Pathophysiology

Chapter 1(1) Introduction

What is pathophysiology?

A subject to explore the rule of origin and

evolution of disease processes and the

fundamental mechanisms.

Difference from Physiology

Also named:

Physiopathology

Physiology of Disease

Physiology of Disordered Function

Difference from Pathology

Pathology emphasizes the structural changes

Pathophysiology focuses on the functional an

d metabolic alterations and

the mechanisms

The Methodologies Used in Pathophysiology

Traditionally, limited in systemic or organic

levels.

Now, more methods

Why is Pathophysiology Important?

As a bridge not between the basic science and diseases but various basic sciences .

Enabling the students, clinicians and other practitioners to understand why and how diseases develop and various

clinical manifestations appear,

and what are the fundamental

mechanisms.

How the Teaching of Pathophysiology is Arranged?

Introduction

Fundamental pathological processes

Organic pathophysiology

Cellular and molecular pathophysiology

Major Points in Learning Pathophysiology

The general concepts

The etiology and pathogenesis

The alterations in metabolism and functions

The principles for the prevention and therapies

How to Learn Pathophysiology?

Grasp the major points Use dialectical thinking and methods Selectively review related knowledge

learned previously Pay attention to experimental courses Pay attention to clinical practices

Conspectus of Disease

Concept of Disease

Disease is referred as aberrant manifestation of deregulated homeostasis caused by harmful agents.

The development of a disease is definitely a pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms involved in the whole body or any of its parts.

Concept of Health

Health is the state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.

The definition of health from WHO:

Health indicates not only without any

evidence of disease, but also a state of

complete well-being physically,

psychologically and socially.

Etiology of disease

Etiology is used to study the causative agents including microorganisms, environmental, social factors and personal habits as contributing factors that causes disease.

Answer the question why

disease happens.

Etiological factors

Biological agents Chemical agents Physical agents Nutritional imbalance

Extrinsic Factors

Etiological factors

Genetic factors

Congenital factors

Immunological factors

Psychological factors

Intrinsic Factors

Predisposing factors

Genetic constitution

Physiological diathesis

Psychological characteristics

Precipitating Factors

Natural conditions

Physical condition

Social condition

Pathogenesis of disease

Disruption of homeostasis

Process of damage and anti-damage

Reversal role of cause and result

Correlation between systemic and local

regulations

Outcome of disease

Complete recovery

Incomplete recovery

Death

Brain Death (WHO criteria )

Cessation of spontaneous respiration Irreversible coma Absence of cephalic reflexes and dilated pupils Absence of any electrical activity of the brain Absence of brain blood flow

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