94
3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 Ballistic twodimensional electrondefect electronenergy system, has ... Google Patents https://www.google.com/patents/DE102006024610A1?cl=en&dq=tesla+coil+spacecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6tH2VOXKE8SzoQTb4FI&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA 1/94 Patents Publication number DE102006024610 A1 Publication type Application Application number DE200610024610 Publication date Nov 29, 2007 Filing date May 26, 2006 Priority date May 26, 2006 Inventors Juergen Blum Applicant BLUM, Jürgen Export Citation BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan Referenced by (4), Classifications (8), Legal Events (1) External Links: DPMA, Espacenet CLAIMS (10) translated from German 1. The twodimensional electronelectron holes (holes) energy systems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternating current, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (Ballistic Energy Systems III) is characterized by the following features: The process of the invention is that a transformer (may also be a RF its transformer), the primary coil is supplied by a pulse generator or RF generator with energy and so generates the induction in the transformer. New is the structure of the coil wire of the secondary winding of the twodimensional electronholetransformer. This two dimensional coil wire is manufactured by the simultaneous application of the principle of the capacitor and the principle of inductance and calculated through the built up: a) The inner conductor (Cu) is surrounded by a thick insulation (plastic, ceramic or glass ceramic), above which is the metallic enclosure (copper braid) and is on his turn insulation. b) activation of the twodimensional electron state of the coil wire of the secondary winding is connected to a high DC voltage to the terminals of the twodimensional line halves A and B of the coil wire (shielding and inner conductor of the highvoltage cable), for this DC supply, I use a network equipment of the company F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D83024 Rosenheim Email: [email protected] with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 420020000, 020000 V / 0200 mA current and 50 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800 65000; 065 KV; 040 mA. c) The orbital mass of the electron holes and the electrons produced by the separate to the Leitungsschichen by isolating a and b are fitting 20 KV high electrostatic voltage. There is a carrier shift of the wiring layer to a conductive layer b, the KeV to be a Obitalespannungspotential the electron and the electron holes of 20 is expressed. By this Obitalespannungspotential the electron and the hole automatically get a higher mass. The inner and outer conductors (copper braid) are the two layers a and b of the twodimensional line. They serve as carriers for involving mass electrons and holes flows. d) Due to the nature of the applied electrical energy to the primary coil, the power delivered to the secondary coil of energy is determined. According to massprone energy in the pulse DC area or energy in the AC area or in the Ballistic twodimensional electrondefect electronenergy system, has transformer comprising secondary coil with two dimensional secondary coil sections that are connected with high voltage for activating two dimensional electron condition DE 102006024610 A1 ABSTRACT The system has a transformer (1) comprising a primary coil (6) that is supplied with energy from a pulse generator or a highfrequency generator. A secondary coil (5) of the transformer has twodimensional secondary coil sections that are connected with a directcurrent high voltage for activating a twodimensional electron condition, such that electrons and defect electrons are accelerated to a high orbital and mass level. A twodimensional coil wire of the secondary coil is manufactured according to the application of principle of a capacitor and an inductor. DESCRIPTION translated from German Technical field to which this invention belongs: The technical field of ballistic twodimensional electronholeenergy systems with the energy range from 1 eV to 10 MeV with applications in the DC area to highfrequency range. The inventive method is that a transformer (may also be a HF transformer), the primary coil is supplied by a pulse generator or RF generator with power and generates as the induction in the transformer. The secondary coil is built after the model of twodimensional electron systems. A DC high voltage (DC voltage 20 to 300 kV or higher DC voltage) of the secondary coils of the twodimensional layers a and b is present, raises the electrons and the electron holes on the orbital with the corresponding masses. The forces acting in the transformer induction moves the electronholemass orbitals by the conductor layers of the twodimensional secondary coil, the thus formed twodimensional voltage radiates at their poles of quantum gravity. The briefly described herein relates to the research field of ballistic two dimensional electronholesystems, which in the field of gravitational magnetic fields with the application in a transformer, for frequencies in pulsed DC area, in the AC range and the high frequency range. This is the principle of the ballistic twodimensional electronholeenergy system in a transformer. The twodimensional line, it has the following structure: It consists of a copper wire (copper core) surrounded by a thick insulation, and above that is a metallic enclosure and is on his turn insulation. Between the core and the metal cladding is at a high electrical voltage. The polarity of the Cu core is positive and the metallic shell has the negative high voltage pool. The metallic enclosure and the Cu core acting as carriers for the current. The orbital mass of the electron holes and the electrons produced by the voltage applied to the separate line by isolating layers high electrostatic voltage. There is a charge carrier offset from the line layer to a conductive layer b which the electron and the holeexpressed as an Obitalespannungspotential itself. By this Obitalespannungspotential the electron and the hole automatically get pointed to a higher mass than when they are in the Find prior art Discuss this application [0001] [0002] [0003] [0004] [0005] German English Sign in tesla coil spacecraft

Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

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Page 1: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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Publication number DE102006024610 A1Publication type ApplicationApplication number DE200610024610Publication date Nov 29, 2007Filing date May 26, 2006Priority date May 26, 2006

Inventors Juergen Blum

Applicant BLUM, Jürgen

Export Citation BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan

Referenced by (4), Classifications (8), Legal Events (1)

External Links: DPMA, Espacenet

CLAIMS (10) translated from German

1. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems in theenergy of the pulse direct current, alternating current, radio frequency andthe artificial gravitation (Ballistic Energy Systems III) is characterized bythe following features: The process of the invention is that a transformer(may also be a RF its transformer), the primary coil is supplied by a pulsegenerator or RF generator with energy and so generates the induction inthe transformer. New is the structure of the coil wire of the secondarywinding of the two­dimensional electron­hole­transformer. This two­dimensional coil wire is manufactured by the simultaneous application ofthe principle of the capacitor and the principle of inductance andcalculated through the built up: a) The inner conductor (Cu) is surroundedby a thick insulation (plastic, ceramic or glass ceramic), above which isthe metallic enclosure (copper braid) and is on his turn insulation. b)activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the coil wire of thesecondary winding is connected to a high DC voltage to the terminals ofthe two­dimensional line halves A and B of the coil wire (shielding andinner conductor of the high­voltage cable), for this DC supply, I use anetwork equipment of the company F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr.2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the followingdata: For 20 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage powersupply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keVelectron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA. c) The orbital mass of the electron holes andthe electrons produced by the separate to the Leitungsschichen byisolating a and b are fitting 20 KV high electrostatic voltage. There is acarrier shift of the wiring layer to a conductive layer b, the KeV to be aObitalespannungspotential the electron and the electron holes of 20 isexpressed. By this Obitalespannungspotential the electron and the hole­automatically get a higher mass. The inner and outer conductors (copperbraid) are the two layers a and b of the two­dimensional line. They serveas carriers for involving mass electrons and holes flows. d) Due to thenature of the applied electrical energy to the primary coil, the powerdelivered to the secondary coil of energy is determined. According tomass­prone energy in the pulse DC area or energy in the AC area or in the

Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defectelectron­energy system, has transformercomprising secondary coil with two­dimensional secondary coil sections that areconnected with high voltage for activating two­dimensional electron conditionDE 102006024610 A1

ABSTRACT

The system has a transformer (1) comprising a primary coil (6) that is suppliedwith energy from a pulse generator or a high­frequency generator. A secondarycoil (5) of the transformer has two­dimensional secondary coil sections that are connected with a direct­current high voltage for activating a two­dimensional electroncondition, such that electrons and defect electrons are accelerated to a high orbital and mass level. A two­dimensional coil wire of the secondary coil is manufacturedaccording to the application of principle of a capacitor and an inductor.

DESCRIPTION translated from German

Technical field to which this invention belongs:The technical field of ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energysystems with the energy range from 1 eV to 10 MeV with applicationsin the DC area to high­frequency range.The inventive method is that a transformer (may also be a HFtransformer), the primary coil is supplied by a pulse generator or RFgenerator with power and generates as the induction in the transformer.The secondary coil is built after the model of two­dimensional electronsystems. A DC high voltage (DC voltage 20 to 300 kV or higher DCvoltage) of the secondary coils of the two­dimensional layers a and b ispresent, raises the electrons and the electron holes on the orbital withthe corresponding masses. The forces acting in the transformerinduction moves the electron­hole­mass orbitals by the conductor layersof the two­dimensional secondary coil, the thus formed two­dimensionalvoltage radiates at their poles of quantum gravity.The briefly described herein relates to the research field of ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­systems, which in the field of gravitational­magnetic fields with the application in a transformer, for frequencies inpulsed DC area, in the AC range and the high frequency range.This is the principle of the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energysystem in a transformer.The two­dimensional line, it has the following structure: It consists of a copper wire (copper core) surrounded by a thickinsulation, and above that is a metallic enclosure and is on his turninsulation. Between the core and the metal cladding is at a highelectrical voltage. The polarity of the Cu core is positive and themetallic shell has the negative high voltage pool. The metallic enclosureand the Cu core acting as carriers for the current. The orbital mass ofthe electron holes and the electrons produced by the voltage applied tothe separate line by isolating layers high electrostatic voltage. There isa charge carrier offset from the line layer to a conductive layer b whichthe electron and the hole­expressed as an Obitalespannungspotentialitself. By this Obitalespannungspotential the electron and the hole­automatically get pointed to a higher mass than when they are in the

Find prior art Discuss this application

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Sign intesla coil spacecraft

Page 2: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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high frequency range can be produced. These boundary conditions of thequantum vacuum is the cause of gravity. If we these boundary conditionsfor generating gravitational effects and effects, by the expansion of thevacuum panel, that the core region of the atom comprises up to electroncause fed through a carrier shift of the two­dimensional secondary coillayers A and B through the ports electrostatic voltage. Have wesimultaneously building a coupling mechanisms for the generation ofinvolving mass electrons and holes in a power system with the propertiesof the zero point fluctuations. A made in this basis two­dimensionaltransformer, the high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy system radiate to the two­dimensionalconnections secondary coil, the massenbehaften field poles of theelectron­electron holes, zero point fluctuations or quantum fluctuations inthe form of gravity particles. e) Two­dimensional electron­hole­energy. Thegenerated two­dimensional electron­hole­energy has the following mass­prone voltage: a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 20 KeV,of the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 50 KeVballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negative electron orbitalmeasure of 20 keV, with the polarity of the ground potential electronexcess 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage. b. Pole of the positivehole­orbital mass of 20 keV with the polarity of the ground potential defectelectron deficiency of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and pole ofthe positive hole­orbital mass 20 keV, with the polarity of the groundpotential defect electrons excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballisticvoltage. c. Together passed:.. "There are Orbitalemassen of electrons andholes through the line layers of the two­dimensional line moves" Accordingto Einstein's general theory of relativity produce moving masses a"gravitomagnetic (gravitational­magnetic)" field The versatility of the two­dimensional electron systems (2DES) is to extend the contributed basicphysical understanding of the nature of the 2DES in general electricalengineering. Since 2005 it has been possible with the existingcomponents from electrical engineering a two­dimensional electronsystems, a utility model of the 2DES in an electric transformer withapplications in Pulsed DC area or change frequency or high frequencyrange to produce ,

2. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems III), the inventive method is in accordance withclaim 1 and characterized by the following features: A method forthe production of electrons crystal and hole crystal using thehighly strained two­dimensional electron­hole­energy. The crystalstructure of a wire or metal braid or a prepared HTSsuperconductors in a Drahthaspesystem under one­foot of a veryhigh ballistic capacitor voltage from 1 to 1000 keV, two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems inthe energy of the pulse direct current, the voltage potential of 1­1000 keV, one­foot under a very high laser power becomesincandescent, and then under one­foot very rapid cooling of apassage cold chamber are. Procedure under the followingconditions. Electron crystal expiry of crystallization a. From thefirst reel drum 1 (coiler drum) (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ), The metalwire (drawing no. 4, pos 33 ) In the opening of the front of yourhead are in dividend laser (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ), Then into thesmall hole in the center of the five cooling chamber walls(drawing no. 4, pos 28 . 29 and 30 ) (Cold room) hindurchgeführand the second wire reel [reel­second drum (drawing no. 4, pos24 ) For the metal wire spooling] wound up. b. The ballisticgenerator supplies the wire reel [reel (drawing no. 4, pos 25 . 31 .38 ) With the Positive ballistic voltage pole of the negativeelectron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150

ground state.The fed to the primary coil of electrical energy, determines the type ofmagnetic induction, which then produces the corresponding electron­hole­currents in the two­dimensional ballistic secondary coil (20 KV coil)of the transformer.Two­dimensional electron­hole­energy.The generated two­dimensional electron­hole­energy has the followingmass­prone voltage:

a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 20 KeV, hightension with the polarity of the ground potential electrondeficiency of 50 KeV ballistic high tension voltage and pole ofthe negative electron orbital measure of 20 keV, with the polarityof the ground potential electron excess of 50 KeV ballisticvoltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV with thepolarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 50KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and pole of the positivehole­orbital mass 20 keV, with the polarity of the ground potentialdefect electrons excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballisticvoltage.c) taken together: "There are Orbitalemassen of electrons andholes through the line layers of the two­dimensional line moves".

According to Einstein's general theory of relativity produce a movingmasses "gravitomagnetic (gravitational­magnetic)" field.The versatility of the two­dimensional electron systems (2DES) maycontribute to the expansion of the basic physical understanding of thenature of the 2DES in general electrical engineering. Since 2005 it hasbeen possible with the existing components from electrical engineering,a two­dimensional electron energy system of a utility model of the2DES, in an electric transformer with applications in pulsed DC or ACfield frequency or high frequency to produce area.State of the art:In my patent application: "Ballistic electron energy systems 10 2004044 573.7 and 10 2005 038 508.7" containing bases have beendeveloped.

0.1) Physical realization process Physics for Engineers; IDBN 3­18­400655­7; VDI­Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf 19880.2) target. Target for the development of the two­dimensionalelectron system in general electrical engineering.0.3) Electrical Engineering Fundamentals of the transformer, theelectric generator, the inductor and capacitor. Juni 1999th0.31) Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering III / Fundamentalsof Electrical Engineering I, © 2004 University of Hagen0.32) electrodynamics W. Glöckle January 23, 20030.33) Marinescu, M .: AC technology. 5th ed .. Vieweg 20000.34) Electrical conduction / ­Basics / particle picture of thequasi­free electron wave mechanics of electrons in the solid / ­metals / ­type semiconductor­superconductor literature:0.35) Electrical conduction mechanism0.36) A. Thiede; Materials in Electrical Engineering0.37), the capacitor0.38) The capacitor and its extended properties

Basis of Electrical EngineeringThe entire field of electrical engineering, which is no longer manageabletoday for an individual to detail is divided into two major groups.

a) energy technique, which substantially coincides with thedistribution of electrical energy, ie the transformation of theelectrical energy involved in other forms.b) Telecommunications, the electrical energy for transmission ofmessages like the telephone, telegraph, radio, television,communications and data processing.

