Advanced Computer Applications

PC Internal Components

Lesson 4

Intel is perhaps the most recognizable microprocessor manufacturer. List some others.

DO NOW 9/10

Define the term Microprocessor and its importance to a PC.

Identify the internal components of a PC.

Define computer bus and identify the different parts of the bus.

Understand cache memory and how it works.

Recognize the different types of computer ports.

OBJECTIVES

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm

Major PC Components

November 1971 - 3 Intel engineers invented the world’s first commercial microprocessor, the 4004

2,300 transistors Performed 60,000 calculations/second

Microprocessor has become the most complex mass-produced product ever developed

The Intel Microprocessor

Intel’s based on CISC – Complex Instruction Set ComputingUses commands that incorporate many small instructions to carry out a single operationAlso: DEC Alpha, IBM’s RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), Cyrix Chips, AMD Chips,etc.

The Intel Microprocessor

Motherboard

Largest circuit board inside the PC

Contains millions of electronic circuit elements on chips of silicon

Expansion sockets or slots (known as the Bus), permitting installation of additional circuit boards

Motherboard

Physical arrangement

Computer’s basic circuitry and components

Circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface

Popular design is the AT, based on the IBM AT motherboard

The ATX improves on the AT design

Motherboard

In both types the computer components included in the mother board are:

Microprocessor, Coprocessors (optional), Memory, BIOS, Expansion Slots and Interconnecting Circuitry (bus)

Motherboard

Additional components added to a through expansion slots (RAM).

Electronic interface between the motherboard and the smaller boards or cards in the expansion slots is called the bus.

PC Internal Components

Physical device that allows one hardware or electronic interface to be adapted to another

Adapter is often built into a card that can be inserted into a slot

Adapts information that is exchanged between the microprocessor and the devices (Video, Printer, Fax, Modems)

Adapter

Add capability to a computer in the form of connection pinholes and a place to fit an expansion card

Specialized capability such as video acceleration, sound, or disk drive control

Most desktops come with a set of expansion slots

Slots or Expansion Slots

ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)PCIE (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)RAM

Types of Expansion Slots

Distributes electricity to the various components of the PC systemElectrical cord plugged intoIncludes a fan that cools the internal components

Power Supply

Path between components of a computer.Electronic pathway along which signals are sent from one part of a computer to another

2 main buses in a computer

1. Internal (or System) Bus2. External (or Expansion) Bus

Bus

1. Internal (or System) Bus:◦ Resides on the motherboard◦ Connects the CPU to other devices on

the motherboard

2. External (or Expansion) Bus:◦ Connects external devices to the CPU◦ Cables are plugged into the bus

Bus

2 Parts1. Data Bus Transfers all of the data Group of parallel wires, affects the

speed

2. Address Bus Transfers memory addresses Where the data is read and written to

The Internal (or System) Bus

Moving data between RAM and the CPU’s registers is time consuming

Cache memory is similar to RAM, except that it is extremely fast compared to normal memory and is used in a different way

Cache Memory

Cache Memory – How It Works

CPU

RAM

CACHE

CACHECould also be a chip next to CPU

System Bus

Parallel Interface◦8 or more wires through which data bits can flow simultaneously.◦Examples: Printers & Scanners.

Serial Interface◦Data bits are transmitted one at a time through a single wire◦Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) converts parallel data from the bus into serial◦Examples: Modem & Fax machines.

Serial & Parallel Ports

SCSI - Small Computer System Interface (scuzzy)◦Extends the bus outside the computer by way of a cable◦Like an extension cord for the data bus

USB – Universal Serial Bus◦Standard now with all PC’s◦Allows 127 devices to be connected to the bus via a single port

Specialized Expansion Ports

Compare/Contrast at least 4 different microprocessors. Choose different manufacturers (Intel, AMD, TI, etc.)

Include speed, characteristics, similarities, differences, etc.

You may work with a partner. Hand in when completed.

Assignment

Work on your projects with your partner. Due Thursday 9/11

Famous Persons in Computer History

Directions