Pavement Preservation Pavement Preservation 101 - 101 - Protecting the Investment Protecting the Investment and the Environmentand the Environment

R. Gary Hicks R. Gary Hicks CP2 Center, Chico, CACP2 Center, Chico, CA

Prepared for CEAC 2014 Prepared for CEAC 2014 ConferenceConference

March 26-28, 2014March 26-28, 2014

Presentation Presentation OverviewOverview

Pavement Preservation -Pavement Preservation - What, Why & HowWhat, Why & How

Benefits of Pavement preservationBenefits of Pavement preservation CostCost EnergyEnergy EmissionsEmissions

Pavement Preservation – Pavement Preservation – What is it? What is it?

Sum of all activities Sum of all activities to provide and to provide and maintain maintain serviceable serviceable roadwaysroadways

IncludesIncludes Corrective & Corrective &

Preventive Preventive MaintenanceMaintenance

Minor & Major Minor & Major RehabRehab

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Right Treatment

Right Pavement

Right Time

Typical TreatmentsTypical Treatments

Seals (Fog, Seals (Fog, Slurry, Chip)Slurry, Chip)

Crack Seal/FillCrack Seal/Fill Micro-SurfacingMicro-Surfacing Thin HMA Thin HMA

OverlaysOverlays Thin Bonded Thin Bonded

HMAHMA Cold recyclingCold recycling

Crack & Joint SealCrack & Joint Seal Partial & Full Partial & Full

Depth RepairDepth Repair UndersealingUndersealing Dowel Bar Dowel Bar

RetrofitRetrofit Diamond Grinding Diamond Grinding

& Grooving& Grooving

ACAC PCCPCC

Maintenance of Drainage Maintenance of Drainage FeaturesFeatures

Time or TrafficTime or Traffic

ConditionCondition

Pavement Preservation - ConceptPavement Preservation - Concept

RehabilitatiRehabilitation Triggeron Trigger

PreventivPreventive Triggere Trigger

Original Original PavementPavement

Optimal Optimal TimingTiming

Pavement Preservation – Pavement Preservation – Why?Why?

Protect the Investment.Protect the Investment. Improve Level of Service.Improve Level of Service. Extend Pavement Life.Extend Pavement Life.

Reduce energy and environmental impactsReduce energy and environmental impacts Reduce Overall Life Cycle Cost.Reduce Overall Life Cycle Cost.

Trillion Dollar$ - Interstate System Trillion Dollar$ - Interstate System Alone!Alone!

Treatment Treatment RulesRules

Joint/Crack Sealing, Surface Seals

Patching, Thin Overlays

Reconstruction

Excellent

Failed

Age

Overlays, Recycling

CostCost

ExcellenExcellentt

FaileFailedd

Time or Time or TrafficTraffic

ConditioConditionn

$1 to $2/yd$1 to $2/yd22

$5 to $70/yd22

Pavement Preservation - Pavement Preservation - ChallengesChallenges

Philosophy - “Worst First”Philosophy - “Worst First” Top Management SupportTop Management Support Dedicated FundingDedicated Funding Applicable Research & Applicable Research &

Relevant TrainingRelevant Training Data Tracking & Early BenefitsData Tracking & Early Benefits SafetySafety

Pavement Preservation - Pavement Preservation - BenefitsBenefits

Customer SatisfactionCustomer Satisfaction Informed Decision MakingInformed Decision Making Improved Network Pavement Improved Network Pavement

Condition Condition Improved Strategies & TechniquesImproved Strategies & Techniques Lower Life Cycle CostLower Life Cycle Cost SafetySafety

Patience & Persistence!!!Patience & Persistence!!!

