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8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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PATIENTASSESSMENT (ADULT)
PART 2: PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
PENNY GILL
LECTURER WCCN/CPUT
ECP MARCH 2008
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PATIENTASSESSMENT (ADULT)
SUMMARY OF PART 1ASSESSING A PATIENT
Assess need for an interpreter.
taking a patients history- approach to the patient
- the interview
- special circumstances
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Revision of the interview
demographic information
reason for visit
history of the presenting problem
other health information/review of systems
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Revision of the interview
previous health history
family health history
information related to lifestyle
activities of daily living
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
preceded by history taking (subjective)
nurse examines patient in order to collect(objective) data about him/her
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APPROACH TO PATIENT
ensure privacy
exposure to a minimum onlywhen absolutely necessary
explain procedure to
patient
make sure patient iscomfortable
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APPROACH TO PATIENT
continue to build on trustestablished during history
taking talk to patient, reassure
explain steps ofexamination
continue to ask questions
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THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Difference between signs and symptoms
Symptoms: the history tells the nursewhat the symptoms are.
Signs: the physical examination willreveal the signs related to the patientshealth problems.
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING THE
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Inspection
Palpation
http://www.memorialhermann.org/library/healthguide/en-us/images/media/medical/hw/hwkb17_071.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Percussion
Ascultation
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONINSPECTION IS:
looking at or observing thepatient
focused & purposeful top-to-
toe survey of patient usingthe senses of vision, hearingand smell
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONINSPECTION CONT:
begins with general survey
and ends with a specificinspection of each area orpart of body: shape,colour, texture &movement
assessment of symmetry
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING THE
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Palpation: means examine by touch
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING THEPHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
PALPATION: Aspects that can be determined are:
- swelling - present of masses
- spasm - temperature- tenderness - movement
- stiffness - enlargement
- shape - outline- texture - presence of
fluid/crepitations
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Percussion: means to strike or
tap (Used by doctors)
this technique involves lighttapping on the surface of thebody & analysing the soundsthat are produced
used to determine the amountof air &/or solid matter in thelungs & to determine the size,position & borders of the
other thoracic organs
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TECHNIQUES USED DURING
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Ascultation: means listening by
means of a stethoscope
This technique is used to listendirectly to the sounds made by themovement of air or fluid in thebody
Used to assess movement of air inthe lungs, movement of blood in theblood vessels & movement of
digestive fluids in the GIT
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MEASUREMENTS
temperature
pulse
respiration
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MEASUREMENTS
blood pressure pain
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mediccast.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2006/07/Patient%2520in%2520pain.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mediccast.com/blog/2006/10/&h=564&w=851&sz=544&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=5dhPO78e8tjmJM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=145&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPATIENT%2BIN%2BPAIN%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wong_pain_scale.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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PRINCIPLE FEATURES OF THEGENERAL PHYSICAL
ASSESSMENT patients name, age &
gender
carry out generalinspection of thepatient
take vital signs carry out systematic
physical assessment
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GENERAL EXAMINATION OF
THE PATIENT: INSPECTION general appearance of
the patient grooming/
hygiene: yes/no
posture & gait: uprightbent
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nursingassistanteducation.com/site/images/qol2_03.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nursingassistanteducation.com/site/courses/eng/nae-qol-eng.php&h=286&w=236&sz=6&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=EP_jmRW1buiJOM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPOOR%2BGROOMING%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.davidgault.co.uk/fig-ear-deformity/buckled_rim_pre.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.davidgault.co.uk/ear-deformity.php&h=280&w=200&sz=11&hl=en&start=217&um=1&tbnid=5CMDU-HoRQ5ClM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDEFORMITIES%26start%3D200%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rucosm.com/IMAGES/foot1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.rucosm.com/operations/hallux.php&h=320&w=400&sz=35&hl=en&start=47&um=1&tbnid=PkeFAzgVGLCa4M:&tbnh=99&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDEFORMITIES%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencenewsden.com/images/rheumatoid_arthritis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencenewsden.com/2006/howcanidenticaltwinsbegeneticallydifferent.shtml&h=244&w=300&sz=11&hl=en&start=28&um=1&tbnid=jE1Z_tx7HNwUFM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDEFORMITIES%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nursingassistanteducation.com/site/images/qol2_03.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nursingassistanteducation.com/site/courses/eng/nae-qol-eng.php&h=286&w=236&sz=6&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=EP_jmRW1buiJOM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPOOR%2BGROOMING%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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COMMUNICATION
