Patient Monitoring System to Remote Doct

8/15/2019 Patient Monitoring System to Remote Doct

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Patient monitoring system to Remote Doctors using GSM and

Zigbee technology

FROM:

Engr Rana Muhammad Shakeel

[email protected]

https://www.facebook.com/EngnrShakeel

pl like m! page:

https://www.facebook.com/Electrical"Electronics

For MORE PROJECTShttp://electro#technolg!.blogspot.com

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. PROJECT OBJECTIVE

$

De!t o" Medical electronics SS#T$ Tum%ur

mailto:[email protected]://www.facebook.com/EngnrShakeelhttps://www.facebook.com/Electrical4Electronicshttp://electro-technolgy.blogspot.com/https://www.facebook.com/EngnrShakeelhttps://www.facebook.com/Electrical4Electronicshttp://electro-technolgy.blogspot.com/mailto:[email protected]


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In this chapter introduction of the PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM TO REMOTE

DOCTORS USING GSM AND ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY are discussed. It gives overallview of the project design and the related literature and the environment to be considered.

Chapter wise organization of the thesis and the appendices is given at the end of this chapter. At

first we discuss the main processing done using 8051 microcontroller is and then what is the

process that can be automated which is within the scope of the wor. !hen we discuss the

implementation aspects.

1.2. OVERVIEW

In case of emergenc" and dangerous situations we have to alert the doctor immediatel". #or

this we are using a $igbee based networ for doctor to patient communication in the hospital and

even to communicate and indicate the status of the patient through %&%. !his wa" of

communication is actuall" done with $igbee networ topolog" and with the '%& networ. (ach

patient will be given this module and with the help of this module the patient health condition is

monitored and if there is an" change in the condition of the health then it immediatel" sends that

changed data through $igbee to the local s"stem where the main module is connected to the

computer to maintain the status of the patient.

!he heart beat is monitored with the pulse rate of the bod". !he high intensit" light sensor

senses the e)pansion and contraction of the heart with the help of the nerves. !hat beam will

transmit the signal to the receiver and the minute change in the pulse is noticed as the heart beat.

If there is an" change in the pulses then it is noticed as the change in the heart and then the

controller will get a disturbed pulse count which indicates the fault or malfunction of the heart.

!he controller is fi)ed for a no. of pulses initiall". If there is an" change in the an" of the pulsecount then it considers as a malfunction of the heart and then it transmits the pulse count with the

patients I* to the doctor in the hospital and at the same to it sends a sms to a fi)ed number in the

microcontroller. !his is convenient process to monitor the patients health conditions form an" of

%



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C!"#$% 3& *etailed s"stem description and development environment

!his chapter gives a brief e)planation of the overall design processing and detailed functionalit"

of the circuit and also covers the literature surve" i.e. general introduction and features of the

hardware elements involved.

C!"#$% 4& *esign (lements

!his chapter describes the complete design elements of the project for the microcontroller

along with '%& &odem $igbee module sensors and 3i,uid Cr"stal *ispla".

C!"#$% 5& Circuit *escription

!his chapter includes the circuit operation of the s"stem.

C!"#$% '& %oftware ()planation

In this chapter it includes the total software e)planation of the 4I(3 6I%I7

9microcontroller coding scope software and flash magic.

C!"#$% (& #uture %cope

!his chapter includes the future scope regarding the project.

C!"#$% )& Conclusion

!his chapter includes the overall conclusion of the project.

CHAPTER-2

ECG* HEART RATE AND BODY TEMPERATURE

2.1 H+,! H$!%#

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FIGURE 2.1& L!#$%! /$0# +,! $!%#

!he human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through

the cardiac c"cle and is one of the most vital organs in the human bod". !he heart is divided into

four main chambers: the two upper chambers are called the left and right atria and two lower

chambers are called the right and left ventricles. !here is a thic wall of muscle separating the

right side and the left side of the heart called the septum. ormall" with each beat the right

ventricle pumps the same amount of blood into the lungs that the left ventricle pumps out into

the bod". ;h"sicians commonl" refer to the right atrium and right ventricle together as the right

heart and to the left atrium and ventricle as the left heart.

!he electric energ" that stimulates the heart occurs in the sinoatrial node which produces a

definite potential and then discharges sending an impulse across the atria. In the atria the

electrical signal move from cell to cell while in the ventricles the signal is carried b" specialized

tissue called the ;urinje fibers which then transmit the electric charge to the m"ocardium.