Statewide Needs Statewide Needs AssessmentAssessment

This 2012 report identifies that This 2012 report identifies that approximately $8 billion is needed approximately $8 billion is needed over the next 10 years to bring over the next 10 years to bring California roads and streets to a California roads and streets to a sustainable levelsustainable level

If current funding is maintained If current funding is maintained over the next 10 years,25% of over the next 10 years,25% of California roads and streets will California roads and streets will be in a failed conditionbe in a failed condition

www.savecaliforniastreets.org

Example of Cost SavingsExample of Cost Savings

Budget contains $1,500,000 for Budget contains $1,500,000 for pavement reconstruction, pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation and maintenance.rehabilitation and maintenance.

Typical breakdown:Typical breakdown: $1,000,000 for Rehab and $1,000,000 for Rehab and

Reconstruction (will usually be Reconstruction (will usually be dedicated to specific projects)dedicated to specific projects)

$500,000 for Maintenance (usually $500,000 for Maintenance (usually defined as patching, minor repairs, defined as patching, minor repairs, etc.) (Preventive Maintenance Usually etc.) (Preventive Maintenance Usually comes from Here)comes from Here)

What Can You Accomplish What Can You Accomplish with the Rehabilitation with the Rehabilitation Money?Money?

AssumptionsAssumptions 6” Mill and Fill is used as the reconstruct vehicle6” Mill and Fill is used as the reconstruct vehicle

HMA Costs are $75 per ton (in-place) (all inclusive)HMA Costs are $75 per ton (in-place) (all inclusive) No Disposal or Dumping FeesNo Disposal or Dumping Fees

Costs ~ $25.00 per SY for rehab and $4.00 Costs ~ $25.00 per SY for rehab and $4.00 per sy for PM per sy for PM

Total Yards able to be Reconstructed with Total Yards able to be Reconstructed with Budget?Budget? $1,000,000 $1,000,000 ÷ $25/SY = 40,000 SY Reconstructed.÷ $25/SY = 40,000 SY Reconstructed. Or 5.7 Lane Miles (Lane Mile equals 12’ x 5280 or Or 5.7 Lane Miles (Lane Mile equals 12’ x 5280 or

7,040sy). 7,040sy). Using this “Worst First” mentality, if you own 300 Using this “Worst First” mentality, if you own 300

Lane Miles of Roadway, you’ll be able to work on Lane Miles of Roadway, you’ll be able to work on each lane mile once every… 52.6 years…each lane mile once every… 52.6 years…

What if you…What if you…

Delay the rehab ONE year... and use that Delay the rehab ONE year... and use that money to do a preventive maintenance money to do a preventive maintenance program instead?program instead?

Average Costs of PM Treatments are $2.00 - Average Costs of PM Treatments are $2.00 - $6.00 per SY$6.00 per SY

So… $1,000,000 So… $1,000,000 ÷ $4 = 250,000 SY or 35 ÷ $4 = 250,000 SY or 35 lane miles which places your 300 lane miles lane miles which places your 300 lane miles on a 8.5 year cycle. Much more realistic. on a 8.5 year cycle. Much more realistic.

But what about the reconstruct roadway?... But what about the reconstruct roadway?... If you use the $500,000 that you dedicated If you use the $500,000 that you dedicated to Maintenance you can do half this year to Maintenance you can do half this year and half next year… By that time you’ll and half next year… By that time you’ll have 70 lane miles maintained.have 70 lane miles maintained.

Summary of Cost ExampleSummary of Cost Example

Alternate Funds for rehab, $

Funds forPreservation,$

Rehab- Lane Miles treated

Preservation Miles treated

1 1,000,000 500,000 5.70 17.75

2 500,000 1,000,000 2.85 35.00

Total 1,500,000 1,500,000 8.55 52.75

Energy Use and EmissionsEnergy Use and Emissions Many pavement treatments used consume Many pavement treatments used consume

lots of energy. Pavement preservation lots of energy. Pavement preservation treatments reduce the energy use and in treatments reduce the energy use and in many instances by a significant amountmany instances by a significant amount

California global warming solutions legislation California global warming solutions legislation (AB 32) established proactive steps to reduce (AB 32) established proactive steps to reduce GHG’s to 1990 levels by 2020. Pavement GHG’s to 1990 levels by 2020. Pavement preservation will help to accomplish this goal.preservation will help to accomplish this goal.