need for an interpreter:yes/no
language perception:good/poor
speech: clear/ unclear
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.10kmarshmallows.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/community.jpg&imgrefurl=http://krnhaines.wordpress.com/&h=303&w=396&sz=71&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=utt-A5l84jC-lM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpeople%2Bcommunicating%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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STATUS OF SPECIAL SENSES
Hearing
Discharges/pain Ear abnormalities
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.davidgault.co.uk/fig-ear-deformity/buckled_rim_pre.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.davidgault.co.uk/ear-deformity.php&h=280&w=200&sz=11&hl=en&start=217&um=1&tbnid=5CMDU-HoRQ5ClM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDEFORMITIES%26start%3D200%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mtzionhearingaidcenter.com/images/saywhat.png&imgrefurl=http://www.mtzionhearingaidcenter.com/&h=450&w=362&sz=604&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=Pnyx6MIO5_GraM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhearing%2Baid%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://d.yimg.com/origin1.lifestyles.yahoo.com/ls/he/healthwise/nr55552038.jpg&imgrefurl=http://health.yahoo.com/hearing-resources/hearing-aid/healthwise--zm6101.html&h=300&w=460&sz=25&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=G6siRAgju4uLRM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhearing%2Baid%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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STATUS OF SPECIAL SENSES
Sight
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beauty-advices.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/makeup-for-glasses-wearers.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beauty-advices.com/what-makeup-to-wear-with-glasses/&h=300&w=300&sz=52&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=19G2VoWSgzRmIM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dglasses%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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STATUS OF SPECIAL SENSES
Sight
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://webmedia.unmc.edu/eye/cornealUlcer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.unmc.edu/dept/eye/index.cfm%3FL1_ID%3D5%26CONREF%3D25&h=180&w=275&sz=21&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=BmmuyA8y2vN8YM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deye%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nanosweb.org/patient_info/brochures/images/ThyroidEyeDisease_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nanosweb.org/patient_info/brochures/ThyroidEyeDisease.asp&h=405&w=600&sz=68&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=mkmLRJk7-TJwBM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deye%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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STATUS OF SPECIAL SENSES
Smell
Taste
touch
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/people/finger090606.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thedancingnewt.blogspot.com/2007/05/dear-newt.html&h=238&w=200&sz=5&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=hDVuj46RrdbI_M:&tbnh=109&tbnw=92&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsense%2Bof%2Btouch%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://rosacea-support.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/rosacea-red-nose-1.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/people/finger090606.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thedancingnewt.blogspot.com/2007/05/dear-newt.html&h=238&w=200&sz=5&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=hDVuj46RrdbI_M:&tbnh=109&tbnw=92&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsense%2Bof%2Btouch%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kidcyber.com.au/IMAGES/tongue.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/body_senses.htm&h=278&w=278&sz=27&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=yf-l07kp2VcNUM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtongue%2Btasting%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ehd.org/images/prenatal_article/sniff6-7wkspage.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit16.php&h=221&w=168&sz=17&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=SyupiAbtzi8rYM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnose%2Bsmelling%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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EMOTIONAL STATUS
cheerful/withdrawn
calm/fearful
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EMOTIONAL STATUS
mental state of patient anxiety
agitation confusion withdrawal & aggression
signs of abuse
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NEUROLOGICAL STATUS
Eyes (perrla)
Pupils equal, round,reacting to light andaccomodation
left & right
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Glasgow Coma Scale
The Glasgow Coma Scale or GCS, is aneurologicalscale
aims to give a reliable,
objective way of recording the consciousstate of a person,
for initial as well as continuing assessment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_%28ratio%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_%28ratio%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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NEUROLOGICAL STATUS
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS (LOC)
A frequent tool in evaluating LOC is theGlasgow coma scale (GCS) . This scores apatients response to voice and deeppressure using eye opening and verbal and
motor responses .
