
dria
l com
plex
I el
ectro
n tra
nspo
rt in
hibi
tors
; 23
= In
hibi
tors
of l
ipid
syn
thes
is; u
n =
Com
poun
ds w
ith u
nkno
wn
mod
e of
act
ion;
— =
not
IRA
C li
sted
but
may
con
trol m
ites
phys
ical
ly (i
.e.,
desi
ccat
ion,
mem
bran
e di
srup
tion,
suf
foca
tion,
etc
.).
y E
rioph
yid
(bud
, gal
l, pu
rple
tea,
rust
), Ta
rson
emid
(bro
ad, c
ycla
men
), Te
nuip
alpi
d (fl
at m
ites,
fals
e sp
ider
mite
s, re
d pa
lm m
ite),
Tetra
nych
idae
[spi
der m
ites]
(bam
boo,
clo
ver,
Lew
is, s
outh
ern
red,
spr
uce,
tum
id, t
wos
potte
d).
x E
= e
gg, I
= im
mat
ures
, A =
adu
lt w L
ocat
ion:
G =
gre
enho
use;
I =
inte
riors
cape
; Lr =
resi
dent
ial l
ands
cape
; Of =
out
door
fiel
d nu
rser
ies;
Ol =
out
door
land
scap
es; O
n =
outd
oor n
urse
ries;
O =
out
door
(inc
lude
s la
ndsc
ape
and
nurs
erie
s); S
= s
hade
hous
e.
v RE
I = re
stric
ted
entry
inte
rval
. u S
ee T
able
2 fo
r com
plet
e na
mes
and
add
ress
es.
.ees
ticid
=
rest
ricte
d-us
e p
sen
t.ed
ir
act
ive
ing
ai =
t
r U
se o
f pyr
ethr
oids
can
dis
rupt
bio
logi
cal c
ontro
l org
anis
ms
(pre
dato
ry b
enef
icia
ls, e
tc.)
and
ther
eby
caus
e su
bseq
uent
mite
pop
ulat
ion
incr
ease
s fo
llow
ing
the
use
of th
ese
broa
d sp
ectru
m in
sect
icid
e/m
itici
des.
q C
an b
e us
ed in
IPM
pro
gram
s w
here
pre
dato
ry m
ites
are
used
. p S
ee la
bel f
or v
entil
atio
n re
quire
men
ts.
o na
= n
ot a
pplic
able
. n
If ap
plie
d to
folia
ge, r
ead
labe
l for
RE
I whe
n ap
plie
d as
a d
renc
h.
m O
MR
I = O
rgan
ic M
ater
ials
Rev
iew
Inst
itute
(ww
w.o
mri.
org)
.
12
Tabl
e 2.
Lis
t of m
itici
de m
anuf
actu
rers
/dis
trib
utor
s.Co
mpa
ny/D
ivis
ion
Add
ress
City
Stat
e/Pr
ovin
ceZi
p Co
deU
RL
Baye
r Env
ironm
enta
l Sci
ence
2 T.
W. A
lexa
nder
Driv
eRe
sear
ch T
riang
le P
ark
NC
2770
9ht
tp://
ww
w.b
ayer
proc
entr
al.c
om
Bra
ndt C
onso
lidat
ed In
dust
ries
2935
S. K
oke
Mill
Rd.
Sprin
gfiel
dIL
6271
1ht
tp://
ww
w.b
rand
tnew
s.com
Che
min
ova
One
Par
k D
rive,
Sui
te 1
50Re
sear
ch T
riang
le P
ark
NC
2770
9ht
tp://
ww
w.c
hem
inov
a.us
.com
Dow
Agr
oSci
ence
s93
30 Z
ions
ville
Rd
Indi
anap
olis
IN46
268
http
://w
ww
.dow
agro
.com
Dre
xel C
hem
ical
1700
Cha
nnel
Ave
nue
Mem
phis
TN38
113
http
://w
ww
.dre
xche
m.c
om
Eco
SMAR
T/Ec
oIPM
318
Seab
oard
Lan
e, S
te 2
08Fr
ankl
inTN
3706
7ht
tp://
ww
w.e
cosm
art.c
om
Ever
ris N
A49
50 B
laze
r Mem
oria
l Par
kway
Dub
linO
H43
017
http
://ev
erris
.us.c
om
Flo
rikan
E.S
.A.