2.2 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH ECG

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FIGURE 2.2& &' (ead ECG o" a ')*year*old male+

(lectrocardiograph depolarizes> during each heart beat. At rest each

heart muscle cell has a charge across its outer wall or cell membrane reducing this charge

towards zero is called de?polarization which activates the mechanisms in the cell that cause it to

contract. *uring each heartbeat a health" heart will have an orderl" progression of a wave of

depolarization that is triggered b" the cells in the sinoatrial node spreads out through the atrium

passes through >intrinsic conduction pathwa"s> and then spreads all over the ventricles. !his is

detected as tin" rises and falls in the voltage between two electrodes placed either side of the

heart which is displa"ed as a wav" line either on a screen or on paper. !his displa" indicates the

overall rh"thm of the heart and weanesses in different parts of the heart muscle.

2.3 HEART RATE

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H$!%# %!#$ is the number of heartbeats per unit of time t"picall" e)pressed as beats per

minute


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aspect of homeostasis: a d"namic state of stabilit" between an animal@s internal environment and

its external environment or If the bod" is unable to maintain a normal temperature and itincreases significantl" above normal a condition nown as h"perthermia occurs. !his occurs

when the bod" is e)posed to constant temperatures of appro)imatel" 55E C an" prolonged

e)posure


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FIGURE 2.3& O7$%7$8 960! 00: +,!/.

CHAPTER-3

+



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SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

3.1. INTRODUCTION

!he flat form for this project is based on E,9$;;$; S


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Intelligent programmable and computing electronic device designed to perform specific

tass based on a fi)ed time frame. An embedded s"stem is a combination of hardware andsoftware perhaps with some mechanical and other components designed to perform a specific

tas. !he

FIGURE 3.1. E,9$;;$; S


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F+0#! R$>+%$,$#

• *irect digital control

• *ata collection

• &an?machine interaction

T$,"%! R$>+%$,$#

• !ass ma" have dead lines

• &inimal error detection latenc"

• !iming re,uirement

•

/uman?interface re,uirements.

D$"$;!9#+%$,$#

• Beliabilit"

• %afet"

• Availabilit"

• &aintainabilit"

• %ecurit"

B0: ;!6%!, E,9$;;$; S


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It is the silicon chip with an arra" of unconnected transistors. It includes gate arra"s and

standard cell ICs.

M$,%


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$igbee networ topolog" and with the '%& networ. (ach patient will be given this module and

with the help of this module the patient health condition is monitored and if there is an" changein the condition of the health then it immediatel" sends that changed data through $igbee to the

local s"stem where the main module is connected to the computer to maintain the status of the

patient. !he same information is transfer as message to '%& to the corresponding or the relevant

person.

In this we chec the patient+s health condition b" monitoring the heart beat. !he heart

beat is monitored with the pulse rate of the bod". . !he high intensit" light sensor senses the

e)pansion and contraction of the heart with the help of the nerves. !hat beam will transmit the

signal to the receiver and the minute change in the pulse is noticed as the heart beat. If there is

an" change in the pulses then it is noticed as the change in the heart and then the controller will

get a disturbed pulse count which indicates the fault or malfunction of the heart. !he controller is

fi)ed for a no. of pulses initiall".

If there is an" change in the an" of the pulse count then it considers as a malfunction of

the heart and then it transmits the pulse count with the patients I* to the doctor in the hospital

and at the same to it sends a sms to a fi)ed number in the microcontroller. !his is convenient

process to monitor the patients health conditions form an" of the distance we present. %ince we

are using both the networs lie $igbee and '%& this maes the user to communicate for

internal s"stem and as well to the longer distances.

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FIGURE 4.1& B0: ;!6%!, #$ "%?$0#

4.2. POWER SUPPPLY

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;ower suppl" is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or s"stem that

supplies electrical or other t"pes of energ" to an output load or group of loads is called a power suppl" unit or ;%. !he term is most commonl" applied to electrical energ" supplies less often

to mechanical ones and rarel" to others.

FIGURE 4.2. C%0+# ;!6%!, "8$% /+""<

A -90v 50/z %ingle phase AC power suppl" is given to a step down transformer to get

1-v suppl". !his voltage is converted to *C voltage using a 2ridge Bectifier. !he converted

pulsating *C voltage is filtered b" a --00uf capacitor and then given to 805 voltage regulator to

obtain constant 5v suppl". !his 5v suppl" is given to all the components in the circuit. A BC time

constant circuit is added to discharge all the capacitors ,uicl". !o ensure the power suppl" a

3(* is connected for indication purpose.