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Glasgow Coma Scale
A patient is assessed against thecriteria of the scale,
and the resulting points give a patientscore between 3 (indicating deepunconsciousness)
and either 14 (original scale) or 15 (themore widely used modified or revisedscale).
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GLASGOW COMA SCALE
Glasgow coma scale = /15
Obeys commands (6)
Localizes pain (5)Withdraws to pain (4)
Flexion (abnormal) to pain (3)
Extension to pain (2)
none(1)
Orientated (5)Confused (4)
Inappropriate words (3)
Incomprehensible sounds (2)
None (1)
Spontaneously (4)To speech (3)
To pain (2)
None (1)
Best motor response*Best verbal responseEyes open
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NUTRITIONAL & ORAL
STATUS build & general nutritional state
state/well nourished
http://bp1.blogger.com/_iOvDqB8bJAo/RnMEgkTGogI/AAAAAAAAB3w/LCoazmAFgYA/s400/1.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://img.thesun.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00335/F_200705_May28ed_im_335189a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/woman/health/fit_squad/article230984.ece&h=360&w=265&sz=10&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=IBzDKg95leF4rM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbikini%2Bbody%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://bp1.blogger.com/_iOvDqB8bJAo/RnMEgkTGogI/AAAAAAAAB3w/LCoazmAFgYA/s400/1.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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NUTRITIONAL & ORAL STATUS
mass: normal for age,overweight/underweight
appetite: good/poor food restriction: no/yes
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freeearth.com.au/images/photos/obesity_picture_small.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freeearth.com.au/content/210/obesity-and-syndrome-x--.html&h=480&w=432&sz=104&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=RAjmAtuLphnemM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DOBESITY%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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NUTRITIONAL & ORAL STATUS
fluid intake normal/restricted
ability to chew/swallow
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Microbiology/Strep_Detection/oropharynx_P2253089_lbd.JPG&imgrefurl=http://flutterby01.blogspot.com/2007/05/lets-take-quick-peek-at-my.html&h=600&w=800&sz=107&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=A2lAuQ9P-CS1uM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3DTHROAT%2BNORMAL%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://www.dochazenfield.com/images/Normal%20Tonsils%20Labeled.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.veyonline.com/images/images%2520ag/06.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.veyonline.com/waterfacts.htm&h=423&w=640&sz=34&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=Rcm6uaPaSgYXrM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfluid%2Bbalance%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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NUTRITIONAL & ORAL
STATUS
ability to chew/swallow
LYMPH GLANDS
1. SUBMENTAL 2. SUBMANDIBULAR 3. PAROTID 4. PREAURICULAR 5. POSTAURICULAR 6. OCCIPITAL 7. ANTERIOR CERVICAL
8. SUPRACLAVICULAR 9. POSTERIOR CERVICAL
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.healthofchildren.com/images/gech_0001_0003_0_img0171.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Lymphadenitis.html&h=240&w=240&sz=40&hl=en&start=82&um=1&tbnid=FMe1CmNqr0ds4M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthroat%2Bneck%2Bdiseases%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://www.qub.ac.uk/cskills/Images/webnecknodes.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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NUTRITIONAL & ORAL STATUS
condition of oral cavity
mucosa
mouth/lips
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.healthofchildren.com/images/gech_0001_0001_0_img0048.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.healthofchildren.com/C/Canker-Sores.html&h=157&w=238&sz=29&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=G1LSR8Plv0e0tM:&tbnh=72&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsore%2Blips%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://depts.washington.edu/hivaids/images/oral/tnoral_c1_d02.jpg&imgrefurl=http://depts.washington.edu/hivaids/oral/case1/discussion.html&h=89&w=125&sz=7&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=Bgmdg41FPjAp_M:&tbnh=64&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthrush%2Bin%2Bbuccal%2Bmucosa%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://img.tfd.com/mosby/thumbs/500051-fx4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/candidiasis&h=204&w=250&sz=11&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=pVJfqP9QQhFGuM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthrush%2Bin%2Bbuccal%2Bmucosa%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/60/19/22561960.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jupiterimages.com/itemDetail.aspx%3FitemID%3D22561960&h=166&w=250&sz=4&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=uPCKMjSNCH8PIM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmouth%2Blips%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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NUTRITIONAL & ORAL STATUS
record dentures/crowns/bridges
teeth
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MOTOR ABILITY STATUS
current mobility: ambulant/nonambulant easy/difficult
movements: coordinated/uncoordinated
prosthesis no/yes