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Page 3: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of the groundpotential electron excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballisticvoltage and the other the voltage, the pole of the negativeelectron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of the groundpotential electron deficiency of 850 KeV ballistic high tensionvoltage is connected to the outer wall of the vacuum chamber.Between the metal strands of wire coilers and outer wall of thevacuum chamber, a ballistic force field of 850 KeV energy levelis formed. c. The electrons in the metal strand of wire coilers areraised to a high ballistic negative electron orbital masses of 20keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV withthe polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 850 KeVhighly strained ballistic voltage. The metal wire moves in the wirecoiling systems to the reel drum 2 is turned on, the laser andbrings the past continuous metal strand for annealing, the crystalstructure changed by this process because the dominant ballisticelectron­hole­voltage, the structure of the crystal structure in thewire formed during annealing and maintained. With high speed,the Molten metal braid moves to the subsequent cooling bathinside, where it is cooled in a flash and a crystal structure(electron crystal) under the now prevailing conditions formed.Hole Crystal expiry of crystallization d. The ballistic generatorsupplies the wire reel [reel (drawing no. 4, pos 25 . 31 . 38 ) Isthe Positive ballistic voltage pole of the positive hole­orbitalmass 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300keV, with the polarity of the ground potential defect electronsexcess of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and the otherthe voltage of the positive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keVor 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity ofthe ground potential defect electron deficiency of 850 KeV highlystrained ballistic is connected to the wall of the vacuumchamber. e. The hole in the metal strand of wire coilers are on ahigh ballistic voltage pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV,with the polarity of the ground potential defect electrons excessof 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage lifted. f. From the firstreel drum 1 (coiler drum) (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ), The metal wire(drawing no. 4, pos 33 ) In the opening of the front of your headare in dividend laser (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ), Then into the smallhole in the center of the five cooling chamber walls (drawing no.4, pos 28 . 29 and 30 ) (Cold room) hindurchgeführ and thesecond wire reel [reel­second drum (drawing no. 4, pos 24 ) Forthe metal wire spooling] wound up. The metal wire moves in thewire coiling systems to the reel drum 2 is turned on, the laserand brings the past continuous metal strand for annealing, thecrystal structure changed by this process because the dominantballistic hole­voltage, the structure of the crystal structure in thewire during annealing forms and maintains. With high speed, theMolten metal braid moves to the subsequent cooling bath inside,where it is cooled in a flash and made a hole­crystal structureunder the now prevailing conditions. The thus formed more­component amorphous alloys, the massive metallic glasses. Thecarried out from the annealing temperature cooling rates of 1­1000 K / s and faster solidified amorphous metal wire, can becombined to larger components for commercial applications,such as two­dimensional coil produced from these newmaterials. Most are alloys based on Cu, Al, Ni, Ti and Be.

3. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, high frequency and the artificial gravity (Ballistic Energy

The energy technology it is important to transfer energy and transform,namely as economically as possible, ie with low energy losses, while incommunications technology, the most important technical requirementis an error­free transmission of the message. It should not cause anypossible loss of information here so.Two­dimensional models of the bands electron systemsThe first prerequisite is that two parallel lines are separated from eachother by an insulating layer.Second, there must be an electrostatic DC voltage to a certain groundpotential to set the orbitals of the electrons and electron holes (holes)(orbital movement), and the two line half as a capacitor supplied withelectric current. Is formed, depending on the magnitude of the appliedelectrostatic voltage between the two line halves energy gaps ormasses orbitals, which are typically of the order of 1 eV to 1 MeV (eV =electron volt). The size of the energy gap depends on the material andthe applied electrostatic voltage. Rearranging this two­dimensional lineinto a coil and puts it to the magnetic induction, so the weight­bearingelectrons and holes are moved to your orbitals by the two­dimensionalline.Gravitational magnetic effectThese so moving orbital masses produce according to Albert Einstein inthe two­dimensional lines a gravitational­magnetic effect.Two­dimensional electron systemThe two­dimensional electron system is based on the nature of twodifferently charged electron and hole­orbitals in a two­dimensional linesystem (2DES semiconductor physics).General ElectricalThe general electrical engineering is based on the one­dimensionalnature of electron in a one­dimensional line system.

0.3902) circuit. The most important parts of any electricalsystem are power generators, transmission lines andconsumers.0.3903) Basic concepts previously only used in power plantsrotating machines, generators called. In either consumers orconsumer devices, the electrical energy is converted into thedesired other forms of energy such as heat, light and mechanicalenergy. The cables provide the link from farm to fork.0.3904) nature of the electrical flow

The electrical current from the generator goes back through the lines tothe switch and then to the consumer to the generator.The carriers of the electric (positronic) properties of the stream are inmetallic electrical lines the shell of the atom forming known as electronelementary particles of matter surrounding the well of elementaryparticles, protons and neutrons, composite nucleus. Ever, it has very

little mass m = 0.91 × 10 ­27 and negative electricity quantity e = 0.160

· 19 ­16 coulomb (abbreviated C) electronThere are positive and negative electric charges. Charge occurs innature always an integer multiple of the elementary charge e on. Thecharge of an electron is negative, which a proton is positive. Objectsare electrostatically charged by charge exchange, usually through thetransfer of electrons. Charge is always maintained. It can not beproduced in the process of electrostatic charge or destroyed, but merelyredistributes.

0.3905), the force exerted by a charge on another, acts along theconnecting line of the charges. The force is proportional to theproduct of the charges and inversely proportional to the square oftheir distance. Same charges repel each other, ungleichnamigeattract.

This is described by Coulomb's law:Image not availableThe proportionality factor 1 / 4πε 0 has the value Image not available

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Page 4: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

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Systems III), the inventive method according to claim 1 andcharacterized by the following features: According to theembodiment 3, according to patent claim 3 is initially a simpleinventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system willbe described for a spacecraft. In the outer shell of thespacecraft, there is a two­dimensional coil through the high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes(holes) energy system is supplied with energy. These so­energized coil generates two­dimensional then to the spacecraftan artificial gravitational field that cancels the effect of theterrestrial gravity. Hf model of the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system. Application of these ballistic electrons coilsystem (2DES) as field coil around the spacecraft Space Shuttle(Orbiter Ables) to repel the field lines of gravitation with theseproperties of ballistic electrons coil systems (2DES) and thusdefy gravity and thus isolate the 1600 ° C hot plasma from thespacecraft ,

4. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems III), the inventive method is in accordance withclaim 1 and characterized by the following features: A method forthe acceleration of satellites and spacecraft. By a pair ofoppositely charged ion engines with wenigenstens two oppositepolarity acceleration facilities for fuel ions and a gas flow­throughwith a hollow cathode and a multi­accelerating accelerationelectrodes, the two differently charged ion beams mutuallyattract each other in the Fusionsdüse and merge with each other.The negative and positive pulse accelerator of the fusion engineaccelerate xenon ions with the help of the electrostaticacceleration fields of the ring electrodes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11and 12, the ions and to accelerate them to 3988.8 KeV pulseenergy. The negative ions and positive ions come into theFusionstriebwerksdüse with 3988.8 keV pulse energy. Thepulsed accelerator and the openings (drawing no. 6, item 81 and82 ) In the upper part of the Fusionstriebwerksdüse (drawing no.6, item 71 ) Are arranged so that the two high­energy ion beamsintersect in the middle of the Fusionstriebwerksdüse itself. Inaddition, the different polarity of the ion beams cast so that theyattract each other, promote the fusion reaction and end up in aZerstahlungsprozesse. A great fusion pulse of 79770 keVenergy, leaving at high speed, the engine and drives thespaceship.

5. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems III), the inventive method is claimed in claim 1,8 and characterized by the following features: The method for thetransmission of picture and audio signals from the energeticcrowd afflicted 20 to 300 keV high vibrational level of themodulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energyin the frequency range of 1­4000 kHz (or higher frequency). Onthe basis of the embodiments 5 first, a simple inventive design ofthe ballistic electron­hole­energy system for higher dimensionaltransmitter and receiver of audio and video signals on the energy­mass subject vibrational level of the modulated high­frequencytwo­dimensional electron­hole­energy in the frequency range of 1­4000 kHz (or higher frequency ) are described. The application ofhigh­frequency modulated two­dimensional electron mass fraughtdefect electron energy open up new possibilities of the

wherein ε 0 = 8.854 x 10 ­12 C 2 N ­1 · m ­2 · is the electric field

constant.0.3906) Each charging system generates an electric field whichexerts an electrostatic force on a different charge distribution atthe location according to the Coulomb's law. The electric field,which prevails at the location of a positive test charge q is 0,defined as the total force acting on this sample charge, dividedby the size of the sample charge: Image not available0.3907) The electric field of a single positive point charge q i is in

the From stand r i (from the point charge) at point P:

Image not available where r / r i0 the unit vector of q i is in the

direction of P i0. The electric field of a charging system is the

vector sum of the fields of each load: Image not available0.3908) An electric field can be represented graphically byelectric field lines, wherein the field lines begin at the positivecharges and terminating on the negative charges. The density ofthe field lines is a measure of the strength of the field.0.3909) An electric dipole is a system of two equally large, butopposite charges that are separated by a small spatial interval.The dipole moment p is a vector pointing from the negative topositive charge, and whose size is determined by themultiplication of charge and distance: P = qI

Far away from the dipole, the electric field is proportional to themagnitude of the dipole moment and falls with the third power of thedistance.

Although 0.3910) is in a homogeneous electric field, the entireforce exerted on a dipole force is equal to zero, but there is atorque M with M = p × E, that tries to align the dipole parallel tothe field lines. The potential energy of a dipole in an electric fieldis given by E pot = ­p · e given. It disappears when the dipole

and the field lines are perpendicular to each other. In aninhomogeneous electric field a total force acting on the dipole.0.3911) polar molecules such as water, have a permanent dipolemoment, as their positive and negative charge centers do notcoincide. They seem like a simple dipole in an electric field.Non­polar molecules have no permanent dipole moment. Butdipoles can be induced in them by external electric fields.0.3912) The electric field of a continuous charge distribution canbe calculated directly with Coulomb's law: Image not available

It is dq = ρdV for a spatial charge distribution in a volume. In a chargedistribution on a surface integration over A is, and it is dq = σdA, shallapply at a charge distribution along a line dq = λdλ.

0.3913), the electric flux φ a constant electric field by an area Ais the product of the area A and the field componentperpendicular to the surface: φ = E · nA = EAcosθ = E n A

For a general location­dependent electric field of the flow is given by asurface element dA.

0.3914) The total flow through an arbitrarily shaped closedsurface S is 1 / ε 0 multiplied by the total charge inside the

surface. This is the Gauss's law: Image not availableThe Gauss's law can be used to calculate the electric field of highlysymmetric charge distributions.

0.3915) σ on a surface with the surface charge density of thefield component perpendicular to the surface is discontinuous.She makes a jump σ / ε 0: Image not available

0.3916) A conductor in the electrostatic balance carries theentire electric charge on its surface. The electric field justoutside the conductor is perpendicular to the surface and has thestrength σ / ε 0, where σ the local surface charge density in this

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transmission path for the sound and image signal. The newtransmission for audio and video signal is the spatial level of theoscillating mass­prone energy electrons and holes. A remarkvalues characteristic of these ballistic high­frequency two­dimensional electron mass fraught defect electron energy in avibrating system is that it will bring about a change in thesurrounding dimensional space in the region of its vibrationbeams (the two­dimensional coil). Thus, near the two­dimensional field coils, an energy change in the spatial energyvalues of the surrounding dimensional space. The surrounding usspace is curved due to the dividend are in your Matere andenergy structures with a constant energy value. This curvaturefactor depends on the normal geometric structure, and the normalenergy density of the surrounding space from us (energy andmass density at the sun or a neutron star for comparison). If wechange to a limited region of space, the values of the energydensity, prevail in this small section of the room area otherdimensional spatial conditions, this allows us access to thesimilar parallel Einstein chamber, has a long and Using it for thetransmission of sound and picture signals , I use for thetransmission of sound and picture signals from the transmitter tothe receiver, the energy band of electron orbital masses of 50keV (20 to 300 keV) and the defect electron orbital mass of 50keV (20 to 300 keV) of energy­mass subject vibrational level ofthe modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron ­Defektelektronenenergie.

6. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems III), the inventive method is claimed in claim 1and (0002] characterized by the following features: The lasersystem on the basis of the ballistic electron energy system in alarge 2600 mm long and 55 mm in diameter Nd: YAG crystal isused in the middle of Nd. YAG crystal is a 2 mm hole, performedcontinuously throughout the crystal with a laser through this holeone. metal rod (with a large electric resistance) insertedtherethrough, and both ends, insulating associated with a ballisticalternating current pulse generator, energy type field electron(negative polarity) external to the Nd:. YAG crystal is a thin­walled metal cylinder (2400 mm long and a diameter of 55 mm)made of a metal with high electrical resistance mounted over, attheir ends in each case one electrical terminal was welded, bothends, with a ballistic insulating AC pulse generator of energydefect­field electron (positive polarity), respectively. The metalcylinder is surrounded by a high insulation. We fed laterally fromboth ends of the laser rod to the periphery of the laser rod, pulsedlaser light. At the end of the Nd: YAG crystal is a laser reflectingmirror and at the beginning of the Nd: YAG crystal is a semi­transparent mirror laser. Behind the semitransparent mirror, thelaser power generated laser is coupled into a light conductorcable and brought to the point of application (focusing lens, laserlight collection). In the laser electric voltage of 10 V can becaused by the isolation, be up to 500 KV used. This allows thelaser high­energy photons from 10 eV to 500 keV to use.Application: The transmitted through the optical fiber cable high­energy photons for chip manufacture electronics (prerequisite formass production of semiconductor devices usingphotolithographic method (mask technique) can be used.

7. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternating

point of the conductor.0.3917) The potential difference .phi.b ­ .phi.A is defined as thework done by the electric field of work per unit charge, which isnecessary to bring a test charge from point a to point b (wherethe sign of potential difference and work are opposite):Image not available

For infinitesimal displacements, this is in the form of d.phi = ­E · dIwritten. Since only the differences of potentials are important, but nottheir absolute values, we can choose the zero of potential free. Thepotential at any point is derived from the potential energy of a chargedivided by this charge: Image not availableIn the art and in everyday life, the potential difference is often called avoltage. The SI unit of potential and voltage is the volt (V): 1 V = 1 J /C.The unit of electric field strength is thus: V / m.

0.3918) in atomic and nuclear physics is the most commonlyused unit of energy, the electron volts (eV). This refers to thepotential energy of a particle with charge e at a point at whichthe potential is V 1. The link to the unit joule is: 1 eV = 1.6 × 10­19 J.0.3919) The electrical potential at a distance r from a centrallylocated point charge is q by Image not available described.Here φ 0 is the potential at an infinite distance from the point

charge. Substituting the potential at infinity to zero, we obtain forthe problem caused by the point charge potentialImage not available

For a system of point charges, the potential is by Image not availablegiven. Here is summed over all charges, and R I0 is the distance

between the i­th load of point P, at which the potential is to bedetermined.

