Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores selection guide This selection guide will help you select the best ArcelorMittal steel grade for your particular application:

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores

ArcelorMittal’s global offer

Product selection guide 4

About ArcelorMittal 6

ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow 8

Global presence 10

A dedicated commercial office close to your region 12

Service offered by our steel service centres 14

Technical support by R&D 16

Products Non-oriented electrical steels (NO) 20Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO) 40Varnishes for electrical steels (VA) 42Transformer cores (TC) 44

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores

3

Product selection guide

This selection guide will help you select the best ArcelorMittal steel grade for your particular application: • Non-oriented electrical steels (NO)• Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO)

Having identified your particular market, you can select your type of application in the table below.Alongside each application you will find a reference to the product data sheet we recommend.

Further in this guide, you will find the product data sheets with a general description for each product:• Main properties• Advantages• Applications• Recommendations for use• Feasibility tables

4

Domestic appliances Reference

Small domestic appliances Microwave oven transformers NO1 NO2

Motors NO1 NO5 NO7

Transformers NO1

Laundry & dishwashers Motors NO5

Refrigeration Compressor motors NO5

Mechanical engineering

Railways Traction motors NO1 NO2

Self-induction coils NO1 GO1

Marine engineering Propulsion engines NO1 NO2

Heavy wheeled vehicles Mining trucks wheel motors NO1 NO2

Automotive Alternators NO6

Traction Electrical and hybrid vehicle traction motors and alternators

NO1 NO2 NO3

Wheel hub motors NO1 NO2

Product selection guide

5

Building industry

Lighting Ballasts NO1 NO2

Cold storage Compressor motors NO1 NO5

Aeronautics & military Reference

Lighting Ballasts NO1 NO2

Cold storage Compressor motors NO1 NO5

Industry Reference

Ventilation / airco Motors for air fans NO1 NO5

Electrical equipment Low-voltage transformers NO1

Welding equipment transformers

NO1

Contactor cores NO1

Electricity meter cores NO1

Micro-motors NO3

Shielding of power lines and transformers for the distribution of electrical power

NO1 NO2

Shielding of electrolysis cells GO1

Electromagnets NO1

Current and potential transformers

NO1 NO2 GO1

Power transformers GO1

Distribution transformers GO1

Industrial motors Medium-power motors NO1 NO2 NO5 NO6

High-power motors NO1 NO2

Generators Medium-power generators NO1 NO2

Wind power Medium- and high-powergenerators

NO1 NO2

Hydro or turbine power stations

Medium- and high-powergenerators

NO1 NO2 NO8 NO9 GO1

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About ArcelorMittal

7

ArcelorMittal is the world’s largest and most global integrated steel company. It has led the consolidation of the world steel industry and today ranks as the only truly global steelmaker.

Innovation and cooperation

Innovation plays a key role at ArcelorMittal. Not only is it the largest steelmaker by volume but ArcelorMittal also offers the broadest range of steel grades, advanced products, steel solutions and cutting-edge technologies.

Close cooperation with customers – involving mutual trust, an open-minded approach and permanent exchanges of personnel – further drives innovation and assists in the development of products and solutions that sustain their competitive edge.

ArcelorMittal is the number one supplier in all major global markets, including automotive, construction, domestic appliances and packaging. Its industrial presence in Europe, Asia, Africa and America gives the Group exposure to all the key steel markets, from emerging to mature – an exposure it continues to enhance through its three dimensional growth strategy of product diversity, geographical reach and vertical integration.

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ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow

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We know that our position in the steel industry brings unique responsibilities. We are committed to setting globally recognised standards with the needs of future generations in mind.

Our goal is to provide the leadership that will transform tomorrow’s steel industry. We have a clear vision of the future, underpinned by a consistent set of values:

Sustainability

We are guiding the evolution of steel to secure the best future for the industry and for generations to come. Our commitment to the world around us extends beyond the bottom line, to include the people in whom we invest, the communities we support and the world in which we operate. This long-term approach is central to our business philosophy.

Quality

We look beyond today to envision the steel of tomorrow. Because quality outcomes depend on quality people, we seek to attract and nurture the best people to deliver superior solutions to our customers.

Leadership

We are visionary thinkers, creating opportunities every day. This entrepreneurial spirit brought us to the forefront of the steel industry. Now, we are moving beyond what the world expects of steel.

* NO: Non-oriented electrical steelsCRML: Cold rolled motor laminationsGO: Grain-oriented electrical steels

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. Electrical steels production plants Products* Online information on

ArcelorMittal Eisenhüttenstadt NO Germany www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Florange NO France www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Fos-sur-Mer NO France www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Frýdek-Místek GO Czech Republic www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal St Chély d’Apcher NO France www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbour Works CRML USA www.arcelormittal.com

. Steel service centres Online information on

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Italia, Monza Italy www.arcelormittal.com/dsitaly

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Italia, Marcon Italy www.arcelormittal.com/dsitaly

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions France, Reims France www.arcelormittal.com/dsfrance

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Spain, Lesaka Spain www.arcelormittal.com/dsiberia

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Germany, Eisenhüttenstadt

Germany www.arcelormittal.com/dsgermany

ArcelorMittal Gonvarri SSC Slovakia, Senica Slovakia www.arcelormittalgonvarri.sk

