PD AeroSpace, LTD.

PD AeroSpace, LTD.

https://pdas.co.jp/1

Development of Fully Reusable Spaceplane

Company ProfileCompany name PD AeroSpace, LTD.

Location

Headquarter：3519 Arimatsu Midori-ku Nagoya Aichi 458-0924, JAPANR&D center：1-27 Minatohonmachi Hekinan Aichi 447-0844, JAPAN

Foundation May 30, 2007

Capital 766 million yen (Including capital reserve)

Representative Shuji Ogawa

Employees 19 (including seconded employee)

Core businessSpaceplane design, development and manufacturingCommercial human spaceflight and related operationsCommercial space launch service (including space port)

PD Aerospace is developing a reusable launch vehicle (space plane). We are looking forward to maximize space utilization through private sector demand such as space tourism and construction of a space based solar power grid.

Our combustion mode switch engine (patented in 2012) will have both a jet mode and a rocket mode propulsion. We are currently developing an engine in parallel with conducting flight tests using unmanned technology demonstrator.

We are supported by ANA HOLDINGS INC.、 H.I.S Group and Mizuho Group. Additionaly, we are sponsored by AISIN SEIKI Co.,Ltd. and many other companies.

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Corporate Profile

◼ Founded in 2007◼ Based in Nagoya and Hekinan City, Aichi Prefecture◼ Spaceplane development in parallel with pulse detonation

engine research

Aichi pref.

Nagoya city

Hekinan city

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“ Be a wing for Space”

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There are so many amazing possibilities in space, waiting to be discovered and understood. Perhaps, a new kind of resources or energy source is just around the corner.

Space also enables us to reflect upon ourselves and Earth, to deeply understand the preciousness of life and nature.

There are and will be challenges never seen or predicted during our journey to reach the stars. However, we chose to take upon this challenge, because we believe humanity can earn so much from space exploration.

In order to bring space closer to us and, PD Aerospace will continue to pursue the challenge to become the wing for space transport industry.

Company Mission

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Corporate Philosophy

- Contribute to society with technology.

- Maintain harmony with space, the Earth, nature and humanity.

- Become a company that society wants to exist, a company that

clarifies the significance of itself through its activity.

Policy

- Start from an indomitable challenge spirit.

- Create your own path when there is none.

- Innovate rather than improve.

- Know that time and workspace is limited, and act.

Corporate Philosophy and Policy

Team staff

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Biography

CEO, CTO

Pro bono: +60 members, Intern: +7 students

Born and raised in Nagoya. Laboratory and research assistant for father since childhood.Aspiring a pilot and an astronaut. Ms. of Aerospace engineering.Experienced in automotive parts and aircraft development.

Member, Space policy commitee, Cabinet office, Government of Japan, Space transportation system working group

Organization/Governance

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Shareholders Meeting

Board of Directors

External DirectorMr. Tsuda Yoshiaki

External DirectorMr. Fukushima Ken

External AuditorMr. Yasuno Tomohiko

ANA HOLDINGS INC.Digital Design Lab

Chief Director

H.I.S.Co.,Ltd.Corporate Officer,Corporate Planning Division, General Manager

Certified Public Accountant, Tax consultant

Executive Officer

CEOMr. Ogawa Shuji

CFO (Financial Strategy)Mr. Motohashi Hiroyuki

CSO (Business Strategy)Mr. Tokunaga Hiroki

CPO (Operations)Mr. Watanabe Hitoshi

Technical AdvisorDr. Masuya Goro

CEO&CTOMr. Ogawa Shuji

(Part-time)

(Part-time)

Organization

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Engine development

NETSEngine system design

Mizukaki Lab.（Tokai Univ.）Combustion analysis

Endo Lab.（Hiroshima Univ.）Combustion theory

Kanda Lab.（Chubu Univ.）Combustion theory

Sato Lab.（Waseda Univ.）Supersonic combustion

JAXA (J-SPARC)Evaluation/Total support

Tsuchiya Lab.（Tokyo Univ.）Trajectory optimization

Obayashi Lab.（Tohoku Univ.）CFD analysis

Sawada Lab.（Tohoku Univ.）CFD analysis

Spacecraft development

JAXA (J-SPARC)Structure Analysis

TORAY Carbon MagicSpacecraft manufacture

Strand AerospaceComponents design

Nakaya Lab.（Gifu NCT）CFD analysis

Yoshida Lab.（Nihon Univ.）Trajectory optimization

Project cooperation members

Categories of Space Industry

➢ Satellite：Remote sensing, Communication satellite, etc

（C）NASA

➢ Space Transportation：Human and Cargo transportation (rocket)