V#!6$ R$6+!#%&

FIGURE 4.3. V#!6$ R$6+!#%

4.3. SENSORS

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TEMPERATURE SENSOR&

%everal temperature sensing techni,ues are currentl" in widespread usage. !he most

common of these are B!*s thermocouples thermistors and sensor ICs. !he right one for "our

application depends on the re,uired temperature range linearit" accurac" cost features and

ease of designing the necessar" support circuitr". In this section we discuss the characteristics of

the most common temperature sensing techni,ues. 2ut the cost of real time temperature sensor is

not affordable. /ence in this project we used a potentiometer to displa" bod" temperature. 2"

using this we are showing a protot"pe how it can wors when we use an 3&95 sensor.

HEART BEAT SENSOR&

/eart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is

placed on it. Jhen the heart beat detector is woring the beat 3(* flashes in unison with each

heart beat. !his digital output can be connected to microcontroller directl" to measure the 2eats

;er &inute


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APPLICATIONS

• *igital /eart Bate monitor

• ;atient &onitoring %"stem

• 2io?#eedbac control of robotics and applications.

4.4. MICROCONTROLLER

&icrocontrollers as the name suggests are small controllers. !he" are lie single chip

computers that are often embedded into other s"stems to function as processingcontrolling unit.

#or e)ample the remote control "ou are using probabl" has microcontrollers inside that do

decoding and other controlling functions. !he" are also used in automobiles washing machines

microwave ovens to"s ... etc where automation is needed.

&icro?controllers are useful to the e)tent that the" communicate with other devices such as

sensors motors switches e"pads displa"s memor" and even other micro?controllers. &an"

interface methods have been developed over the "ears to solve the comple) problem of balancing

circuit design criteria such as features cost size weight power consumption reliabilit"

availabilit" manufacturabilit". &an" microcontroller designs t"picall" mi) multiple interfacing

methods. In a ver" simplistic form a micro?controller s"stem can be viewed as a s"stem that

reads from


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&icrocontroller ? A single chip used to control other devices

&icrocontroller differs from a microprocessor in man" wa"s. #irst and the most

important is its functionalit". In order for a microprocessor to be used other components such

as memor" or components for receiving and sending data must be added to it. In short that

means that microprocessor is the ver" heart of the computer. 7n the other hand

microcontroller is designed to be all of that in one.

FEATURES&

84 2"tes of In?%"stem Beprogrammable #lash &emor"

(ndurance: 1000 Jrite(rase C"cles

#ull" %tatic 7peration: 0 /z to - &/z

-5 ) 8?bit Internal BA&

9- ;rogrammable I7 3ines

!hree 1?bit !imerCounters

(ight Interrupt %ources

;rogrammable %erial Channel

3ow?power Idle and ;ower?down &odes.

4.5. GSM MODEM

GSM


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!he '%& standard has been an advantage to both consumers who ma" benefit from the

abilit" to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones and also to networ operators whocan choose e,uipment from man" '%& e,uipment vendors. '%& also pioneered low?cost

implementation of the short message service


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;enn (nerg" have declared the intent to re,uire them to interoperate again via the open /A

standards.

4.(. LI=UID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A li,uid cr"stal displa"


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1 E!9$ E !his line allows access to the displa" through BJ and B% lines. Jhen this

line is low the 3C* is disabled and ignores signals from BJ and B%. Jhen are e)tra in both for bac?light 3(* connections=.

FIGURE 4.4 P ;!6%!, 21' LCD ;/"!<

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T!9$ .P ;$/0%"# #$ LCD

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CHAPTER-5

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

!he circuit diagram of the project consists of transmitter and receiver circuits. !he

transmitter circuit transmits the signals to the mobile phone and to the $igbee receiver module.

!he below circuits represents the interfacing of &icrocontroller to '%& $igbee 3C* and /eart

2eat %ensor interfacing of &icrocontroller to $igbee receiver module respectivel".

FIGURE 5.1. T%!/,##$% C%0+# #$ "%?$0#

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FIGURE 5.2. R$0$7$% 0%0+# #$ "%?$0#

5.1. HEART BEAT SENSOR

/eart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on

it. Jhen the heart beat detector is woring the beat 3(* flashes in unison with each heart beat.

