PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015

Decentralised Water Supply:PAUL – an easy to use sophisticatedy p

water supply technologyusing the Ultra Low Pressure Ultra‐Filtration g

(ULPUF) process

Univ Prof Dr Ing Franz Bernd FrechenUniv.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Franz‐Bernd FrechenUniversität Kassel

Chair, IWA Specialist Group“Membrane Technology”

Winner 2011 in thecategory „society“

“Membrane Technology”Obmann, DWA Fachausschuss “Membrananlagen”

Slid

e 1 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015WASH – water, sanitation & hygiene

With t f t h i i bl tiWithout safe water, hygiene is problematicSanitation only does not avoid diseasesOptimal results are achieved if all three issues are addressed

Safe water is a core target

Transportation of safe water in rural areas is nonsense and much too expensive

Decentralized water treatment is the key technology

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e 2 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015which technology to be used?

Table 7.8 Reductions of bacteria, viruses and protozoa achieved by householdTable 7.8 Reductions of bacteria, viruses and protozoa achieved by household water treatment technologies

Slid

e 3 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015filtration is mostly done by the cake layer

cake layerraw cake layer(filtration active)

rawwater filtrate

1/1 000 of thediameter of a human hairhuman hair

(MWCO 150 kDalton)

Solids (organic anorganicmembrane

typical pore width 20 to 100 nm (0 020 to 0 100 µm)

Solids (organic, anorganic, bacteria, pathogens, …)

Slid

e 4 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

typical pore width 20 to 100 nm (0.020 to 0.100 µm)

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015removal of bacteria, example cholera

© wikipedia

cholera bacteriadiameter 300 to 500 nm length 2 000 nm ( 2 µm)

membranetypical pore width 20 to 100 nm (0 020 to 0 100 µm)

diameter 300 to 500 nm, length 2 000 nm ( 2 µm)

Slid

e 5 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

typical pore width 20 to 100 nm (0.020 to 0.100 µm)

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015WaterBackpack “PAUL” designed by DESEE:

t DESEE t ti 2001 at DESEE, starting 2001, wedesigned the WaterBackpackll d “PAUL” llcalled “PAUL”, a small mem‐

brane ultrafiltration (UF) unit membrane area 9.5 m2

1,200 L/d for 400 people in, / p pemergency and 60 peopleas permanent supplyp pp y

weight: 23 kg h i ht 1 2 height: 1.2 m size: 0.4 m x 0.4 m  6 or 12 units fit on a standard

Euro‐palette

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e 6 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

p

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015operation principles PAUL

d d d filt ti dead end filtration ultra low pressure: 0.00 to 0.08 bar (0.04 typical) 9.5 m² membrane surface area nominal flux 5 LMH nominal yield 1 200 L/d nominal flux 5 LMH, nominal yield 1,200 L/d flat sheet vertically mounted

Slid

e 7 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The requirements are:

No chemicals needed No chemicals needed

N d d No energy needed

i l d d No operation personnel needed 

No maintenance needed 

Absolutely robust 

Instant delivery 

Easily transportable 

Slid

e 8 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d No energy needed

i l d d No operation personnel needed 

No maintenance needed 

Absolutely robust 

Instant delivery 

Easily transportable 

Slid

e 9 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d U it TMP id d b th t l l No energy needed – Uses gravity: TMP provided by the water level difference (max. 0.80 m) due to height of the WaterBackpack

i l d d No operation personnel needed

No maintenance needed 

Absolutely robust 0,80 m

Instant delivery  max.

Easily transportable 

Slid

e 10 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d U it TMP id d b th t l l No energy needed – Uses gravity: TMP provided by the water level difference (max. 0.80 m) due to height of the WaterBackpack

i l d d Si l i l i No operation personnel needed – Simple pictograms explain usage even to illiterates

No maintenance needed 

Absolutely robust 

Instant delivery 

Easily transportable 

Slid

e 11 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d U it TMP id d b th t l l No energy needed – Uses gravity: TMP provided by the water level difference (max. 0.80 m) due to height of the WaterBackpack

i l d d Si l i l i No operation personnel needed – Simple pictograms explain usage even to illiterates

No maintenance needed – just pour waterin over months and months

0,80 m

Absolutely robust

max. Instant delivery 

Easily transportable 

Slid

e 12 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d U it TMP id d b th t l l No energy needed – Uses gravity: TMP provided by the water level difference (max. 0.80 m) due to height of the WaterBackpack

i l d d Si l i l i No operation personnel needed – Simple pictograms explain usage even to illiterates

No maintenance needed – just pour waterin over months and months

Absolutely robust – no moving parts,lifetime of the membrane ≈ 10 years 0,80 m

Instant delivery  max.

Easily transportable 

Slid

e 13 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d U it TMP id d b th t l l No energy needed – Uses gravity: TMP provided by the water level difference (max. 0.80 m) due to height of the WaterBackpack

i l d d Si l i l i No operation personnel needed – Simple pictograms explain usage even to illiterates

No maintenance needed – just pour waterin over months and months

Absolutely robust – no moving parts,lifetime of the membrane ≈ 10 years 0,80 m

Instant delivery – can be stored readyto use, 6 fit on an Euro‐Palette

max.

