PCD Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development Pre= Natal=

PCDPCD

Objective 3.02 Objective 3.02

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development

Pre= __________Pre= __________

Natal=__________Natal=__________

Prenatal Development Prenatal Development TERMSTERMS

• EggEgg (ovum) (ovum)• female cell needed for female cell needed for

reproductionreproduction• SpermSperm

• male cell needed for male cell needed for reproductionreproduction

•ConceptionConception-the union of an ovum -the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancyof a pregnancy•http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv

What happens during What happens during conceptionconception??

Male and female reproductive cells unite after sexual Male and female reproductive cells unite after sexual intercourse.intercourse. Sperm & Egg UNITE/join, come togetherSperm & Egg UNITE/join, come together

Sperm that enter uterus quickly swim into the Fallopian Sperm that enter uterus quickly swim into the Fallopian tubes.tubes.

If an ovum/EGG is present, the sperm swarm/crowd If an ovum/EGG is present, the sperm swarm/crowd around the ovum/EGG and try to break through the around the ovum/EGG and try to break through the surface.surface.

In most cases, only ________________ sperm is successful.In most cases, only ________________ sperm is successful. At At fertilizationfertilization, the sperm seals out/stops the remaining , the sperm seals out/stops the remaining

sperm, which eventually die.sperm, which eventually die. Once the ovum/EGG has been fertilized, it attaches to the Once the ovum/EGG has been fertilized, it attaches to the

wall of the uterus/wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION!! Menstruation stops until the pregnancy is over.Menstruation stops until the pregnancy is over.

You won’t have a period ladies!!!You won’t have a period ladies!!! The male determines the sex of the child. The male determines the sex of the child.

ALWAYSALWAYS XY=_______________ OR XX=___________________XY=_______________ OR XX=___________________

Let’s SEE Conception for Let’s SEE Conception for ourselves!!ourselves!!

• http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv

OvulationOvulation

Once a month a woman’s egg is Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovariesreleased from the ovaries

Fallopian TubeFallopian Tube• Pair of tubes connecting the egg from Pair of tubes connecting the egg from

the ovary to the uterus.the ovary to the uterus.

UterusUterus

• Organ in a woman’s body where a Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.baby develops during pregnancy.

ImplantationImplantation

• PProcess of attachment of the embryo rocess of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.to the maternal uterine wall.

Amniotic SacAmniotic Sac

““Bag” surrounding baby in uterus Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluidthat holds amniotic fluid

Amniotic FluidAmniotic Fluid Liquid that surrounds and protects the Liquid that surrounds and protects the

developing baby in the uterus during developing baby in the uterus during pregnancypregnancy

“My water broke.” is a term women use.

It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.

PlacentaPlacenta

Tissue in the Tissue in the uterus of a uterus of a pregnant woman pregnant woman that is rich in that is rich in blood vessels and blood vessels and plays a role in plays a role in bringing food and bringing food and oxygen from the oxygen from the mother’s body to a mother’s body to a developing babydeveloping baby

BlastocystBlastocyst

A hollow ball of cells A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized from the fertilized egg that implants egg that implants itself into the uterus itself into the uterus lininglining

Umbilical CordUmbilical Cord Long tube that connects the placenta Long tube that connects the placenta

to the developing baby during to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the babythe baby

Full TermFull Term

Child carried the entire nine Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.months of pregnancy.

HormonesHormones

Chemicals in the body that cause Chemicals in the body that cause changeschanges

TrimestersTrimesters

3 month period3 month period 3 trimesters3 trimesters = full term pregnancy = full term pregnancy

11stst trimester – months 1, 2, 3 trimester – months 1, 2, 3 22ndnd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 trimester – months 4, 5, 6 33rdrd trimester – months 7, 8, 9 trimester – months 7, 8, 9

Which trimester is this??Which trimester is this??

Prenatal TermsPrenatal Terms

QuickeningQuickening 4-54-5thth month month When mother feels that baby moveWhen mother feels that baby move

LighteningLightening Baby drops into pelvic area before birthBaby drops into pelvic area before birth

Order of DevelopmentOrder of Development

A baby’s development is A baby’s development is grouped into three stages:grouped into three stages:

1.1. ZygoteZygote

2.2. EmbryoEmbryo

3.3. Fetus.Fetus.

11stst Stage: Stage: Zygote/Fertilized EggZygote/Fertilized Egg

Conception-2 weeks of pregnancyConception-2 weeks of pregnancy fertilized egg and implantationfertilized egg and implantation

