PAVING THE PATH TO THREE TIER SPECTRUM SHARINGdyspan2017.ieee-dyspan.org/sites/dyspan2017.ieee-dyspan.org/files... · • Leader in Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Signals Intelligence

Copyright © 2015 Software Defined Radio Forum, Inc. All Rights Reserved5

PAVING THE PATH TO THREE TIER

SPECTRUM SHARING

Manuel Uhm

Chair of the Board of Directors, Wireless Innovation Forum

Director of Marketing, National Instruments

DySPAN 2017

Ettus Research Overview• Leader in Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Signals Intelligence (SI)

• Maker of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP™) – more than 40,000 units shipped

• Enables rapid development and deployment of SDR and cognitive radio systems

• Supported by a strong software ecosystem, including National Instruments LabVIEW, GNURadio(open source, C++), MATLAB/Simulink by the MathWorks®, Xilinx® Vivado and Vivado HLS, VHDL and Verilog

• DC-6 GHz, MIMO capability, Embedded, USB/GigE

• Wireless Innovation Forum – 2010 Technology of the Year

• Wireless Innovation Forum – 2014 International Achievement Award

• About The Company • Founded in 2004

• Located in Santa Clara, CA – Silicon Valley

• Acquired by National Instruments in 2010

Copyright © 2017 Software Defined Radio Forum, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Why Share Spectrum?

• We have a spectrum efficiency problem, not a spectrum scarcity problem!

• A key to maximizing the usage and value of RF spectrum

• Starting to gain significant momentum worldwide

• Used to lack a clear model on how to define and set up a system to enable

spectrum sharing…that has now changed!

• The FCC in the US has unanimously approved creation of the Citizens

Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) which is now defining such a model

• 150MHz band suitable for wireless broadband

• Three tiers of shared use

• The Wireless Innovation Forum (WINNF) is serving as the multistakeholder group

to define the industry standards and procedures for coordinating use of the

CBRS


Understanding the “Spectrum Shortage”

Slide 4


These Spectrum Measurement Studies Imply Inefficiencies

Slide 5

Source: Wireless Innovation

Forum, “Dynamic Spectrum

Sharing Annual Report 2014”,

http://groups.winnforum.org/d/d

o/7881


20 July 2012 Report from the US Presidents Council of

Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) on

“Realizing the Potential of Government-Held Spectrum

to Spur Economic Growth.”

• “The traditional practice of clearing and reallocating portions

of the spectrum used by Federal agencies is not a

sustainable model for spectrum policy”

• “The essential element of this new Federal spectrum

architecture is that the norm for spectrum use should be

sharing, not exclusivity”

PCAST Spectrum Report

400MHz 5 GHz

Total spectrum Identified: 1473.9MHz


Adopting the PCAST Model

Incumbents

Priority Access License

General Authorized Access

• April 2015: FCC adopts three-tiered spectrum sharing architecture as proposed in the 2012

Report of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST Report)

• Utilizes “fast-track” band (3550-3700 MHz) identified by PCAST and the National

Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA, the regulator of U.S. federal

government spectrum use)

• Rules are optimized for small-cell use, but also accommodate point-to-point and point-to-

multipoint, especially in rural areas

Incumbent Federal Radiolocation

Incumbent FSS Rx-Only Earth Stations

Priority Access License

General Authorized Access

Incumbent Wireless Broadband Service

3550 3600 3650 3700

← 3GPP LTE Band 42 3GPP LTE Band 43 →

Slide 7


Three-Tier Architecture

• Tier 1: Incumbents

• Tier 2: Priority Access Licenses

• Tier 3: General Authorized Access

• Tiers 2 & 3 are regulated under a new Citizens Broadband Radio

Service (CBRS)

• Citizens Broadband Radio Service Devices (CBSDs) are the fixed

base stations/access points operating under this new service

• CBSDs can only operate under the authority and management of a

centralized Spectrum Access System

• SAS manages interference to incumbents by Tiers 2 and 3, interference among Tier

2 devices, and interference from Tier 3 into Tier 2


Incumbents

• Military ship-borne radar

• Operate in 3550-3650 MHz in coastal areas

• Only 17 ships with current-generation radar in the world; about 75% of this total are

homeported in Norfolk, VA, San Diego, CA, and Seattle, WA

• Military ground-based radar

• Occasional in-band operations in 3650-3700 MHz at three sites: St. Inigoes, MD,

Pensacola, FL, and Pascagoula, MS

• Below 3500 MHz radar operations at isolated military bases spread around U.S.

• Fixed-satellite service earth stations (receive-only)

• In-band: 35 sites around the U.S.; mostly coastal sites, limited to intercontinental

international satellites

• Adjacent band (3700-4200 MHz): Thousands of sites around U.S.