Easily transportable

Slid

e 14 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015The solutions of the WaterBackpack “PAUL”:

No chemicals needed Membrane (A 9 5 m2) to filter pathogens No chemicals needed – Membrane (Amem 9.5 m2) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kDalton)

N d d U it TMP id d b th t l l No energy needed – Uses gravity: TMP provided by the water level difference (max. 0.80 m) due to height of the WaterBackpack

i l d d Si l i l i No operation personnel needed – Simple pictograms explain usage even to illiterates

No maintenance needed – just pour waterin over months and months

Absolutely robust – no moving parts,lifetime of the membrane ≈ 10 years 0,80 m

Instant delivery – can be stored readyto use, 6 fit on an Euro‐Palette

max.

Easily transportable – weighs 20 kg,transporton the back, by bike, by lorry, by helicopter ....

Slid

e 15 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015how much water is filtered per day?

water for 400 affected people: 1 200 L/d (800 bottles 1 5 Liter each)water for 400 affected people: 1,200 L/d (800 bottles 1.5 Liter each) – see picture: 1 day production (1.2 tons of water)

Slid

e 16 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015bacteria removal

6

7

e LRV

4

5on

‐Value

2

3

Redu

ctio

Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius0

1

Log‐R

e.coli coliforme I.E. e.coli coliforme I.E.

ISO 9308‐1 ISO 9308‐1 ISO 7899‐2 ISO 9308‐1 ISO 9308‐1 ISO 7899‐2

PAUL A PAUL A PAUL A PAUL B PAUL B PAUL B

Min 5,301 5,368 4,444 5,672 5,929 5,041Mittel 5,689 5,704 5,092 6,013 6,144 5,245

minavg , , , , , ,Max 6,362 6,415 5,568 6,380 6,431 5,544max

g

analyzed by Institut Fresenius Göttingen

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e 17 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

analyzed by Institut Fresenius, Göttingen

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA)

added virusses

human adenovirusses

analyzed by Federal Environment Agency Dessau/Roßlau

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e 18 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA)

total amount filtered in m³total amount filtered in m³

analyzed by Federal Environment Agency Dessau/Roßlau

feed: drinking water

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e 19 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015latest development stage and accessories

t i side view

valve closed

top view side viewfront

valve open

tile with valve incl. float, replaces

sieve

Slid

e 20 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015latest development stage and accessories

raw water tank

optional:pre-sieve

detailtile valve closed

optional:valve

t i side viewvalve float

valve openvalve closed

top view side viewfront

tile with valve to be mounted in the

valve open

mounted in the filtered water tank at proper height

filt d

tile with valve incl. float, replaces

sieve

filteredwatertank

Slid

e 21 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015latest development stage and accessories

raw water tank

optional:pre-sieve

detailtile valve closed

optional:valve

t i side viewvalve float

valve openvalve closed

top view side viewfront

tile with valve to be mounted in the

valve open

mounted in the filtered water tank at proper height

filt d

tile with valve incl. float, replaces

sieve

filteredwatertank

Slid

e 22 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015distribution of PAUL

Colombia: 8Comoros: 13

Congo: 17Malawi: 22

Madagascar: 10 Malaysia: 4Mexico: 2Mongolia: 3Mozambique: 3

Namibia: 1Niger: 1

Nigeria: 5 1.764 PAULas of 15.09.2015

Pakistan: 255Cameroon: 9

Kenya: 9

Kenya/Somalia: 31

Colombia: 8Cuba: 12

Mozambique: 3

Myanmar: 160Nepal: 216

India: 14Indonesia: 12Cambodia: 6 Pakistan: 257

Peru: 10

Haiti: 167Philippines: 165

U it d Ki d 2

Guatemala: 1Russia: 1

Senegal: 1Vietnam: 118unknown: 90

France: 1Gambia: 26Ghana: 11

United Kingdom: 2 Russia: 1Sambia: 1

Switzerland: 1Zimbabwe: 1

Somalia: 11

unknown: 90

Afghanistan: 14Egypt: 5

Bénin: 10

Bolivia: 1Chile: 2Dom. Rep.: 1

Ecuador: 5

Eritrea: 5 Somalia: 11St. Lucia: 2

South Sudan: 7Swaziland: 1

T i 2

Tanzania: 14

Togo: 2Uganda: 21

Venezuela: 10

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e 23 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

Bénin: 10Bulgaria: 1 Taiwan: 2Togo: 2Turkey/Syria: 5

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015some parties who brought PAUL into service are

Stiftunglife

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e 24 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

g

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015… and about cost

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e 25 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015… more very important facts

N t i t t id t t b No spare parts import necessary, as no cartridges etc. must be replaced on a regular basis

No waste of resources concerning firewood, as boiling the water for disinfection is not necessary anymore

Waste minimization, as water will no longer be supplied in  plastic bottlesp

Local added value by creation of employment as plant manufacturer/water vendor/plant operator/maintenancemanufacturer/water vendor/plant operator/maintenance worker – perfect for micro financing

D ti ll d d f ill th Dramatically reduced cases of illness, thus less cost due to illness less cost due to inability to work less cost due to inability to work less absence from school = improved educational opportunities

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e 26 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015Uganda

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e 27 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015Tanzania

©  Schaupppp

©  Schaupp

installed March 2012 since then no more cases of diarrhea

pp

since then, no more cases of diarrhea, cholera or other waterborne diseases according to locals© S h

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e 28 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

according to locals©  Schaupp

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015Nepal

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e 29 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015Ghana

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e 30 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015Ecuador

Slid

e 31 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

PAUL at Lions EF Augsburg, 09.10.2015thank you very much for your attention !

www uni-kassel de\fb14\siwawiwww.uni-kassel.de\fb14\siwawiwww.waterbackpack.org

Winner 2011 in the categorythe category

„society“

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e 32 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

© Humanity Care Foundation