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PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER. VII. practical training 3 rd year General Medicine. Haemochromatosis. Congestion of the liver. Congestion of the liver. Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum). 2. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1 Portobilial spaces - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER
VII. practical training 3rd year General Medicine
Haemochromatosis
Congestion of the liver
Congestion of the liver
Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum)
1 Portobilial spaces 2 Ways of congestion (congestion with necrosis of hepatocytes)Pseudolobulus from residues of 3 lobuli, in centre is portobilium
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1
1
2
2
Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum), detail
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3
2
3
1 Portobilium- dilatated branch of v. portae2 Pseudolobulus from residues of 3 lobuli, in centre is portobilium 3 Ways of congestion (congestion with necrosis of hepatocytes)4 Biliary duct5 Branch of a. hepatica
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5
Viral hepatitis
HAV RNA hepatovirus
HBV DNA hepadnavirus
HDV RNA defect virus
non A non B (NANB)
HCV RNA flavi a pestivirus-like
HEV RNA kalicivirus
HFV RNA togavirus
HGV RNA flavivirus
herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, paramyxovirus, ...
Acute viral hepatitis – morphology
Macro: játra zduřelá, červená, pouzdro napjaté
Micro: 1. klasická AH s fokální nekrózou 2. AH s bridging nekrózou 3. AH s panacinární nebo multiacinární nekrózou 4. AH s periportální nekrózou
Poškození hepatocytů – nekrózy monocelulární, fokálnídisarray – rozvolnění z trámců, polymorfieZánětlivá reakce – mononukleární – lobulární, méně portální zduření Kupfferových buněkRegenerace
Méně často: lymfoidní agregáty poškození žlučovodů cholestáza neutrofily
}VHC
}fulminantní, cholestatická VH
Necrosis
A) Type lytic koagulative (apoptosa) piecemeal
activation, healing ad integrum
course fibrosis + activation; cirrhosis
acute liver failure, death
C) Localisation centrolobular periportal midzonal
B) Intensity monocelular focal submasive masive bridging (C – C; C – P)
Acute stage of viral hepatitis
Viral hepatitis subacute fatal
Chronic viral hepatis
Liver – chronic viral hepatis
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2
31 Portobiliar space with chronic inflammatory infiltrate2 „piece-meal necroses“ 3 Central part of lobulus with mixed steatosis
Liver – chronic viral hepatis
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2
1 Chronic inflammatory infiltrate in portobiliar space 2 Biliary duct
Chronic viral hepatis, active
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2
2
1 Necrosis of hepatocytes with accumulation of lymphocytes 2 Steatosis3 Swelling of hepatocytes
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Massive necrosis (hepatodystrophy, yellow atrophy)
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2
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1 Biliary duct2 Artery3 Vena4 Parenchyma
Massive necrosis (hepatodystrophy, yellow atrophy)
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1 Hepatocyt with eosinophilic cytoplasm and partly defunct nucleus2 Hepatocyt with degradated nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm3 Lipofuscin4 Completely defunct hepatocytes
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Acute hepatodystrophy
Liver cirrhosis
etiology morphology
alkohol 60-70% mikronodulárnípo CAH 10% makronodulárníkryptogenní 10-15% smíšená
biliární primárnísekundární
pigmentové hemochromatóza primární sekundární
z vrozených poruch metabolismu (tyrosinemie,galaktosemie ...)
Cirrhosis hepatis
Cirrhosis hepatis
Cirrhosis hepatis
Biliary cirrhosis
Biliary cirrhosis
Biliary cirrhosis (Fouchet)
Alcohol liver steatosis
Alcohol liver cirrhosis
Tumoriformní léze Fokální nodulární hyperplazie Parciální nodulární hyperplazie Nodulární regeneratorní hyperplazie Cysty; hamartom; zánětlivý pseudotumor
Benigní tumory adenom hepatocelulární
cholangiogenní hemangiom
Maligní Hepatocelulární karcinom; fibrolamelární karcinom Cholangiogenní karcinom (periferní, hilový-Klatskin, extrahepatální) Hepatoblastom (embryonální, teratoidní ...) Angiosarkom; maligní hemangioendoteliom
sekundární nádory = metastázy
Cavernous haemangioma
1 Liver capsule2 Liver parenchyma3 Fibrous septum4 Big vascular spaces5 Biliary duct
1 2
3
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3
3
Cavernous haemangioma
1 Big vascular spaces 2 Fibrous septum
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1
1
1
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1
Cavernous haemangioma
1 Vascular spaces2 Flat endothelial cells 3 Fibrous septum 4 Biliary ducts
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1
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2
Cavernous haemangioma
1 Vascular spaces2 Flat endothelial cells 3 Fibrous septum
1
1
32
2
Cavernous haemangioma Angiosarcoma
Mitosis
copy
Primary liver carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
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1
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1 Hepatocellular carcinoma, „pseudoglandular pattern“2 Residues of nontumorous liver parenchyma3 Periportal space
Hepatocellular carcinoma
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1 Hepatocellular carcinoma 2 Cells of nontumorous parenchyma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Absence of liver architecture,anisonucleosis, hyperchromic nuclei, high N/C ratio
Cholangiocarcinoma of the liver