• Protection criteria TBD (strict OOBE limits adopted to help protect adjacent band)

• Wireless Broadband Services (3650-3700 MHz)

• Many thousands around the country

• These stations will be transitioned to Tier 2 or 3 operation after 5 years


Priority Access License (PAL)

● Licensed by auction for three-year term

● License areas are census tractso ~74,000 census tracts in U.S., each with ~4,000 pops

● One PAL = 10 MHz channel in one census tract

● Each census tract will have a maximum of seven and a minimum

of 0 PALs

● PALs will be within 3550-3650 MHz

● Example use caseso Capacity/offload networks for established wireless service providers

o QoS-managed enterprise networks

o Utility networks

o Backhaul

o Wireless Broadband Service (after 5-year sunset on Part 90 3650-3700 MHz

operations)


General Authorized Access (GAA)

● No interference protections; must protect incumbents and PALs

● No a priori bandwidth limit or license area

● May utilize unused PAL spectrum (“unused” to be defined)

● Minimum of 80 and maximum of 150 MHz of GAA spectrum in each

area, subject to incumbent activity

● GAA can utilize any frequency in 3550-3700 MHz

● Licensed by rule

● Example use caseso Personal & small business hot spots

o Campus hot spots

o PAL offload during periods of incumbent activity interrupting PAL spectrum

o Unprotected capacity/offload for established wireless providers

o Wireless Broadband Services

o Backhaul


Spectrum Access System (SAS) Functional Architecture

Informing

IncumbentSAS 1

Domain Proxy

Incumbent Detection

(ESC)

FCC Databases

SAS-User Interface

SAS 2

SAS-SAS Interface

CBSD

Sensing

(optional)

CBSD

1

CBSD

2

CBSD

3

CBSD

4

Acronyms:

ESC: Environmental Sensing

Capability

CBSD: Citizens Broadband Radio

Service Device

SAS: Spectrum Access System

Notes:

• A SAS may not need to support

all interfaces.

• Each CBSD domain may

optionally include some sensing

capability (including possibly an

ESC).

Element Management

System (EMS) (optional)

Source: Wireless Innovation

Forum, “SAS Functional

Architecture”,

http://groups.winnforum.org/d/d

o/8512


ESCs

• Environmental Sensing Capability (ESCs) must monitor for

incumbent radar activity in coastal areas and near inland military

bases

• When incumbent activity is detected, and ESC communicates that

information to a SAS

• The SAS or SASs will reconfigure local devices within 60 s to avoid

interfering with incumbent radars

• Current incumbent radar will impact at most two channels in one area

• Area of impact is TBD, but will be ~tens of km in radius

• There are only ~20 total radars around the world, and each operates

infrequently


Exclusion Zones: Initial/Worst Case 3550-3650 MHz (No

ESC)


Protection/Coord Zones: Typical 3650-3700 MHz (With

ESC)

Potential ESC Example: Ettus USRP E313

Power Over Ethernet (POE) DC-DCLightning Protection

E310 or E330 Thermally Connected to Enclosure for -40 – 71C operation


Developing the Standards to Achieve the Vision

The Wireless Innovation Forum

Spectrum Sharing Committee

Slide 17


A nonprofit “mutual benefit corporation” dedicated to:

What is the Wireless Innovation Forum

Slide 18

“Advocating for Spectrum Innovation, and Advancing Radio Technologies Supporting Essential or Critical Communications Worldwide”


And many more…

The Forum Is Its Members

http://www.raytheon.com/

http://www.harris.com/

http://www.nasa.gov/home/index.html

http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vfda.net/docs_for_web_2007/virginia_tech_logo1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vfda.net/vt_victims_memorial.htm&h=150&w=200&sz=6&tbnid=zsWWi--LZivQ7M:&tbnh=78&tbnw=104&prev=/images?q=virginia+tech+logo&um=1&start=1&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=1

http://www.thalesonline.com/index.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Indra.svg


Corporate Background

Incorporated in California as a

Non-profit Mutual Benefit

Organization

Registered with the US

Government as a Standards

Development organization

under the National Cooperative

Research and Production Act

of 1993, as amended by the

Standards Development

Advancement Act of 2004

Slide 20

http://www.wirelessinnovation.org/assets/documents/ncrpa.pdf


Forum Structure

Slide 8


Participation to Date – 275+ People, 60+ OrganizationsMembers

• Airspan Networks

• Amdocs

• Astrapi

• AT&T*

• Cable Labs

• Cambium Networks

• Cognitive Systems

• Communications Research Centre, Canada

• ComSearch*

• Crown Castle

• CTIA*

• Ericsson*

• Federated Wireless*

• Google*

• Harris Corporation

• Huawei*

• Idaho National Labs

• Intel

• iPosi

• ITS (NTIA)

• Key Bridge Global*

• LGS Innovations

Observers

• IEEE DySPAN-SC

• DMI for US DoD

• Kingfisher Systems for US DoD

• New America Foundation

• NAB

• Roberson and Associates for US DoD

• US Air Force

• US Army/CIO

• US DISA DSO

• US DoD/CIO

• US Navy

• US NIST

• US NSWC

• US NTIA

• Utilities Telecom Council

• WiMAX Forum

Slide 22

• LS Telcom

• MITRE

• Motorola Solutions*

• NASA

• NIST

• Nokia*

• Pathfinder Wireless*

• Qualcomm*

• RED Technologies

• Rockwell Collins

• Ruckus Wireless

• Senslinq

• SIA

• Sony*

• Tarana Wireless

• T-Mobile*

• Telrad Networks

• Verizon*

• Virginia Tech

• Vistology

• WISPA

• ZTE USA * Denotes Steering Group Member


Committee Structure

Slide 23


Initial deployments will be GAA, and standards have been developed

accordingly.