� Research centres Products* Online information on

ArcelorMittal Global R&D Gent (OCAS) NO/GO Belgium www.ocas.be

ArcelorMittal East Chicago CRML USA www.arcelormittal.com

/ Transformer cores production plant Online information on

ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o. Czech Republic www.technotron.cz

Global presence Electrical steels production plant . Steel service centre . Research centre � Transformer cores production plant /

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12

.Electrical steels: central commercial offices

Location Address E-mail

Europe France (Paris) 5, rue Luigi Cherubini, F-93212 La Plaine Saint-Denis (Paris) - France

[email protected]

North America USA (Chicago) One South Dearborn StreetChicago IL, 60603 USAToll free phone: 1-800-422-9422

[email protected]

Other regions Luxembourg 19, avenue de la Liberté, LU-2930 Luxembourg

[email protected]

Electrical steels: central commercial office .

Electrical steels: local commercial office .

A dedicated commercial office close to your region

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Service offered by the ArcelorMittal steel service centres

Activities

• Slitting coils in all possible widths• Cutting sheets to length• Punching laminations, either as such or

assembled into stacks, with or without thermal post-treatment

• Applying a cupper winding or injecting aluminium into the rotor or stator slots

• Fitting of axles into the machines

Service

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions can provide customers with the magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties of the magnetic materials used.

Backed up by ArcelorMittal Group expertise in electrical steels, the steel service centres are able to provide a wide range of 'tailor-made' solutions as well as 'just-in-time' deliveries.

In addition, the steel service centres also offer customers assistance in selecting the best material and process for their application.

The steel service centres within ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions offer a wide range of activities and services for electrical steels:

For the locations of the steel service centres, see page 10.

For further information about the product range and the service offered, please consult the overview of the commercial contacts on page 12.

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ArcelorMittal R&D has proven experience in:

• Modelling and design of electromagnetic systems

• Optimised electrical steel grade selection• Advanced material characterisation

techniques• Tailor-made magnetic measurement tools

for laboratory or production line

Improve your efficiency

ArcelorMittal R&D validates numerical simulations by comparing these with the results of in-house experiments. Our laboratories are fully equipped to assess the electromagnetic properties of your materials or magnetic cores. In addition to standard measurements based on Epstein frames and single sheet testers, we can perform advanced characterisation using your specific magnetic circuit or your excitation conditions (PWM, harmonics etc).Our engineers and researchers have experience in modelling electromagnetic behaviour of electrical machines, transformers or other systems. ArcelorMittal R&D has many years of experience in optimising designs, providing cost saving solutions with enhanced efficiency. ArcelorMittal R&D can deliver a detailed report listing all simulations and experiments as well

Technical support & services offered by ArcelorMittal’s network of Research & Development centres

as a clear interpretation of results obtained and recommendations for further improvement. We help you, for example, to identify the best combination between the electrical steel grade and your equipment design, resulting in lower energy dissipation and enhanced permeability at reduced cost.

Easy monitoring of your product performance and rapid quality control

ArcelorMittal R&D can supply standard or tailor-made advanced magnetic measuring systems (AMMS) available in different configurations:• 'AMMS Lab' for laboratory testing • 'AMMS Online' for continuous

characterisation of electromagnetic properties of steel strip

All devices ordered include on-site installation, training and maintenance plan.

ArcelorMittal R&D offers a full package of R&D services

In addition to our co-design and co-engineering services in the field of electrical machinery, ArcelorMittal R&D also offers:• R&D partnership• Rapid prototyping• Problem solving• Metallurgical processing• Material characterisation• Training

We offer advanced technology and innovative research within a framework of confidentiality.

For an overview of the ArcelorMittal R&D centres in this area, see the overview on page 10.

Your benefits:

Full range of services• Co-development of new products based on

combining optimised design and selection of the most appropriate electrical steel grade

• Advanced material characterisation methods in our laboratory

• Cost saving numerical finite element modelling of electromagnetic behaviour of your applications (large materials database with for example magnetic properties)

• Quality control by means of advanced magnetic measurement systems

Proven materials expertise• Extensive knowledge of electrical steel

grades, grain-oriented and non-oriented• Expertise in various fields of application:

power generation, asynchronous machines, permanent magnet applications, electro-magnetic valves and actuators, automotive applications, transformers

Skilled staff and top class equipment• In-house laboratory assessment tools• Associated technologies, including advanced

characterisation techniques in the field of chemistry and physical testing

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Non-oriented electrical steels (NO) NO1 Fully processed standard grades 20NO2 Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades 24NO3 Fully processed high frequency grade 26NO4 Fully processed high strength grades 28NO5 Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations 30NO6 Semi-processed high permeability grades 32NO7 Easy Punch steels with guaranteed punchability 34NO8 Cold rolled pole sheet grades 36NO9 Hot rolled pole sheet grades 38

Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO) GO1 Grain-oriented standard grades 40

Varnishes for electrical steels (VA) 42

Transformer cores (TC) 44

Products

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To supply the required level of traction for this huge mining truck, four electrical motors are needed: one for each wheel.