Travels down fallopian tube and Travels down fallopian tube and attaches itself to uterusattaches itself to uterus

Grows by cell division Grows by cell division Divide and become two and so on and so Divide and become two and so on and so

on. on. 2 weeks, size of pinhead2 weeks, size of pinhead

ZygoteZygote

22ndnd Stage: Embryo Stage: Embryohttp://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/embryo/embryo.html#http://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/embryo/embryo.html#

3-8 weeks 3-8 weeks 11stst-Mass of cells develop into all -Mass of cells develop into all

major systems of the body major systems of the body 22ndnd-Sac filled with fluid forms around -Sac filled with fluid forms around

embryo embryo 33rdrd-Placenta -Placenta 44thth-Umbilical Cord-Umbilical Cord

EmbryoEmbryo

The Stages of The Stages of Zygote & Embryo DivisionZygote & Embryo Division

multiply

Let’s take a closer look!!!Let’s take a closer look!!!

http://bit.ly/10wwxehttp://bit.ly/10wwxe

33rdrd Stage: Fetus Stage: FetusAKA: Final StageAKA: Final Stage

22ndnd-9-9thth Month Month 1st time child is called 1st time child is called fetusfetus

Human-like features Human-like features Fetal movementFetal movement

44thth and/or 5th month and/or 5th month Labor occursLabor occurs

Baby gradually moves out of the uterus Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be borninto the vagina to be born

FetusFetus

FetusFetus

First TrimesterFirst TrimesterMonth 1-3Month 1-3

Month 1Month 1 Egg attaches to lining of uterusEgg attaches to lining of uterus Internal organs and circulatory system Internal organs and circulatory system

begin to formbegin to form The heart begins to beatThe heart begins to beat Small bumps indicate the beginning of Small bumps indicate the beginning of

arms and legsarms and legs About the size of a pinhead at two weeksAbout the size of a pinhead at two weeks


Month 2Month 2 Face, eyes, ears, limbs take shapeFace, eyes, ears, limbs take shape Bones begin to formBones begin to form About ¼ inch long as month beginsAbout ¼ inch long as month begins


Month 3Month 3 Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and

eyelids formeyelids form Fingers and toes completeFingers and toes complete All organs present, although immatureAll organs present, although immature About 1 inch long as month beginsAbout 1 inch long as month begins

11stst Trimester Trimester OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks after fertilizationZygote stage – last about 2 weeks after fertilization Fertilized egg reaches uterus and attaches to thick Fertilized egg reaches uterus and attaches to thick

lininglining Cell division beginsCell division begins Then starts the Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after Then starts the Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after

conceptionconception Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterusEmbryo becomes firmly attached to uterus

All major organ systems formAll major organ systems form Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed

by end of this stageby end of this stage Embryo at 4 weeksEmbryo at 4 weeks

1/6 of an inch long1/6 of an inch long Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are

formingforming

Do not copy

Second TrimesterSecond TrimesterMonth 4-6Month 4-6

Month 4Month 4 Can suck its thumbCan suck its thumb SwallowSwallow HiccupHiccup Move aroundMove around Facial features become clearFacial features become clear About 3 inches, 1 ounce as month About 3 inches, 1 ounce as month

beginsbegins


Month 5Month 5 Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appearHair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear Teeth continue to developTeeth continue to develop Organs are maturingOrgans are maturing Becomes more activeBecomes more active About 6 ½ inches long and 4-5 ouncesAbout 6 ½ inches long and 4-5 ounces


Month 6Month 6 Fat deposits under skin, but fetus Fat deposits under skin, but fetus

appears wrinkledappears wrinkled Breathing movements beginsBreathing movements begins 8-10 inches long and 8-12 ounces as 8-10 inches long and 8-12 ounces as

month beginsmonth begins

22ndnd Trimester TrimesterOVERVIEWOVERVIEW

Stage of the fetusStage of the fetus Baby recognizable as humanBaby recognizable as human All internal organs present, but not functioningAll internal organs present, but not functioning Quickening: 4Quickening: 4thth–5–5thth month fetal movement felt month fetal movement felt Fetus at 14 weeksFetus at 14 weeks

muscles lengthen and become organizedmuscles lengthen and become organized Fetus at 16 weeksFetus at 16 weeks

Can grasp with hands, kick and somersaultCan grasp with hands, kick and somersault Fetus at 20 weeksFetus at 20 weeks

Can hear and recognize mothers voiceCan hear and recognize mothers voice Fingernails and fingerprint appearFingernails and fingerprint appear Sex organs are visibleSex organs are visible