0.3920), the electrostatic potential energy of a point chargesystem is the work needed to bring the charges from an infinitedistance to its end position.0.3921) System requirement of dual ballistic two­dimensionalelectron conduction.

When the Lamb shift, ie when the electron and the unoccupied statewith a positive charge, which is manifested by a quasiparticle calleddefect electron or hole. Is the potential energy of this particle ballisticnegative electrons and positive holes of electron orbitals of therespective charge potential of the particle. The link to the unit joule is 1

eV = 1.6 × 10 ­19 J.0.3922) The electric potential at a distance r from a centrallylocated point charge q in the dual ballistic electron conduction isImage not available described. Here, φ 0 the potential charge

at an infinite distance from the point. Substituting the potential atinfinity to zero, we obtain for the problem caused by the pointcharge potential Image not available

For a system of point charges, the potential is by Image not availablegiven. Here is summed over all charges, and R I0 is the distance

between the i­th load of point P, at which the potential is to bedetermined.

0.3923), the electrostatic potential energy of a point chargesystem is the work needed to bring the charges from an infinitedistance to its end position. In turn, the Lamb shift, ie when theelectron and the unoccupied state with a positive charge,fathered by a quasiparticle called defect electron or hole with thecorresponding heavy boxes or heavy particles.0.3924) In a continuous charge distribution.

Does one potential by integrating over the distribution of charge:Image not available

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Page 6: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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current, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems III), the inventive method is claimed in claim 1,8 and characterized by the following features: the two­dimensional electron­hole­ (holes) energy systems for pulse DCcurrent, alternating current and high­frequency, onsuperconductor base: consists of the following systemparameters: a) Electro transformer whose Primäre­ andsecondary winding to ­273 ° C to ­ ° C (is cooled depending onthe kind of the superconductor and insulation) and is maintainedat this temperature. The primary coil is located on an Isolatedspool, the spool is made of enamel­insulated multi­strand copper

wire, high voltage wire cross section Cu Sn 0.75 mm 2 /Operating voltage 3 KV 2 · 284 turns or strand (silicone cable 1core sqmm cross section of 6) Nessler electronics / Giselastraße35 / D 63500 Seligenstadt used). new is the construction of thetransformer core, it consists of a ceramic ferrite core withdifferent ferrite "glass ceramic powder SiO 2 95 to 10% t and

ferrite 5 to 90%, and new is the construction of the ballisticsecondary field electron coil wire or cable. She is one of themany possible types of a two­electron system, the followingexample is constructed: new is the structure of the secondarycoil, the connecting lines of the secondary coil and thesecondary coil is connected to the consumer, they consist of aspecially constructed superconductor. Superconductor carriermedium wall tubes of silver tube (drawing no. 11, pos 124 and134 , Diameter 1 cm), covered with plastictieftemperaturtauglichem (drawing no. 11, pos 125 and 133 )(Wall thickness of the high­voltage insulation 2 cm), thisinsulation is a copper braid (drawing no. 11, pos 126 and 132 ),That of a thin copper strip (drawing no. 11, pos 123 and 131 ) Issurrounded, copper strip is over this in turn atieftemperaturtauglichem plastic insulation (drawing no. 11, pos122 and 130 ), With a wall thickness of 1 cm), above which is athermal insulation (drawing no. 11, pos 121 and 129 ), With awall thickness of 1 cm). The overall diameter of thesuperconductor carrier tube is 9 cm. In the two equally longsuperconductor support tubes 1 each or 10 HTS superconductingwires (drawing no. 11, pos 135 and 136 ; the case of atemperature of 4.2 K near absolute zero Trithor­wire has a currentof more than 260 amps. The magnetic flux density was thenincreased to 42 Tesla, which still remained a current of 80amperes. This is very impressive for a band conductor with a

cross section of only 0.674 mm 2 "of Trithor GmbH;Heisenbergstr 16; 53359 Rhine river; Germany; www.trithor.comContact:. [email protected], fed (used the material TT ­gold ....TT BSCCO HTS WIRES of Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr 16;..53359 Rhine river) for activation of the two­dimensional electronstate of the superconducting pair, ie the secondary winding, ahigh DC voltage to the terminals on the two­dimensional linehalves a (superconductor negative polarity, drawing no. 11, pos135 ) And b (superconductor positive polarity, drawing no. 11,pos 136 ) Used; (The superconductor is from [Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O

8 (Bi­2212) or of (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 (Bi­2223) or from

the material TT TT gold BSCCO manufactured 53359Rheinbach); HTS WIRES of Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr 16..For this I use a DC power supply units of F. u. G. ElektronikGmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energyI use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keV electron energy I use the

This expression can be used only if the charge distribution within afinite volume V is such that the potential at infinity is zero can be set.

0.3925) The electric field pointing in the direction of the greatestdecrease of the potential. The component of E in the direction ofa shift dλ is related to the potential across Image not availabletogether. Of the vector pointing in the direction of the largestchange of a scalar function and whose size is equal to thederivative of the function in this direction is called the gradient ofthe function. The electric field E is the negative gradient of thepotential φ. In vector notation this is written as ∇φ gradient,wherein the gradient operator ∇ is often referred to as Del. Sothere exists the electric field: E = ­∇φ.

In a spherically symmetric charge distribution, the potential varies onlyby r, and the electric field is related to the potential acrossImage not available together. In Cartesian coordinates the followingapplies: is Image not available

0.3926) By gradient is transferred to a scalar to a vector. Thescalar product of the nabla operator with a vector is calleddivergence.

The divergence of a vector makes a scalar: Image not availableThe divergence of the electric field of a continuous charge distribution ρisImage not availableThis equation is also known Poisson equation. The intuitiveinterpretation of divergence is the one source from which emanates thefield. When the electric field is ρ / ε 0 is the strength of the source. In

the context of the potential and charge distribution applies:Image not availableIt is Image not available the so­called Laplace operator.Using the Poisson equation, we can write the Gaussian law forcontinuous charge distributions asImage not availableThe expressed by this equation relationship between the surfaceintegral on the left and the volume integral on the right side of theequation is known as Divergence theorem.

0.3927) on a conductor of arbitrary shape is the surface chargedensity σ in points with the smallest radius of curvature isgreatest.0.3928) A director can only charge up to a maximum fieldstrength. Thereafter, a discharge occurs through a dielectricbreakdown. In air, these critical electric field strength is about E

max ≈ 3 × 10 6 V / m = 3 MV / m.

The electric field strength at which dielectric breakdown occurs in amaterial's dielectric strength of the material. The resulting discharge byconducting air is called spark discharge.

0.3929) Ballistic electron­conduction and capacitorCapacitors are used to store electrical charge and energy. The samealso applies to a dual electron ballistic conduction. They consist of twoconducting surfaces that are isolated from each other and have thesame negative or positive charge Q. The capacity is obtained bydividing this by the charge Q located between the conductors voltageU: C = Q: UThe capacity depends only on the shape of the capacitor, but not by thevoltage or potential difference.

0.3930) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, the sameis true for dual ballistic electron conduction, it is proportional tothe area of the (equal) plates and inversely proportional to thedistance between the plates: C = ε 0 A: s

The capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor (dual ballistic electron

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Page 7: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA. The metallic envelope and the silver core superconductoracting as carriers for the electron and hole­currents of differentfrequencies (Pulsed DC, AC and high frequency). Thesuperconductor is cooled by a cooling device to the requiredtemperature of the superconductor and keeps the whole systemto that temperature. Increase in mass of the electron and positivehole at applied electric field strengths of the two­dimensionalwiring layers a and b. The particular state of the 2DES­line isdescribed. It is generated by applying a large electric fieldstrengths of about 1 to 1000 kV / cm at the ballistic­dimensionalline. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage to theelectrostatic 2DES line, ie on the wiring layer b and a. Theseelectron orbital displacement of the electrons b to the wiring layera, leaves in the valence band of the wiring layer b an unoccupiedstate with a positive charge formed by a quasi­particles, calleddefect electron or hole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­keis from the valence band of the wiring layer described , Theelectrons and the holes are accelerated by an accelerationground level to the level of the negative and positive voltagepotential by acting on the two­dimensional line very high positiveand negative voltage potentials. This acceleration is manifestedas corresponding increase in mass of the electron and theelectron holes, each orbital mass. The ballistic ballistic windingand the transformer are cooled with liquid nitrogen or liquidhelium.

8. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, high frequency and the artificial gravity (Ballistic EnergySystems III), the inventive method according to claim 1 andcharacterized by the following features: A simple (utility model II)high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electronholes (holes) energy systems that were prepared according tothe method of the invention. This method of the invention is thata transformer (may also be a HF transformer), whose two­dimensional secondary coil, a DC high voltage (DC voltage of 20or 50 kV or higher DC voltage) to the two­dimensional secondarycoil layers a and b of the secondary coils (A coaxial high voltagecable) is applied and the primary coil is supplied by a pulsegenerator or RF generator with energy. The high­frequency modeltwo­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systemsfrom 50 to 450 kHz. As a main ingredient I use a AXIO RFgenerator 10/450 T / Desktop AXIO 10/450 ­ power 10 KW;Output frequency 50­450 kHz (HÜTTINGER Elektronik GmbH +Co. KG Elsässerstrasse 8 79110 [email protected]/www.huettinger.com the outputtransformer I change this way: "The primers in the winding takesthe fed 1­10 KW power on , the ferrite core of the High­frequencyoutput transformer and the secondary coil is gestallte that thesecondary coil winding space as large as possible for the 8 mmmeasured by high­voltage cables by Lemo ­. Elektronik GmbH,Hans­Schwindt­Str 6/81829 München/[email protected], .. Part­no /Order No. 201340 / Conductor resistance / conductor resistance56.1 ohm meter, Operatig voltage ­ Operating voltage 50 KV(testing voltage 75 KV) Inner conductor inner conductor CuSn

0.76 mm ∅ = 0.45 mm 2 with 4 Amper steadfast, "aufweißt. Foractivation of the two­dimensional electron state of the coil wire ofthe secondary winding, a high DC voltage to the terminals of thetwo­dimensional line halves a and b of the coil wire (shield andinner conductor of the power cable) connected to this DC power

conduction (2DES) is given by: Image not available where λ, thelength of the capacitor (dual ballistic electron line), and a and b is theradius of the inner and outer conductor.

0.3931) an insulator, that is, an electrically non­conductivematerial is referred to as dielectric. Leads to a dielectric in acapacitor, a dual ballistic electron field­line (2DES), then thecharge distribution of the atoms and molecules of the dielectricchanges in the electric field inside the capacitor. This effect iscalled polarization, two forms can be distinguished: theorientation polarization in which the existing polar moleculesrotate in the field direction, and the displacement polarization inwhich the external field causes a shift of the charge centers ofelectrons and atomic nucleus in each atom. By a polarizationfield E builds up in the dielectric which the external field E issuperimposed 0 and this weakens; E applies:

Image not available where ε r is called the dielectric constant.

The weakening of the field leads to an increase in capacity by afactor of ε r: C = ε r C 0,

C 0 denotes the capacitance without the dielectric. The dielectric

constant or permittivity of matter is defined as ε = ε r · ε 0thAbout the increase in capacity addition dielectrics still perform otherfunctions. They serve as a physical spacer and, importantly, increasethe dielectric strength of the capacitor (ballistic electron conduction).

0.3932) The electrical energy in a capacitor (dual ballisticelectron line = 2DES) with the charge Q, the potential differenceU and the capacitance C is given by: Image not available

This energy is stored in the electric field. The electrical energy densityis:Image not available

0.3933) In the parallel connection of capacitors, the capacity toadd: Ers C = C 1 + C 2 + C 3 + ...

In the series connection of capacitors, the reciprocals of the individualcapacitances add; for the reciprocal of the equivalent capacitance ofthe following applies: Image not available

0.3934) Electric current in the system requirement of dualballistic conduction (2DES) in the Lamb shift, ie when theelectron and the unoccupied state with a positive charge, by aquasiparticle called defect electron or hole.0.3935) Electric current is caused by moving charges.

The electric current is defined as the charge per time interval by acertain cross­sectional area of flow (two­dimensional flows of theballistic electron­conduction part a and the hole­conducting part b.The conventional direction of current in one­dimensional electronsystem is in the direction of flow of positive charge carriers.The conventional current direction in a two­dimensional electron systemshows in flow direction ballistic lack of electrons and holes. In aballistic electron­conduction become an electric dual mass­pronecurrents and voltages.Field quanta of gravityThe voltage poles of the ballistic electron­conduction radiate fieldquanta of gravity.

0.3936), the electrical resistance of the ballistic electron­conduction

The electrical resistance of the ballistic electron conduction (2DES) isthe quotient of voltage, current, and height of the ballistic field energy.In most metals, the resistance is independent of the current and voltageconstant.This is the statement of Ohm's law: U = I / R.Materials that obey this law are called ohmic resistances. Thereciprocal value of the resistance means conductance G = 1 / R.

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Page 8: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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supply I use a Power Supply Company F. u. G. ElektronikGmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energyI use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keV electron energy I use thetype: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA. The same DC power supply is used for the ballistic coil,for the connecting line. For feeding the high DC voltage to theshield and the inner conductor of the power cable and theconnections I used used as two­dimensional coil to the two­dimensional consumers the high voltage connectors and highvoltage bushings to 100 KV of F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH,Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de

9. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, radio frequency and the artificial gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems III), the inventive method is in accordance withclaim 1 and characterized by the following features: The ballistictwo­dimensional electron­hole­energy systems for the generationof gravitational magnetic energy, according to at least one of thepreceding claims, characterized in that: I (Utility Model II) Thisdemonstrates the energy generated in the generator ortransformer ballistically, that is, in the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy in different frequency ranges.

10. The two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in the energy of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, high frequency and the artificial gravity (Ballistic EnergySystems III), the inventive method according to claim 1 andcharacterized by the following features: The the from the ballisticdual secondary coil of the transformer, the field­electron energysystem in Pulsed DC area or in the AC range or delivered in thehigh frequency range voltage has the following nature: "Ballisticcapacitor voltage of 0.001­20 KV, 50 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV, 150KV, 200 KV, 250 KV, 300 KV , 350 KV, 400 KV and 500 KV ofthe two­dimensional field­electron hole energy to the voltagepotential of 0.001­20 KeV, 50 KeV, 80 KeV, 100 KeV, 150 KeV,200 KeV, 250 KeV, 300 KeV, 350 KeV, 400 KeV and 500 KeVthe property of a ballistic negative and positive high­tensioncapacitor voltage of 0.001­20 KV, 50 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV, 150KV, 200 KV, 250 KV, 300 KV, 350 KV, 400 KV and 500 KV ( Theterminal 1 of the negative high­strung ballistic voltage with thepolarity of the electrons due to a lack of 0.001­20 keV, 50 keV,80 keV, 100 keV, 150 keV, 200 keV, 250 keV, 300 keV, 350keV, 400 keV and 500 keV and has the terminal 2 of the negativehigh­strung ballistic voltage with the polarity of the electronexcess of 0.001­20 keV, 50 keV, 80 keV, 100 keV, 150 keV, 200keV, 250 keV, 300 keV, 350 keV, 400 keV and 500 KeV) and thenature of the positive high­strung holes potential (pole of thenegative high­strung ballistic voltage with the polarity of thedefect electron deficiency of 0.001­20 keV, 50 keV, 80 keV, 100keV, 150 keV, 200 keV, 250 keV, 300 keV, 350 keV, 400 keVand 500 keV, and as the pole of the negative high­strung ballisticvoltage with the polarity of the defect electron excess of 0.001­20 keV, 50 keV, 80 keV, 100 keV, 150 keV, 200 keV, 250 keV,300 keV, 350 keV, 400 keV and 500 keV has ".