（C）JAXA

➢ Service：Satellite data provider

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Target of Business Field

Earth 10

Supersonic transport

Future

Intercontinental flight

1st Stage business focus

Sub-orbital flight

Unmanned spaceplane forscientific experiment and high altitude atmospheric observation

Orbital flightSmall satellite orbital insertion

2nd Stage business focus

400~600km(1,312~1,969kft)

3rd Stage business focusManned spaceplane for commercial space tourism

100km (328kft )

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Dangerous area ( ex)Volcano )

Large-scale disaster

Extreme meteorology

Salvage supportEarth observation／

Satellite data complement

・High speed・High maneuver・High risk flight

（Multipurpose Surrounding）

1st Business Focus （Unmanned Suborbital Flight）

1st Business Focus （Unmanned Suborbital Flight）

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Commercial Service

Scientific Mission・Micro gravity experiment

・Atmosphere observation

Commercial Mission

・New drug development

・Semi-conductor development

・Space instruments development

Protein crystal

Semi conductor

Satellite development

Space Burial

Picture

ウェディング

・Movies, video game

・Premium

Space wedding

Take offCruise climb using jet engine

Arrive to Space(Alt. 100km/328kft)

Powered flight/Gliding descent to spaceport

Engine shutdown（Alt. 50km/164kft)

Rocket engine ignition（Alt.15km/42kft)

Re-entry（Alt. 30km/98kft)

・Altitude 100 km/328kft

・Total flight T : 90 min

・Total time in μG T : 5 min

・View the earth

(Spaceplane/Winged type)

First target : Sub-orbital Space Flight Profile

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Competitors

Rocket type Winged type

• A small startup company with less than 50 employees succeded in conducting a spaceflight

and won the Ansari X Prize in 2004. Virgin Galactic acquired the technical licenses, and

started ticket sales priced at 250K USD, with predicted operation from 2020 (tentative).

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Exchange rate assumption: 1 USD = 100 JPY

Pulsed Combustion

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Pulse jet engine

V-1

U.S. Air Force

GE、P&W

NASA/MSFC

Pulse Detonation Engine

Original concept“Switchable Dual Combustion

Mode Engine”

Key Concept

◼Combustion mode switching: from Jet mode to Rocket mode

Air rich

15km

Altitude

0km

[Jet mode]

Combustionmode switch

Air lean(Near vacuum)

[Rocket mode]

Combustionmode switch

Rocket mode

Jet mode

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Competitiveness ↓Benchmark

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Exchange rate assumption1 USD = 100 JPY

VLVL：Vertical Launch and Vertical Landing, HTHL : Horizontal Takeoff and Horizontal Landing

Competitiveness

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1) Safety improvement

・Able to abort at any phase of flight

・Able to divert to other airport

・Able to perform touch-and-go landing

2) Lower production and operational cost

・Simple system=lower production and maintenance cost

・Reduce pilot, maintenance personnel, tools and spare part by half

・Does not require specialized airport (can operate on regular airport) = lower operation cost

・High thermal efficiency engine=low fuel consumption

3) Expandable

・Transport system can be used for multiple purposes

Experimental planes and engines

X01（for Demonstration） X02A（for High speed flight）

X03A（for Autopilot）

X04（for FPV）

PDEs (for Combustion mode switch)

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Movies

Past Development

http://pdas.co.jp/movies/PDAS_Exam.html

Combustion Mode Switch

http://pdas.co.jp/movies/PDE-S_News.html

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Detonation technology basic research

～2014 '17 '20 '24'15 '16 '18 '19 '21 '22 '23

Jet-rocket combustion mode switchtechnology research

Engine control technology research (Throttling, remote operation)

PDE(Rocket mode)

PDE(Jet-rocket)

(mode switch)

【High power PDE】FTE4n (X08)⇒ PEGASUS-AL

【High reliability PDE】FTE5n (X09)⇒ PEGASUS-MN

Variable intake technology

【Multi tube PDE】FTE2n Series (X06)FTE3n Series (X07)⇒ PEGASUS-UM

Development Roadmap: Engine

Thrust optimization(Multi-tube, high frequency, cooling system)

