Stagnation of urine

Increase hydrostatic pressure against the bladder wall

Urea Splitting Micororganisms

Hypertrophy of detrusor muscle

Hypersensitivity to afferent stimuli

Formation of trabeculae

Formation of diverticula

Increase in Ammonia

Alkalinity (Increasing pH of urine)

Decrease bladder contraction

Renointestinal reflexes and shared nerve

supply between the ureters and intestine

Calcium salts gets to urethra

Builds up and blocks the opening in the

urethra

Increase in residual urine volume

Overdistention of the urinary bladder

Overflow IncontinenceFrequency in Urination

Urgency

Nausea, Vomiting and Abdominal Distention

Feeling of Incomplete Voiding

Dysuria, Anuria

Vaginal Delivery Anticholinergics, Antispasmodics

Anesthesia

Large size of the baby

Pelvic trauma or injury during delivery

Injury to S2-S4Damage Stretch Receptor

Blocks action of Acetycholine

Inhibits Bladder Contractility

Blocks pain signals

Impaired Nerve Functioning

Decrease intrabladder pressure

Inhibits Micturition reflex

Loss of sensation of bladder during filling

Relaxation of detrusor muscle

Decrease intravesicular pressure

Residual Volume up to 2,000 ml

Overdistention of the bladder

Bladder reaches breakthrough point

Small amounts of urine dribble

Overflow Incontinence

Prostatic enlargement Constipation

Gland presses against the urethra

Bladder wall becomes thicker and irritable

Bladder contracts even when it contains small

amounts of urine

Frequent urination

Bladder weakens and loses its ability to empty

itself

Increase residual urine volume

Decrease elasticity of bladder

Feeling of Incomplete Voiding Overflow Incontinence

Hard stool in the rectum

Pushes against the bladder Pushes against the urethra

Narrowing of urethra

Decrease amount of urine release

Decrease force of urinary stream

Dysuria, Anuria