Installation

techniques and

practices...

Sudheesh.S

Pre installation Planning Placement and Site Selection

Air conditioning

AC Power Interference

AC Stabilizer

Power supply capabilityPC Model SMPS Wattage

PC – 8088 63.5 W

PC/XT 130 W

AT-286 192 W

Celeron PC 200 W

Pentium III PC 250 W

Pentitum IV 300W

I3 400W

I7 550 W

Installation practices

Un packing and checking

Removing a Mother board

Removing and replacing the Daughter boards

Removing the FDD, Mounting FDD

Checking the PCB Boards

Tighten the screws

Incorrect setting of DIP switches

Broken wires, Wrong connections

Missing jumpers

Physical damage to cabinet or peripherals

Routine checks

Inspect the Hardware modules, PCB’s cables..etc

FDD jumper – Drive Select

FDD cable – Twist

FDD terminator

Memory jumpers

Cable connector orientation

Processor Heat sink/ Cooling fan

Assembling preparatory Steps

Collecting Hardware & Software modules

Collecting Tools

Choosing the non metallic surface work and moisture

free environment

Caution Power to the PC should be switch OFF on assembling

Use rubber soled shoes to minimize the static charge

Use a grounding (Anti-static) strap attached on wrist

A CRT should be handled carefully while carry

Some MB support more then one processor.

Proper log should be maintained and entry

Illegal software and un confirmed software may bring

the virus

Don’t use unstabilized AC power

MERITS

Saving money, choosing exact configuration, ease of

future up gradation, gaining expertise

Installation Sequence System box preparation

Motherboard stuffing: processor and processor fan

Mother boards stuffing: DIMM, RAM

Mother board placement and Installation

IDE preparation : Master, Slave or cable select drive

Disk drives/Other peripheral installation

Daughterboard installation

Cables installation

Power connections

BIOS set-up

Loading OS and I/O Drivers

Tools

Screwdriver, flat screwdriver, pliers (needle nose) marker pen

Inside the system BOX

Inside the system BOX

PC Installation

Step – 1: Configuring the Mother board

(Now a days all in Mother board)

Step – II: Identifying the Connectors & cables

Step – III: Adding the Memory Modules

Step – IV: BIOS set – up

Step –V: Configuring the IDE card

Step –VI: Final Assembly and software

Installation

Problems with Installations

If CPU was added to working motherboard,

check:

◦ Thermal paste between CPU and heat sink

◦ Fastening between cooler and motherboard frame

◦ Pins or lands on the socket and processor

Things to check if new motherboard is not

working:

◦ Whether the front cover of the case is installed

◦ Whether the power switch on back of the case is on

◦ Incorrect connections

◦ Installation of CPU, thermal compound, and cooler

◦ Installation of all motherboard drivers on the CD

Connectors and cables

Key Board Connector

Power supply connector

I/o connectors :

Parallel port, Serial Port, Floppy port,

Primary IDE and Secondary IDE Ports

External Battery connector

Infrared device connector (Mouse)

Hard Disk LED connector

Turbo Switch connector

Reset Switch connector

Turbo LED connector

Speaker connector

Key-lock and Power LED connector

Different BIOS setup’s Standard set – up : press <DEL> to enter setup

- Date/Time, Setting for Floppy Drive A & B

- Setting for Master HD & Slave HD

Advanced Set – up :

- Keyboard & display settings, Mouse set – up

- System Boot-up NUM LOCK, System Boot Sequence

- Floppy drive seek at boot & drive swapping

- virus warning, CPU internal cache/External cache

- Quick power on self test(POST)

- Boot sequence

- Swap FD, Boot up Floppy seek, Boot up NUM LOCK status

- Boot up system speed

- Gate A20 System Speed – (HMA) High memory area

Chipset set-up :

- cache memory settings

- Auto Configuration

- DRAM cycle time selection

- MA(Memory address) wait state

- CPU to PCI IDE posting

- System BIOS cacheable – F0000 – FFFFF

-Video BIOS cacheable – C0000 to C0FFF

-Video RAM cacheable

- 8 bit and 16 bit I/O recovery time – delays

- AGP Aperture (portion of PCI MA) Size (MB)

- CPU warning temperature

- Current chassis (RPM) for CPU FAN speed

Power management:

- Enable/Disable (APM) Automatic Power management

Mode

- Sleep mode time out, Suspend mode time out

-VGA Power down, HDD Power Down

TOOLS

CMOS/BIOS Errors

The complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) stores the systems startup configurations and parameters.

To access the CMOS setup utility, press the setup key during the boot process.

The setup key must be pressed early in the boot process, or the system will load the installed OS.