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wcbl.com/images2/C-LegProsthesis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wcbl.com/services/prosthetics-lowerextremity.asp&h=1644&w=1059&sz=453&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=Ke_abZuqxHetXM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprosthesis%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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STATUS OF PHYSICAL REST &
COMFORT sleep & rest pattern: good/poor
substances: unnecessary/required
painabsent/present
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.zimfamilycockers.com/LilLadyInBed.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.zimfamilycockers.com/FAQ.html&h=300&w=306&sz=17&hl=en&start=55&tbnid=c1-65YZytmn4oM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dperson%2Bsleeping%2Bin%2Bbed%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://i2.photobucket.com/albums/y20/FatBeGoneStacy/Basha%2520Journal/sleeping3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://journals.aol.com/bashamomma/oHnOshEdidnTwooFwooF/entries/2007/06/22/do-your-dogs-sleep-in-bed-with-you/372&h=392&w=450&sz=34&hl=en&start=52&tbnid=DTG3V2tK-6wrgM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dperson%2Bsleeping%2Bin%2Bbed%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wong_pain_scale.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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ELIMINATION STATUS
bowel habits: regular/ changed incontinent: faeces no/yes
medication needed: no/yes
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.natural-herbal-remedies.net/images/constipation1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.natural-herbal-remedies.net/home-remedy-for-constipation.html&h=120&w=101&sz=5&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=b_95bz2rIRULLM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconstipation%2Bremedies%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.constipationadvice.co.uk/images/constipation_treatment_bulk.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.constipationadvice.co.uk/treating_constipation/constipation_remedies.php&h=199&w=250&sz=11&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=Od5uLd7bgZkJsM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconstipation%2Bremedies%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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ELIMINATION STATUS
stoma: no/yes
haemorrhoids
http://www.lisp.com.au/~merinda/images/stoma2.jpghttp://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/r7_hemorrhoids.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hemroids-treatment.com/prolapsed_hemorrhoids.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hemroids-treatment.com/hemroid_pictures.htm&h=400&w=600&sz=19&hl=en&start=41&tbnid=z6ojr1OHcIjOCM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhemorrhoids%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
43/63
ELIMINATION STATUS
micturition: normal/abnormal urinary output: normal/abnormal incontinent: urine no/yes urinary stoma
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ostomy-medical-supplies.com/Normal%2520Skin%2520Around%2520Ostomy%2520Stoma.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ostomy-medical-supplies.com/Glossary.html&h=221&w=299&sz=15&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=3hT1PPoP1zUHEM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Durinary%2Bstoma%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/Pictures/ileal%2520conduit%2520urinry%2520diversion.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/3900/3927.asp%3Findex%3D12546%26src%3Dnews&h=235&w=200&sz=12&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=fMdggoFKAUSdSM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Durinary%2Bstoma%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://www.ncnm.ie/isccna/images/Urostomy.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.menshealth.com.my/images/Cartoon_Page_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.menshealth.com.my/prostate_0.htm&h=229&w=150&sz=135&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=sRcxuxh5PuGnNM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3Durine%2Bstream%2Bcartoon%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
44/63
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Male
urinary streamcontinuous/broken
past STI: no/yes
current symptoms: no/yes
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.menshealth.com.my/images/Cartoon_Page_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.menshealth.com.my/prostate_0.htm&h=229&w=150&sz=135&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=sRcxuxh5PuGnNM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3Durine%2Bstream%2Bcartoon%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://bp2.blogger.com/_H-vDYxJNOxk/Rv9fsOv5KtI/AAAAAAAAAOI/Stn64IUY8vQ/s400/AIDS_ribbon4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sukhsandhu.blogspot.com/2007/09/what-is-std-or-sti.html&h=400&w=284&sz=13&hl=en&start=34&tbnid=E-Rjt3tUluac4M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSTD%2BSTI%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/std-mts/gfx/sti_e.jpghttp://islandsexualhealth.org/images/31.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.menshealth.com.my/images/Cartoon_Page_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.menshealth.com.my/prostate_0.htm&h=229&w=150&sz=135&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=sRcxuxh5PuGnNM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3Durine%2Bstream%2Bcartoon%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