The resistance of a wire is proportional to its length and inverselyproportional to its cross­sectional area: R = P = I: A wherein ρ thespecific resistance of the material referred to. The reciprocal ofresistivity is conductivity σ: σ = 1: p

0.3937) In general, vectorial form is Ohm's law: j =.SIGMA..sub.e, where J is the current density, defined as thepower per area is.0.3938) The electrical power in an electrical component

The electrical power in an electrical component is calculated as theproduct of voltage drop and current: P = IU.Power sources supplying electric circuits with energy. The power,which applies a voltage source, the product of voltage and currentsource is: P = U Q I.

The power that is converted into heat in a resistor is: P = IU = I 2 R =

U 2 / RIn an ideal voltage source, the terminal voltage is independent of thecurrent intensity equal to the source voltage. In a real voltage sourcethat is not the case. They can be as a series circuit of an ideal voltagesource and a small resistance, the internal resistance, circumspect.

0.3939), the equivalent resistance of a series circuit of resistorsis equal to the sum of the individual resistances: ERS R = R 1 +

R 2 + R 3 + ... resistors in series.

In the parallel connection of resistors is the reciprocal value of theequivalent resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocal values of theindividual resistors: Image not available

0.3940) in the microscopic model of the ballistic electron­conduction

On a microscopic model of ballistic electron conduction (2DES). Thesystem requirements for a dual ballistic two­dimensional electronconduction is the electron orbital shift from line part b to line part a. Thesmall drift velocity v d between the conductive layers a and b is

determined by the amount of insulation between the conductive layers aand b, it forms the electrical field strength E and unoccupied state witha positive charge, by a quasiparticle called defect electron or hole­fieldstrength v d = μE.

0.3941) Kirchhoff's laws are:Node Rule: The sum of all currents hinfließen to a node is equal to thesum of the currents which flow away from that node. Mesh Rule: Whengoing through a mesh (ie a closed loop) in a random amount ofcirculation is the sum of all voltages equal to zero.

0.3942) circuits with many loops are analyzed according to thefollowing scheme:a) Work for circuits with several one behind or resistorsconnected in parallel with the equivalent resistances.b) Select. a certain flow direction for the entire circuit and draw adiagram in each branch of the corresponding current directionMark on each component (voltage source, resistor or capacitor)the side of higher potential by a plus sign and the correspondingside of lower potential by a minus sign.c on) Apply power to each branch point, the node rule.d) Apply to as many times as it is necessary to calculate theloop rule to all streams (with n inner loops so at least n times).e) Loosen the results from points 3 and 4 equations, anddetermine in this way all the unknowns.f) Check the results in that a point of the circuit is assigned tozero the potential and the calculated values of the currents areused to determine the potentials at different points of the circuit.0.3943) Complex circuits can often be simplified by symmetryconsiderations. Points that are at the same potential, you canconnect a simplified diagram of one another.

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0.3944) When a capacitor discharged through a resistor, the charge and the discharge current increasingexponentially with time. The time constant τ = RC is the time in which the charge has fallen to the e­th partof its initial value. A capacitor charged through a resistor, the charge current again increases exponentiallywith time, and after the period of time τ = RC, the charge on the capacitor 63 percent of its final value hasbeen reached.0.3945) A galvanometer is a device for measuring small currents, the pointer deflection of the galvanometeris proportional to the current flowing therethrough. An ammeter is also suitable for measuring larger currents.It consists of a galvanometer and a resistor connected in parallel thereto, the so­called shunt resistor. Formeasuring the current through a resistor, the ammeter must be connected in series to this resistor. Sincethe internal resistance of the ammeter is very small, the measurement is only slightly distorted. A voltmeteris used to measure potential differences. It is composed of a galvanometer and a large resistanceconnected in series therewith. The voltage drop across a resistance shall be measured by the voltmeterconnected to the resistor in parallel. Due to the high internal resistance of the voltmeter to the error in thevoltage measurement is very small. Using an ohmmeter, measure resistance. It consists of a voltagesource, a galvanometer and a resistor, which are all connected in series.0.3946) When the system requirement of dual ballistic electron field­line

In the system requirement of the dual ballistic field electron­line, in which Lamb shift arising in the different wiringlayers, electron and a positive hole (that is the unoccupied state of an electron with a positive charge formed by aquasi­particles, called defect electron or hole). By magnetic induction, these charge carriers are moved.

0.3947) Moving charges interact with each other by magnetic fields and virtual atomic fields. Since currentsnothing more than moving charges, they exert on each other, magnetic forces and virtual atomic forces.They may be defined, by assuming that a moving charge or a current generating a magnetic field and avirtual atomic core fields and this then interact with other moving charges or currents with each other.Magnetic fields and the virtual atomic fields are always caused by moving two­dimensional loads.0.3948) Moves a charge in magnetic field

A charge q moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B, then acting on them, the so­called Lorentz force: F = qv ×BThe strength of a magnetic field on a current­carrying dual ballistic electron field­line (2DES) is given by dF = Idλ ×BHere, λ is a vector having the length of the dual ballistic electron field­line (2DES) and shows the current direction.The SI unit of the magnetic field B is the Tesla (T). An older, but still common unit is the Gauss which one

converts as follows in Tesla: = 10 4 G.0.3949) A particle of charge q and mass m that moves perpendicular to a magnetic field B, describes acircular path whose radius by Image not available is given. The orbital period T is independent of theorbital radius and the particle velocity. The rotational frequency 1 / T is referred to as cyclotron frequency:Image not available0.3950) A speed filter consists of a magnetic field and an electric field. The fields are perpendicular to eachother (also referred to as crossed fields), and their force action compensates for particles with velocity v = E/ B.0.3951), the ratio of charge to mass (q / m) of an ion known velocity can be determined by measuring itsorbital radius in a known magnetic field determined (mass spectrometry).0.3952) A conductor loop can be in a magnetic field, a magnetic (dipole) and gravitational dipoles.

A conductor loop in a magnetic field can be a magnetic (dipole) moment m m attribute: m m = n NIA, where N is

the number of turns, A is the loop area, I is the current, and n is the normal vector of the surface. In such a dipolein a magnetic field acts a torque M = m × m B, which attempts the magnetic moment (and the gravitational dipoles)

of the dual ballistic electron energy line (2DES) align parallel to the field. Although a homogeneous magnetic fieldexerts a torque, but no net force on a dual ballistic electron conductor loop.

0.3953) On a bar magnet in a magnetic field acts also a torque.By the relationship M = M m × B can define the magnetic moment of the bar magnet on the experimentally

determined torque. The pole strength P of the bar magnet is defined by the force acting on each of the poles: P = F· B. The pole strength of the North Pole is positive, the negative of the South Pole. Pressing the magnetic momentof the pole strength, we obtain m m = | P | λ, with λ the vector connecting between north and south poles is.

0.3954) Bring to a current­carrying metal strip in a magnetic field, the Lorentz force leads to a separation ofthe charge carriers. This effect is called Hall effect. The separation of the charge carrier generates ameasurable potential difference is referred to as the Hall voltage: Image not available

Here, v d is the drift velocity of the charge carriers, the magnetic field 8, b is the width of the conductor, d is the

thickness of the conductor n, the carrier density, q is the charge and A H = 1 / nq known as the Hall coefficient.

One can determine the sign of the charge carriers in a conductor, its density as well as the conductivity and theelectron mobility of the material by means of the Hall effect.At very low temperatures and high magnetic field strengths of the Hall resistance is quantized and only the values

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Image not available accept, where n is an integer and R K Von Klitzing constant RK = the value of h: e has 2 ≈

25812.807 Ω.0.3955) Moves a charge q with velocity v in a ballistic two­dimensional line.

A charge q moves with velocity v in a ballistic two­dimensional line (2DES), it generates a gravitational­field whichis given at a point P at a distance r from the following relationship: Image not availableHere, r / r is a unit vector pointing from the charge to the receptor point, and μ 0 is the so­called gravitational­

magnetic field constant.

It has the amount μ 0 = 4π × 10 ­7 T · m / A = 4π × 10 ­7 N / A. 2

0.3956) for the gravitational­magnetic dB at a distance r from a current element I dλ applies:Image not available

This relationship is called Biot Savart­law. The gravitational­magnetic field forms with both the current element andthe connecting vector r from the current element to the receptor point a right angle.

0.3957) The power to exercise the two moving charges by their gravitational­magnetic fields hurt each other,not Newton's third law (action = reaction), which means that the momentum is conserved in thisZweiteilchensystem. Taking, however, the pulse of the electrical and gravitational­magnetic field in theanalysis are included, the total momentum of the system of the two charges and these fields remains verywell preserved.0.3958) The gravitational field on the axis of an annular current­carrying dual ballistic electron energyconductor (that is, a circuit current) is given by Image not available where e x is a unit vector in the

direction of the axis of the ring. Long way from the ring above the magnetic field and the gravitational fieldabove into the field of a dipole is about: Image not available where m is the magnetic dipole moment mand the gravitational dipole moment (or the magnetic and gravitational torque) of the ring. The magnetic andgravitational torque is the product of current strength and cross­sectional area of the ring and standsvertically according to the right hand rule to the ring.0.3959), the magnetic field and the gravitational field inside a long ballistic electron coil, far away from theirends, has the amount B = is μ 0 nI, where n is the Windungszahldichte (number of turns per length) of the

ballistic electron coil ,0.3960), the magnetic field and the gravitational field of a current carrying ballistic electron conductor portion(2DES) is Image not available where R is the perpendicular distance of the reference point to the dualballistic electron field line. θ 1 and θ 2 are the angles between the precipitated from the point on that dual

ballistic electron field­line solder and the lines connecting the two ends of the dual ballistic electron field­lineIs the head piece very long, so goes the above expression into Image not availableThe direction of the field lines is indicated by the curved fingers of the right hand when the thumb points in thedirection of the current.

0.3961), the magnetic field, the gravitational field inside a tightly wound ballistic electrons dual toroid has theamount Image not available where r is the distance from the center of the dual ballistic electron ring tube(diameter of the ballistic conduction).1.2199) One ampere is defined as the current at the two parallel, crossed by the same conductor at a

distance of one meter a force of 2 10 ­7 N / m exert on each other.0.3962) The Ampère law linking the integral of the tangential component of the magnetic field and thegravitational field along a closed curve C with the entire current I C which passes through the area bounded

by this curve area: ∫B · dI = μ 0 I C for an arbitrary closed curve C. The Ampère law is valid only for closed

circuits. It can then be used to calculate the magnetic field and the gravitational field if the consideredarrangement has a high degree of symmetry, such as tightly wound ring or cylinder coils or ballistic coil(2DES).0.3963) The rotation of a vector a is defined as the vector product of the nabla operator with a:Image not available0.3964) one forms the rotation of the magnetic field B and the gravitational field B of a current­carryingconductor, we obtain red B = μ 0 j.

This equation, which is often referred to as the differential form of Ampere's Law denotes power, especially clearthat the source of the magnetic field B and B of the gravitational field, a current density is j. The integral form ofAmpere's law can with red B = μ 0 j transform and then receives a new relationship: Image not available

Purely formal terms, this equation is a method of how to convert a line integral to an integral over the areaenclosed by the line area. This mathematical method is known as Stokes' integral theorem.

0.3965) In the case of a homogeneous magnetic field and gravitational field, the magnetic and and holesflow φ m by a coil is the product of the coil area A and the portion B n of the magnetic field and the hole­field

that is perpendicular to the coil plane. Generally applicable to a coil with N turns Image not available

The SI unit of magnetic and defect electron flow is the Weber: 1 Wb = 1 T · m 2.

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0.3966) Where the magnetic and the defect electrons flow through a conductor loop, a voltage U isgenerated. The magnitude of this induced voltage is obtained by using Faraday's law Image not available

The induced voltage corresponds to a non­conservative electric field E and the hole­field which is tangential to theconductor. Is integrated over the entire length λ of the conductor, that is on the closed curve C.The induced voltage and the resulting induced current act contrary to their cause. This statement is also calledLenz's Law.

.3967) In a conductive dual ballistic electrons line (2DES), the length λ, of v moves with the velocityperpendicular to a magnetic field B and simultaneously through a Pionischenfeld is induced by themovement of a voltage. It has the amount Image not available0.3968) circulating currents which are generated in a dual ballistic electron­line due to a magnetic fluxchange, and the electron holes are referred to as eddy currents.0.3969) in a coil ω the angular velocity rotates in a magnetic field in a hole­field results in a change ofvoltage ballistic type U = U max sin (.omega.t + δ), where U max = NBAω is the amplitude of the voltage.

0.3970) The magnetic and defect electrons flow through a circuit is proportional to the current I: φ m = LI

wherein L is called the self, of the circle. They only depend on the geometry. The SI unit of inductance is

the Henry (H): 1 H = 1 Wb / A = 1 T · m 2 / A.The self­inductance of a long, tightly coiledThe self­inductance of a long, tightly wound coil of length λ, cross­sectional area A and Windungszahldichte n = N/ λ is: Image not availableLocated in the vicinity of this circuit, another circuit that is carrying a current I 2, then come to the existing flow of

proportion φ m = MI 2 added. The size of M is called mutual inductance and depends only on geometrical factors.

0.3971) Changes the current in a circuit, then a voltage Image not available induced.In an LR circuit in which a resistor R, an inductor L and a voltage source of the voltage U 0 are connected in

series, the current requires a certain period of time after switching on, to achieve the maximum strength. Initially nocurrent flows, the current is at time t Image not available wherein τ = L / R is called the time constant of thecircuit.

0.3972) in a coil carrying a current I, we, the energy Image not available stored. The energy is in themagnetic field and in the defect electron field which generates the coil. In general, the energy density of themagnetic field and the electron field defect is characterized by Image not available given.0.3973) All materials can be according to their behavior in magnetic fields and electron holes in fields, para,in the six main categories, ferromagnetic, diamagnetic and paramagnetic in, ferro­, divided diapionisch; andthere is yet the substance classes of ferrite and antiferromagnetic materials.0.3974) A defect electron energy­treated material

A magnetized and a hole­treated material is described by its magnetization vector, and by its positive hole vectorM, which is defined as the resultant magnetic and holes dipole moment per unit volume of the material: M = dm mdVThe magnetic field and holes fields, a homogeneously magnetized and defective electron­based cylindercorresponds to the field that would produce the cylinder when rafts on the surface thereof, a current I per unitlength, which generates the magnetization M and the Pionisierung. This surface current is called Ampèreschercurrent.