1523
Edg
er P
lace
Sara
sota
FL34
240
http
://flo
rikan
.com
FM
C/Ag
ricul
tura
l Pro
duct
s Gro
up17
35 M
arke
t Str
eet
Phila
delp
hia
PA19
103
http
://w
ww
.fmcp
roso
lutio
ns.c
om
Gow
an37
0 M
ain
Stre
etYu
ma
AZ85
366
http
://w
ww
.gow
anco
.com
Hel
ena
Chem
ical
225
Schi
lling
Blv
d.Co
llier
ville
TN38
017
http
://w
ww
.hel
enac
hem
ical
.com
JH B
iote
ch49
51 O
livas
Par
k D
rVe
ntur
aCA
9300
3ht
tp://
ww
w.jh
biot
ech.
com
Mak
htes
him
-Aga
n of
Nor
th
Amer
ica
(MAN
A)45
15 F
alls
of N
euse
Toad
, Sui
te 3
00Ra
leig
hN
C27
609
http
://w
ww
.man
ainc
.com
OH
PP.O
. Box
230
Mai
nlan
dPA
1945
1-02
30ht
tp://
ohp.
com
Pet
ro-C
anad
aP.O
. Box
284
4Ca
lgar
yAl
bert
aT2
P 3E
3ht
tp://
ww
w.p
etro
-can
ada.
ca
Pro
koz
100
Nor
th P
oint
Cen
ter E
ast,
Suite
330
Alph
aret
taG
A30
022-
8242
http
://w
ww
.pro
koz.
net/
Qua
li-Pr
o45
15 F
alls
of N
euse
Toad
, Sui
te 3
00Ra
leig
hN
C27
609
http
://w
ww
.Qua
li-pr
o.co
m
Reg
al C
hem
ical
600
Bran
ch D
rive
Alph
aret
taG
A30
004
http
://w
ww
.rega
lche
m.c
om
SeP
RO11
550
Nor
th M
erid
ian
Stre
et, S
uite
600
Carm
elIN
4603
2ht
tp://
ww
w.se
pro.
com
Sou
ther
n Ag
ricul
tura
l Ins
ectic
ides
P.O. B
ox 2
18Pa
lmet
toFL
3422
1ht
tp://
ww
w.so
uthe
rnag
.com
Sto
ller E
nter
pris
es40
01 W
Sam
Hou
ston
Pkw
y N
, Sui
te 1
00H
oust
onTX
7704
3ht
tp://
ww
w.st
olle
rusa
.com
Syn
gent
a Pr
ofes
sion
al P
rodu
cts
P.O. B
ox 1
8300
Gre
ensb
oro
NC
2741
9ht
tp://
ww
w.sy
ngen
tapr
ofes
sion
alpr
oduc
ts.
com
Uni
ted
Phos
phor
us, I
nc.
630
Free
dom
Bus
ines
s Cen
ter,
Ste.
402
King
of P
russ
iaPA
1940
6ht
tp://
ww
w.u
pi-u
sa.c
om
Val
ent P
rofe
ssio
nal P
rodu
cts
1701
Gat
eway
Blv
d., S
uite
385
Rich
ards
onTX
7508
0ht
tp://
ww
w.v
alen
t.com
/pro
fess
iona
l/
Wel
lmar
k In
tern
atio
nal
1501
E. W
oodfi
eld
Rd.,
Suite
200
Wes
tSc
haum
burg
IL60
173
http
://w
ww
.wel
lmar
kint
erna
tiona
l.com
Whi
tmire
Mic
ro-G
en R
esea
rch
Labo
rato
ries
3568
Tre
e Co
urt I
ndus
tria
l Blv
d.St
. Lou
isM
O63
122
http
://w
ww
.wm
mg.
com