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PC Support & RepairChapter 7Laptops
Objectives• After completing this chapter, you will meet these
objectives:▫Describe laptops and other portable devices. ▫ Identify and describe the components of a laptop. ▫Compare and contrast desktop and laptop components. ▫Explain how to configure laptops. ▫Compare the different mobile phone standards. ▫ Identify common preventive maintenance techniques for
laptops and portable devices. ▫Describe how to troubleshoot laptops and portable
devices.
Identify Components of Laptops•Describe the components found on the outside of
the laptop.
•Describe the components found on the inside of the laptop.
•Compare & contrast laptop expansion options.
Project• In your group, identify all ports on each side, front,
and back
• Identify ports that are not on your laptop that other laptops may have
Laptop Ports
Memory Stick
Reader
SD Card Slot
VGA Port
HDMI Port
USB 3.0 Port
USB 2.0 Ports
Ethernet Port
DC Port
Laptop Ports
Optical Drive
Cable Lock
Microphone&
Headphone
Other Laptop Ports
Special Keys & Buttons
Review- 4Q•USB 3.0 ports are commonly what color?▫Blue
•What else can you plug into an eSATA port?▫USB device
•What does the SS mean when attached to the USB logo?▫Super Speed…it’s USB 3.0
• If there’s a lightning bolt attached to that logo, then what does that mean?▫High-powered charging is available through that port
Expansion Slots- OLD PC Card/PCMCIA
Card Type Thickness Uses Notes
Type I 3.3mm Memory Obsolete
Type II 5.0mm I/O ports Most used dongles
Type III 10.5mm HD’s & Combo I/O ports
No dongles;Supports Type
II slot
Expansion Slots- OLD PC Card/PCMCIA
Expansion Slots- ExpressCard•Replaced PCMCIA with
faster throughput•34 or 54mm wide, 5mm
thin•Hot-pluggable•Replaced by USB 2.0/3.0
ports
Expansion Slots- ExpressCard
Project•Complete the handout to identify cards and ports
Review- 4Q•A type II PCMCIA card is how thick?▫5.0mm
•A type III PCMCIA card is how thick?▫10.5mm
•ExpressCards come in two widths. Name them.▫34 & 54mm
•Why did ExpressCards replace PC Cards?▫Faster throughput
Laptop Disassembly
Replacing & Upgrading Internal Parts•Return to manufacturer or service center for repair•Sub an external component for broken internal one•Replace the internal component
•Before doing anything:▫Backup data▫Remove any cards▫Unplug & remove battery▫Ground yourself
Rules for Disassembly•Follow documentation•Use appropriate tools•Document & label cable and screw locations•Most parts are proprietary- DON’T BREAK THEM!
Battery Replacement• Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) used today•Some do not have removable battery
Hard Drive Replacement•2.5” hard drive, SATA•Mots likely accessible from bottom▫Could be under keyboard or side mount
More Difficult HD
Replacement
Memory Upgrade•204-pin DDR3 SODIMM•Check max RAM
supported first• Insert on an angle &
push down•Check after done
Replace RAM
Wireless Card Replacement•Mini-PCI or mini-PCIe (current)▫Mini-PCIe has 2 antennas
•Maybe be accessible from back or under keyboard
Mini-PCIe Wireless Card Replacement
Wireless Card Replacement
Project•Find & price FRUs for a laptop▫RAM▫HD▫Mini-PCIe card▫Optical drive▫keyboard
Review- 4Q•How many pins is today’s DDR3 SODIMM?▫204 pins
•What size hard drive is in laptops?▫2.5”
•What kind of batteries are in today’s laptops?▫Li-Ion
•Before you work on a laptop, what should you do?▫Remove power & battery; touch metal to discharge
Replacing the Display•Screen black= replace screen•Screen dim= replace inverter▫Converts DC to AC power▫LED backlight has no inverter (DC power from mobo)
Replace inverter
Backlight & Inverter
Display & Resolution• LCD▫Fluorescent backlight
• LED▫Array of LED lighting▫Even brightness & half the power
•OLED▫Organic compounds between electrodes produce light
•Plasma▫Not in laptops- high power consumption
Display & Resolution•Resolution: horizontal x vertical▫1024 x 768 & up▫XGA, WXGA, SXGA, UXGA, WUXGA
•Native Resolution▫Best display setting between monitor & graphics card▫Anything else would be distorted/stretched
•Refresh Rate▫Rescan of screen per second; 60Hz▫Higher rate= more fluid video
Display & Resolution
Multiple Displays•Use the Fn keys or Windows + P to switch display
output
Project• Lab 7.5.2.5 Laptop Screen Worksheet
Review- 4Q•What display is very bright & uses little power?▫LED
•What is a monitor’s best possible resolution called?▫Native resolution
•The higher this is, the more fluid motion is on your monitor. What is it?▫Refresh rate
• If your laptop display is dim, replace this. What is it?▫Inverter
On the Inside: Laptop vs. Desktop• Laptop motherboard is proprietary•RAM is SODIMM
Docking Station• Laptop attaches to dock with connector on laptop•Dock has expansion slots & other ports•Keep peripherals hooked up all the time
Port Replicator•Similar to docking station•No expansion slots, just more ports•Keep peripherals connected all the time
Power Settings•Advanced Power Management (APM)- OLD▫BIOS controls settings▫Anything setup in Windows conflicted with BIOS
•Advanced Configuration & Power Interface (ACPI)▫Create power management schemes in Windows that