!his digital output can be connected to microcontroller directl" to measure the 2eats ;er &inute


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FEATURES&

• &icrocontroller based %&* design

• /eat beat indication b" 3(*

• Instant output digital signal for directl" connecting to microcontroller

• Compact %ize

• Joring 6oltage K56 *C

APPLICATIONS&

• *igital /eart Bate monitor

• ;atient &onitoring %"stem

• 2io?#eedbac control of robotics and applications

FIGURE 5.3 H$!%# 9$!# /$/%

%(



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&edical heart sensors are capable of monitoring vascular tissue through the tip of the

finger or the ear lobe. It is often used for health purposes especiall" when monitoring the bod"after ph"sical training.

/eart beat is sensed b" using a high intensit" t"pe 3(* and 3*B. !he finger is placed

between the 3(* and 3*B. As %ensor a photo diode or a photo transistor can be used. !he sin

ma" be illuminated with visible


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FIGURE 5.4. H$!%# 9$!# M#% C%0+#

!his circuit made from an infrared phototransistor and infrared 3(*. !his transducer wors

with the principle of light reflectionin this case the light is infrared. !he sin is used as a

reflective surface for infrared light. !he densit" of blood in the sin will affect on the IB

reflectivit". !he pumping action of heart causes the blood densit" rises and falls. %o that we can

calculate the heart rate based on the rise and fall of intensit" of infrared that reflected b" sin.

5.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR&

!he 3&95 series are precision integrated?circuit temperature sensors whose output

voltage is linearl" proportional to the Celsius


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As it draws onl" 0 OA from its suppl" it has ver" low self?heating less than 0.1EC in

still air. !he 3&95 is rated to operate over a N55E to K150EC temperature range while the3&95C is rated for a N0E to K110EC range


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FIGURE 5.5. P D!6%!, LM35

APPLICATIONS

!he 3&95 can be applied easil" in the same wa" as other integrated?circuit temperature

sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within about 0.01PC

of the surface temperature.

!his presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface

temperature if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature the

actual temperature of the 3&95 die would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface

temperature and the air temperature. !his is especiall" true for the !7?F- plastic pacage where

the copper leads are the principal thermal path to carr" heat into the device so its temperature

might be closer to the air temperature than to the surface temperature.

!o minimize this problem be sure that the wiring to the 3&95 as it leaves the device is

held at the same temperature as the surface of interest. !he easiest wa" to do this is to cover up

these wires with a bead of epo)" which will insure that the leads and wires are all at the same

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FIGURE 5.' ECG ;!#! !0>+/# !; "%0$//6

FIGURE 5.( THREE LEAD CONFIGURATION

!he output of an (C' recorder is a graph


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resting heart rate is between 0 and 100 bpm

; wave *uring normal atrial depolarization the main electrical vector isdirected from the %A node towards the A6 node and spreads from

the right atrium to the left atrium. !his turns into the ; wave on the

(C'.

80ms

;B interval !he ;B interval is measured from the beginning of the ; wave to the

beginning of the QB% comple). !he ;B interval reflects the time the

electrical impulse taes to travel from the sinus node through the A6

node and entering the ventricles. !he ;B interval is therefore a good

estimate of A6 node function.

1-0 to -00ms

QB% comple) !he QB% comple) reflects the rapid depolarization of the right and

left ventricles. !he" have a large muscle mass compared to the atria

and so the QB% comple) usuall" has a much larger amplitude than

the ;?wave.

80 to 1-0ms

%! segment !he %! segment connects the QB% comple) and the ! wave. !he %!

segment represents the period when the ventricles are depolarized. It

is isoelectric.

80 to 1-0ms

! wave !he ! wave represents the repolarization


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FIGURE 5. A %,! !;+# 12-$!; ECG

5.4. MICROCONTROLLER )C51RD2

DESCRIPTION&

!he A!8FC51 is a low?power high?performance C&7% 8?bit microcomputer with

84b"tes of #lash programmable and erasable read onl" memor"


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• ;roduct specification.

•;artitioning of the design into its software and hardware components.

• Iteration and refinement of partitioning.

• Independent hardware and software design tass

• Integration of hardware and software components.

• ;roduct testing and release.

FIGURE 5.1& P D!6%!, AT)C51

PIN DESCRIPTION&

VCC - %uppl" voltage.

&(



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GND - G%+;.

P%# &

;ort 0 is an 8?bit open drain bi?directional I7 port. As an output port each pin can sin

eight !!3 inputs. Jhen 1s are written to port 0 pins the pins can be used as high. Impedance

inputs. ;ort 0 can also be configured to be the multiple)ed low?order addressdata bus during

accesses to e)ternal program and data memor". In this mode ;0 has internal pull?ups. ;ort 0 also

receives the code b"tes during #lash programming and outputs the code b"tes during program

verification. ()ternal pull?ups are re,uired during program verification.