NO1

Fully processed standard grades

20

NO1

Fully processed standard grades

The thin lowest loss grades such as the M230-30A, M210-35A or the M230-35A are of particular interest for high-efficiency or high-power density machines. For high-speed machines in particular, optimal compromises between mechanical strength and low eddy current losses have been worked out.Thicker low loss grades are the choice for large power generators: their high utilisation rate demands the highest possible machine efficiency (hence low losses), with reasonable punching and assembly costs (hence 0.65 mm or 0.50 mm thickness).Thanks to the low coercive field and remanence level of low loss fully processed grades, these steels also are preferred for the production of contactors.Low loss fully processed steels are also beneficial for shielding applications at low frequencies.

Recommendations for use

The properties mentioned above are obtained without heat treatment after stamping. The material as supplied possesses all the required magnetic properties.

>> See next page for the feasibility tables.

Fully processed electrical steels as delivered have guaranteed magnetic properties. These are obtained through careful selection of the most appropriate alloying content – in particular silicon – in combination with the most suitable thermomechanical production processes. ArcelorMittal’s state-of-the-art production facilities are equipped with in-line magnetic measurement systems, for optimal process control.

As well as the maximum loss and minimum polarisation data cited by the standards, ArcelorMittal supplies full magnetic characterisation curves regarding losses, polarisation, permeability and apparent power at different frequencies. Other machine design parameters such as mechanical properties at different temperatures and thermal behaviour are also available on request.

Advantages

A full range of these standard grades is available, so that a steel grade can be selected according to the specific requirements of each application, from low alloy grades offering the advantage of excellent magnetic permeability, thermal conductivity and punchability to alloyed grades offering the advantage of very low losses, even at higher frequencies. A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.

Applications

Fully processed steels are designed for the manufacture of magnetic circuits for motors, transformers and other electrical equipment. The principal applications are in the electrical engineering, domestic appliance, automotive and building industries.

Non-oriented electrical steels

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Fully processed standard grades feasibilities

NO1

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EN 10106:2007Thickness 0.30 mm 0.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 1.00 mm

Grades M230-30A M210-35A* M230-50A* M310-65A M600-100A

M230-35A M250-50A M330-65A M700-100A

M235-35A M270-50A M350-65A M800-100A

M250-35A M290-50A M400-65A M900-100A

M270-35A M310-50A M470-65A M1000-100A

M300-35A M330-50A M530-65A M1300-100A

M330-35A M350-50A M600-65A

M400-50A M700-65A

M470-50A M800-65A

M530-50A M1000-65A

M600-50A

M700-50A

M800-50A

M940-50A

Grades in italic: not included in the standard (yet) * Available on request

JIS C2552:20000.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm

35A230 50A250 65A800

35A250 50A270 65A1000

35A270 50A290

35A300 50A310

50A350

50A400

50A470

50A600

50A700

50A800

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IEC/CEI 60404-8-4:19980.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 1.00 mm

M235-35A 5 M250-50A 5 M310-65A 5 M600-100A 5

M250-35A 5 M270-50A 5 M330-65A 5 M700-100A 5

M270-35A 5 M290-50A 5 M350-65A 5 M800-100A 5

M300-35A 5 M310-50A 5 M400-65A 5 M1000-100A 5

M330-35A 5 M330-50A 5 M470-65A 5 M1300-100A 5

M350-50A 5 M530-65A 5

M400-50A 5 M600-65A 5

M470-50A 5 M700-65A 5

M530-50A 5 M800-65A 5

M600-50A 5 M1000-65A 5

M700-50A 5

M800-50A 5

M940-50A 5

ASTM A 677/A677M:1999 (former AISI)

0.35/0.36 mm 0.47/0.50 mm 0.64/0.65 mm

36F145 (M15) 47F165 (M19) 64F200 (M19)

36F155 (M19) 47F180 (M22) 64F210 (M22)

36F165 (M22) 47F190 (M27) 64F235 (M36)

36F185 (M36) 47F200 (M36) 64F250 (M43)

47F210 (M43) 64F275 (M45)

47F240 (M45) 64F320 (M47)

47F280 (M47)

47F400

47F450

Not exact equivalences

NO2

Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades feasibilities

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No standards availableThickness 0.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm

Grades M330P-35A M330P-50A M470P-65A

M350P-50A

M400P-50A

M400XP-50A

M470P-50A

NO2

Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades

Applications

High permeability is particularly useful for applications such as ballasts and motors, because it makes it possible to build machines that meet the most stringent environmental regulations. High efficiency induction motors (e.g. IE3 efficiency = NEMA premium or even the top level IE4 super premium machines) can be achieved by increasing the amount of copper used, which generally leads to a larger machine, but the use of higher permeability grades can help to avoid this volume expansion.High thermal conductivity is a significant advantage for large machines, where the heat balance can be a significant power limiting factor.High thermal conductivity is a significant advantage for machines working at high frequencies, both for large industry motors as for automotive machines.



The fully processed high permeability electrical steels have guaranteed magnetic properties significantly superior to the requirements of the standards, particularly regarding their polarisation and permeability levels.

The specific chemical composition of ArcelorMittal’s products and our thermomechanical processes result in enhanced structures and textures, which are the key to obtaining steep magnetisation curves with high saturation levels.

Full magnetic characterisation curves are available on request, as well as mechanical and thermal data. The thermal conductivity of these steels is higher than the conductivity of the fully processed standard grades, so the heat generated in the machine due to the losses can be more easily evacuated.