45/63
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
breasts: present/absent
menstrual cycle: regularabsent/irregular
contraceptive use: no/yes/method
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://perso.orange.fr/pharma.rocheville/Images/contraception.jpg&imgrefurl=http://piginthekitchen.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html&h=372&w=353&sz=56&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=uF3-FcH-N5mxLM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcontraception%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dancewithshadows.com/society/images/contraception.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dancewithshadows.com/society/understanding-contraception.asp&h=301&w=375&sz=29&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=6LW8s_k_PfuRwM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcontraception%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
46/63
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Female
pregnant: no/yes/gestation
past STI: no/yes
current symptoms STI
STI sexually transmitted infections
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/std-mts/gfx/sti_e.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://bp2.blogger.com/_H-vDYxJNOxk/Rv9fsOv5KtI/AAAAAAAAAOI/Stn64IUY8vQ/s400/AIDS_ribbon4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sukhsandhu.blogspot.com/2007/09/what-is-std-or-sti.html&h=400&w=284&sz=13&hl=en&start=34&tbnid=E-Rjt3tUluac4M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSTD%2BSTI%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://www.ci.austin.tx.us/health/smartmoms/images/carmen-left.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
47/63
SELF EXAMINATION OF THE
BREAST
8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
48/63
BREAST EXAMINATION:CHANGES
http://www.breastselfexam.ca/section5slide3.htmlhttp://www.breastselfexam.ca/section5slide1.html8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
49/63
PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS
respiratory statuschest shape: normal/abnormal
8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
50/63
PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS
character of respiration
regular/irregular easy some difficulty
cough: absent/present
Tracheostomy: no/yes
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44018000/jpg/_44018386_oxygengrab203.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/6914253.stm&h=152&w=203&sz=14&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=HGgbpdabQbOR5M:&tbnh=79&tbnw=105&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpatient%2Bon%2Boxygen%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://www.persiflage.ca/archives/coughing.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jansenmedical.net/files/images/small/t_5270.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jansenmedical.net/Dale-240-Blue-Tracheostomy-Tube-Holder-pr-5270.html&h=229&w=250&sz=34&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=75J3FXrcz58sxM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtracheostomy%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
51/63
PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS
circulatory status
perfusion adequate/poor
pulses: all extremities: present/ absent
rhythm regular/irregular volume: strong/weak
extremities: warm/cold L R
Pacemaker no/yes
http://uk.gizmodo.com/pacemaker.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/eselect/images/cc9_11_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/eselect/cc9.htm&h=286&w=440&sz=10&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=g1RaS2wfqD0cPM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpoor%2Btissue%2Bperfusion%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
52/63
PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS
oedema: no/yes
fluid balance status
skin turgidity normal/ loss of turgidity hydration: adequate/ inadequate
http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/medicaldepartments/pediatrics/bonemarrowtransplant/images/31.gifhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.veyonline.com/images/images%2520ag/06.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.veyonline.com/waterfacts.htm&h=423&w=640&sz=34&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=Rcm6uaPaSgYXrM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfluid%2Bbalance%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.activahealthcare.co.uk/images/conditions/dependency.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.activahealthcare.co.uk/conditions.php%3Fq%3DChronic_Oedema&h=217&w=250&sz=17&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=DKFDo4mghmZBxM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleg%2Boedema%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
53/63
PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS
skin turgidity normal/ loss of turgidity
hydration: adequate/ inadequate
http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/images/a2.jpghttp://staff.vbi.vt.edu/pathport/pathinfo_images/Vibrio_cholerae/vc_dehydration.JPG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
54/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
skin integrity: intact/ brokenareas/lesions/wounds
http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/images/2_Stab_wounds.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unchealthcare.org/site/woundmanagement/images/DM990730.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.unchealthcare.org/site/woundmanagement/nonhealingwounds&h=340&w=340&sz=23&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=fVUx7fqru9QMxM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwounds%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