Trials began in the fall of 2016. Announcements by WInnForum

member organizations have been forthcoming.

Nokia, Qualcomm and Alphabet developed a NASCAR virtual reality

demo streaming in CBRS:

https://vimeo.com/198869011/1aca4c1b9b

The WInnForum’s work plan supports the FCC’s goal for SAS

certification by mid 2017. The WInnForum is using an incremental

certification model tied to the standards evolution.

The WInnForum is working to support a PAL auction in 2017.

Commercialization Roadmap

Slide 24

https://vimeo.com/198869011/1aca4c1b9b


Release 1 Publication Timeline (Revised)

Slide 25


Border Area Management

• Requirements on Implementing international agreements to protect Canada and Mexico

CBSD Measurement Reporting

• Initial requirements for CBSD measurements of their local interference environment, and

reporting those data back to the SAS.

CBSD Registration Processing

• The requirements for how a CBSD registers with a SAS, including owner registration,

professional installer registration and CBSD registration.

Communications Security

• The communications security policies governing SAS and CBSD communications interfaces.

Domain Proxy

• The baseline Operational and Functional Requirements of the CBRS Domain Proxy for initial

testing and trials.

What is addressed in the Release 1 (1 of 3)

Slide 26


Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC)

• The requirements for implementation of an Environment Sensing Capability, and protecting

federal incumbents.

Exception Management

• The requirements for how trouble tickets or exceptions are managed, including from FCC

input, reports from incumbents, and reports from PAL.

FSS Protection

Grandfathered Wireless Device Protection

Operations Security

• The overall system operational security requirements to include handling of incumbent data,

obfuscation of spectrum data, and processes associated with auditing and governance of the

SAS infrastructure.


Slide 27


PAL Protection Area Definition

• Requirements on how PALs reports their coverage area to the SAS for end-to-end use of the

licenses. This includes how PAL licensees define PAL Protection Areas (PPAs), request to

operate in a particular geographic area within their license boundary (PPA), how PPA

credentials and IDs are defined, conveyed and managed, and how the SAS accomplishes

such protections.

Protocol Support for Priority Access Licensing

Propagation Modeling

• Identify appropriate 3.5 GHz propagation models for Incumbent and PAL protection and PPA

definition, determine relative benefits and limitations, develop agreement on baseline needs

such as underlying data, and define standardized interference aggregation methodologies.

SAS to SAS Information Sharing

• Initial support for SAS-SAS Synchronization and Information exchange.

Spectrum Grant Request Processing

• The requirements for how a CBSD requests and relinquish grants, and how grants are

reassigned or terminated.


Slide 28


Issue Management and Change Requests

Following the release of

revision 1 specifications,

change requests will be

collected from the

Forum’s public issues

management portal

Slide 29

https://winnf.memberclicks.net/index.php?option=com_mc&view=mc&mcid=form_176912


Release 2 Publication Timeline

Slide 30


Certified Professional Installer Accreditation Standard

• Guidelines for adoption of uniform industry working standards and curriculum required to be consistent

with the protection of spectrum, both licensed and GAA, for sharing in the 3550-3700 MHz band.

Certificate Authority Accreditation Standard

CBSD to CBSD Operation

Channel Assignment Optimization

• Full support of WInnForum requirements on how spectrum is assigned across SASs, including PAL.

GAA Coexistence

• A framework for providing fair shared access to CBRS radio resources while mitigating the negative

impacts from multiple signals, possibly across multiple air interface technologies, utilizing overlapping

and/or neighboring radio resources. This can be used by other organizations in establishing technology

specific coexistence agreements.

PAL Leasing

Standardized Non-protocol Procedures (e.g., owner registration)

Test and Certification Accreditation Standard

Enhancements from Release 1

What will be addressed in Release 2

Slide 31


• Increasing spectrum efficiency is critical to communications

• Spectrum sharing is a key means to do so and is driving the

development of key technologies such as Spectrum Access

Systems (SAS) and Environmental Sensing Capabilities (ESC)

• The Wireless Innovation Forum and its members are actively

developing an ecosystem around spectrum sharing at 3.5GHz in

the US via the Citizens Broadband Radio Services (CBRS)

• We look forward to continuing to bring innovation to wireless

technology and spectrum sharing

Conclusions

Slide 32


Thank you!

Manuel Uhm

[email protected]

+1 (408) 610-6368

33

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

PAVING THE PATH TO THREE TIER SPECTRUM SHARINGdyspan2017.ieee-dyspan.org/sites/dyspan2017.ieee-dyspan.org/files... · • Leader in Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Signals Intelligence