Advantages

The high permeability levels of these grades allow a reduction of the magnetising current required for a given air gap flux. This increases the efficiency of the machine and also makes it possible to increase its specific power rating, thereby reducing the machine's dimensions.High thermal conductivity levels are important, since they facilitate heat evacuation from the machine.A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.


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These grades generate not only increased efficiency, but also a higher specific power rating, which is an important aspect for traction motors for locomotives, like this ICE-3 high-speed train.

NO3

Fully processed high frequency grade feasibilities

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This type of electrical steel is mainly used when weight and volume reduction is essential, for instance in aeronautic or medical applications. The part shown here is used for a breathing aid.

EN 10303:2001 IEC/CEI 404-8-8:1991Thickness 0.20 mm 0.20 mm

Grades NO 20 NO 20

NO3

Fully processed high frequency grade

Applications

This grade is designed for high-speed rotating machines (100 to 5 000 Hz). It allows minimisation of losses due to higher harmonics and clearly increases machine efficiency in the case of non-sinusoidal power supply.This thin, fully processed grade is also used when weight and volume reduction are of major importance, such as in medical or aviation applications.The higher speed applications are also more demanding in terms of mechanical behaviour, which is why our NO 20 grade has been optimised both for yield strength and for eddy current behaviour.



This fully processed high frequency grade has guaranteed magnetic properties in accordance with the standards for medium frequency applications, which specifically concerns thin electrical steels for use at frequencies above 100 Hz. The manufacture of such thin steels – down to 0.20 mm – is particularly demanding for the cold rolling process, especially because the magnetic performance requires a high silicon content, which render the material more brittle. ArcelorMittal’s production facilities are equipped with high performance gauge, tension and flatness control systems to meet this challenge.

The standards require guaranteed loss levels at 400 Hz, but ArcelorMittal can supply full magnetic characterisation curves at various frequencies. Furthermore, mechanical properties at different temperatures and thermal behaviour are available on request.

Advantages

High frequency electrical steels have very low loss levels, especially at high frequencies. These properties are a result of the thin gauge of this material (0.20 mm), its particular chemical composition and its specific thermomechanical processing.

We offer this grade with a C5 coating, for its excellent behaviour at high temperatures, which will also allow machine repairs, and for its insulating properties.


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NO4

Fully processed high strength grades feasibilities

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High strength values, combined with good magnetic properties, make these grades particularly suitable for high-speed rotating machines.

No standards availableThickness 0.50 mm 0.65 mm

Grades M470YS-50A M530YS-65A

NO4

Fully processed high strength grades

Applications

The high strength values, combined with low losses and good permeability, make these grades particularly suitable for high-speed rotating machines. The yield strength is a particularly important property when the teeth have to withstand both strong electromagnetic forces and the mechanical forces resulting from high-speed operation. Rotors with imbedded permanent magnets in synchronous machines and the teeth of machines with concentrated windings will also benefit from higher mechanical strength.



Fully processed high strength grades have not only guaranteed magnetic properties but also guaranteed mechanical properties. A typical characteristic of these grades is the higher strength values compared to the standard grades, both at room temperature and at higher temperature operating conditions. These are obtained through adequate modifications in ArcelorMittal’s fully processed electrical steel production process, resulting in an optimal combination of magnetic and mechanical performance.

Full magnetic characterisation curves at different frequencies as well as thermal behaviour data are available on request.

Advantages

These high strength grades withstand stronger mechanical forces than the standard grades. They are therefore an excellent compromise when a combination of high mechanical strength and low magnetic losses is required.A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.


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Grades M470YS-50A M530YS-65A

Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations feasibilities

NO5

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EN 10341:2006Thickness 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 0.70 mm 0.80 mm 1.00 mm

Grades M340-50K M390-65K M1000-70K M1200-80K M1300-100K

M390-50K M450-65K M1800-100K

M450-50K M520-65K

M560-50K M630-65K

M660-50K M800-65K

M890-50K M1000-65K

M1050-50K M1200-65K

Grades in italic: not included in the standard (yet)

ASTM A683/A726:20050.47/0.50 mm 0.56 mm 0.64/0.65 mm 0.71/0.70 mm 0.79/0.80 mm

47S190/47D190 56D260 64S220 71D410 79D450

47D215 56D310 64S230 71D480 79D540

47D270 56D380 64D260 71D550 79D610

47D330 64D290

47D380 64D360

64D430

64D490

Not exact equivalences; other CRML gauges and loss/perm levels available

IEC/CEI 60404-8-3:2005Thickness 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 0.70 mm 0.80 mm 1.00 mm

Grades M340-50K5 M390-65K5 M1000-70K5 M1200-80K5 M1300-100K5

M390-50K5 M450-65K5 M1800-100K5

M450-50K5 M520-65K5

M560-50K5 M630-65K5

M660-50K5 M800-65K5

M890-50K5 M1000-65K5

M1050-50K5 M1200-65K5


NO5

Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations

Applications

Non-alloyed semi-processed electrical steels are designed for small industrial motors, fans and domestic appliances such as washing machine motors, microwave oven transformers and refrigerator compressors.Alloyed semi-processed electrical steels are designed for similar higher efficiency versions of these applications, as they have lower losses while the permeability remains at a good level.


The punching process needs to be carried out with an appropriate lubricant, which must be selected carefully, especially in the case of the alloyed semi-processed grades.