Looking 0.3975) was a long cylinder of magnetic and defect­electron­based material that goes into acylindrical coil with the Windungszahldichte n (turns per unit length), through which a current I flows. Due tothe current in the windings and the magnetized and pionischesierten material, the resulting magnetic fieldand electron holes field results within the coil (far enough away from their ends) to B = B 0 + μ 0 M = μ 0 (H

+ M), for the applied field applies: B 0 = μ 0 H = μ 0 nI.

For paramagnetic and ferromagnetic and paramagnetic, ferromagnetic defective electronic materials show themagnetization and the Gravonisierung M and the field strength H of the external magnetic field and the defectelectrons in the same direction; for diamagnetic materials are M and H opposite.

0.3976) in the para, para and diamagnetic, diapionisierten materials, the magnetization M and the defectiveelectron­based proportional to the magnetizing magnetic field H and defective electron­based: M = χ m H,

wherein m χ is the magnetic susceptibility and the defective electron­based. For paramagnetic and for

defective electron­based materials assumes χ m small positive values and depends on the temperature.

Diamagnetic and Diapionische materials also have small negative values, however, χ m here regardless of

the temperature.For superconductors χ m = ­1 applies. In ferromagnetic materials, the magnetization depends not only on the

external field H, but also on the composition of the material.0.3977) The magnetic moment of a particle of charge q and mass m is associated with its angularmomentum L by Image not available in which Image not available a practical unit is to express the

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angular momentum of electrons and atoms. The fundamental constant h = 6.63 × 10 ­34 J · s is calledPlanck's constant. Magnetic moments of electrons and atoms pressing Conveniently, in units of the Bohrmagneton μ B: Image not available

The magnetic moment of an electron is a Bohr magneton, the magnetic moment of an atom is in the order of a fewBohr magneton.

0.3978) Paramagnetic and defective electron­based materials have permanent magnetic and gravitationalmoments whose orientations are randomly distributed without external magnetic fields and parapionischen inall directions. In an external magnetic field and electron holes some dipoles are aligned. The degree oforientation is small, except in the case of very strong magnetic field and electron holes and very lowtemperature. At room temperature, the random orientation is maintained by the thermal motion.

In weak fields the magnetization and Defektelektronensierung is proportional to the external field, and it is the lawCuriesche Image not available wherein M s is the magnetization and Sättigungspionisierung and k B is the

Boltzmann constant.0.3979) Ferromagnetic and defective electron­based materials have small areas called Weiss' districts inwhich the magnetic moments and parapionische are already aligned. In unmagnetized state andunpionischen show the magnetic and the hole­catalyzed White shear districts so that they cancel indifferent directions, in the mean to each other. In magnetized and ballistic state, these areas are orientedand produce a very strong gravitational­field.0.3980) Does the magnetic field and electron holes of a ferromagnetic­hole­material to the magnetizing fieldand hole­in one, we obtain a hysteresis curve. Show on the so­called initial magnetization curve M and H inthe same direction, and the magnetic susceptibility χ m and holes can be defined in a similar way as for

para­ and diamagnetic materials and holes in this area for ferromagnetic materials and ferropionischen. In acylindrical coil, the magnetic field and electron holes field is within a ferromagnetic­pionic material to B = μ 0(H + M) = μ 0 (H + χ m H) = μ 0 (1 + χ m) H, or B = uH wherein μ = (1 + χ m) μ 0 is the permeability of the

material. The relative permeability μ r is a dimensionless quantity that is defined as the ratio of permeability

for magnetic­field constant pionic: Image not availableFor ferromagnetic materials­defektelektronenischen the maximum value of μ r is much larger than one.

0.3981) In diamagnetic materials, all atoms have completed electron shells.In diamagnetic materials, all atoms have closed electron shells, so that all atomic magnetic moments cancel eachother out. By an external field small magnetic moments are induced which are directed opposite to the externalfield. This effect is independent of temperature. Superconductors are diamagnetic and have a susceptibility of ­1.

0.3982) AC circuitsThe effective value of an alternating current is that current that would have a direct current to attend a resistor toachieve the same average power as the AC. The rms value of the current is the rms currentImage not availableFor sinusoidal AC currents of the form I = I 0 cosωt is the effective current I eff = 0: √2

Here, I 0 is the peak value (the maximum) of the current. The average power is proposed in an ohmic dual ballistic

resistance, Image not availableThis means U 0 the rms over the dual ballistic resistance R deteriorating voltage U eff = U 0 / √2.

0.3983) When a coil of inductance L are current and shifted drop across the coil voltage by 90 ° = π / 2, thevoltage lags the current by 90 °. Their effective values are related by Image not available where X L is the

inductive reactance: X L = wL.

In a capacitor of capacitance C of the current in the voltage by 90 ° = π / 2 is ahead. The following applies: I = Uc:Xc where X C is the capacitive reactance: X C = 1: ωC

In a dual ballistic electron coil (2DES) and as well as in a capacitor, a reactance is provided. Reactances are givenin ohms.

0.3984) A graphical tool to identify interactions voltages and currents and their phase shifts provides thevector diagram. For displaying the current and on the individual components of the circuit (dual ballisticresistors, coils, capacitors) falling voltage is used analogously to the so­called vectors. Pointer, the currentwith the angular frequency ω of the AC rotating counterclockwise. ­ The current is represented by a pointerI. The voltage across the ohmic resistor (U R) is connected to the current I in phase. Accordingly, the vector

U R I and point in the same direction, while the vector U L, which represents the voltage across the coil, is

drawn at an angle of 90 ° counterclockwise (as the voltage lags the current by 90 °). The vector U C for the

voltage drop across the capacitor voltage also forms a right angle with I, but it clockwise relative to thepointer I turned (the voltage drop across the capacitor runs the electricity). The length of the pointerrepresents the respective peak values; the x­component of the pointer indicates the instantaneous values ofthe voltages and the current to the considered instant.0.3985) Unloads a capacitor through a coil to oscillate charge and voltage of the capacitor with the angular

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frequency ω 0 = 0 = 1 2πv: √LC

The frequency v 0 is the natural frequency of this LC resonant circuit. The current has the same frequency,

precedes the voltage by π / 2 = 90 °. The electrostatic potential energy of the capacitor is converted into theenergy of the magnetic field and the energy of the pionic field of the coil and vice versa, the total energy remainsconstant. Such a LC­circuit can be described as a harmonic oscillator undamped. If the circuit is not withoutresistance, the vibrations are damped, since the resistance energy is converted into Joule heat.

0.3986) Is an LCR series resonant circuit connected to the terminals of an AC voltage source, the systemis an oscillation with angular frequency ω of the exciting alternating voltage U = U 0 cosωt imposed. The

current Image not available is phase­shifted with respect to the exciting voltage by δ. For δ holds: tandelta = X L ­ X C: R

The quantity Z is the impedance of the circuit, Z = √R 2 + (X L ­ X C)The average power, which converts such a resonant circuit in Joule heat output is frequency dependent. She is<P> = U eff eff I cosδ, with cosδ is called the power factor. Is the excitation frequency equal to the resonance

frequency, resonance occurs. The resonance frequency is close to the natural frequencyImage not availableAt the resonant frequency the phase shift δ is equal to zero, the power factor equal to one, inductive andcapacitive reactance of equal size and thus the impedance Z equal to the ohmic resistance R.

0.3987) The width of the resonance is characterized by the quality factor Q. Q is defined byImage not available

If the resonance is sufficiently small, then we can write approximately: Image not available where .DELTA.v interms of bandwidth.

0.3988) A transformer is used for nearly lossless conversion of alternating currents (or dual 2DES currents)of predetermined voltage to any desired voltage value. The primary development has N 1 turns and the

secondary winding N 2 turns, so sufficient primary and secondary voltage of the relationship

Image not available0.3989) A diode can pass electric current in only one direction. One can use diodes to generate AC voltagefrom DC voltage. This is known as rectification.0.3990) In a triode has a small change in grid voltage large changes in the anode current result. One cantake advantage of this to amplify electric signals.0.3991) Maxwell's equations0.39911) The Ampère law can be generalized to intermittent streams by the line current I is replaced by v I +

I. I v therein is the Maxwell displacement current flowing through Image not available is defined.

0.39912) The laws of electricity, magnetism and the virtual defect electrons fields.The laws of electricity, magnetism and the virtual hole­fields can be summarized in Maxwell's equations. In itsintegral form, they are: Image not available [Magnetism (magnetic monopole does not exist, virtual hole­filled)]Image not available

0.39913) Maxwell's equations can alternatively be written in a differential form: Image not available0.39914) From Maxwell's equations for the source­free space can be wave equations of the formImage not available derived, which Image not available the propagation velocity of the wave. The factthat this speed coincides with the speed of light, Maxwell concluded logical that light is an electromagneticwave. According to the the gravitational­magnetic field must also be an electromagnetic wave, but of ahigher frequency.0.3992) in an electromagnetic wave and virtual defect electrons, the E and B­field vectors are both eachother and on the propagation speed of the wave vertical. The following applies: E = cB.0.39921) Electromagnetic waves and virtual defect electron wave carry energy and momentum. Theaverage energy density of an electromagnetic wave Image not available

The intensity of the wave is given by Image not available where S is the Poynting vector is; it indicates thedirection of the energy flow: Image not available

0.39922) The pulse of an electromagnetic wave and the virtual fault electron wave is given by their energyW, divided by the speed of light c: Image not available

The radiation pressure of an electromagnetic and virtual defect electron wave is defined as:Image not availableMeets a shaft perpendicular to a surface and is completely absorbed, corresponding to the pressure applied to thesurface of the radiation pressure of the pressure wave. Perpendicular to the longitudinal wave and reflected, thepressure is twice as large as the radiation pressure.

0.39923) of electromagnetic waves and radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, light, X­radiation orgamma radiation, the virtual pions wave occur in the form of gravitational waves. The different types ofradiation differ only by their frequency or their wavelength, which Image not available related.0.39924) Electromagnetic waves and virtual defect electron wave generated by accelerated charges.

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Oscillating radiate electromagnetic waves virtual gravitational waves.0.3993) Electrical conduction mechanism

The first observations on the mechanism of the electric current, we use a simple scheme of electricity passingthrough solid conductors, especially by metals: The moving in the conductor free electrons move under theinfluence of the electric field strength except with their irregular proper motion even with velocity v in direction ofthe electric field strength E. The speed of the electric field strength E v is directly proportional. For basicconsideration of the metallic pipe, this idea is sufficient, in which the existence of the free electrons is consideredto be given. We now want to expand in order to describe the conduction mechanism in layered bodies (radioactivesecondary winding) can.

0.39931) band modelEnergy values of the individual atom. For a more detailed description of the conduction mechanism, first thestructure of atoms to be considered again. According to the classical Bohr model, move around the nucleus anumber of electrons in circular and elliptical orbits, the nucleus is the center of the circles or focus of an ellipse.The positive nucleus surrounded by so many negative electrons that the effect of the positive charge of thenucleus is being lifted by the total charge of all electrons and thus the atom is working towards neutral to theoutside. Essential for the further consideration is that the electrons can orbit the nucleus only in certain orbits(shells). According to its velocity (kinetic energy) and its distance from the nucleus (potential energy) the electronhas a characteristic for each lane, constant total energy; it is smallest near the nucleus and reaches its maximumvalue for the orbiting electron in the outermost track.It can be called at any trajectory of an electron her a corresponding specific energy value W, and energy level orenergy term, assign; since only a discontinuous band of electron orbits exist, intermediate values are not possible.In nature, every system is basically a way that its energy content is as small as possible (the principle of minimumenergy). Therefore, it will also have the electrons tends to occupy the lowest possible energy level, that is, theelectrons try to occupy as possible the inner sheet. As found in every energy level only a certain number ofelectrons place, the lower energy levels are fully occupied. The potential for each web space number increaseswith the square root of the energy of the relevant levels; Orbits at a greater distance from the core can thus absorbmore electrons than cars in the immediate vicinity of the nucleus. Since one can charge the number of elements(formerly called valence) determined from the located in the outer track number of the electrons, this is called thevalence electrons; they are the most loosely bound to the atom more electrons.

0.39932) conduction mechanism, specific conductivity. In solids the atoms are arranged side by side sodense that the mutual influence of the neighboring atoms can not be neglected. To see the impact of thisinfluence on the conductivity process, we assume that solid bodies have a crystalline structure and ideallyform single crystals with regular repetition smallest unit cells. The unit cell itself consists of a cube, arearranged in the corners and intersections of the surface diagonals atoms. In consideration of the one­dimensional cube is replaced by a lattice, the atomic lattice.

At very low temperatures, these atoms remain at rest.However, even at room temperature (T = 300 K), they perform oscillations about the rest, by which it comes to thedetachment of a circulating on the outermost valence shell. This is on the one hand a free electron (also calledquasi­free electron) is available that can move freely and thus contributes to the electrical conductivity y. On theother hand, results from the separation of the (negatively charged) electron from the atom Association for the restatom has a positive charge, so that the remaining "atomic core" as an ion acts. It is therefore also called anionization of the metal body. The electron liberated then moves into the grid­like arrangement framework of the

atoms or atomic cores become positive. For metals, where about 10 23 atoms are arranged 1 cm 3, representsapproximately every atom an electron from its electron shell available and then it becomes a metal ion. Due to thepositive nuclei become of the ions formed in the atomic lattice potential distribution that are ordered for the one­dimensional state. Since the atoms in the crystal lattice periodic follow each other, the potential distributionbetween the positive atomic cores become periodic.

0.39933) band modelBy this potential distribution, the potential fields of each ion on the one hand from the mutual superposition bindingto the valence additionally loosened, on the other hand the movement of the free electrons is influenced, andelectrons are captured by the ion of the grid again. Without applying a voltage to the metallic conductor is in idlestate thermal equilibrium, in which as many electrons are captured as separate from the ion in the lattice. It is thenthe number of electrons per unit volume of the metal represented by the number of atoms, so that the electron

concentration about 10 23 / cm 3. After applying a voltage to the ends of a metallic conductor, get theherumschwirrenden with thermal kinetic energy free electrons transmit a motion momentum in the direction of thesecond electric pole of the field. Due to this shock pulse triggered chain reaction of electrons come all theelectrons in all places of the conductor practically simultaneously in motion. There occurs an electricity flow,whose magnitude depends on the conductivity y of the metal; we want to calculate from the process of movementof the charge carriers. Works by applying a voltage to the metallic conductor an electric field strength E on the freeelectrons, they move according to the mobility b along the field lines at medium speed v = ­bE (209.1) also the driftvelocity is called. The mobility b is the proportionality factor between the velocity v of the charge carriers and the

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electric field strength E. called The unity of the movement, and drift mobility, (CMIS) / (VICM) = cm 2 IVs, resultsfrom the quotient of the unit of velocity divided by the unity of the field strength.

