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The Roman Emperors
THE BEST AND THE WORST
The Best
“Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano”
“Be more fortunate than Augustus and better than Trajan”
• Trajan
• Augustus
• Hadrian
• Constantine
Hadrian Caesar Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus
Hadrian117 AD – 138 AD
• Traveling Emperor
• Defense not
Expansion
• Golden Age of Law
• Building Project
• Architectural
Revolution
Hadrian’s Wall
Defensive fortifications in Northern Britannia
Pantheon
Rebuilt by Hadrian in
126 AD
ConstantineFlavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus
Constantine the Great 306 AD – 337 AD
• Reunited Empire under
one ruler
• Founding of
Constantinople
• Religious Liberty
• Architectural
Revolution
Christianizing the Empire
The Baptism of ConstantineChi-Rho
Constantinople
AugustusImperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus
Augustus 27 BC – 14 AD
• First Emperor of Rome
• Stability, Security,
Prosperity
• Pax Romana
• Military Expansion
Roman Empire under Augustus
Shrewd Politician
Trajan Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus
Trajan 98 AD – 117 AD
Brilliant Military
Commander
Public Works
Effective and
Generous
Administrator
Trajan’s Column
Trajan’s Market
Trajan
The Worst
• Caligula
• Commodus
• Nero
Commodus Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus
Was Commodus a good Emperor?
Fictionalized Commodus in the movie Gladiator
Commodus 180 AD – 192 AD
• Megalomaniac
• No interest in governing
• Beginning of Rome’s
decline
• Not a very bright man
• Obsession with
gladiatorial games and
Hercules
Commodus = Hercules?
Commodus as a Gladiator
• Slaughtered hundreds even
thousands of men and animals
alike
Nero Nerō Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Nero 54 AD – 68 AD
• Megalomaniac
• Obsession with the arts
• Great Fire of Rome
• Murder of family members
The Great Fire of Rome
18th Century print of Domus Aurea (Golden House)
Nero
Last Words – “How great an artist
dies with me”
Colossus of Nero
Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Caligula 37 AD – 41 AD
• No interest in ruling
• Thought he was a God
• Vain and very cruel
• Possibly mentally ill
Massive ships served as floating palaces for
partying
Incitatus – Caligula’s favorite horse
which he intended to name a member of the senate
Caligula vs. Neptune
Caracalla Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus
Caracalla 198 AD – 217 AD
• Murdered brother/co-emperor Geta and his supporters
• Killed thousands in Alexandria for insults
• Cared only about the military
Murder of his brother
Alexandria
Lighthouse of Alexandria