As delivered, semi-processed electrical steel grades do not have guaranteed magnetic properties. After the laminations are punched, they need to be heat-treated by the customer to develop their magnetic properties. This final annealing treatment reduces losses and improves permeability and polarisation, as a result of recrystallisation, grain growth and for certain grades also decarburisation.

The semi-processed standards describe reference annealing cycles which allow the development of these properties. These reference cycles are applied in ArcelorMittal’s labs to validate the ability of our materials to achieve the required magnetic performance.

Advantages

The punchability of the semi-processed grades has been optimised by the application of an optimised final skin-pass reduction, after the cold rolling and annealing process. Skin-passing produces a controlled surface roughness, ensuring good material behaviour in the punching presses. This roughness also prevents the strips from sticking during the client's final annealing treatment. Regarding magnetic performance, skin-passing also plays an important role by stimulating grain growth during the annealing process.These semi-processed grades are available non-insulated. The final process step of the (decarburising) annealing treatment carried out by the client provides a suitable atmosphere and the right thermal conditions for blueing: the formation of an oxide film, which creates the required surface insulation layer.


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These steels are designed for domestic appliances (e.g. washing machine motors), small industrial motors, fans and this electric drill.

These high permeability grades have been proven to enhance the efficiency of industrial motors.

Semi-processed high permeability grades feasibilities

NO6

32


Grades M450P-50K M600P-65K

M560XP-50K M700XP-65K

Semi-processed high permeability grades have guaranteed superior magnetic properties compared to the standard semi-processed grades, especially at 45° to the rolling direction. As for the standard semi-processed grades, the high permeability grades need a final annealing treatment, carried out by the client after punching the laminations.

Advantages

The semi-processed high permeability grades allow core weight reduction and increased efficiency of motors and transformers. The improved efficiency achieved reduces machine operating costs and at the same time makes them more environmentally friendly.

Applications

These grades are designed for motors, generators, transformers, converters and ballasts where higher efficiency is required. These are available in four grades: the 0.50 mm types are called M450P-50K and M560XP-50K and the 0.65mm types M600P-65K and M700XP-65K.

Recommendations for use (only valid for XP grades)

Considering the very high polarisation level of these semi-processed high permeability grades at an angle of 45° to the rolling direction, it is preferable to design the punching process in such a way that the direction of magnetisation of the part is as nearly parallel as possible with this 45° direction.

NO6

Semi-processed high permeability gradesNon-oriented electrical steels

33

NO7

Easy Punch steels with guaranteed punchability feasibilities

34

No standards availableThickness 0.5-1.2 mm

Grades Easy Punch

NO7

Easy Punch steels with guaranteed punchability

Applications

The Easy Punch grade is designed for small machines for intermittent use:• Automotive equipment such as alternators,

windscreen wipers, window-opening motors • Small domestic appliances such as coffee

grinders, mixers • Small hand tools such as drills


The punching process needs to be carried out with an appropriate lubricant.Usually, the client does not perform heat treatment after punching. Heat treatment is an option to increase the magnetic performance of Easy Punch.

The Easy Punch grade has guaranteed mechanical properties and roughness. Magnetic properties are not guaranteed, as they are not optimised in this product. Should the application require enhanced magnetic performance, other electrical steel grades in ArcelorMittal’s product range are recommended.

Advantages

This Easy Punch grade has excellent punchability and stackability, thanks to appropriate mechanical properties and roughness. It is therefore eminently suitable for automatic stacking and assembling techniques. The excellent punchability is achieved by means of a final skin-pass treatment, which produces high Re/Rm values (typically over 0.9). Easy Punch also has excellent weldability.


35

The Easy Punch grade is designed for excellent punchability and stackability, ideal for this alternator.

NO8

Cold rolled pole sheet grades feasibilities

36

The cold rolled pole sheet grades are designed for large high-speed machines because of their excellent combination of mechanical strength and magnetic performance, which makes them ideal for industrial applications.

EN 10265:1995Thickness 0.65 mm 1.00 mm

Grades 250-65-TF 183 250-100-TF 183

300-65-TF 182 300-100-TF 182

350-65-TF 181 350-100-TF 181

400-65-TF 180 400-100-TF 180

JIS C2555:20000.65 mm 1.00 mm

PCYC 250 PCYC 250

PCYC 300 PCYC 300

PCYC 350 PCYC 350

PCYC 400 PCYC 400

IEC/CEI 60404-8-5:19890.65 mm 1.00 mm

250-65-TF 183 250-100-TF 183

300-65-TF 182 300-100-TF 182

350-65-TF 181 350-100-TF 181

400-65-TF 180 400-100-TF 180

NO8

Cold rolled pole sheet grades

Applications

Cold rolled pole sheet grades are designed for large high-speed machines because of their excellent combination of mechanical strength and magnetic performance.



Cold rolled pole sheet grades are classified according to their yield strength as described by the standards. As well as guaranteed mechanical properties, they have guaranteed magnetic properties, but unlike other electrical steel grades, their magnetic properties are determined under direct current (DC) conditions.

Full magnetic characterisation curves in DC and also at various frequencies are available on request, as well as thermal data.

