Upload
atiqah-alias
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 1/20
• MUHAMAD ZAKI ZAFRI BIN ZAINAL
•
PATRICK PAUL RAJ A/L PHILIP
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 2/20
• 1. CULTURAL (ZAKI)
= FEMINIST THEORY
• 2. SOCIOLOGICAL (PATRICK PAUL)
= MARXIST THEORY
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 3/20
SIEW YUE KILLINGLEY
• Siew-Yue Killingley was born in 1940in Kuala Lumpur, in a Cantonese-speaking family, and moved toEngland in 1968.
• Her work as a teacher began in 1961,when she taught in schools while still
a student at the University of Malaya.
• After graduating she taught Englishlanguage, literature, phonetics, and
linguistics at the University of Malaya.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 4/20
SYNOPSIS
• Siew Yue Killingley in Everything’s
Arranged, tell about a Ceylonese girlnamed Rukumani that having secretaffair with a Ceylonese boy namedDevanayagam while studying atUniversity. Both of them love each
other deeply. As they went for longsterm vacation, their secret affairdiscovered by their parents. The storytell about how these young couple,
especially Rukumani have struggleand suffer because of their familymembers, relatives and theircommunity as they try to get togetherin life. Her marriages were arranged
against her own wish.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 5/20
CULTURAL CRITICISMDEFINITION
•
Focusing on it particularly as it concernsquestioning the ways Western culturaltradition expressed in literature definesitself partly by stifling the voices of oppressed groups or even by demonizing
those groups.
• Focus on how literary tradition hasconstructed models of identity foroppressed groups, how these groupshave constructed oppositional literaryidentities, and how differentcommunities of readers might interpretthe same text differently due to varied
value systems.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 6/20
FEMINIST THEORYDEFINITION
• Study and advocate the rights of women.
• concerned with "...the ways in which literature
(and other cultural productions) reinforce or
undermine the economic, political, social, andpsychological oppression of women" (Tyson).
• This school of theory looks at how aspects of our
culture are inherently patriarchal (male dominated)
and "...this critique strives to expose the explicit
and implicit misogyny in male writing about
women" (Richter 1346).
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 7/20
FEMINIST THEORY
1st CRITERIA
- Feminists possess a
collective identity: they are
women (and some man)
who are struggling to
discover who they are, how
they arrived at their present
situation, and where theyare going.
-
(Charles E. Bressler. 1994)
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 8/20
1st EVIDENCE:
“ Marriage was such a spiritual thing, really, that
if sex were brought into it, it would give her thewrong ideas, such as those of the Modern Girl”
(Siew Yue Killingley, 1965)
- If sex is mention infront of a girl, it can give the
wrong idea about marriage to them.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 9/20
• 2nd CRITERIA
- Feminist believe is a male dominated world.
- Feminist declare that it is man who defines
what it means to be human, not woman.
(Charles E. Bressler. 1994)
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 10/20
• 2nd EVIDENCE
“It was really the women who doing most of the
talking, the men adding a grunt or two whentheir opinions were asked.”
(Siew Yue Killingley, 1965)
- Women is controlling the situation while men
only hear and add something when the women
asked them.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 11/20
• 3rd CRITERIA
- Feminist critics want to
show humankind the
errors of such a way of
thinking.
- Women, they declare,
are people in their
own right; they are not
incomplete or inferior
men.
(Charles E. Bressler.
1994)
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 12/20
• 3rd EVIDENCE
“Young people nowadays have no shame. My
mother would have sent me out of the house if Ihad entertained a boy friend as freely as that.”
(Siew Yue Killingley, 1965)
- Girls are not allowed to treat a boy freely.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 13/20
• 4th CRITERIA
- Women cannot be independence
- Women cannot without support of a man
4th
evidence= a Chinese womenwho had a veritable brood with her,
and she was having an argument
with the ticket inspector, who said
that her children could not share
one ticket.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 14/20
SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM
• DEFINITIONAn approach to literature that
examines social groups,
relationships, and values as they are
manifested in literature.
Emphasize the nature and effect of
the social forces that shape power relationships between groups or
classes of people.
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 15/20
MARXIST THEORY
• Based on the social and economic theoriesof Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Theirbelief includes :
– Value is based on labor.
– The working class will eventuallyoverthrow the capitalist middle class.
– The middle class exploits the workingclass.
• Marxist critics apply these economic andsocial theories to literature by analyzing
-Class conflict
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 16/20
MARXISM
• 1ST criteria: SOCIAL STATUS –
the status of a Ceylonesefamily in society.
Evidence = “We have been
Ceylonese Tamils for a long
time. Do you think you can
spoil our blood now?”
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 17/20
MARXISM
• 2nd criteria : EDUCATION STATUS – the status of a
women with education and without it.
Evidence = “grooms family would demand more
dowry if she did not become a B.A.”
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 18/20
MARXISM
• 3rd criteria : STATUS OF
BRANDED OUTFIT – importance
given to branded things which
indirectly affects the working
class
Evidence = “Junior Kashmir could
be recognized as something
inferior from as far away as
twenty yards whereas Senior
Kashmir ‘got class’
8/2/2019 Patrick Paul
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 19/20
MARXISM• 4TH criteria : STATUS OF A
HOUSEWIFE – under a control of mother in law and husband as aworking class people.
Evidence = 1. “Rukumani’s motherin order to shift some blame fromherself, sometimes tried to get hermother in law on her side”
2. “Mr.Sambanthan accused hiswife of not teaching her daughtermorals.”