The current density S = ­nev n = 10 23 / cm 3 electrons of negative elementary charge e = ­1.6 × 10 ­19 As. Bysubstituting Eq. (209.1) for v is obtained ­ in accordance with Eq. (84.5) ­ the power density S = neb E = yE with

the specific conductivity y = neb (209.3) as the proportionality factor between the electric field strength E and the

current density P. For copper with the mobility bcu = 30 cm 2 IVs is the specific conductivity YCU = 0.5 × 10 ­6 S /cm.In metals, the electrical conductivity is temperature dependent, with mutual influences are effective. By externallysupplied heat energy, increasing the heating of the metal and at the same time the generation of charge carriers isincreased. The vibration amplitude of the metal ions to their rest position increases, while more and more electronsare released from the atom Association. Number of free electrons to reach the room tmperatur grows corporative,there are almost virtually all valence electrons from their atoms removed, on the other hand hinders the increasedamplitude of vibration of the metal ions to their rest position the migration of the electrons in the direction of thefield, thus hindering the flow of electric current , Thus, since already the number of free electrons hardly grows atroom temperature, outweighs the hindrance of electron migration. In metals, therefore, the resistance withincreasing temperature, the electrical conductivity but from. Metals have a positive temperature coefficient ofresistance or a negative temperature coefficient of conductivity. The migration of electrons lead to collisionsbetween electrons and lattice ions. In this endeavor, the electron energy they have gained from the applied electricfield, the lattice ions from.This occurs in the interior of the atomic lattice energy conversion increases the oscillation amplitudes of the latticeions around the rest position and leads to a heating of the conductor, which is referred to as Joule heat. Since thenumber of collisions, both of the number of electrons and the number of ions is proportional to the Joule heat isproportional to the square of the current. Industrial application of the metallic conduit is crucial that here Ohm's lawholds in great severity, ie, the current and voltage according to Eq. (12.1) and (13.2) or current density and fieldstrength according to Eq. (84.5), apart from the above­mentioned external influences of the temperature and thelike, linearly proportional within wide ranges.

0.39934) energy levels in solids. Since the movement of free electrons is governed by the electrostaticattractive forces of the ions, the orbits of the electrons and thus the energy states are changed the profile ofthe inner potential fields accordingly. The influence also has an impact on the presentation of the possibleenergy values. For a large population of atoms, the electrons all have something different from each energystates due to the internal potential fields. The individual energy levels, however, are so close together thatcan accept electrons from the atoms of the individual, they are a continuum of relatively wide allowedenergy bands. By the interaction between the atoms of the lattice columns on the energy terms an energyband of certain width. The remaining gaps between the bands are referred to as forbidden bands, they donot contain stationary positions to be occupied by the electron energy levels of allowed energy levels. Forthe conductivity process only the most loosely bound to the atom valence electrons have meaning;Therefore, it is sufficient to neglect in the representation of the band model of the outermost energy band,the more the atom itself belonging to the valence band to go out and all the other bands located furtherinside. We then pass to an easily analyzable band model. In the fully occupied when approaching theabsolute zero of temperature valence electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus, so they can not move freelyand therefore also provide no contribution to the electricity line. Since we only get free electrons by energysupply, are in the band model, these free electrons in the energy range above the valence band. The freeelectrons available energy band is called the conduction band. Unoccupied or partially occupied conductionband electrons can move freely and thus contribute as conduction electrons to conduct current. Since thelattice potential binding forces of the atoms to their outermost valence electrons almost cancels and alsosufficient thermal energy even at room temperature T = 20 ° C detachment of valence electrons, resulting inT 20 ° C.

Electricity and magnetism.0.39935) Electromagnetic Induction ­ Induction Law ­

A surge is equal to the change of the magnetic flux penetrates the surface of a conductor perpendicular. Anytemporal change of magnetic flux induces an electrical voltage iron core in the secondary coil. The induced voltageis proportional to number of turns N, and to the temporal change of the magnetic flux. In a closed circuit, aninduction current flows. It is opposite the cause of induction by Lenz rule (motion­inflammatory effect). This isexpressed by the minus sign. It is therefore impossible to validate a perpetual motion machine so that the inducedvoltage, a current flows, which could enhance the magnetic field to return to induce more stress.

0.3994) Capacitor.A capacitor is an electrical component, which in principle of two mutually isolated conductive areas is, for.Example, two metal plates or foils with an insulator therebetween. The insulator may, for example, from a gas orfrom a plastics material and the dielectric is called.As a result of the interruption, electrical charge through a capacitor does not flow through it, but if you connect it toa power source, but current flows until the plates are electrically charged and accept no further charge. This occurs

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when the capacitor voltage UC is the same as the applied voltage U0. One plate is positive, the other negativelycharged electrically. The capacity of such a charge storage device depends on its dimensions and the material andcapacity as (symbol: C) respectively. The unit is Farad.A farad (SI unit symbol F) is the capacitance of a capacitor that stores on the two plates when a voltage U 1 volteach an amount of charge Q of 1 coulomb.In the ideal capacitor, the capacitance is independent of the resistance and we have: Image not availableFor the unit of measure applies: Image not availableA capacitor is an electrical component, which in principle of two mutually isolated conductive areas is, for.Example, two metal plates or foils with an insulator therebetween. The insulator may for example consist of a gasor a gas mixture (air) or from plastic and dielectric is called.The left graphic symbol stands for a simple capacitor, the right for an electrolytic capacitor.Capacity.As a result of the interruption can not flow through electric charge through a capacitor; but if you connect it to apower source, but current flows until the plates are electrically charged and accept no further charge. This occurswhen the capacitor voltage UC is the same as the applied voltage U0. One plate is positive, the other negativelycharged electrically. The capacity of such a charge storage device depends on its dimensions and the material andcapacity as (symbol: C) respectively. The unit is Farad.A farad (SI unit symbol F) is the capacitance of a capacitor that stores on the two plates when a voltage U 1 volteach an amount of charge Q of 1 coulomb. In the ideal capacitor, the capacitance is independent of the resistanceand we have: Image not availableFor the unit of measure applies: Image not availableFor a plate capacitor (two metal plates of area A at distance d) is calculated according to the capacity of:Image not availableIt ε 0 is the permittivity of free space, Image not available

ε r is the insulation material (dielectric) specific dimensionless material constant, the dielectric constant or

permittivity.Why an increased Dielekrikum between the plates of a capacitor whose capacitance? In the non conductionelectrons are each attached to its atom. But they shift ­ housed in a box ­ a small fraction of the atomic diameter tothe positive plate; the nuclei move a little to the negative. Inside the homogeneous dielectric, these displaced fromcharges of the same as before.Circuit for on­discharging a capacitorA capacitor is connected to its terminal a to the pole of the generator and the load resistance. The terminal b isconnected to a switch, it can switch for charging according to (1) to the generator, or it can switch to (0) position orit can switch to (2) the discharge.Circuit for on­discharging a capacitor After switching the switch of position (0) to (1) applies to the voltage U (t):Image not available (Assuming the capacitor was unloaded at the beginning: U (0) = 0 V). At the power on, thecapacitor is a short circuit, so a capacitor must be charged always via a series resistor. The following applies:Image not availableFor the current I (t) applies: Image not availableThe charging time of the capacitor is proportional to the size of the series resistor R and proportional to itscapacitance C. The product of series resistance and capacitance is called the time constant τ. τ = R 1 · C

Theoretically, it takes infinitely long to U (t) = Uq is. For practical purposes, you can load time tL t L = 5 ×

considered τ after which the capacitor can be approximately regarded as fully charged. The time constant τ is alsothe time at which the voltage applied at the beginning of the curve tangent reaches the final value. After this time,the capacitor would be charged to the final value to be able to charge it with the constant current I max (actually

increases the amperage so with time).Derivation (charging)The charging current I is time dependent: I = I (t), because it results from the occurring across the resistor Rvoltage difference UB ­ U (t), where U (t) is the voltage on the capacitor is currently t is already loaded UB and thesource voltage. Thus applies Image not available ie solved for U (t): U (t) = U B ­ I (t) · R.

Is the electric charge on the capacitor Q (t) = C · U (t).On the other hand, the current time is the change in charge, that is Image not availableThis is a differential equation for I (t). You will be solved by the approach Image not availableThis is in fact Image not available and inserted into the differential equation Image not available obtainedImage not availableRemaining after trimming of A and the exponential function 1 = RC: T ie τ = RC. A results from the initial condition

I (0) = A · e 0 = A.In order to Image not availableFor the voltage followsImage not available

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It is I (0) · R = U (0) = U B, thus Image not available or

Image not availableDischarge processIf you connect the plates of a charged capacitor through a wire or an electrical load (lamp, resistance), so thecharges of the plates of the same. It will continue flowing streams until both plates are electrically neutral again.Turn it in the initial image the switch to position (2) to after the capacitor to the value U max is loaded, it will

discharge through resistor R2. Here, both the voltage and the current at the beginning of the greatest. The voltageincreases in the course of the discharge with time according to Image not available decreases and the currentthat is associated with it via the discharge resistor R2, shows the corresponding course of Image not availablein which Image not available applies, and particularly at the beginning (t = 0) Image not availableDerivation (discharge) current and voltage change over time, so I = I (t) and U = U (t), but they are linked Ohm'sLaw: U (t) = R · I (t).At the moment t the electric charge on the capacitor is Q (t). It is Q (t) = C · U (t).The current resulting from the temporal change in the charge; since the charge flows, preceded by a minus sign:Image not availableThis is a differential equation for I (t). She is the approach Image not available solved. Then, namelyImage not available and inserted into Image not available follows: Image not availableAfter canceling of A and the exponential function only remains Image not available ie τ = RC.

The constant A is obtained from the initial condition I (0) = A · e 0 = AThe solution of the differential equation is thus Image not availableThen one obtains for the voltageImage not availableSince the exponential function decreases with increasing t, t = 0 are at present the current and voltage maximum,so I max = I (0) and U max = U (0).

Self­discharge.A charged capacitor discharges over time also has its own insulation resistance R is. See also: Time constant τ s= R · C isThe Selbstentladezeitkonstante .tau..sub.S is greater the higher the quality is a capacitor. Normally, range from1000 s to 10,000 s (with s = symbols of seconds).Field energy.A charged capacitor stores electric energy in the electric field which exists between the charged plates. If acapacitor of capacitance C charged to the voltage U, so be field contains the energy W according to:Image not availableDerivation (field energy).In order to charge the capacitor, it is necessary to transport a disk to the other electric charge of the. The fartherthe capacitor is charged during this operation already, the more that is already prevailing between its plates electricfield E, so the more force must be exerted in order to bring the charge from one plate to another. During the chargeis (more) performs work on the moving electric charges therefore. At the end of the work done during charging totalwork is stored as a field of energy. At the beginning of loading the force is 0, there is no box there. At the end,when the capacitor is fully charged, the force on a charge .DELTA.Q in the electric field E: Image not availableSince it increases from 0 to this value, it is, on average, Image not availableThe force is applied along the path d (distance between the plates), so you performed each time the workImage not availableDuring charging, the charge transported to the total charge Q, and hence the work add up to Image not availableIf the capacitor, the capacitance C, so he has at the end of charging, the voltage U, where Q = C · U applies. Therefore, the total work performed, and thus the energy stored in the capacitor Image not availableThe same formula can be derived by means of integral calculus as follows. The work is the integral W = ∫ U 0 dW.The work dW to transport a charge dQ, is given as above dW = F * d = dQ dQ = d · e · · u, if u (depending on theexisting charge) is instantaneous voltage. Because Q = C · U the voltage changes during the transport of thecharge dQ to you, wherein dQ = C · You is. Consequently, W = ∫ U 0 dW = ∫ U 0 u · dQ = ∫ U 0 u * C * du = C∫ U0 u · You thus Image not availableAC behavior.When connected to AC voltage (voltage with periodically alternating polarity) the plates of a capacitor can berecharged constantly from positive to negative and vice versa. Thereby current flows continuously in alternatingdirections, but temporally offset voltage ("phase shift"): It must first current to flow, before the capacitor a voltageis built up, the current is the forward voltage (in phase by 90 °).

Eff applies to the effective current I: I eff ~ f

Where f is the frequency of the applied voltage.In addition, the following relationship between the effective current I eff and capacitance C of the capacitor holds: I

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eff ~ C

By the simultaneous presence of voltage and current to the capacitor, an electrical resistance X be metered,however, in contrast to an ohmic resistance no converts power into heat ("power loss"). It is called a "reactance".If f is the frequency of the AC voltage and C is the capacitance, is true for the reactance: Image not availableWhere ω = 2 · π · f angular frequency or angular velocity is called.Parallel circuit.For the total capacity applies: C tot = C 1 + C 2 + ... + C nIf you switched capacitors in parallel, is applied to all of the same voltage or potential difference.Image not availableTo illustrate, consider a parallel connection of two capacitors, which differ only in their panel size.Through the combination creates a capacitor with plate size A1 + A2. Its capacity is: Image not availableSeries circuit.For the total capacity applies: Image not availableIf you switched capacitors in series, the same current flows through all.The amount of the charges of all plates is the same. The sum of the voltages across the capacitors correspondingto the total voltage.Image not availableTo illustrate, one can consider a series circuit of two capacitors which differ only in the plate spacing. Thecompound gives a capacitor plate with the distance d1 + d2.The capacity is then Image not available thusImage not availableDielectric strength.Real capacitors can not be charged to any voltage. Exceeds the allowable stress is to breakdown voltage, thecapacitor bleed through, that is, suddenly it flows from a much larger current via a radio link, or in a similar way. Inmost cases the destruction of the capacitor (z. B. by explosion or heat effect) results and further destruction of thedevices. Some capacitors have within certain limits the ability to heal itself, if the damage is not too large.Polarity.Capacitors are normally constructed symmetrically. In special cases, however, one must note the polarity. Theelectrolytic capacitor needed to build its insulation (the dielectric), a polarized voltage. He must not be operatedwith negative polarity, as it can be destroyed. For operation with AC power he needed a suitable bias. Woundcapacitors are asymmetrical with respect to the outer surface. Where appropriate, it should be noted that side ofthe capacitor is on the outside. At this layer is usually, if applicable, connect the ground, and to reduce the size ofupsets of the capacitor. The capacitance of a capacitor may be temperature dependent.Applications.Energy storage is used in power supplies to bridge short­term power outages. The frequency dependence of thereactance is used to transmit signals filternd in high­pass, low­pass and band pass.

0.39931) The capacitor and its advanced features.Task: "The capacitor is to absorb energy and to swing".