Advantages

High yield strength values allow these grades to withstand strong electro-mechanical forces. As well as excellent DC magnetic properties significantly superior to the requirements of the standard, these grades perform well on loss and induction levels at 50 Hz AC conditions, thanks to a special chemical composition.A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.


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NO9

Hot rolled pole sheet grades feasibilities

EN 10265:1995Thickness 1.5-5.0 mm 2.0-5.0 mm 2.5-5.0 mm

Grades 250-...-TG 180 400-...-TG 179 600-…-TG 178

300-...-TG 180 450-…-TG 179 650-…-TG 178

350-...-TG 179 500-…-TG 179 700-…-TG 178

550-…-TG 178

JIS C2555:20001.5-5.0 mm 2.0-5.0 mm 2.5-5.0 mm

PCYH 250 PCYH 400 PCYH 600



PCYH 550

IEC/CEI 60404-8-5:19891.5-5.0 mm 2.0-5.0 mm 2.5-5.0 mm

250-...-TG 180 400-...-TG 179 600-…-TG 178

300-...-TG 180 450-…-TG 179 650-…-TG 178

350-...-TG 179 500-…-TG 179 700-…-TG 178

550-…-TG 178

NO9 Hot rolled pole sheet grades

Applications

Hot rolled pole sheet grades are designed for large high-speed machines because of their excellent combination of mechanical strength and good magnetic performance. Good magnetic properties are of major importance for the performance of the poles, whereas excellent mechanical properties are needed for the rims.



Hot rolled pole sheet grades are classified according to their yield strength as described by the standards. As well as guaranteed mechanical properties, they have guaranteed magnetic properties, but unlike other electrical steel grades, their magnetic characterisation is determined under direct current (DC) conditions.

Advantages

High yield strength values allow these grades to withstand strong electro-mechanical forces. The DC magnetic properties are excellent and significantly superior to the requirements of the standard.Hot rolled pole sheet grades are available non-insulated. They can be supplied in a hot rolled or pickled version.


39

Transformers benefit optimally from the excellent longitudinal magnetic properties of grain-oriented electrical steels.

GO1

Grain-oriented standard grades feasibilities

40

EN 10107:2005Thickness 0.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

Grades M110-23S M114-27S M120-30S M130-35S

M120-23S M120-27S M130-30S M140-35S

M127-23S M130-27S M140-30S M150-35S

M140-27S M150-30S M165-35S


ASTM A876:2003 (former AISI)Thickness 0.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

Grades 23H070 (M3) 27H074 (M4) 30H083 (M5) 35H094 (M6)

23G045 (M3) 27G051 (M4) 30G058 (M5) 35G066 (M6)

Not exact equivalences

JIS C2553:20000.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

23G110 27G120 30G130 35G145

27G130 30G140 35G155

Not exact equivalences in 0.35 mm

IEC/CEI 60404-8-7:20080.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

M110-23S5 M114-27S5 M120-30S5 M130-35S5

M120-23S5 M120-27S5 M130-30S5 M140-35S5

M127-23S5 M130-27S5 M140-30S5 M145-35S5

M140-27S5 M150-30S5 M150-35S5

M155-35S5

M165-35S5

Not exact equivalences in 0.35 mmGrades in italic: not included in standard (yet)

Transformers benefit optimally from the excellent longitudinal magnetic properties

of grain-oriented electrical steels.

Grain-oriented electrical steels GO1

Grain-oriented standard grades

Applications

The main application of grain-oriented steel is in the core of transformers (power, distribution, current etc), used for transmission and distribution of electrical energy. These steels are also used for hydro- and turbogenerators for the generation of electrical energy.The use of grain-oriented steels in this type of equipment improves their efficiency, contributing to the reduction of energy losses in the electrical system.


For wound cores, ArcelorMittal recommends applying a stress relief annealing treatment.It is important to remove oil, grease or any organic compound to prevent carbonisation of the electrical steel. Maximum care during handling is desirable to avoid re-introduction of stresses.

The properties mentioned above are measured either by Epstein or SST measurement equipment. The standards specify that stress relief annealing should be applied after the samples have been cut, depending on the measuring device.

ArcelorMittal grain-oriented electrical steels are produced to achieve low core losses and high magnetic permeability. These are obtained through a tight control of the ArcelorMittal production process, designed to streamline the strength of the Goss texture. The combination of an optimal texture and structure allows obtaining excellent typical magnetic properties.

Grain-oriented electrical steels are mainly used in highly efficient transformers and generators due to its excellent magnetic properties in the rolling direction.

Advantages

The use of grain-oriented steel in transformers is advantageous thanks to the very low core loss in the rolling direction. This means more efficient transport of energy from the production site to the consumption site. These standard grades are available in a range of thicknesses and loss levels, enabling customers to select the most appropriate grade to meet the specific requirements of each application.ArcelorMittal’s high quality products range from 0.35 mm thickness up to 0.23 mm and are supplied with coating ASTM C5 over ASTM C2 to ensure high electrical resistance.

41

JIS C2553:20000.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

23G110 27G120 30G130 35G145

27G130 30G140 35G155

Not exact equivalences in 0.35 mm

IEC/CEI 60404-8-7:20080.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

M110-23S5 M114-27S5 M120-30S5 M130-35S5

M120-23S5 M120-27S5 M130-30S5 M140-35S5

M127-23S5 M130-27S5 M140-30S5 M145-35S5

M140-27S5 M150-30S5 M150-35S5

M155-35S5

M165-35S5

Not exact equivalences in 0.35 mmGrades in italic: not included in standard (yet)

The main purpose of varnish is to provide interlaminar insulation and to improve punchability of the steels.