The CMOS setup key is usually

F1, F2, or Delete.

CMOS/BIOS Errors

Clearing the CMOS memory is useful when the computer will not boot at all.

The easiest way is to clear memory is to remove the CMOS battery.

1. Turn off the power on the computer.

2. Remove the CMOS battery from the motherboard.

3. Short the negative and positive connections (terminals) of the battery location on the motherboard

4. Replace the CMOS battery in its original position on the motherboard.

5. Turn the power on (reboot) the system.

Overview of

Field Replaceable Units (FRUs

CPUs

CPUs must be set to receive the correct voltages to run properly.

That use Socket 5, Socket 7 or Super Socket 7 chips need to use voltage regulators.

Typically, the voltage regulators are built into the board.

They must be set at the proper voltage, or the CPU can be damaged.

Staggered pin grid array

RAM

Some motherboards require

memory modules to be

installed in a particular slot

order, or jumpers to be set

(SIMMs, DIMMs, and RIMMs).

Power Supply Issues

The power supply converts

the current coming from the

wall jack from alternating

current (AC) into direct

current (DC).

An onboard fan attached to

most power supplies cools the

power supply and internal

components.

Box Cooling Issues

Computer components are susceptible to heat.

The components operate at high speeds and in tight spaces.

The computer case plays an important role in cooling the internal components and is designed with cooling features.

Computer cases have air intake vents, which are usually cut into the sides or front of the cases.

What is Troubleshooting?

Effective troubleshooting uses techniques to diagnose and then fix computer problems.

A series of logical steps speeds up the troubleshooting process.

Rarely will simply guessing potential solutions for a problem work.

Troubleshooting is a cycle.

Problems with the Motherboard and Processor

Some symptoms of impending failure

◦ The system begins to boot but then powers down

◦ Intermittent Windows or hard drive errors occur

First troubleshooting task to perform

◦ Update drivers of components not working

◦ Use support CD bundled with motherboard

A few other tasks to perform if update does not

work

◦ Change power saving features, such as sleep mode

◦ Check jumpers, DIP switches, CMOS settings

◦ Exchange the processor

Trouble shooting the Mother board

Check the SMPS power cable & DC Voltage cables

Check whether Keyboard is connected properly

Check the Monitor and signal cables are connected Properly

Check the CMOS setting are set proper configuration

Check the driver power cable and data cable

Check all the Daughter Boards inserted properly

Check the RESET Switch connected Properly

Check KEYBOARD LOCK is Positioned Properly

Check the all IC’s are inserted in the bases Properly

Check the good Boot disk is available in drive A

Check the Speaker connector in connected Properly

Trouble shooting the Key board

Possible Problems:

- Complete Non operation, Non operation of some keys

- Broken (or) struck Keys, Keyboard Interface Problems

- Keyboard connector Problem, Keyboard Cable Problem

Diagnostic Software:

- Checking of make and break scan codes for all Keys

- Check the Status of NUM Lock, CAPS Lock, SCROLL Lock

Some Problem & Diagnostic:

- Interface Problem check the SMD IC & replace

- Non Operation check the PCB, Dry Soldering

- Broken & struck keys Feather touch (or) soft Touch

- Connector Problem Pins Replace the Keyboard

Trouble shooting Floppy disk Drive

Possible Problems on FD:

- Display the directory of Diskette which was

Previously in the drive

- will not read the drive, Error during the Reading

- New drive will not recognize by the System

Diagnosis procedure :

- check the jumper setting for disk change line

- check the data & Power cable, drive may be dirty

- Possible drive logic & controller failure

- Misalignment of drive (or) disk

- check CMOS setting & signal cables

Trouble shooting Hard disk Drive Possible Problems on HD:

- system is not booting from the Hard disk

- disk performance is slow

- system displays “ No fixed disk present”

- scan disk report the Hard disk Problem

Diagnosis procedure :

- Check CMOS setting & run the SETUP and auto detect

- Buffers set too low in CONFIG.SYS (Increase)

- Run scan disk program to arrange the data proper

manner

- Enter the CMOS setup check the POST & make sure there

is no IRQ conflicts

- run windows set up with /ls parameter.

Audio Error codes

Advancements in Nanotechnology Could

Lead to Smaller Processors, Denser Storage

A team from the University of Pittsburgh reported they have achieved a way to make transistors a fraction of the size of those used in today's silicon-based chips. Using layers of lanthanum aluminate and strontium titanate sandwiched together the team was successful in creating the miniature transistors and claim the technology could be used to produce the atom size transistors in the future.

A second team from team from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the University of California Berkeley reported finding a way to make a a thin semiconductor film capable of storing the equivalent of 250 DVDs on a surface the size of a quarter.