Paticca-Samuppada

Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammasambuddhassa (3 times)

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1st Week After Enlightenment - Under the Bodhi TreeDuring the first week after enlightenment, the Buddha sat under the bodhi tree experiencing the happiness of freedom and peace.

At the end of the week, during the first watch, the Buddha arose from the state of Concentration and thoroughly reflected on the “Dependent Origination” (Paticca Samuppada) in direct order. 

During the middle watch of the night, He thoroughly reflected on the “Dependent Origination” (Paticca Samuppada) in reverse order. 

During the last watch of the night, He fully contemplated on the Cause and Effect of conditional phenomena both in their direct and reverse order. 

Paicca-samuppdaThe Paticca-Samuppada explains the conditional and dependent nature of the uninterrupted flux of the manifold mental and physical phenomena of existence.

Paticca = ‘dependent upon’ Samuppada = ‘arising’ or ‘origination’

The method of the Paticca-Samuppada should be understood as follows:

Dependent on ‘A’ arises ‘B’. Dependent on ‘B’ arises ‘C’. When there is no ‘A’, there is no ‘B’. When there is no ‘B’, there is no ‘C’.

Kammic formations

Consciousness

Mind & Matter

Six Sense Bases

Contact

FeelingsCravings

Becoming

Clinging

Birth

Decay, death, sorrow, lamentation

pain, grief and despair

Ignorance

The Cycle of Dependent

Origination – twelve links

Ignorance (avijj)

“Ignorance is the deep delusion wherein we are here so long circling around” said the Buddha.

If I make more money, I will be the

happiest person in the

world!!

Characteristic

Function

Manifestation

Mental blindness or unknowing (knowing wrongly)

To confuse

Conceal the true nature of objects

Ignorance (avijjIgnorance (avijj) ) – Mental Blindness – Mental Blindness oror Unknowing: Unknowing:1. The Truth of Suffering

2. The Origin of Suffering

3. The Cessation of Suffering

4. The Path Leading to the Cessation of Suffering

5. The past Five Aggregates

6. The future Five Aggregates

7. The past and the future Five Aggregates together

8. Specific conditionality and conditionally-arisen states including kamma and its consequences.

Sakhra signifies immoral ,moral and imperturbable volitions which constitute Kamma and causes rebirth.

Kammic formations - (Sakhra)

It includes all moral and immoral thoughts, words and deeds. Actions (good and bad) which are rooted in ignorance and which must produce their due effects, tend to prolong wandering in Samsara.

Non Greed

Non HatredNon Delusion

(wisdom) Greed

Hatred

Delusion

Kammic Formations Kammic Formations (Sa(Sakhkhra)ra)

1. The volition in the 12 types of unwholesome consciousness (8 rooted in greed, 2 rooted in anger, 2 rooted in delusion).

2. The volition in the 8 types of sense-sphere wholesome consciousness & 4 associated with knowledge and 4 dissociated from knowledge.

3. The volition in the 5 types of wholesome consciousness pertaining to the fine-material sphere.

4. The volition in the 4 types of wholesome consciousness pertaining to the immaterial sphere.

How does ignorance condition karmic formations?

Formation of demerit Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

Not knowing the noble truth of suffering (birth, ageing, sickness, death, separation from whom you love, associate from whom you do not like, cannot get what you want.) in round of rebirth, wrongly perceive suffering in the round of rebirth to be pleasant

Formation of demerit

How does ignorance condition karmic formations?

Formation of demerit Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

Not knowing craving is origin of suffering, they wrongly think pleasure or craving is origin of happiness

How does ignorance condition karmic formations?

Formation of demerit

Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

‘unknowing’ about the Cessation of the suffering, one misperceives the Cessation of Suffering to be in some particular destiny (such as heaven or Brahma world)[1]

Formation of demerit

How does ignorance condition karmic formations?

Formation of demerit

Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

Not knowing the Path… noble 8 fold path, misperceives the Path as in animal or human sacrifice or worshiping the God, trees, fire or certain rite and ritual

Formation of demerit

Consciousness (Viñña) (refers to resultant consciousness)

1. Rebirth linking consciousness. (sense-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere)

2. In the course of an individual existence

How do karmic formations condition consciousness?

It is so called because it links the past with the present, and it is the initial consciousness one experiences at the moment of conception.

Consciousness - Viñña

The foetus in the mother’s womb is formed by the combination of this relinking-consciousness with the sperm and ovum cells of the parents. In this consciousness are latent all the past impressions, characteristics and tendencies of that particular individual life-flux.

Kam

ma

Forc

e

How Do Karmic Formations Condition Consciousness at Rebirth?

How Do Karmic Formations Condition Consciousness During Course of Existence?

DH

How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter?

MINDfeeling,

perception formations..

MATTER4 Great ElementDerived Matter

Consciousness

How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter (for Human)?

o 1 Citta + 33 cetasikaso 30 Matter

oSex decad kalàpaoBody decad kalàpaoHeart- base decad

kalàpa

1citta and 3 (feeling,perception and formation)

Kamma-born Matter

Eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, sex and heart base decad kalapa.