P%# 1&

;ort 1 is an 8?bit bi?directional I7 port with internal pull?ups. !he ;ort 1 output buffers

can sinsource four !!3 inputs. Jhen 1s are written to ;ort 1 pins the" are pulled high b" the

internal pull?ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs ;ort 1 pins that are e)ternall" being pulled

low will source current

pulled low will source current


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internal pull?ups when emitting 1s. *uring accesses to e)ternal data memor" that uses 8?bit

addresses


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ALE@PROG&

Address 3atch (nable is an output pulse for latching the low b"te of the address during

accesses to e)ternal memor". !his pin is also the program pulse input


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TAL2&

It is an output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

BLOC DIAGRAM OF )C51

FIGURE 5.11& B0: D!6%!, AT)C51

ARCHITECTURE OF )C51

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FIGURE 5.12& A%0#$0#+%$ AT)C51

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OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS&

S!A31 and S!A3- are the input and output respectivel" of an inverting amplifier

which can be configured for use as an on?chip oscillator. (ither a ,uartz cr"stal or ceramic

resonator ma" be used. !o drive the device from an e)ternal cloc source S!A3- should be left

unconnected while S!A31 is driven. !here are no re,uirements on the dut" c"cle of the e)ternal

cloc signal since the input to the internal clocing circuitr" is through a divide?b"?two flip?flop

but minimum and ma)imum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.

FIGURE 5.& FIGURE 5.13 O/0!#% C$0#/

N#$& C1 C- U 90 p# G 10 p# for Cr"stals

U 0 p# G 10 p# for Ceramic Besonators

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T!9$ 4.1& P%# 3 " !#$%!#$ +0#

5.5 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER ADC

G$$%! D$/0%"#

!he A*C0808 A*C080F data ac,uisition component is a monolithic C&7% device with

an 8?bit analog?to?digital converter8?channel multiple)er and microprocessor compatible control

logic. !he 8?bit A* converter uses successive appro)imation as the conversion techni,ue. !he

converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator a -5B voltage divider with

analog switch tree and a successive appro)imation register. !he 8?channel multiple)er can

directl" access an" of 8?single?ended analog signals.

F$!#+%$/

• (as" interface to all microprocessors

• 7perates ratiometricall" or with 5 6*C or analog span

• adjusted voltage reference

• o zero or full?scale adjust re,uired

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• 8?channel multiple)er with address logic

•06 to 56 input range with single 56 power suppl"

• 7utputs meet !!3 voltage level specifications

• A*C0808 e,uivalent to &&CFF

A*C080F e,uivalent to &&CFF?1

$< S"$00!#/

• n Besolution 8 2its

• n !otal nadjusted (rror G1M- 3%2 and G1 3%2

• n %ingle %uppl" 5 6*C

• n 3ow ;ower 15 mJ

n Conversion !ime 100 Os

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FIGURE 5.14.PIN DIAGRAM OF ADC ))

5.'. UART

Communicating without using a AB! saves hardware but it can be demanding of

processor time. Avoiding serial interface hardware maes sense onl" for low?cost applications

that are not maing heav" demands on the processor otherwise the processor will be tied up in

fairl" rapid time?critical activities. se this approach onl" when "ou must minimize hardware

cost and still have a serial interface.If "ou are communicating onl" between nearb" devices

consider generating a separatel" cloced serial protocol lie %;I or I-C. 2oth protocols are

compatible with standard 56 ports. %ince microcontroller port pins put out onl" logic levels for

B%?-9- "ou would need a driver chip although "ou could use the protocol with !!3 levels

between two agreeing devices.

5.(. GSM MODEM

FIGURE 5.15. GSM 0$ /#$ !#$!/ #$ D$#!0$/ M+/$+,* M+0* G$%,!<

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FIGURE5.1'. GSM ,;$, 8# !00$//%$/

TECHNICAL DETAILS

'%& is a cellular networ which means that mobile phones connect to it b" searching for cells in

the immediate vicinit". !here are five different cell sizes in a '%& networV macro micro ;ico

femto and umbrella cells. !he coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation

environment. &acro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on amast or a building above average roof top level. &icro cells are cells whose antenna height is under

average roof top level the" are t"picall" used in urban areas. ;ico cells are small cells whose

coverage diameter is a few dozen meters the" are mainl" used indoors. #emto cells are cells

designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the service provider+s

networ via a broadband internet connection. mbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of

smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.