Fetus at 24 weeks:Fetus at 24 weeks: Covered with a fine hairCovered with a fine hair Protected by a waxy substance called Protected by a waxy substance called vernixvernix Breaths in amniotic fluidBreaths in amniotic fluid

Do not copy

Third TrimesterThird TrimesterMonth 7-9Month 7-9

Month 7Month 7 Periods of activity followed by periods Periods of activity followed by periods

of rest and quietof rest and quiet 10-12 inches long and 1 ½ pounds10-12 inches long and 1 ½ pounds


Month 8Month 8 Weight gain rapidlyWeight gain rapidly May react to loud noises with reflex May react to loud noises with reflex

jerking actionjerking action Moves into a head down positionMoves into a head down position 14-16 inches and 2 1/2 -3 pounds as 14-16 inches and 2 1/2 -3 pounds as

month beginsmonth begins


Month 9Month 9 Weight gain continues until the week before Weight gain continues until the week before

birthbirth Skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continueSkin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue Movements decrease as the fetus has less Movements decrease as the fetus has less

room to move aroundroom to move around Acquires disease-fighting antibodies from the Acquires disease-fighting antibodies from the

mother’s blood,mother’s blood, Descends into pelvis, ready for birthDescends into pelvis, ready for birth 17-18 inches longs and 5-6 pounds as month 17-18 inches longs and 5-6 pounds as month

beginsbegins

33rdrd Trimester Trimester OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• Period of the fetusPeriod of the fetus• Last 3 months of pregnancyLast 3 months of pregnancy• Fetus is capable of living outside the wombFetus is capable of living outside the womb• LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts

downward and feels more comfortable in downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomenupper abdomen

• Sleeps 90-95% of the daySleeps 90-95% of the day• Birth at 40 weeksBirth at 40 weeks• At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as

lifeline and child takes first breath on their lifeline and child takes first breath on their ownown

Do not copy

Fetal DevelopmentFetal Development What does my baby look like? What does my baby look like? GGrowth of a baby is a continuous processrowth of a baby is a continuous process Often conveys a sense of aweOften conveys a sense of awe

Month 1Month 1 Month 2Month 2 Month 3Month 3 Month 4Month 4 Month 5Month 5 Month 6Month 6 Month 7Month 7 Month 8Month 8 Month 9Month 9

First TrimesterFirst TrimesterMonth 1Month 14 weeks4 weeks

At the end of the four weeks

¼ inch in length Heart, digestive

system, backbone and spinal cord begin to form

Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop

The single fertilized egg is now 10,000 times larger than size at conception


At the end of 8 weeks:At the end of 8 weeks: 1-1/8 inches long 1-1/8 inches long Heart is functioning Heart is functioning Eyes, nose, lips, Eyes, nose, lips,

tongue, ears and tongue, ears and teeth are forming teeth are forming

Penis begins to Penis begins to appear in boys appear in boys

Baby is movingBaby is moving although the mother although the mother

can not yet feel can not yet feel movementmovement


At the end of 12 weeks:At the end of 12 weeks: 2 1/2 to 3 inches long 2 1/2 to 3 inches long Wt. ½ - 1 oz Wt. ½ - 1 oz Baby develops recognizable Baby develops recognizable

form, arms, hands, fingers, form, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes nails, legs, feet and toes nails, and earlobes are formed and earlobes are formed

Eyes are almost fully Eyes are almost fully developed developed

Baby has developed most of Baby has developed most of his/her organs and tissues his/her organs and tissues

Heart rate heard at 10 Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special weeks with a special instrument called a instrument called a DopplerDoppler

Second TrimesterSecond TrimesterMonth 4Month 416 weeks16 weeks

At the end of 4 months:At the end of 4 months: 6 1/2 to 7 inches long 6 1/2 to 7 inches long Wt. 6-7 oz Wt. 6-7 oz Baby is developing reflexes, such Baby is developing reflexes, such

as sucking and swallowing and as sucking and swallowing and may begin sucking his/her thumb may begin sucking his/her thumb

Tooth buds are developing Tooth buds are developing Sweat glands are forming on palms Sweat glands are forming on palms

and soles and soles Fingers and toes are well defined Fingers and toes are well defined Sex is identifiable Sex is identifiable Skin is bright pink, transparent Skin is bright pink, transparent

and covered with soft, downy hair and covered with soft, downy hair Although recognizably human in Although recognizably human in

appearance, the baby would not be appearance, the baby would not be able to survive outside the able to survive outside the mother's bodymother's body

Second TrimesterSecond TrimesterMonth 5Month 520 weeks20 weeks

At the end of 5 months:At the end of 5 months: Baby is 8 to 10 inches long Baby is 8 to 10 inches long Weight is about 1 pound Weight is about 1 pound Hair begins to grow on baby's Hair begins to grow on baby's

head head Soft woolly hair called lanugos Soft woolly hair called lanugos

will cover its body. Some may will cover its body. Some may remain until a week after birth, remain until a week after birth, when it is shed. when it is shed.