How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter (for Spontaneous Birth)?

Sense-sphere beings (spontaneous rebirth)

Perception Formation

Feeling

MIND

How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter?

feeling, perception, formations

Heart Base

Sex Decad

Body

Decad

Tongue

Decad

Nose Decad

Ear Decad

Eye Decad

MATTER

Consciousness

Womb-Born Beings (Human)

o 1 Citta + 33 cetasikaso 30 Matter

oSex decad kalàpaoBody decad kalàpa

oHeart- base decad kalàpa

Brahma in Fine-material Sphere

Perception Formation

Feeling

MIND

Life-Nonad

Heart Base

Ear Decad

Eye Decad

MATTER

Consciousness

4. Dependent on Mind-and-Matter, Six Sense Bases Arise

Six Sense Bases

Mind-and-Matte

r

Six Sense Bases - Salyatana

During the embryonic period, the six sense-bases gradually evolve. Over a period of time, the small embryo develops into a complex six senses-machine.

All the six organs (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind), collide with their respective objects (forms, sounds, odours, sapids, tangibles and mental objects) giving rise to six types of consciousness.

6 Sense Bases (Salyatana)

6. The mind base (manyatana =

consciousness)

1. Eye-base (cakkhyatana)

2. Ear-base (sotyatana)

3. Nose-base (ghnyatana

4. Tongue-base (jivhyatana)

5. Body-base (kyyatana)

1. Nma-paccay

Mental Factors

2. Nma-paccayConsciousness + MF

Manyatana

Consciousness

Rūpyatana

5-Sense Bases

3. Rūpa-paccay

4 Elements+Life+Nutriment

Rūpyatana

5-Sense Bases

4. Rūpa-paccay

5 Sense-Bases

Manyatana

Consciousness

5. Nmarūpa-paccay

MF+5 Sense Bases

Manyatana

Consciousness

5. Dependent on Six Sense Bases Arise, Contact Arise

6 sense 6 sense objectsobjects

Contact

Contact

6 types of6 types of

ConsciousnessConsciousness

6 sense 6 sense basesbases

It is this feeling that experiences the desirable and undesirable fruits of an action done in this or in a previous birth.

Feeling (or sensation) is a mental state common to all types of consciousness.

What precious jewels!!

I am going to be rich!!

6. Dependent on Contact Feelings Arise

Feeling (Vedan)When the six sense objects impinge on the respective six sense bases, six classes of feeling are formed:

1. Feeling born of eye-contact

2. Feeling born of ear-contact

3. Feeling born of nose-contact

4. Feeling born of tongue- contact

5. Feeling born of body-contact

6. Feeling born of mind-contact

“.. like a bubble, perishing immediately after it forms “

1. Feeling born of eye-contact

2. Feeling born of ear-contact

3. Feeling born of nose-contact

4. Feeling born of tongue- contact

5. Feeling born of body-contact

6. Feeling born of mind-contact

1. Pleasurable2. Painful3. Neutral

Feeling (Vedan)

MIND

7. Dependent on Feelings Craving Arises

Tanha includes all forms of greed, desire, lust, yearning, longing, affection.

C = being a cause of sufferingC = being a cause of suffering; ; F = to delightF = to delight;;M= as insatiabilityM= as insatiability

1 Visible Objects

2

Sounds

3Smells

4

Tastes

5

Tangible

Objects

6Mental Objects

6 kinds of

C R A V I N G

7. Dependent on Feelings Craving

Arises

Where Does Craving Arise and Take Root?

• Where there is delightful and the pleasurable, there craving arises and takes root. Forms

• Sounds ,smell, taste, tangible objects and mental object are delightful and pleasurable , then craving arises and take root.

• The most powerful factors in the Wheel of Life are ignorance and craving. Ignorance is shown as the past cause that conditions the present; and craving, the present cause that conditions the future.

8. Dependent on craving arisesclinging

Depending on craving is grasping which is intense craving. Tanha is like groping in the dark to steal an object. Upadana corresponds to the actual stealing of the object.

I want to remain

Chairman

Characteristic

Function

Manifestation

Not to release

Seizing

Strong form of craving ad as view

Clinging (updna) = Intense Craving

1. Sensual pleasure

2. False views

3. Rites and rituals

4. Doctrine of self

Becoming (bhava)

9. Dependent on clinging arisesbecoming

Characteristic

Function

Manifestation

Make become and to become

Being kamma kamma-result

Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate

Becoming is 2 fold

1. Kamma process becoming (kamma-bhava) = volitions

(Both moral and immoral actions which constitute Kamma.)

2. Resultant rebirth process becoming (Upapattti-bhava) = aggregates generated by kamma

9. Dependent on Clinging Arises Becoming

The difference between Sakhra (kammic formation) and bhava becoming) is that the former pertains to the past and the latter to the present life.

