Pathways

• Anabolic pathways– Synthetic– Reductive– Endergonic

• Catabolic pathways– Degradative– Oxidative– Exergonic

Linked by ATP and redox cofactors

ATPa "high energy" compound

Wrong

Why is ATP "high energy"?

• Charge repulsion of phosphates

• Increase in entropy (number of molecules increases)

• Resonance stabilization of product

ATPa "high energy" compound

Wrong

In cell, G= -10 to –14 kcal/mol

Group Transfer Reactions

Other energy transfers

• Redox reactions– Catabolic is ?– Anabolic is ?

• Redox potential energy – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)– Flavin adenine dinucleotide

NAD+ and NADH

Focus on glucose

• Major fuel for animals• Major fuel for plants• Central to metabolism of

– Amino acids– Fats/fatty acids

We're going to look at breakdown and synthesis of glucose

Catabolism of glucose• Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway)• Aerobic respiration

– Glycolysis– Kreb's cycle (TCA cycle, citrate cycle)– OXPHOS

• Anaerobic respiration– Lactate (lactic acid) production– Fermentation—ethanol production

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Glycolysis