Capacitors are energy storage.What happens when a fully charged capacitor must have a similar but empty charge?The system can not swing to lack a different type of energy storage, so in this case an inductor.The solution we have when we construct a coil whose two halves of the winding is separated by an insulator(insulating material, quartz, ceramic, or plastic) from each other.When we complete a high DC voltage of this winding two halves of the condenser coil, we obtain a capacitor.Let's put this condenser coil a magnetic field so we can induce a flow of electrons in two winding halves of thecondenser coil. Let's get this condenser coil (ballistic dual coil) with a transformer as a secondary coil, so we canat the ends of the ballistic coil corresponding to the used in the transformer of energy. "Pulse­DC, AC or highfrequency" tap has this hackneyed energy but special properties.The generated two­dimensional mass­prone electron­defect electron energy we have then the ends of the coil areavailable.These boundary conditions of the quantum vacuum is the cause of gravity. If we these boundary conditions forgenerating gravitational effects and effects, by the expansion of the vacuum panel, that the core region of the atomcomprises up to electron cause fed through a carrier shift of the two­dimensional secondary coil layers A and Bthrough the ports electrostatic voltage. Have we simultaneously building a coupling mechanisms for the generationof involving mass electrons and holes in a power system with the properties of the zero point fluctuations.A made in this basis two­dimensional transformer, the high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy system radiate to the two­dimensional connections secondary coil, themassenbehaften field poles of the electron­electron holes, zero point fluctuations or quantum fluctuations in theform of gravity particles.

10) physics, interactions / 3.1 / 3.11 FIELD QUANTUM ... ISBN 3­540­07876­2 from, Springer­Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg, Page 533 bis 539th

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All forces, including the Coulomb force and gravity are described in quantum field theory as exchange forces. Aparticle generates a field if it has a corresponding load. This field must, according to quantum electrodynamics, butin particular particles (QUANTUM FIELD), to be dismantled. Charge is the ability of the field­producing particle,quantum box to emit and absorb. It recognizes four types of interactions related field, gravitational,electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions. Field quanta of the electromagnetic field, the photon, the stronginteraction are the pions. For the gravitational field is postulated to be the quantum gravitations, for the weakinteraction, the intermediate bosons. All field quanta are bosons, ie you have an integer own revolution pulse. Thefield generating particles, however, are usually fermions. That there must be a strong interaction (strong compared

to the electromagnetic) follows from the existence of the cores. For distances of the order of 1 fm = 10 ­15 m, theymust overcome the Coulomb repulsion of the protons. No later than about 10 fm but this attraction nothing to Feel,because until then show the scattering experiments of Rutherford, inter alia, a pure Coulomb potential. The stronginteraction or nuclear power also has a very short range (Yukawa radius of 1.3 fm). With regard to the nuclearprotons and neutrons behave exactly the same as the energetics of the cores show (for example, the dropletmodel) and direct scattering experiments. Especially have the systems pp, nn and pn at the same distance to theelectro­magnetic interaction exactly the same binding energy (charge independence of nuclear forces). Theexistence of the weak interaction is less clear. Your important effects are the β­ and β + decay. This is not aninteraction between two particles, because the isolated neutron decays and grade, but a peculiar anticipatinginteraction of a particle with its potential decay product, eg a neutron to a proton, an electron and an anti­neutrino.It describes the weak interaction accordingly through the fields of the four participating fermions (and possibly afield of intermediate bosons). Of strong and electromagnetic processes, however, only the two Fermionenfelder ofInteracting particles (and the Bosonenfeld the field quanta) are involved. As a result of these complex structures isthe weak interaction is not renommierbar. Field quanta with rest mass, as the pions, lead to a force with limitedreach, such as r = h / mc results from the mass m of the field quanta. The reason is that the emission of a field

Quantens actually a violation of the set energy by the amount mc is 2, the (t = h / mc 2) is tolerated by theuncertainty principle only for a very short time (virtual particle reaction). During this time, the field quantum is atbest act (speed of light) to r = h / mc. So Yukawa combines the range of the nuclear force with the mass of thepion postulated. A particle with the expected properties of intermediate Boston has not yet been produced inaccelerator facilities, it would have to be heavier than about 5 GeV (35 tiller masses). Accordingly, it is considereda range of a few as 0.1 fm for the weak interaction. Fields with massless quantum as the electromagnetic notsubject to this restriction, ranging from a purely geometric r ­ 2 dilution, to infinity. For the gravitations shouldtherefore give the rest mass "plus and minus zero demand." Why, replacement of particles at all to a force?The intuitive notion of momentum exchange (nucleon), which is connected to a rally (pion), is not enough. Theywould always result in a rejection. Furthermore, the analogy leads to the chemical bond. If a pion ­ as there thebonding electron has two states available, either in one or in the other of two very closely adjacent nucleons to bethe total energy of the pion and thus the system is lower than for more distant nucleons their pions ever be able tooffer a place. Each particle has a charge for a particular field, constantly playing ball with quantum of this field. (Itexudes the field quanta (issued) and if neither partner is in sufficient proximity is the particle field quantum again(absorption) begins. In any case, the field quanta must be recaptured within the time when the uncertainty relationfor such a virtual injury of the energy theorem permits.The cloud of virtual field quanta which hover around a particle is precisely his field, interaction means exchange offield quanta.This idea of with­oneself­ball games leads a particle that has no strong, but only electromagnetic charge as theelectron or muon, only minor corrections. However, they explain, at least for the electron, the mass of this particleand why it is so small.At intervals of the order of the Compton wavelength resulting in consistent implementation slight deviations fromCoulomb's law.Furthermore, we obtain the Lamb shift is called the splitting of two terms of the H atom, which should be the same

energy after the usual quantum mechanics, a tiny amount (1.058 GeV, ie, about 10 ­6 of Thermenergie) and thedeviation of the magnetic moment of the electron and the muon from the corresponding magneton y = eh / 2m.This deviation is about 0.1%, which is the theory than a / 2 · π indicated (α = 1/137 fine structure constant).In a highly charged particles with the consequences of the ball game (the emitting and absorbing field quanta) aremore powerful. First, a much larger mass, but also results in addition, the internal structure of the particles and themuch larger deviation from the value of the magnetic moment of a nuclear magneton, which actually zukäme thenucleon (proton 2.8 μK, Neutron 2.9 μK ). But why has the neutron magnetic moment at all, if it's neutral.Scattering of fast electrons and pions has the following structure of the nucleon made visible (was confirmed bythe discovery of quarks and gluons): The radius of 1.2 to 1.3 fm, which determines the distance between thenucleons in a nucleus is equal to the radius of a virtual pions, which can emit up there just the nucleon.In fact, can this external cloud (isoscalar Pionenwolke, Pionenstratosphäre) prove to 1.4 fm. 0.8 fm the cloud isdenser significant (isovektorielle Pionenwolke, Pionenatmosphäre) 0.2 f, after ringing the scattering steeply(nucleon­core). The core contains only about 1/3 of the elementary charge and the neutron as the proton positive.The outer cloud is both positive (about 0.15 e). The difference between proton and neutron makes the inner cloud

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from (± 0,5 ± e, positive and negative in the proton neutron). This layered structure makes the magnetic moment ofcourse. Clearly corresponds to a rotation of the neutron a predominantly negative circuit current. The proton wouldhave 1 μk if it would be an pure core; the pions with its more than six times smaller mass contribute the missing1.8 μK. Furthermore, and above all, make the various interactions by particle reaction felt that they convey.A distinction is free of decays in which a particle with its own internal structure, and with it generates virtualparticles interact and thereby transformed into other particles and collisions in which two real particles interact andtwo or more other particles are formed. In both cases, the interest here from interactions play in the space, have

the dimensions of the order of the elementary length = I0 × 10 ­15 m. (Yukawa radius Compton wavelength of theproton, electron classical radius). The cross sections for collisions mediated by the different interaction types aregraded accordingly: they too, the smaller are the more field quanta involved.Sometimes more than one field quanta involved initially think, for example, two in the photon­electron scattering(Compton effect), namely the incident (briefly absorbed) and the scattered (emitted) photon. An interaction has torespect the more conservation laws, the stronger it is, among others, you know, the more they may break moresymmetries, the weaker it is. An isolated ion can never actually with an electron Rehkombinieren because it is notpossible for different collision partners as mass, energy and momentum equation to satisfy the same time by juststay stick together the particles. However, a third body, the balance fix (symmetry breaking), in which it receivesthe surplus or deficit, and indeed the more likely the more time is available.

11) Theoretical model for ballistic electron systems.Theoretical physics of two­dimensional electrons (two­dimensional motion of electrons in an electric field) [email protected]­dresden.de12) increase in mass of the electron at electric field strengths.

Increase in mass of the electron at electric field strengths. It is generated by applying a high electric field strengthsof about 1 to 1000 kV to the ballistic two­dimensional line. This same fact is also known from the physics ofparticle accelerators.

15) atomic physicsAtomic physics: "Nuclear Physics Research" from http://axp01.e18.physik.tu­munchen.de.a) An atom is a composite, electrically neutral particles. Structure of the atomic nucleus. The elementaryfermionic up and down quarks and electrons, we find in the atom. The quarks are connected by gluons tonucleons. The nucleus or nucleons are protons and neutrons.b) The internal structure of the proton and neutron

How nuclear physics teaches, there is an atom of a positively charged nucleus in the atom inside and a

surrounding shell of negatively charged electrons. The geometrical extension of an atom, of the order of 10 ­8 cm,the electron shell (orbitals) is given, while the tiny nucleus ten to Hunderttausendmahl is smaller, ie a diameter of

only 10 ­13 to 10 ­12 cm has , On the other hand, the mass of an atom is concentrated almost entirely in the core;the mass of the atom is practically very small compared to the mass of the nucleus. These sizes and mass ratiosare similar to those in our planetary system, the total mass of practically all the deleted tiny sun compared to theextent of the entire system. A closer examination of the atomic nuclei in nuclear physics, it turned out that themany different nuclei are not smallest, irreducible entities but are composed of positively charged protons andneutral neutrons, which are collectively referred to as nucleons (core particles). Each "chemical element" ischaracterized by the number of protons in the nucleus;. For example, the hydrogen nucleus is a single proton, theuranium core has 92 protons, since the positive proton charge and the negative electric charge are equal inmagnitude, in the electrically neutral atom is the number . of protons in the nucleus equals the number of electronsin the shell, the number of neutrons in the nucleus can accept at a fixed number of protons in general differentvalues; these different nuclei are called the isotopes of an element, since the proton and neutron approximately1800 times as heavy as a. electron are, the whole mass of an atom is concentrated in its core. While the electronsin the atomic shell in the Middle large distances from each other and the relatively large volume of an atomtherefore essentially "empty space", the nucleons in the tiny nucleus are closely together, ie tightly packed. Thethree types of particles electron, proton and neutron, from which the atoms are constructed in the manner outlinedbriefly, been a long time in elementary particle physics as the smallest building blocks of matter, that is considereda true elementary particles. This is also true today for the electron still; with the accuracy of previous experiments

no spatial extension of the electron was found (r <10 ­16 cm); it can therefore be considered as a mathematical

point. Proton and neutron as to have a spatial extent of approximately 10 ­13 cm, as experiments at StanfordUniversity (USA), he 60 years have shown for the first time, especially in the 50's and. More than that: mass,electric charge and other physical properties of the two nucleons are not diffusely distributed over its spatial extent,but in point­like interior constituents, called Feynman partons concentrated. Proton and neutron have therefore a"grainy" internal structure; they consist of partons, which could be identified later than in 1964 introduced by Gell­Mann and branch quarks According to our present understanding of a nucleon consists essentially of three quarksis composed by. strong binding forces are held together in the nucleon. Not proton and neutron, but the point­likequarks are so (such as electrons) as true elementary, ie to consider the smallest building blocks of matter.

c) The study of the internal structure of the proton and neutron

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The various forces (interactions) that are effective between elementary particles. The modern particle physics asksnot only afterwards that particles exist and what their characteristics, but also by the interactions between them. Inorder to familiarize yourself with scattering experiments provide information on how you obtained from suchexperiments provide information about the extent and internal structure of atoms and atomic nuclei and why youneed higher and higher energies to explore ever smaller objects.Then the spatial extent of the proton and neutron is treated.The last chapter of Part I describes the quark model of hadrons classification and gluons between quarks effectiveby exchange forces. The internal structure of the proton and neutron, ie its composition from partons (quarks, anti­quarks, gluons), will be discussed.

d) forces and particlesNow known four forces in nature, which differ in their strength and the range of their effectiveness from each other:the strong force, the electromagnetic force, the weak force and the gravitational force.The gravitation (gravitation) compared to the other three forces is so weak that it practically does not matter only inmacroscopic mass concentrations, such as astronomy, noticeable and the tiny masses of elementary particles.

e) The longest known is the electromagnetic force. It binds eg in an atom the electrons in the shell of thenucleus, as in the hydrogen atom (H atom) the negatively charged electron to the positively charged proton.This binding, ie, the attraction of the opposite charges, is surrounded state by the electric fields, the electronand proton.

In the quantitative treatment of the H atom, however, can not be applied to classical electrodynamics; it prevailrather in the microcosm of the atom, the laws of quantum theory, in our case the relativistic quantumelectrodynamics (QED).According to her, the energy of the electromagnetic field is quantized, it consists of small portions of energy(energy quanta), the photons (particles of light).After the QED theory, the interaction between proton and electron in the hydrogen atom comes from the fact thatbetween them constantly photons are exchanged; a single exchange process is that as the proton emits a photonand this is shortly thereafter absorbed by the electron.The photon is thus the transmitter (carrier, quant) of the electromagnetic force between charged particles.

f) The other two forces, the strong and the weak force, based on the exchange of these particles asinteraction support.