GSM CARRIER FRE=UENCIES

'%& networs operate in a number of different carrier fre,uenc" ranges


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850 &/z and 1F00 &/z bands were used instead


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• the etwor and %witching %ubs"stem


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and the Ji?#i Alliance. !he $igbee 1.0 specification was ratified on 1 *ecember -00 and is

available to members of the $igbee Alliance. &ost recentl" the $igbee -00 specification was

posted on 90 7ctober -00. !he first $igbee Application ;rofile /ome Automation was announced

- ovember -00. As amended b" I%! the %mart (nerg" ;rofile -.0 specification will remove the

dependenc" on I((( 80-.15.. *evice manufacturers will be able to implement an" &AC;/W

such as I((( 80-.15.


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becoming a member of $igbee Alliance.> !his causes problems for open?source developers because

the annual fee conflicts with the ' 'eneral ;ublic 3icense

USES

$igbee protocols are intended for use in embedded applications re,uiring low data rates and low

power consumption. $igbee@s current focus is to define a general?purpose ine)pensive self?

organizing mesh networ that can be used for industrial control embedded sensing medical data

collection smoe and intruder warning building automation home automation etc. !he resulting

networ will use ver" small amounts of power V individual devices must have a batter" life of at

least two "ears to pass $igbee certification.

T


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while others onl" transmit when an e)ternal stimulus is detected. !he t"pical e)ample of a

heterogeneous networ is a wireless light switch: !he $igbee node at the lamp ma" receive

constantl" since it is connected to the mains suppl" while a batter"?powered light switch would

remain asleep until the switch is thrown. !he switch then waes up sends a command to the lamp

receives an acnowledgment and returns to sleep. In such a networ the lamp node will be at least a

$igbee Bouter if not the $igbee Coordinator the switch node is t"picall" a $igbee (nd *evice.

In beacon?enabled networs the special networ nodes called $igbee Bouters transmit periodic

beacons to confirm their presence to other networ nodes. odes ma" sleep between beacons thus

lowering their dut" c"cle and e)tending their batter" life. 2eacon intervals ma" range from 15.9

milliseconds to 15.9 ms Z -1 U -51.58- seconds at -50 bits from - milliseconds to - ms Z

-1 U 9F9.-1 seconds at 0 bits and from 8 milliseconds to 8 ms Z -1 U 8.9- seconds at -0

bits. /owever low dut" c"cle operation with long beacon intervals re,uires precise timing which

can conflict with the need for low product cost.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

!he software is designed to be eas" to develop on small ine)pensive microprocessors. !he

radio design used b" $igbee has been carefull" optimized for low cost in large scale production. It

has few analog stages and uses digital circuits wherever possible.

(ven though the radios themselves are ine)pensive the $igbee Qualification ;rocess involves

a full validation of the re,uirements of the ph"sical la"er. !his amount of concern about the ;h"sical

3a"er has multiple benefits since all radios derived from that semiconductor mas set would enjo"

the same B# characteristics. 7n the other hand an uncertified ph"sical la"er that malfunctions could

cripple the batter" lifespan of other devices on a $igbee networ. Jhere other protocols can mas

poor sensitivit" or other esoteric problems in a fade compensation response $igbee radios have ver"

'$


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_light_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_light_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kbit/shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kbit/shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_light_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kbit/shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_circuit


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tight engineering constraints: the" are both power and bandwidth constrained. !hus radios are tested

to the I%7 10-5 standard with guidance given b" Clause of the 80-.15.?-00 %tandard. &ost

vendors plan to integrate the radio and microcontroller onto a single chip getting smaller devices.

ZIGBEE MODULE INTERFACING WITH ))C51 MICROCONTROLLER

'%


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_17025http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_17025http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.15.4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_17025http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.15.4


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FIGURE 5.1). I#$%!06 M0%0#%$% 8# Z69$$

CHAPTER-'

'&



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SOFTWARE EPLANATION

'.1 INTRODUCTION&

&an" companies provide the 8051 assembler some of them provide shareware version of

their product on the Jeb 4iel is one of them. Je can download them from their Jebsites. /owever

the size of code for these shareware versions is limited and we have to consider which assembler is

suitable for our application.

'.2 EIL U VISION3&

!his is an I*(


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!o create a new project in u6ision- "ou must:

%elect ;roject ? ew ;roject.

%elect a director" and enter the name of the project file.

%elect ;roject ? %elect *evice and select an 8051 -51 or C1)%!10 device from the

*evice *atabase

Create source files to add to the project.