Capability enhancement (Thrust vectoring)

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Unmanned flight basic technology research

～2014 '17 '20 '24'15 '16 '18 '19 '21 '22 '23

Telecommunications technology research/GCS

High speed and supersonic flight

X03AAuto Pilot

X04, 02AFPV, Long rage

【Air launch sys.】X08⇒ PEGASUS-AL

【Space tourism】X09⇒ PEGASUS-MN

Automated landing

【Suborbital UAS】X05, X06, X07⇒ PEGASUS-UM

Development Roadmap: UAS

Air launch system

Manned flight technology research (cockpit, cabin)

Latest Development Objectives

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New type engine

(Combustion Mode Switch PDE)

Objective： To reach alt. 100km and return.

Target time： End of 2020.

Reach alt.100kmand Return

Sub-orbital UAS

X05(EDFx2, 2.5m)X06(GT/PDE, 4.5m)X07(PDEx2, 10.4m)

High speed / FPV operation demonstrator

EDF : Electrical Ducted FanGTE : Gas Turbine EnginePDE : Pulse Detonation Engine

CompTechnology Demonstrator Airframeetitiveness

PDAS-X06 PDAS-X07

Fuel・Oxidizer tank

Avionics Elevon

Rudder

FPV front camera

Pitot tubePitot tube

Gas turbine engine

Phase1 Phase2Gas turbine

engineSwitchable Jet-Rocket

mode engine

※Engine replacement on one side

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Switchable Jet-Rocket mode engine

PDAS-X06

PDAS-X07

Phase1

Phase2

JUN 2019 SEP 2019 DEC 2019 MAR 2020 JUN 2020 SEP 2020

DesignManufactur

ing

November

DecemberMount

GTE⇒PDE -S

Ground test

Design ManufacturingGround

test100KmTry

December

Flight test

【Flight Test Plan】

Fully Reusable Suborbital Spaceplane

- Horizontal takeoff and landing- New concept engine

(combustion mode switch PDE)- Fully-reusable- 6 participants + 2 pilots

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Market Analysis

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Tic

ke

t P

ric

es

(th

ou

sa

nd

s)

Research by Futron Corporation in 2006

$250k/person

Assume 100 JPY = 1 USD

$50k/person

Global Demand：150 billion～200 billion JPY (predicted)

$162M/year

（650 person/year)

$680M/year

（13,600 person/year）

US market

70% VG price

within 5 years

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- Bringing space closer, moving forward to create peaceful and prosperous society.

- Be the wing that connects space and Earth.

Technical and business alliance for space transport

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Capital alliance

Universities and research institutes

OEMs

Processing manufacturer

Software developers

・Flight operation

・Daily maintenance

・Ground operation

・Customer service

【R&D】 【Manufacturing andMaintenance】

・Meteorological agencies

・Universities and research institutes

・Aerospace companies

・Event organizers

・Private sector

・Design

・Manufacture

・Periodical maintenance

(Collaboration)

(Partners)

【Operation】 (Planned)

(Planned)

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Business Scope

【Sales】

Other business area(1) : Pre flight training program

Movie

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Pre flight training program

http://pdas.co.jp/movies/PP_PV.html

Upsizing② Spacetourism

③Air-launch ofSmall satellite

Commercialization

①Suborbitalflight service

Next Step

New model engine

(Multi-tube)

(出典：P&W)

High speed flight test/FPV

Unmanned Sub-orbital Plane

Reach alt.100km

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Development Schedule

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• Demonstration of UAS essential technologies ～ Oct 2017

• Demonstration of New engine technology ～ Oct 2017-------------------------------------------------------

• Achieve altitude 100km by Unmanned ～ Dec 2020------------------------------------------------------------

• Achieve altitude 100km by manned ～ Mar 2023-------------------------------------------------------

• Commercial space travel service ～ May 2024-------------------------------------------------------

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Long-term Objectives

Space tourism

High altitude atmospheric observation

μG flighttest bed

Spaceport

Altitude 100km

Supersonictransportation

Intercontinentalflight

Sub-orbital flight

Orbital launch

Space hotel SSPSSpace mining

Air launch

©Bigelow Aerospace

34PD AeroSpace, LTD.

Be a wing for Space