Varnish for non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels feasibilities

VA

Coating type Typical gauges Functionality

IEC/CEI 60404-1-1:2004 EN 10342:2005 ASTM (per side)

EC-3 C-3 1 - 4 µm The resins' chemical composition yields special advantages such as a high elasticity and a very strong adhesion. A coating thickness of less than 1 µm generates the additional advantage of excellent weldability, whereas a varnish of 4 µm and above assures good interlaminar insulation.

EC-5-N C-5 1 - 4 µm This varnish was designed to maintain its dielectrical properties during the repair of damaged copper windings. Additionally, the mineral part of the coating provides high thermal conductivity. The combination of resins and mineral products achieves a good compromise between punchability and weldability.

EC-5-G C-5 2 - 4 µm This varnish is selected to have good adherence and to withstand normal punching and cutting operations. It does not affect and is unaffected by transformer oil.

EC-6 C-6 2 - 10 µm The mineral elements have been selected to reduce punching tool wear and favour punching oil retention. They also enhance the rigidity of the varnish, which minimises dimensional changes under high pressure/temperature. This varnish is particularly recommended for use with contactors, to permit a higher flutter frequency whilst reducing noise.

VA Non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels

Varnish for non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels

Electrical steel varnishes for non-oriented are designed to enhance the behaviour of fully processed electrical steels. Their major impact is to provide interlaminar insulation and to improve the punchability of the steels. Each type of varnish has its specific properties: insulation level, punchability effect, corrosion protection, temperature resistance and weldability, hence it is the material used that determines the optimal varnish selection.

For grain-oriented grades, the main purpose is to provide increased surface insulation resistance, by means of a thin inorganic coating. This type 5 coating (EC-5-G) is applied on top of the glass film (type 2), which is obtained in the high temperature annealing process step as a result of the reaction of the steel surface with the annealing separator.

Advantages

The EC-3 type varnish is based on synthetic resins, resulting in a varnish with excellent lubricating properties for the punching process: the coated sheet can be punched without the need of an additional lubricant. It is particularly recommended with automatic stacking processes.

The EC-5-N type varnish (for non-oriented) is a pigmented varnish, made with thermostable resins, mineral products and pigments. The type of mineral products and the amount used have been selected to obtain a coating with excellent temperature resistance during lengthy thermal treatments, which is of particular interest where stress relieving annealing is required after punching.

The EC-5-G type varnish (for grain-oriented) is a pigmented varnish, predominantly composed of phosphates. As well as its electrical insulation properties, this coating has the advantage of withstanding stress-relief annealing, which restores the magnetic properties of grain-oriented steels at the cut edges, for optimum steel performance.

The EC-6 type varnish is also a pigmented varnish, but especially suitable for high power rotating machines, thanks to its high electrical insulation level. This varnish is particularly recommended for use with contactors, to permit a higher flutter frequency whilst reducing noise.

Applications

These coatings are used for fully processed grades, as well as for pole sheets in the cold rolled version, in a wide range of electrical applications such as rotating machines, transformers and contactors.The coatings used for grain-oriented fully processed grades are particularly used for power transformers, which require high efficiency and operate continuously. For these applications it is important to have a double coating system, with the phosphate layer on top of the glass film.


The raw materials used have a chemical composition – both in liquid and cured varnish state – which does not require specific protective measures during the processing of the coated steels or during use in a given application.

43

Cores of magnetic circuits constitute a very important part for transformers production and their quality is crucial for the final parameters of a magnetic circuit.

A transformer core consists of a magnetic circuit where its induction flux, caused by the current passage flowing through the primary coiling, induces electric voltage in the secondary coiling.

Wound transformer cores are used as compact cores (toroids) or as cores with air gaps. ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o. produces cores from grain-oriented transformer metal band with silicium-alloyed Goss texture of about 3% and a thickness range from 0.15 to 0.35 mm.

General specification used material for processing according to IEC 60404-1:2000.

Cores of magnetic circuits

TC01

Transformer cores

Application possibilities of toroidal cores

• Measurement transformers• Power and regulating transformers• Inductors• Transducers

Advantages of toroidal cores

• Close flux path• Low magnetic leakage• Low humming• Compact dimensions• Light weight

TC01

Cores of magnetic circuits Toroidal cores feasibilities

45

Dimension Min. (mm) Max. (mm)

D-outer diameter 27 800

D-inner diameter 17 500

H-core height 10 180

Sh-chamfered edge* 2x45 5x45

* at customer request

Quality Typoval values Max (T)* Heff=3 A/m

Guaranteed values max (T) Heff=30 A/m Colour marking**

N-normal 0.050 min 1.3 black

S-standart 0.075 min 1.4 red

SU-super 0.110 min 1.6 green

SU-EX-extra 0.130 min 1.7 white

* typical values at customer request ** colour marking – at customer request

d

D h

5h

Wound transformer cores are manufactured in the process of winding up the transformer strip on a mandrel followed by the processes of cutting the hot-manufactured and synthetic resin-bond core. A wound cores shape is better adapted for cores of the magnetic induction current and the structure of material grain is used more effectively when compared with cores composed of sheet stampings of various shapes.