%elect ;roject ? !argets 'roups and #iles. Add#iles select %ource 'roup1 and add the

source file to the project.

%elect ;roject ? 7ptions and set the tool options. ote when "ou select the target device from

the *evice *atabase all?special options are set automaticall". Wou onl" need to configure

memor" map of "our target hardware. *efault memor" model settings are optimal for most.

%elect ;roject ? Bebuild all target files or 2uild target.

DEBUGGING AN APPLICATION IN U VISION3&

!o debug an application created using u6ision9 "ou must:

%elect *ebug ? %tart%top *ebug %ession.

se the %tep toolbar buttons to single?step through "our program. Wou ma" enter ' main in

the 7utput Jindow to e)ecute to the main C function.

7pen the %erial Jindow using the %erial [1 button on the toolbar.

*ebug "our program using standard options lie %tep 'o 2rea and so on.

LIMITATIONS OF EVALUATION SOFTWARE&

!here are several ver" important limitations in the evaluation version of 4eil+s *eveloper@s

4it that users need be aware of when writing software for the 8051.

OBJECT CODE MUST BE LESS THAN 2 BYTES&

!he compiler will compile an"?sized source code file but the final object code ma" not

e)ceed - 4b"tes. If it does the liner will refuse to create a final binar" e)ecutable


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were compiled using a different software pacage.

#ew student projects will cross this -4b"te threshold but programmers should be aware of it to

understand wh" code ma" no longer compile when the project grows too large.

PROGRAM CODE STARTS AT ADDRESS 4&

All C code compiled and lined using the 4eil tools will begin at address 0)000 in code

memor". %uch code ma" not be programmed into devices with less than 14b"tes of Bead?7nl"

&emor". Code written in assembl" ma" circumvent this limitation b" using the >origin> e"word to

set the start to address 0)0000. o such wor?around e)ists for C programs though. /owever the

integrated debugger in the evaluation software ma" still be used for testing code. 7nce tested the

code ma" be compiled b" the full version of the 4eil software or b" another compiler that supports

the C e)tensions used b" 4eil.

!he following limitations appl" to the evaluation versions of the C51 C-51 or C1 tool chains.

C51 (valuation %oftware 3imitations:

!he compiler assembler liner and debugger are limited to - 4b"tes of object code but

source Code ma" be an" size. ;rograms that generate more than - 4b"tes of object code

will not compile assemble or lin the startup code generated includes 3R&;@s and cannot

be used in single?chip devices supporting 3ess than - 4b"tes of program space lie the

;hilips 50515-. !he debugger supports files that are - 4b"tes and smaller.

;rograms begin at offset 0)0800 and cannot be programmed into single?chip devices.

o hardware support is available for multiple *;!B registers.

o support is available for user libraries or floating?point arithmetic.

PERIPHERAL SIMULATION&

!he u vision9 debugger provides complete simulation for the C; and on chip peripherals of

most embedded devices. !o discover which peripherals of a device are supported in u vision9.

'(



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%elect the %imulated ;eripherals item from the /elp menu. Wou ma" also use the web?based device

database. Je are constantl" adding new devices and simulation support for on?chip peripherals so besure to chec *evice *atabase often.

'.3 CODES USED IN THIS PROJECT

C;$ % ,0%0#%$%

[include\B('51.h]

[include\3C*.h]

[include\AB!.h]

[include\A*C.h]

[include\'%&.h]

[include\string.h]

[define (7& 0S1A

e)tern char %^6A3XY

sbit 4(W1U ;9_-

sbit 4(W-U ;9_9

sbit B(31U ;9_

void main


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*I%^3C*;A!I(! &7!7B'>=

B(31U1

*(3AW



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C76(B!^*A!


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if


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%(*^%!BI'^AB!


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C&*1U


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dta1U


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[include\A*C.h]

[include\B('51.h]

[include\3C*.h]

sbit aU;-_0 channel select bits

sbit bU;-_1

sbit cU;-_-

sbit %CU;-_9 start of conversion

sbit (7CU;-_ end of conversion

sbit 7(U;9_5

sfr adcdataU0)80

sbit C37C4U;-_5for adc

unsigned char %^6A3XY

unsigned int A*C


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%CU0

aUA*

bU0

cU0

*(3AW


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while


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[include\B('51.h]