Mother begins to feel fetal Mother begins to feel fetal movement movement

Internal organs are maturing Internal organs are maturing Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes

appearappear Your breasts may begin to leak Your breasts may begin to leak

a yellowish fluid called a yellowish fluid called colostrumcolostrum in preparation for in preparation for breastfeedingbreastfeeding

Second Trimester Second Trimester Month 6Month 624 weeks24 weeks

At the end of 6 months:At the end of 6 months: Baby is 11 to 14 inches Baby is 11 to 14 inches

long long Weight is about 1 3/4 to 2 Weight is about 1 3/4 to 2

pounds pounds Eyelids begin to part and Eyelids begin to part and

eyes open sometimes for eyes open sometimes for short periods of time short periods of time

Skin is covered with Skin is covered with protective coating called protective coating called vernix vernix

Baby is able to hiccupBaby is able to hiccup

Third Trimester Third Trimester Month 7Month 728 weeks28 weeks

At the end of 7 months:At the end of 7 months: Baby is 14 to 16 inches Baby is 14 to 16 inches

long long Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3 Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3

1/2 pounds 1/2 pounds Taste buds have developed Taste buds have developed Fat layers are forming Fat layers are forming Organs are maturing Organs are maturing Skin is still wrinkled and Skin is still wrinkled and

red red If born at this time, baby If born at this time, baby

will be considered a will be considered a premature baby and premature baby and require special carerequire special care

Third Trimester Third Trimester Month 8Month 832 weeks32 weeks

At the end of 8 months:At the end of 8 months: Baby is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long Baby is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds Overall growth is rapid this month Overall growth is rapid this month Tremendous brain growth occurs Tremendous brain growth occurs

at this time at this time Most body organs are now Most body organs are now

developed with the exception of developed with the exception of the lungs the lungs

Movements or "kicks" are strong Movements or "kicks" are strong enough to be visible from the enough to be visible from the outside outside

Kidneys are mature Kidneys are mature Skin is less wrinkled Skin is less wrinkled Fingernails now extend beyond Fingernails now extend beyond

fingertipsfingertips

Third Trimester Third Trimester Month 9Month 9

36-40 weeks36-40 weeksAt the end of 9 months:At the end of 9 months: Baby is 19 to 20 inches Baby is 19 to 20 inches

long long Weight is about 7 to 7 1/2 Weight is about 7 to 7 1/2

pounds pounds The lungs are mature The lungs are mature Baby is now fully Baby is now fully

developed and can survive developed and can survive outside the mother's body outside the mother's body

Skin is pink and smooth Skin is pink and smooth Baby settles down lower in Baby settles down lower in

the abdomen in the abdomen in preparation for birth and preparation for birth and may seem less activemay seem less active

Guided practiceGuided practice You will pick a number 1-9 out You will pick a number 1-9 out

of the cup. That # will of the cup. That # will represent a month of represent a month of pregnancy. pregnancy.

After you have chosen a month, After you have chosen a month, you will find an object in the you will find an object in the classroom that would represent classroom that would represent the size of the embryo and the size of the embryo and fetus at each stage of fetus at each stage of development. development.

After objects are collected, After objects are collected, display and give a description display and give a description of the growth represented by of the growth represented by each object. each object.

Independent PracticeIndependent Practice You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a

bulletin board according to the month of bulletin board according to the month of pregnancy you choose.pregnancy you choose.

Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to read--words must be big enough to read, no read--words must be big enough to read, no grammatical errorsgrammatical errors

Your bulletin board must provide the following:Your bulletin board must provide the following: Pictures Pictures 10 points10 points Grammatical ErrorsGrammatical Errors 10 points10 points LabelsLabels 20 points20 points Content (info discussed in class)Content (info discussed in class) 40 points40 points

Gather info from notes, textbook, InternetGather info from notes, textbook, Internet CreativeCreative 20 points20 points TOTALTOTAL 100 Points100 Points

Documents

PCD Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development Pre= __________ Natal=__________

PCD Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development Pre= Natal=