Cut cores are assembled with a certain air gap between the pieces, insulation pieces are placed in these gaps during the assembly of the cores. Cut surfaces of these cores can be round, oval and rectangular.

Advantages of Cut C cores

• Electrical energy saving thanks to low specific iron Watt losses

• Saving in quantity of used copper for winding thanks to smaller dimensions and weight of cut cores

• Saving in work costs exert for transformers assembly thanks to easy assembly

• Low humming

TC01

Cut C cores feasibilities

Core type* Max. specific losses p1,5/50 [W/kg]

Max. magnetic field density Heff at B 1,5 T [A/m]

C 8001-10000 2.5 400

C 10001-26003 2.2 350

C 26004-90005 2.2 300

* manufactured from M165-35S



SG=Q 2.2 265

SU=U 2.2 265

SE=R 2.2 265

SM=M 2.2 265

* manufactured from M150-30S/M140-27S



SG=Q 1.9 125

SU=U 1.9 125

SE=R 1.9 125

SM=M 1.9 125

* manufactured from M150-30S/M140-27S

Transformer cores

Unicore cores constitute a new line of cores for magnetic circuits. This manufacturing technology was developed in 1997 and its aim was to simplify the existing technology and improvement of parameters of electrical machines. Due to advantages of their construction, unicore cores can replace almost all conventional C cores.

Unicore advanced technology leads to low specific losses. Their construction is simplified – they don’t have to pass through the time- and cost-consuming production process which contributes to very favourable price and short delivery time. At assembly the existing types of coil forms can be kept as a result. No changes in the transformer construction are required.

Advantages of Unicore cores

• Low specific losses• Easy assembly• Favourable price• Saving in quantity of used copper• The banding of cores is not necessary• Short delivery time

TC01

Unicore cores feasibilities

47

Core type FinishHeff

A/m

Bmax.

T

Specific losses

W/kg

Input

VA/kg

C 31002 (3.10 kg) annealed 110 1.50 1.20 5.10

260 1.70 1.85 13.90

C 31002 – DUO 02 UNICORE unannealed 140 1.50 1.30 6.50

370 1.70 1.80 19.50

annealed 45 1.50 0.95 1.90

150 1.70 1.45 7.30

C 31002 – DUO 03 UNICORE unannealed 150 1.50 1.40 7.50

450 1.70 1.95 24.00

annealed 60 1.50 1.00 2.10

240 1.70 1.55 12.00

Stacked cores are the most important part of distribution transformers. We produce these cores on modern production equipment and our cores have very low losses and noise level. We are able to offer you a very wide range of lamination shapes.

We can offer you our cores assembled or not assembled with or without steel construction.

We have started production of these cores in January 2011 and are able to offer you all types of transformer cores of grain-oriented material.

TC01

Stacked cores

Transformer cores

Advantages of stacked cores

• Reduction in core losses• Easy assembly

Delivery options

• Assembled• Non-assembled

Material used

all type of SI steel

TC01

feasibilities

49

Our production range min. max.

Thickness 0.23 mm 0.35 mm

Width 40 mm 400 mm

Sheets centre-line length* 250 mm 2000 mm

*Minimum length 250 to 500 mm can be obtained up to max. width of 160 mm moving the 45`shears

Tolerances

Differences on strip width +/-0.2 mm

Linearity on length = 1500 mm 0.8 mm

Edge burr 0.02 mm

Length accurancy +/-0.1 mm

Angle accuracy +/-0.01°

Punching diameter 10.5 mm

Possible Cross and Longitudinal Step Lap

ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o.

Stacked cores

Benefits of stacked cores:

-Reduction in core losses

-Easy assembly

Delivery options:

- assembled

- non assembled

Material used: all type of SI steel

Our production range:

min. max.

Thickness: 0,23 mm 0,35 mm

Width: 40 mm 400 mm

Sheets centre-line length* 250 mm 2000 mm

*Minimum length 250 to 500 mm can be obtained up to max. widthof 160 mm moving the 45`shears

Tolerances

Differences on strip width +/-0.2 mm

Linearity on length = 1500 mm 0.8 mm

Edge burr 0.02 mm

Length accurancy +/-0.1 mm

Angle accuracy +/-0.01

Punching diameter 10.5 mm

Possible shape combination

Possible Cross and Longitudinal Step Lap

Credits for pictures

ArcelorMittal and: Cover: Tom D'Haenens p. 2-38: Aperam South America p. 8: Philippe Vandenameelep. 14: Pauwels N.V. - Tom D'Haenens p. 16: ArcelorMittal Global R&D Gent p. 18: Eozen p. 20-24-28-36: Siemens p. 39: Voith p. 41: Pauwels N.V. - Tom D'Haenens p. 42: Philippe Vandenameelep. 44-49: ArcelorMittal Technotron s.r.o.p. 51: Aperam South America

Copyright

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing.

Fully processed electrical steel was used to manufacture the hydro generatorfor the hydroelectric Tucuruí Dam in Brazil.

ArcelorMittal 19, avenue de la Liberté L-2930 Luxembourg www.arcelormittal.com

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Documents

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic circuit cores selection guide This selection guide will help you select the best ArcelorMittal steel grade for your particular application: