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PCSK9 INHIBITORS FOR THEINTERVENTIONALIST:WHICH
PATIENTS DO WE CHOOSE ANDHOW DO WE USE?HOW DO WE USE?Douglas W Triffon, MD, FACC, FNLA
Medical Director of the Lipid Disorders Clinic
Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation
Commercial Interest
Nature of Relevant Financial Relationship
(Include all those that apply)
What was received For what role
Self Spouse/Partner
Janssen
AmarinHonorarium Speaker X
Regeneron/Sanofi Honorarium Speaker X
AmgenHonorarium
Speaker X
RISK OF RECURRENT EVENTS
• Research to date has shown significant heterogeneity in theestimated 10-year risk in patients with previous cardiovasculardisease ranging from less than 10% to over 50% risk of recurrentvascular events.
• A single one size fits all approach to secondary prevention isinappropriate. The identification of extreme high risk patients usingrisk stratification tools will prompt the initiation of more intensivetreatments in order to reduce high residual risk.
Circulation:Nov 8, 2016;134(19):1441-1443
EXTREME HIGH RISK
Source # Major CVEvents
Total #Participants
4S, 1998 510 2072
AFCAPS, 1998 92 2868
LIPID, 1998 1288 4185
CARDS, 2004 50 1282
TNT, 2005 1763 9400
IDEAL, 2005 1294 8396
SPARCL, 2006 308 2118
JUPITER, 2008 82 7832
OVERALL 5387 38153
Boekholdt SM, Arsenault BJ, Mora S, Terje R. Pedersen, LaRosa JC, Nestel PJ, Simes RJ,Durrington P, Hitman GA, Welch KMA, DeMicco DA, Zwinderman AH, Clearfield MB,
Downs JR, Tonkin AM, Colhoun HM, Gotto Jr AM, Ridker PM, Kastelein JJP.JAMA. 2012;307(12):1302-1309
7.3
14.2
17.117.9
10
15
20
Mean LDL-C Achieved Quartiles & Major CV Events
Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels and Risk of MajorCardiovascular Events in Statin-Treated Patients
Major CVEventRate, %,in Statin-TreatedPatientsa
Lowest ASCVD risk= LDL-C goal of
<62 mg/dL(mean 49 mg/dL)
7.3
0
5
49 74 97 129
Range, mg/dL <62 62-85 86-108 >109
Events / Total 697 / 9538 1360 / 9573 1616 / 9478 1714 / 9564
Boekholdt SM, Arsenault BJ, Mora S, Association of LDL Cholesterol, Non–HDLCholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B Levels With Risk of Cardiovascular Events AmongPatients Treated With Statins: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;307(12):1302-1309
Mean LDL-C, mg/dL
LOWER IS BETTER
60% LDL-C LOWERING FROM PCSK9 INHIBITOR
10 yr RISK ABSOLUTE RISK REDUCTION
5 1.2 1.6 1.97 2.31 2.6
7.5 1.78 2.4 2.96 3.46 3.9
10 2.4 3.2 3.95 4.61 5.2
20 4.7 6.3 7.89 9.23 10
30 7 9.6 11.84 13.84 15.59
50 12 16 19.7 23 26
Baseline LDL-C 70 100 130 160 190
60% LDL-C LOWERING FROM PCSK9 INHIBITOR
10 yr RISK NNT
5 84 62.5 50.76 43 38
7.5 56 41.7 33.78 28.9 25.6
10 42 31 25.3 21.69 19
20 21 15.6 12.67 10.83 9.62
30 14 10 8.45 7.23 6.41
50 8 6.2 5 4.3 3.85
Baseline LDL-C 70 100 130 160 190
Hs-CRP and CV Events in the Fourier Trial
Lp(a) and the Fourier Trial
Median Lp(a) =37 nmol/L
Fourier Trial and PAD
PCSK9 Inhibitors and Prior MI
Circulation. 2018;138:756–766. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034309
Median time from MI =0.6 yrs vs 6 yrs
PCSK9 INHIBITORS AND MULTIVESSEL DISEASE
Circulation. 2018;138:756–766. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034309
ODYSSEY OUTCOMES TRIAL
11.10%
16.40%
14.10%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
ODYSSEY OUTCOMES TRIAL
ARR=2.3%
ARR=1.6%11.10%
9.50%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
Non DiabeticPlacebo
Non Diabetic Rx DiabeticPlacebo
Diabetic Rx
ADA Meeting June, 2018
SUMMARY• The majority of patients under the care of cardiologists are extreme
high risk for future cardiac events.
• This risk is largely unrecognized and undertreated.
• Residual risk is 5 times more important than residual high LDL-C in• Residual risk is 5 times more important than residual high LDL-C inpredicting the benefit of aggressive cholesterol therapy postintervention.
• Higher risk translates into higher benefits of aggressive treatment.
• Recognize the risk, calculate the risk, target the risk, and treat the riskmore aggressively.