Preservation Process Preservation Process Energy and GHG Energy and GHG DeterminationsDeterminations

Energy and GHG emissions for Energy and GHG emissions for preservation treatments are also preservation treatments are also calculated for the entire process calculated for the entire process including raw materials, including raw materials, quantities used in the process, quantities used in the process, product manufacturing, product manufacturing, transportation, and installation transportation, and installation

Energy Use for Energy Use for Preservation Processes Preservation Processes (BTU/sy)(BTU/sy)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000H

OT

MIX

HIR

CIR

CH

IP S

EA

L

SL

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RY

SE

AL

CR

AC

K S

EA

L

CR

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K F

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G S

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GHG Emissions For GHG Emissions For Preservation Processes (Lb Preservation Processes (Lb CO2/sy)CO2/sy)

0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00

10.00

HO

T M

IX

HIR

CIR

CH

IP S

EA

L

SL

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SE

AL

CR

AC

K S

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CR

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Annual Energy Use for Annual Energy Use for Preservation Processes Preservation Processes (BTU/sy/yr)(BTU/sy/yr)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000H

OT

MIX

HIR

CIR

CH

IP S

EA

L

SL

UR

RY

SE

AL

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AC

K S

EA

L

CR

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K F

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EA

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Annual GHG for Annual GHG for Preservation Processes (lb Preservation Processes (lb CO2/sy/yr)CO2/sy/yr)

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60H

OT

MIX

HIR

CIR

CH

IP S

EA

L

SL

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SE

AL

CR

AC

K S

EA

L

CR

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Comparison of Comparison of Annualized Energy Use Annualized Energy Use ResultsResults

Lowest Energy (<1000 Btu/sy/yr)Lowest Energy (<1000 Btu/sy/yr)

-Crack Seal and Fog Seal-Crack Seal and Fog Seal Medium Energy (1000-3000 Btu/sy/yr)Medium Energy (1000-3000 Btu/sy/yr)

-Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, and -Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, and CIRCIR

Highest Energy (3,000-10,000 Highest Energy (3,000-10,000 Btu/sy/yr)Btu/sy/yr)

-Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New -Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, and Warm Mix Rehabilitationand Warm Mix Rehabilitation

Comparison of Annualized Comparison of Annualized GHG Emission ResultsGHG Emission Results

Lowest (<0.15 lb CO2/sy/yr)Lowest (<0.15 lb CO2/sy/yr)-Crack Seal, Fog Seal-Crack Seal, Fog Seal

Medium ( 0.1-0.5 lb CO2/sy/yr)Medium ( 0.1-0.5 lb CO2/sy/yr)-Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, -Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, and CIRand CIR

Highest ( 0.7-1.8 lb CO2/sy/yr)Highest ( 0.7-1.8 lb CO2/sy/yr)-Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New -Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, Warm Mix RehabilitationWarm Mix Rehabilitation

Preservation treatments are cost Preservation treatments are cost effectiveeffective

Preservation treatments use less Preservation treatments use less energy and generate less GHG energy and generate less GHG emissions than new construction or emissions than new construction or rehabilitation.rehabilitation.

Preservation treatments should be Preservation treatments should be utilized to the maximum extent utilized to the maximum extent possible to save money, energy, possible to save money, energy, and the environmentand the environment

FindingsFindings

What is next in this What is next in this session?session?

Case histories Case histories on CIR, FDR, and on CIR, FDR, and soil stabilizationsoil stabilization

Summary Summary related to the related to the energy and energy and environmental environmental benefits of benefits of preservationpreservation

Any QuestionsAny Questions

For more information, please For more information, please contactcontact

R. Gary Hicks PhD, P.E. R. Gary Hicks PhD, P.E. rghicks@csuchico.edu

www.cp2info.org/center LA County was able to reduce GHG by 88% and

saved nearly $8 million in the past 4 years using Preservation Treatments