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Patti Stouter, Simple Earth Structures NY/ New Mexico
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Light above-
Straw higher
from water,
trash less
vulnerable to
damage or fire
Heavy below-
12” thick bag
walls
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15” Thick walls
Thermal mass
Modest compressive strength
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Tubes/ bags; Mesh/ Solid; Clay/ Sand/ Rubble fill5
20- 25% cost of cement block
Included tensile materials
15” thick thermal mass
Bag cost
Heavy labor
Hard to cut openings later
In earthquake zones must plaster to preserve bags
Photo: S Smoot (Utah Haiti Relief) 6
Rasin FoundationClinic & Guesthouse
Children of Hope Orphanage School
Photos: Above- Rasin Fdn; Right- S Smoot 7
Haiti Christian Development Project Phase 1 Housing Phase 2 Plans
Haitians love 12+ houses built to date•2 rooms $2200•Coolness in hot season•‘Haitian style’
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Interconnected
3-dimensional matrix
Attached through walls to plaster
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Straight walls tested :
Queens U, Canada
Hohai U, China
Cape Peninsula U of Tech, South Africa
U Bath, UK
U Florida, US
Hard to disassemble
Doesn’t collapse
Domes proven for seismic hazard (Cal earth)
Photo: Croft
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12
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Use sand or sandy fill
4-5 courses thick
Similar damping to rubber
Reduce strength needed by 1/3?
Hohai U report 2011
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Increase friction:
Wire mesh pins Mortar anchors Strapping
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Stiffen:•Vertical rebar •Curves, piers •Mesh in plaster
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Mesh corners Metal braces Rebar braces in piers or corners
Photo: R Johnson
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Flexible
Mortar anchors: $8
Wire mesh pins: $45
Rebar inside walls: $60 Stabilized & braced piers
holding up raw wall:
$200 Mesh & cement stucco:
$210- $240
Steel-braced corners:
$160- $260 Cement-stabilized bag
fill whole building:
$300+ Steel-cement stress skin
panel: $500
Stiffer
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1 or 2 rebar in each small post
Capture 1 strand wire
Must be easy to build
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Included posts at corner s and intersections
3” x 5” vertical post minimum
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Filler to reduce amount of concrete
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Pour grade beams in sand bag forms
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plastic mesh
corrugated metal
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Flexible and strong strawbale But must keep dry
Must cover with lime plaster24
Wattle and daub Light clay infill Vetiver log building
Photos: Left: K Rowell; Lower middle: Wolfe; Right: P Thammanoon25
Moderate strength structural wall for small buildings
Fill with straw
Sew tubes together
Secure to bracing
Pour clay slip
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Heavy when wet
Moderate compressive strength
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Inset in interior walls
Less exposed to weather/ bugs
Can be inspected
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Keep walls dry
Needs breathable plaster
Water-resistant base
Good roof
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SIPS panels Foam shelter Trash walls
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From problem to resource
Cement stucco ok
Insulating
Very cheap
Fire hazard
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Horizontal structural wall with rebar pins
Vertical infill tied to structural frame
Structural wall AND infill material?
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Weave rebar through mesh
Inclusions of rubble between posts
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Brace walls with more wattle
Create roofs like adobe’s Nubian vaults
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Plastic trash heading for the sea from Haiti
Hand press costs $300- $600
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Light weight means that women can build
Post-tensioning
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Non-recyclable plastics need mesh or rice bags to hold stucco
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Good compressive strength
Survived shake table test- lost one shutter
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