Birth (jti)

The first manifestation of any aggregates in a new existence

10. Dependent on Becoming Arises Birth

It is the arising of the psycho-physical phenomena (khandhanam patubhavo).

10. Dependent on Becoming Arises Birth

The first manifestation of any aggregates in a new existence

• Decay - bodily deterioration – such as loss of teeth, grey hair, wrinkles, loss of memory, etc.

• Death – breakup of aggregates

• Sorrow – burning in the mind

• Lamentation – crying out after loss

• Pain – pain in the body

• Grief – pain in mind

• Despair – extremely burning in the mind, loss of hope

Thus arises the whole mass of suffering

Birth leads to -Birth leads to -

11. Dependent on Birth Arises Aging, Death……

Past Present Future

Three Periods of Time

Past causeIgnorance

Kammic formations

Present effectConsciousnessMind & Matter6 sense bases

ContactFeeling

Present causesCravingClinging

Becoming

Future effectBirth

DecayDeath

SorrowLamentation

PainGrief

Despair

Past causeIgnorance

Kammic formations

(CravingClinging

Becoming)

Present effectConciousnessMind & Matter6 sense bases

ContactFeeling

Present causesCravingClinging

Becoming(Ignorance &

Kammic formations)

Future effectBirth

DecayDeath

Future causesCravingClinging

Becoming(Ignorance &

Kammic formations)

Past Present Future

Three Periods of Time

Round of KAMMA (Kammic formations,

becoming)

Round of Result(Consciousness, mind-matter,

6 sense bases,contact, feeling)

Round of defilement(Ignorance, craving,

clinging)

The 3 RoundsThe 3 Rounds

SaSaÿÿsārasāra

Attainment of (Arahant)

Path and Fruition

Knowledge

Ignoranceceases

The whole chain of Dependent Origination breaks down

Ignorance ceases kammic formations cease consciousness ceases mind & matter cease 6 sense bases cease contact ceases feelings cease craving ceases clinging ceases becoming ceases birth does not arise decay, death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, despair do not arise

The entire mass of suffering ceasesThe entire mass of suffering ceases

Paticca Samuppada

This process of cause and effect continues ad infinitum. A beginning of this process cannot be determined as it is impossible to conceive of a time when this life-flux was not encompassed by ignorance.

But when this ignorance is replaced by wisdom and the life-flux realises the Nibbana Dhatu, then only does the rebirth process terminate.

The Noble Eightfold The Noble Eightfold PathPath

What is the What is the pathpath leading to the leading to the

cessation of all cessation of all suffering ?suffering ?

The Noble The Noble Eightfold PathEightfold Path

1. Right Understanding (sammà-diññhi)2. Right Thought (sammà-saïkappa)3. Right Speech (sammà-vàcà)4. Right Action (sammà-kammanta)5. Right Livelihood (sammà-àjãva)6. Right Effort (sammà-vàyama)7. Right Mindfulness (sammà-sati)8. Right Concentration (sammà-samàdhi)

The Noble Eightfold Path

Right UnderstandingRight Understanding

of Four Noble Truthof Four Noble Truth

• The Noble Truth of suffering. The Noble Truth of suffering. • The Noble Truth of origination of sufferingThe Noble Truth of origination of suffering• The Noble Truth of cessation of suffering.The Noble Truth of cessation of suffering.• The Noble Truth of the path leading to the The Noble Truth of the path leading to the

cessation of sufferingcessation of suffering

The Noble Eightfold Path

Right Thought

• Renunciation (nekkhama)• Non ill-will (abyàpàda)• Non cruelty (avihimsa)

The Noble Eightfold Path

Right Speech

• Abstaining from telling lies• Abstaining from backbiting• Abstaining from harsh speech• Abstaining from frivolous talk

Right ActionRight Action

• Abstaining from killing• Abstaining from stealing• Abstaining from sexual misconduct

The Noble Eightfold Path

The Noble Eightfold PathThe Noble Eightfold PathRight LivelihoodRight Livelihood

• Abstaining from dealing in weapons• Abstaining from dealing in slaves• Abstaining from dealing in animals for slaughter• Abstaining from dealing in poison• Abstaining from dealing intoxicants

The Noble Eightfold PathThe Noble Eightfold Path

Right EffortRight Effort

• The effort to discard evil states that have arisen • The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen evil

states• The effort to arouse unarisen wholesome states• The effort to bring to perfection arisen

wholesome states

The Noble Eightfold Path

Right Mindfulness

• Mindfulness in contemplation of the body• Mindfulness in contemplation of feelings• Mindfulness in contemplation of consciousness• Mindfulness in contemplation of mental objects

The Noble Eightfold Path

Right Concentration

• 1st Jhana• 2nd Jhana• 3rd Jhana• 4th Jhana

The Noble Eightfold Path

• Right Understanding• Right Thought

• Right Speech• Right Action• Right Livelihood

• Right Effort• Right Mindfulness• Right Concentration

Morality training

Wisdom training

Concentration training

May you attain the end of all suffering

Sadhu Sadhu Sadhu