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PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER VII. practical training 3 rd year General Medicine

PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

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PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER. VII. practical training 3 rd year General Medicine. Haemochromatosis. Congestion of the liver. Congestion of the liver. Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum). 2. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1 Portobilial spaces - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

VII. practical training 3rd year General Medicine

Page 2: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Haemochromatosis

Page 3: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Congestion of the liver

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Congestion of the liver

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Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum)

1 Portobilial spaces 2 Ways of congestion (congestion with necrosis of hepatocytes)Pseudolobulus from residues of 3 lobuli, in centre is portobilium

1

1

1

2

2

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Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum), detail

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3

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1 Portobilium- dilatated branch of v. portae2 Pseudolobulus from residues of 3 lobuli, in centre is portobilium 3 Ways of congestion (congestion with necrosis of hepatocytes)4 Biliary duct5 Branch of a. hepatica

4

5

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Viral hepatitis

HAV RNA hepatovirus

HBV DNA hepadnavirus

HDV RNA defect virus

non A non B (NANB)

HCV RNA flavi a pestivirus-like

HEV RNA kalicivirus

HFV RNA togavirus

HGV RNA flavivirus

herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, paramyxovirus, ...

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Acute viral hepatitis – morphology

Macro: játra zduřelá, červená, pouzdro napjaté

Micro: 1. klasická AH s fokální nekrózou 2. AH s bridging nekrózou 3. AH s panacinární nebo multiacinární nekrózou 4. AH s periportální nekrózou

Poškození hepatocytů – nekrózy monocelulární, fokálnídisarray – rozvolnění z trámců, polymorfieZánětlivá reakce – mononukleární – lobulární, méně portální zduření Kupfferových buněkRegenerace

Méně často: lymfoidní agregáty poškození žlučovodů cholestáza neutrofily

}VHC

}fulminantní, cholestatická VH

Page 9: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Necrosis

A) Type lytic koagulative (apoptosa) piecemeal

activation, healing ad integrum

course fibrosis + activation; cirrhosis

acute liver failure, death

C) Localisation centrolobular periportal midzonal

B) Intensity monocelular focal submasive masive bridging (C – C; C – P)

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Acute stage of viral hepatitis

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Viral hepatitis subacute fatal

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Chronic viral hepatis

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Liver – chronic viral hepatis

1

2

31 Portobiliar space with chronic inflammatory infiltrate2 „piece-meal necroses“ 3 Central part of lobulus with mixed steatosis

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Liver – chronic viral hepatis

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2

1 Chronic inflammatory infiltrate in portobiliar space 2 Biliary duct

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Chronic viral hepatis, active

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2

2

1 Necrosis of hepatocytes with accumulation of lymphocytes 2 Steatosis3 Swelling of hepatocytes

3

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Massive necrosis (hepatodystrophy, yellow atrophy)

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2

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1 Biliary duct2 Artery3 Vena4 Parenchyma

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Massive necrosis (hepatodystrophy, yellow atrophy)

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2

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1 Hepatocyt with eosinophilic cytoplasm and partly defunct nucleus2 Hepatocyt with degradated nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm3 Lipofuscin4 Completely defunct hepatocytes

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Acute hepatodystrophy

Page 19: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Liver cirrhosis

etiology morphology

alkohol 60-70% mikronodulárnípo CAH 10% makronodulárníkryptogenní 10-15% smíšená

biliární primárnísekundární

pigmentové hemochromatóza primární sekundární

z vrozených poruch metabolismu (tyrosinemie,galaktosemie ...)

Page 20: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Cirrhosis hepatis

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Cirrhosis hepatis

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Cirrhosis hepatis

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Biliary cirrhosis

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Biliary cirrhosis

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Biliary cirrhosis (Fouchet)

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Alcohol liver steatosis

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Alcohol liver cirrhosis

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Tumoriformní léze Fokální nodulární hyperplazie Parciální nodulární hyperplazie Nodulární regeneratorní hyperplazie Cysty; hamartom; zánětlivý pseudotumor

Benigní tumory adenom hepatocelulární

cholangiogenní hemangiom

Maligní Hepatocelulární karcinom; fibrolamelární karcinom Cholangiogenní karcinom (periferní, hilový-Klatskin, extrahepatální) Hepatoblastom (embryonální, teratoidní ...) Angiosarkom; maligní hemangioendoteliom

sekundární nádory = metastázy

Page 29: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Cavernous haemangioma

1 Liver capsule2 Liver parenchyma3 Fibrous septum4 Big vascular spaces5 Biliary duct

1 2

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3

3

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Cavernous haemangioma

1 Big vascular spaces 2 Fibrous septum

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1

1

1

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2

1

Page 31: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Cavernous haemangioma

1 Vascular spaces2 Flat endothelial cells 3 Fibrous septum 4 Biliary ducts

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1

3

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4

2

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Cavernous haemangioma

1 Vascular spaces2 Flat endothelial cells 3 Fibrous septum

1

1

32

2

Page 33: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Cavernous haemangioma Angiosarcoma

Mitosis

copy

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Primary liver carcinoma

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

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1

2

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1 Hepatocellular carcinoma, „pseudoglandular pattern“2 Residues of nontumorous liver parenchyma3 Periportal space

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

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2

1 Hepatocellular carcinoma 2 Cells of nontumorous parenchyma

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

Absence of liver architecture,anisonucleosis, hyperchromic nuclei, high N/C ratio

Page 39: PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

Cholangiocarcinoma of the liver