55/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
pressure sores: no/yes
http://www.manukahoneyusa.com/images/pressure-sore-on-buttock.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theberries.ns.ca/Archives/2006Winter/images/neuropathic_ulcer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index%3Fqid%3D20080102172939AAQuFiR%26show%3D7&h=440&w=338&sz=47&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=F87l__Zlh4OC1M:&tbnh=127&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpressure%2Bsores%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/derm/mml/22320032.jpg&imgrefurl=http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index%3Fqid%3D20080102172939AAQuFiR%26show%3D7&h=344&w=500&sz=40&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=UwEbhJjSvHFtJM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpressure%2Bsores%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
56/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
scars: no/yes
bruises:no/yes
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1407/1464680893_9fe363ef83.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://rpolk.com/BobMediaPages/GoldwingPage/GoldwingPics/Bruises.jpg&imgrefurl=http://rpolk.com/BobMediaPages/GoldwingPage/Goldwing.htm&h=600&w=800&sz=46&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=yEcqCLJ1aRk4IM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbruises%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://www.safe-nz.org.nz/Image/joanhicks1.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.medwatchtoday.com/Images/MT.Nieto-Shows-Scars.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.medwatchtoday.com/826.htm&h=432&w=287&sz=23&hl=en&start=32&tbnid=7lPOmj2lsnuuFM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dscars%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://tobacco.health.usyd.edu.au/site/supersite/resources/images/scars.jpg8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
57/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
rash:no/yes
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.davita.com/UploadedImages/SkinProblems.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.davita.com/dialysis/complications/a/522&h=200&w=200&sz=8&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=KsAAXYUVuX8X9M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskin%2Bconditions%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.davita.com/UploadedImages/SkinProblems.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.davita.com/dialysis/complications/a/522&h=200&w=200&sz=8&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=KsAAXYUVuX8X9M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskin%2Bconditions%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.childhoodhealth.com/images/varicella_large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.childhoodhealth.com/health-information/diseases-and-symptoms/chicken-pox-varicella&h=434&w=590&sz=20&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=Rd-BnXJ5xpxxpM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskin%2Brashes%2Bchickenpox%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19687.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19687.htm&h=320&w=400&sz=14&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=vMPH_z70Obd9fM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskin%2Bconditions%2B%2Bshingles%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://srs.dl.ac.uk/Annual_Reports/AnRep99_00/Meningitis_Figure_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://srs.dl.ac.uk/Annual_Reports/AnRep99_00/meningitis.htm&h=759&w=1152&sz=78&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=gb8WOnUcPFbfzM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskin%2Brashes%2Bmeningococcal%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
58/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
skin feels: warm/cold
skin colour: normal/abnormal
http://www.coalitionforpf.org/images/clubbing.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cprflorida.net/images/sfrostbite2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cprflorida.net/cprreview.html&h=268&w=300&sz=9&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=ZynTBntmnlJQGM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcold%2Bskin%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
59/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
hair texture,
parasites
http://www.weaddhair.com/images/chemotherapy-prothesis-utah.gifhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trevorsorbie.com/template_images/fe4ce1ae47725fd0f25509c5946ca6b7_1%2520-%2520Before..jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.trevorsorbie.com/templates/tmpl_wighead.php%3Ftemplateid%3D9%26pageid%3D167&h=188&w=334&sz=13&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=6dKrA3ofnL6lcM:&tbnh=67&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchemotherapy%2Bhair%2Bloss%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231http://www.co.lucas.oh.us/health/images/lice1b.jpghttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sacimdokuluyor.com/images/other/baldness.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sacimdokuluyor.com/html_page.php%3Fpage%3Dhair_removal_cause%26lang%3Den&h=355&w=323&sz=17&hl=en&start=19&um=1&tbnid=Uus8l56IlqRnUM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbaldness%2Balopecia%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://futurederm.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/110907-beautiful-hair.gif&imgrefurl=http://laura.moncur.org/&h=332&w=447&sz=80&hl=en&start=26&um=1&tbnid=DpsUhdWg31sR5M:&tbnh=94&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeautiful%2Bclean%2Bshiny%2Bhair%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pg.com/science/haircare/hair_twh_127/hair_127_03.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pg.com/science/haircare/hair_twh_114.htm&h=220&w=303&sz=8&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=bty6Co2Iu0bjGM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbaldness%2Bdandruff%2Bringworm%2Bof%2Bscalp%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DG8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