don’t interfere with BIOS settings▫Turn off power to peripherals when not in use
ACPI in BIOS
ACPI States• S0- On & CPU running
• S1- CPU/RAM get power, unused devices not
• S2- CPU off
• S3- Sleep, RAM gets power
• S4- Hibernate, RAM contents saved to file in HD
• S5- Off
Windows 7 Power Options
Laptop Power States•Sleep▫Open files & programs saved to RAM▫Everything shut down except RAM & just enough to
quickly wake up
•Hibernate▫All work saved to hard drive & powers down▫Low battery in sleep mode gets put into hibernation
Project•Power Management Worksheet
•Screenshot of your home computer’s Power Option Settings
Review- 3Q•What is the name of the current laptop power
management feature in BIOS?▫ACPI
•Which kind of laptop expansion station includes expansion slots?▫Docking station
•Which power saving mode saves files/programs to the hard drive and powers down?▫Hibernate
Laptop Communications•Bluetooth▫IEEE 802.15.1▫2.4GHz▫Class 2 most common (33ft.)▫Supports data & file transfer
• Infrared▫Low power▫Very short range 3ft or less
(line of sight)
Laptop Communications•WiFi▫Built-in or
USB/expansion card
•Cellular WAN▫PC Card▫USB▫Connect to Hot Spot
Preventive Maintenance•Set a schedule/plan for laptops
•What 3 things should be included?▫Cleaning, Hard Drive maintenance, software updates
•What should you use to clean laptops?▫Compressed air, mild solution for outside, lint-free
cloth
Cleaning•Keyboard & touchpad▫Wipe w/ lint-free cloth & screen cleaner
•Vents▫Compressed air
• LCD screen▫Cloth & cleaner▫DO NOT spray cleaner on screen!
•Optical Drive▫Cleaning kit
Cleaning CD or DVD•Hold disc by outer edge or by inside edge•Use a lint-free cotton cloth•Wipe from center of disc outward▫Never use a circular motion
•Apply a CD/DVD cleaning solution to lint-free cloth, & wipe again
•Allow disc to dry before it is inserted into the drive
Troubleshooting & Common Problems•No display▫CAUSES: failed inverter or backlight, laptop on external
display setting•Can’t display on projector▫CAUSES: not connected, display settings/Fn key
•Dim display▫CAUSE: inverter failure
•Flickering display▫CAUSE: backlight, replace screen or laptop ($$)
Troubleshooting & Common Problems•No Power▫CAUSES: plugged in, test outlet, check AC cord in brick,
check adapter with multimeter•Battery not charging/not holding a charge▫CAUSES: battery contacts dirty, defective if very hot or
warped, battery life old•Keyboard problems▫CAUSES: sticky keys (dirty; replace keys or whole
keyboard),
Troubleshooting & Common Problems•No WiFi connectivity▫CAUSES: WiFi switch off, lost connection (sign on
again), WiFi card bad, check device manager
Review- 4Q•How can you keep a laptop physically secure?▫Kensington lock
•Which laptop expansion cards only came in 16-bit and 3 different types?▫PC Card/PCMCIA
•What are the 3 thicknesses of PC Cards?▫3.3mm, 5.0mm, 10.5mm
•The faster and current expansion cards come in what 2 sizes?▫54mm & 34mm
Review- 4Q•What kind of memory goes in laptops?▫SODIMM
•What should you do before disassembling a laptop?▫Unplug, remove battery, remove accessories
• If your LCD display is dim, what is the problem?▫Bad inverter
•Which type of common display is bright & energy efficient?▫LED
Review- 3Q•Which power mode puts the laptop in low-power mode
and saves the current state/open files in memory?▫ Sleep
•What is the current power management mode which allows Windows & BIOS to work together?▫ACPI
• Your Mini-PCIe wireless card has failed. What is the easiest & most cost effective solution to connect to the network?▫Wireless USB or Ethernet
Summary• Laptops are unique because of their compact size and their ability to operate
on battery power.• Laptops use the same types of ports as desktop computers so that peripheral
devices can be interchangeable.• Essential input devices, such as a keyboard and track pad, are built-into
laptops to provide similar functionality as desktop computers.• The internal components of laptops are typically smaller than desktop
components because they are designed to fit into compact spaces and conserve energy.
• Laptops feature function keys that can be pressed in combination with the Fn key. The functions performed by these keys are specific to the laptop model.
• Docking stations and port replicators can increase the functionality of laptops by providing the same types of ports that are featured on desktop computers.
• Laptops most commonly feature LCD and LED monitors.
Summary• Backlights and inverters illuminate laptop displays.• The power settings of laptop batteries can be configured to ensure
that power is used efficiently.• Laptops can feature a number of wireless technologies, including
Bluetooth, Infrared, Wi-Fi and the ability to access Cellular WANs.• Laptops provide a number of expansion possibilities. Users can add
memory to increase performance, make use of flash memory to increase storage capacity, or increase functionality by using expansion cards.
• Laptop components consist of CRUs and FRUs.• Laptop components should be cleaned regularly in order to extend
the life of the laptop.
Quiz- 15 Questions
PC Support & RepairChapter 7Laptops