[define CB 0S0*

[define 3# 0S0*

unsigned char code C&*^XYU>A!KC&'%U>F9F11>>

unsigned char code C&*^XYU>A!K6'!U5>

unsigned char code C&*^8XYU>A!*KF1F9F11>

unsigned char A%*

void II!^'%&^%&%A!>

unsigned char code C&*^-XYU>A!(0>

unsigned char code C&*^9XYU>A!HJ>

unsigned char code C&*^XYU>A!KC&'#U1>

unsigned char code C&*^5XYU>A!KC&IU--000>

%(*^C&*


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%(*^C&*


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while

!IU0

unsigned char B(CI(6^&%'


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!his software can be used for the displa" and anal"sis of sound waves. !he data can be

recorded both directl" from the sound card


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In this project we used this software to represent (C' wave forms which are ac,uired from ecg

filter circuit..this will be displa"ed in *octors computer. when (C' is ac,uired it sends to doctors

mobile using '%& networ. !he doctor mobile handset is connected to ;C.there the doctor can

anal"ses the (C' waveforms

CHAPTER-(

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

ADVANTAGES&

$igbee technolog" enables doctor to monitor the patients conditions even sitting in his

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room .

*octor will get call when patients bod" temperature and heart beat rises so that he can tae

precautionar" .measures even though he will be in remote place.

;atient care taers can monitor the e,uipment easil".

LIMITATIONS&

• 2itter ()pensive.

• Accumulation of noise with (C' signal.

• Communication for longer distance is ,uite difficult through $igbee technolog"

• Interference of noise in '%& modem due to high Badio fre,uenc" signals.

• Accurac" will be less.

CHAPTER-)

)%



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FUTURE SCOPE

&onitoring the patient+s condition can be done b" using biomedical telemetr" method where

there is a mobile communication between microcontrollers. !he temperature heart beat and blood

pressure are all sensed b" using the appropriate sensors which are placed near the patient+s bod" that

is under investigation. !he biomedical telemetr" s"stem consists of temperature sensor heart beat

sensor pressure sensor A* converter signal conditioning circuit microcontroller data cable

mobile phone 3C* displa". !he temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature value of the

patient+s bod".

!he sensed output is given to A* converter where the analog signal is converted to digital

signal. !he digital output is given to microcontroller. !he microcontroller delivers the signal for

mobile phone through data cable. !hen the signal is transmitted to other mobile through '%&

networ. !he receiver mobile receives the signal and it is given for a ;C. !he signal from data cable

is given to ;C and the value gets displa"ed using monitor. !he pressure sensor is used to sense the

pressure value of the patient+s bod" .!he sensed output is given to A* converter where the analog

signal is converted to digital signal. !he digital output is given to microcontroller.

!he microcontroller delivers the signal for mobile phone through data cable. !hen the signal is

transmitted to other mobile through '%& networ. !he receiver mobile receives the signal and it is

given for a ;C. !he signal from data cable is given to ;C and the value gets displa"ed using monitor.

/eart beat can be sensed b" using heart beat sensor which is then given to a signal conditioning

circuit. !his unit delivers a train of pulses to microcontroller and the value gets displa"ed using 3C*

displa".

CHAPTER-

)&



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CONCLUSION

Je presented the design and implementation of a Bemote ;atient &onitoring s"stem based on

wireless technolog" using a cellular phone to send an %&%


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X1Y A. 'oldsmith Jireless Communications Cambridge ;ress -005.

X-Y %. /a"in Communication %"stems Jile" ew Wor -00-.

X9Y Ashish 4umar Agarwal Innovation In Jireless Communication #or Industrial Automation.

XY 'unnar /eine '%& etwors: ;rotocols !erminolog" H Implementation.

X5Y Introducing $igbee B#C(>. *aintree etwors

XY Introduction to %ensors

( Jaldemar awroci And !adeusz awalaniec %ensors And Communications In

(nvironment &onitoring %"stems.

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2. 888.0,"$#%$!.0,

3. 888.!#,$.0,

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http://www.daintree.net/downloads/whitepapers/zigbee-rf4ce-intro.pdfhttp://www.daintree.net/downloads/whitepapers/zigbee-rf4ce-intro.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daintree_Networkshttp://www.allthedatasheets.com/http://www.complextoreal.com/http://www.atmel.com/http://www.sensor-networks.org/http://www.commsdesign.com/http://www.zigbee.org/http://www.microcontroller.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.daintree.net/downloads/whitepapers/zigbee-rf4ce-intro.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daintree_Networkshttp://www.allthedatasheets.com/http://www.complextoreal.com/http://www.atmel.com/http://www.sensor-networks.org/http://www.commsdesign.com/http://www.zigbee.org/http://www.microcontroller.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/

Documents

Patient Monitoring System to Remote Doct