60/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
Arms/hands
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sclero.org/medical/symptoms/photos/ulcers/digital/jeanne-n/01-photo-finger-ulcer-100px.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sclero.org/medical/symptoms/photos/a-to-z.html&h=115&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=02f1JwUFYVhDHM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=76&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfinger%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/pictures22/dermnet/64_finger_clubbing_01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/dermnet/nails10.html&h=341&w=512&sz=26&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=kLBAt25JKN2XkM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfinger%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/10-2006/osteoarthritis-late-6180.jpg&imgrefurl=http://medicineworld.org/news/news-archives/rheumatology-news/June-20-2007.html&h=306&w=340&sz=13&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=QSBpXm0eQoYG5M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfinger%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vascularweb.org/graphics/northpoint_graphics_jpg/ArmArtDisease_02_Base_275.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vascularweb.org/patients/NorthPoint/Arm_Artery_Disease.html&h=345&w=275&sz=70&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=pnvroT_mcJsDpM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Darm%2Bhand%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
61/63
STATUS OF SKIN & APPENDAGES
Legs/feet
http://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ghi.com/WebMD/topics/fracture.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ghi.com/topic.aspx%3Fpage%3D276&h=328&w=280&sz=19&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=hn3CLO3VQcrpTM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfractures%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www8.georgetown.edu/dml/facs/graphics/images/Basic%2520Hip%2520Fractures.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www8.georgetown.edu/dml/facs/graphics/gallery.htm&h=405&w=450&sz=26&hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=55mmSXbyucCP4M:&tbnh=114&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfractures%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scholl.co.il/art_images/catalog/87/athletes-foot_03.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ez002.k12.sd.us/Chapter%2520Seven%2520Science.htm&h=183&w=250&sz=9&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=dFopbbH9KufHLM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dathletes%2Bfoot%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.activahealthcare.co.uk/images/conditions/dependency.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.activahealthcare.co.uk/content/conditions/oedema.html&h=217&w=250&sz=17&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=DKFDo4mghmZBxM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Doedema%2Bof%2Blegs%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.myfootshop.com/images/medical/pvd/PAD_mod.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.myfootshop.com/xq/ASP/Method.Condition/Value.Peripheral%2520Vascular%2520Disease/qx/searchresults.htm&h=321&w=422&sz=44&hl=en&start=19&um=1&tbnid=CZnNq2Z2v94cmM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleg%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2006/01/11/meningococcal_narrowweb__300x452,0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.smh.com.au/news/health/early-signs-hold-key-to-fatal-disease/2006/01/11/1136956243002.html&h=452&w=300&sz=15&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=eMA4aZZjZImzQM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleg%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.za/imgres?imgurl=http://www.myfootshop.com/images/medical/pvd/gangrene5_mod.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.myfootshop.com/xq/ASP/Method.Condition/Value.Peripheral%2520Vascular%2520Disease/qx/searchresults.htm&h=267&w=333&sz=21&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=jhu71sA1qxtf4M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleg%2Bdiseases%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enZA223ZA231%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 Patient Assessment Part 2 8 Maypm
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GENERAL EXAMINATION
2nd YEAR NURSE cardiovascular
system
respiratory system
lower limbs
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Uys.L.R.Ed.1999.Fundamental Nursing. Pinelands:
Maskew Miller Longman
Young,A.Ed.2003.Jutas Manual of Nursing.
Lansdowne:Juta & Co.
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