Patrick Geddes Theory of Evolution in Cities(Biologist, sociologist, geographer and Town Planner)Rural development, Urban planning and City Design are not the same and adopting a common planning is disastrous.GEDDII!" #RI!D $ %!#RIC& GEDDEFather of modern town planning.First to link sociological concept into town planning.Survey before plan i.e. diagnosis before treatment. !'(U# IR %!#RIC& GEDDESir Patrick Geddes(2 October !"#$% &pril '2() was a Scottish biologist* sociologist* geographer* philanthropist and pioneering town planner.+e is known for his innovative thinking in the ,elds of urban planning and sociology.+e introduced the concept of region to architecture and planning and coined the term -.onurbation/.Geddes was the founder of the .ollege des 0cossaise (scots college) an international teaching establishment in 1ontpellier* France. +e studied at the royal college of mines in london under 2homas +enry +u3ley between !%# and !%!* and lectured in 4oology at 0dinburgh 5niversity from !!6 to !!!.+is principles for town planning in 7ombay demonstrate his views on the relationship between social processes and spatial form* and the intimate and causal connections between the social development of the individual and the cultural and physical environment. 2hey included8 ( 7ombay 2own Planning &ct of '"9)Preservation of human life and energy* rather than super,cial beauti,cation..onformity to an orderly development plan carried out in stages.Purchasing land suitable for building.Promoting trade and commerce.Preserving historic buildings and buildings of religious signi,cance.:eveloping a city worthy of civic pride* not an imitation of 0uropean cities.Promoting the happiness* health and comfort of all residents* rather than focusing on roads and parks available only to the rich..ontrol over future growth with ade;uate provision for future re;uirements.C("CE%#Patrick Geddes e3plained an organismuence of the highest level into the region.2o put it another way* Geddes said that 9it takes a whole region to make the city/.2he valley section illustrated the application of GeddesAs trilogy of AfolkDworkDplaceA to analysis of the region.2he valley section is a comple3 model* which combines physical conditionC geology and geomorphology and their biological associations C with soCcalled natural or basic occupations such as miner* hunter* shepherd or ,sher* and with the human settlements that arise from them.Geddes illustrated the section using the locally available landscapes of 0dinburgh and its hinterlandC("UR'!#I("C("UR'!#I(" #)E(R,2he term 9conurbation9 was coined in '" byPatrick Geddesin his bookCities In Evolution.=nternationally* the term 9urban agglomeration9 is often used to convey a similar meaning to 9conurbation9. +e drew attention to the ability of the (then) new technology of electric power and motorised transport to allow cities to spread and agglomerate together* and gave as e3amples 91idland ton9 in 0ngland* theFuhrin Germany*Famstadin theGetherlands*Gew HorkC7ostonin the5nited States*theGreater 2okyo &reaand 2aiheiyI 7eltin Japan andG.F of :elhi in =ndia.&conurbationis a region comprising a number ofcities* largetowns* and otherurban areasthat* throughpopulation growthand physical e3pansion* have merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area.=n most cases* a conurbation is a polycentricurban agglomeration* in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urbanlabour marketortravel to work area.2he term is used in Gorth &merica* a metropolitan area can be de,ned by the .ensus 7ureau or it may consist of acentral cityand itssuburbs* while a conurbation consists of adKacent metropolitan areas that are connected with one another by urbani4ation.C("UR'!#I(" #)E(R,C("UR'!#I(" $ waves of population in>ow to large cities* followed by overcrowding and slum formation* and then the wave back>ow $ the whole process resulting in amorphous sprawl* waste and unnecessary obsolescence.E-!.%+E (/ C("UR'!#I("NEW YORK2he e3pansive concept of theGew Hork metropolitan area(the2riCState Fegion) centred on Gew Hork .ity* including (6 counties spread betweenGew Hork State*Gew Jersey*.onnecticut* andPennsylvania* with an estimated population of 2*'@*''# in 266%.&ppro3imately oneC,fteenth of all 5.S. residents live in the Greater Gew Hork .ity area.2his conurbation is the result of several central cities whose urban areas have merged.UNITED KINGDOM=ndustrial and housing growth in the5nited Lingdomduring the 'th and early 26th centuries produced many conurbations. Greater ?ondonis by far the largest urban area and is usually counted as a conurbation in statistical terms* but diMers from the others in the degree to which it is focused on a single central area.=n the midC'"6s theGreen 7eltwas introduced to stem the further urbanisation of the countryside in 5L.2he term 9conurbation9 is closer to the meaning ofurban agglomeration.2he list below shows the most populous urban areas in the 5L as de,ned by theONce for Gational Statistics(OGS). 2he Greater ?ondon 5rban &rea contains the whole of what is commonly called?ondon* but OGS de,nitions divide ?ondon into a large number of smaller localities of which the largest is .roydon.I"DI!1umbai 1etropolitan Fegion(11F) is a metropolitan area consisting of the metropolis of 1umbai and its satellite towns. :eveloping over a period of about 26 years* it consists of seven municipal corporations and ,fteen smaller municipal councils.2he region has an area of #*(""kmO and with a population of 26*''!*('"* it is among the top ten most populated urban agglomeration in the world. =t is linked with 1umbai through the 1umbai Suburban Failway system and a large network of roads.2heGational .apital Fegion(G.F) is a name for the conurbation or metropolitan area which encompasses the entire Gational .apital 2erritory of :elhi as well as urban areas ringing it in neighbouring states of5P*+aryanaandFaKasthan.Bith a total area of about ((*"%!km2(2*'@" s; mi) it had an estimated population of 2*'@*''# in 266%.C("#E++!#I(" #)E(R,&s we all saw in the map* prominent cities in 1aharashtra are shown to be connected forming a P.OGS20??&2=OG< shape.2his .OGS20??&2=OG 2+0OFH was also coined by Sir Patrick Geddes * -# or more cities* which are not economically* politically* socially e;ual come togetherin developing a whole region/2his theory is mostly used for administrative purpose in all countries worldwide.Such theory is most prominently used because planning cities in a particular shape pattern is not possible in 2oday