The strong force will also be responsible for the strong nuclear force, the protons and neutrons firmly and tightlybind to each other in an atomic nucleus. They come from the fact that between the nucleons mainly pions isreplace. (During the nucleon occurs in two charge states, namely as proton and neutron, it is for the pion (p) three

charge states: the positively charged p +, p­ negatively charged and the neutral p 0). During the p 0 ­Austauschs

between the nucleons of energy conservation law is violated: There is in addition a p 0, the mass m by the Einstein

equation with an energy of E = mc 2 (c = speed of light) are equivalent. According to the Heisenberg uncertaintyrelation h = x t E (h = Planck's constant divided by 2π) is such a breach of the energy theorem by the amount E

during the short time t possible, it takes the p 0 to get from one proton to another proton in , From (= distancebetween the two protons in the nucleus) is obtained for the range R of the nuclear power relationship

Image not available with hc = 197 MeV · fm (Ifm = Ifermi = 10 ­13 cm). 1 With the p0­mass m = 135 MeV / c 2 (ie

mc 2 = 135 MeV) is thus obtained for the strong nuclear force, a very small range of R »1.5 fm.The resulting from the uncertainty relation mass­range relationship (I) applies to all forces. According to her, therange of a power greater (smaller), the smaller (larger) is the mass of the particle that transmits power. Theelectromagnetic force is transmitted through the massless photon, has an infinite range; Although it has under the

Coulomb force law with the distance r between two charges such as 1 / r 2, but is also reflected in macroscopicdistances noticeable, while the strong force only at very small distances (of the order of 1.5 fm of the atomicnuclei) becomes effective. This difference is due to the dense packing of nucleons in a nucleus, and thus itssmallness one hand, and the wide distribution of electrons in the atomic shell on the other. The weak force z. B.Decomposition of a free (ie not bound in a stable nucleus).Decay of a free neutron proton, electron and antineutrino after a mean neutron lifetime t = 15 min causes istransmitted through the three heavy bosons W +, W­ and Z0. These particles were discovered in 1983 at theEuropean particle physics research center CERN in Geneva as free particles; they have a mass of about 90 GeV /

c 2 (m = 81.8 GeV / c 2 for W ±, m = 92.6 GeV / c 2 for Z 0) and are thus about 100 times (!) so heavy as the

proton. From this high mass is given by (I) for the weak force, the extremely small range of about 2 × 10 ­3 fm (ie,about one­thousandth of the strong range). The weak force is much weaker than the electromagnetic force due tothe high W and Z mass at low energies, while (»100 GeV) is about as strong as the electromagnetic force at veryhigh energies. This in 1967 contributed to the important and momentous discovery of Salam and Weinberg, that theweak and the electromagnetic force two manifestations of the same force which are so­called electroweakinteractions.

g) scattering experiments for the study of atomic and nuclear structure are the basis for all structural studiesin the microphysics scattering experiments, such as those conducted for the first time by Rutherford and

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staff to study the internal structure of atoms.Rutherford directed a beam of α­particles (helium nuclei) from radioactive decay modes of a thin metal foil (eg gold)to investigate the clash of α­particles with single atoms in the film. He measured with a suitable α­detector to thefoil around the angle θ by which the individual a­particles deflected by the atoms of the film from its originaldirection ("diffused") were, and made from many such scattering events a scattering angle distribution σ (θ) (thecross section for the scattering by the angle θ) that the frequency (probability) indicates the scattering angle θ, theindividual was observed (from 0 ° to 180 °) in the experiment.If the nuclear matter (and the electric charges) evenly and diffusely would spread all over the atomic volume, the a­particles Large scattering angle should be "soft" scattered on extended atom. (Approximately> 90 °) should notoccur in practice, that would be a with increasing scattering angle strongly sloping angle distribution expected.Instead, have been rare, but far more frequently than expected for a diffuse nuclear, large scattering angle (θ> 90 °)measured, even observed scattering angle close to 180 °, where the scattered in the experiment a about flyingback to the original a­ray­direction. The only possible interpretation of this surprising measurement result was theassumption that there is a small, heavy, positively charged nucleus inside the scattering atom. If an α­particles ofthis in the immediate vicinity small core arrives, it finds that there effective, due to the small distance r particularly

large electric Coulomb force (∞ 1 / r 2) of the core and is by them in a "hard" scattering greatly from its originaldirection, that is deflected at large scattering angles , Thus, the nuclei were discovered inside atoms.Thus, the Rutherford scattering experiments gave information about the internal structure of the atoms, wherein thebeam particles used as "probes" were used, with this structure which "sensed" was.

h) were Similarly, in later years, the spatial extent and the internal structure of the atomic nucleus itself incountless scattering experiments in nuclear physics with various beam particles, especially photons,electrons and protons explored. In this case, also, these nuclei were detected as broad, composed ofprotons and neutrons objects and examined in greater detail in their construction. Here, two kinds ofscattering processes are now distinguishable from each other, namely the elastic scattering simpler andmore complicated inelastic scattering. In an elastic collision of a beam particle, such as a proton p, with anucleus A proton is scattered from the nucleus as a whole. The core remains intact; it will only be initiatedand leaves as unchanged the whole scattering process (pA → pA). When inelastic scattering, however, thebeam particles reacts with one or more nucleons in the core. Here, the core is taken into its components, ieinto individual nucleons or more nuclear fragments torn apart; yes it can even, if the energy of the beamparticle is large enough, additional particles, mostly pions are produced. This particle generation arises fromthe fact that some of the kinetic energy of the beam particle is converted into the masses of the producedparticles, since, according to the Einstein equation (see above) mass is a form of energy and converts oneform of energy into another, while preserving the overall energy can be. While the elastic core scatteringprovides information on the spatial extent of a core and the distributions of mass and charge within this corevolume, we learn from the inelastic scattering directly the internal structure of a nucleus, ie smaller buildingblocks from which it is composed.I) are considerably higher energies (pulses) (E ≈ 100 MeV) of the beam particles are required as for thestudy of atomic structure (E ≈ I KeV), and for this reason To examine a core structure in a scatteringexperiment: In general, after the particle wave duality of quantum theory a particle with momentum p awavelength λ associated with (λ = λ / 2π); Thus, it is the smaller, the larger the momentum of the particle. Ifnow with such a particle, such as an electron, a structure of the spatial extent .DELTA.x be "scanned" for,the corresponding wavelength of the particle, ie, be its localization is not greater than about .DELTA.x.Thus, the smaller the investigated object, the structure to be recognized is, the shorter must thewavelength, that is, the greater must be according to (2) of the pulse and hence the energy of the scanningparticles be other words, an object (eg nucleus, nucleon), which at low energy as appears as a point, canprove to be at higher energies as an extended structure with an inner structure.

The inverse proportionality between the energy of the beam particles and the size of the resolved object, whichwas reflected even in the relationship (I), can be yet understand in a different way. The smaller is a material object,the stronger the elements of which it is composed, bonded to each other include the binding forces of the atoms ina molecule are weaker than that of the electrons in the core in an atom, the latter are weaker than the bondingforce between the nucleons in a nucleus, and finally this again weaker than the binding of quarks in a nucleon. If,therefore, investigate the internal structure of such an object closer by it cut in an inelastic scattering experiment inhis blocks and these measures, so must the energy of the beam particles with which one breaks the binding ofthese blocks against their binding forces, be the greater , the smaller the object. To study the proton and

Neutronstruktur, below about 10 ­13 cm, therefore, relatively high energy of the beam particles, about 100 MeV isrequired.

J) If, therefore, enable the internal structure of such a nucleus for a quantum mechanical processes bycausing its internal components with high energy of Ladungsträgerteilchen to move away from the bindingforces of the atomic nucleus. In other words, high energy of the Ladungsträgerteilchen can break the bindingof these atomic blocks in the atoms of high energy Ladungsträgerteilchen must be greater, the smaller the

atomic building blocks. To study the proton and Neutronstruktur, below about 10 ­13 cm, therefore, relatively

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high energy of the beam particles, about 100 MeV is required.k) The elastic electron­nucleon scattering.

The spatial extent of proton (p) and neutron (s) has been investigated in experiments to elastic scattering ofelectrons (e).The elastic ep scattering ep → ep, done by the electromagnetic force, ie by photon exchange. Σ the most generalformula for the cross section (θ) was derived from Rosenbluth; it is much more complicated than the originalRutherford formula that Rutherford had derived from the Coulomb force law and the laws of Newtonian mechanicsfor the scattering of a point­like particle to the charge of a point­like heavy nucleus. (At low energies the Rutherfordexperiments, the core could be viewed as a point).

16) atomic physics ­ physics.Atomic physics, the difference from the Rutherford formula takes into account the following points in theRosenbluth formula:

(A) They are the laws of relativity and quantum theory, ie the quantum electrodynamics apply.(B) the proton undergoes scattering by an elastic recoil;(C) electron and proton have an intrinsic angular momentum ("spin", graphic: rotation around its own inneraxis) and thus an inner magnetic moment (they can be viewed graphically as two small magnetic dipoles);thus they do not come into electromagnetic interaction with each other only due to their charge, but also bytheir magnetic moments;(D) the proton and the electron has massenbehafte may (in contrast to electron) a spatial extent, and thus adensity distribution of its load and its magnetic moment within this extent.

This last point is the most important; a possible extension of the proton is supposed to be explored in elastic epscattering experiments. Describes this expansion (the "shape" of the proton) by two so­called form factors in theRosenbluth formula, G e (Q) for the distribution of electric charge and G M (Q) for the distribution of the magnetic

moment. The two form factors depend on the so­called momentum transfer Q from the incoming electron morethan the exchanged photon on the proton, wherein Q is where θ by the scattering angle at a fixed beam energy E,and Q = 0 for θ = 0 with increasing θ increases up to a maximum value at .theta.max = 180 ° (M = proton mass).The form factors G (Q), the fall in general with increasing θ give, how much for a given Q, ie the correspondingscattering angle θ, the scattering from an extensive proton compared to scattering at is reduced to a point­likeproton. (The scattering on an extended object performs so, as described in connection with the Rutherfordexperiments, compared to the dot­like scattering in a suppression of greater scattering angle) constant, that isindependent of Q form factors would thus no reduction, ie a point­like proton mean. General obtained bytransformation of the form factors of the momentum space into real space (Fourier transform) directly the (timeaveraged) density distributions p (r) of the charge and magnetic moment of the proton as a function of the distancer from the proton center , An extensive proton with a sharp edge for example would have an oscillating Q­dependence of G (Q) result (similar to the interference pattern with maxima and minima in the diffraction of light ona small plate with a sharp edge). For a smooth Q­dependence, however, is a proton to close with a Fully smeared,blurred edge. The steeper G (Q) with increasing Q drops, the more so large momentum transfers and thus largescattering angles are suppressed, the more extensive is the proton.The task of an experiment on elastic ep scattering and s, then, is to measure the form factors of the proton andneutron and thereby gain insight into the geometric "shape" of the two nucleons.Such experiments have been awarded since 1955 by Hofstadter at Stanford University and later by severalphysicists groups at various other electron accelerators (Cornell, Orsay, Cambridge USA, DESY in Hamburg),especially since 1966 at the two­mile linear accelerator at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) isperformed. Here, over the years always higher electron energies, ie momentum transfers, and thus a finer and finerspatial resolution could be achieved. In particular, the SLAC accelerator enabled with electrons up to 20 GeVmeasurements to Q ≈ 5 GeV (corresponding to r ≈ 0.04 fm). Such an experiment is that you on a filled with liquid orgaseous hydrogen "Target" shoots the electron beam and with a magnetic spectrometer and suitable detectors(Cerenkov and scintillation counters approximately) demonstrates the at certain angles θ scattered electrons andtheir energy measures. From these measurements, an angular distribution σ (θ) is then made, from which the formfactors are determined using the Rosenbluth formula. There is indeed free protons (hydrogen nuclei), but no freeneutrons are used for the form factors of the neutron a deuterium (heavy hydrogen) filled target; a deuteriumnucleus (deuteron) consists of one proton and one neutron, so measuring the scattering on the deuteron, subtractsthe known from the hydrogen­scattering experiments on proton and thus obtain the scattering at neutron.

e) The results of numerous experiments for proton (p) ­ and neutron (n) form factors can be summarized asfollows: where μ the magnetic moments (measured in units of the nuclear magneton), (dipole form factor) isan empirical function of Q, the measured form factors describes pretty well. The Fourier transform of thisdipole form factor is an exponentially decreasing density distribution.

With this result, it is shown that protons and neutrons have a spatial extent. The distributions of the charge of theproton magnetic moment of the proton and the neutron magnetic moment has the same form; they fall roughlyexponentially with increasing distance from the nucleon center. The edge of the proton and neutron is so blurry. Fortheir mean radius is 0.82 fm.

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The average charge density of the neutron is zero everywhere; the neutron interacts electromagnetically so only byits magnetic moment.

f) After the spatial extent of the nucleons was established, the question was about their inner structure. Thiswas studied in experiments on inelastic electron­nucleon scattering since about 1967. Later, other leptons(muons, neutrinos and antineutrinos) were used as "probes" to the "sampling" of the nucleon structureinstead of electrons.g) The quark model of hadrons and the forces between quarks

However, before these inelastic scattering is discussed first the quark model of hadrons and the forces betweenquarks are to be treated in the following. The first indication that protons and neutrons are composed of evensmaller constituents did not come from scattering experiments, but from the quark model for the classification ofhadrons, which will be briefly described now. Over the years (since about 1935) were first in the Cosmic cosmicradiation, later discovered at the large particle in addition to the electron, photon and the two nucleons otherparticles in large numbers, which are produced in high­energy collisions, and after a short lifetime in lighter bosonsdecay. All known particles can be divided into three classes, namely leptons, hadrons and interaction bosons

(photon, W and Z boson). So far, we know of six leptons, the electron e ­, the muon μ ­, the Tauon τ ­ and the

associated neutrinos, which can be summarized to three lepton families: (e ­, v e), (μ ­, v μ) and (τ, τ v). Since, for

every particle has an antiparticle, three antilepton families are added: (e +, v e), (μ +, μ v) and (t, τ v). The leptons

participate in the strong interaction does not participate, they are insensitive to the strong force (such as a neutralparticle, an electric field does not "feel"). The charged leptons (e, μ, τ) will participate in the electromagnetic andweak, the Neutrinos participate only in weak interactions.The hadrons take part in all three interactions, especially in the strong interaction. They are divided into mesons(eg π, K, η, p, ω, etc.) with integer spin (in units of h) and baryons (eg nucleon N, Λ, Σ, Δ, etc.) with half­integerspin. In contrast to the few leptons, a large number of different hadrons especially since about 1960, it wasdiscovered that many "resonant" particles that decay by the strong interaction and therefore have very short

lifetimes of about 10 ­23 s. Today we know when (p­ for the pion as p +, p 0) is not separately enumerate thevarious charge states of hadrons and the associated anti­hadrons do not count, over 100 different hadrons.

h) It was early apparent that numerous hadrons can not all be regarded as genuine, the smallest elementaryparticles; may not be so complicated nature. In fact, hadrons related to so­called multiplets weresummarized. The multiplet for example, in which the two nucleons p and n are, is one octet, which also stillcontains the baryons (quarks). A natural explanation found in the classification of hadrons in multiplets, iethe existence of these multiplets by introduced by Gell­Mann and branch 1,964 quark model of hadrons.This model, in its original form: There are three small, basic building blocks of hadrons, called by Gell­Mann"quarks" (u, d and s), and the three corresponding anti­quarks (u ', d', s'), from which the hadrons are

composed, and that is a meson M is a bound state q of a quark and an antiquark q '(M = qq', eg π + = ud ',

π ­ = du'), while a baryon B from three quarks (qqq = B, for example, p = Uud n = udd). All of the propertiesof hadrons emerge from the properties of quarks and antiquarks.i) For example, have the quarks drittelzahlige charges (in units of the elementary charge e): Q u = 2/3, Q d =

Q s = ­1/3. From this result, for example, the charges of the proton and neutron: Q p = 2Q u + Q d = 2 · 2/3 ­

1/3 = 1; Q n u + = Q 2Q d = 2/3 ­ 2 * 1/3 = 0. Another example: Since the quarks have spin ½ and the spin

of a hadron of the spins and the integer orbital angular momenta of the quarks in hadron vectorial andquantized composed, have the mesons (with 2 constituents) integer, the baryons (3 constituents) half­integer spin. In the years 1974 and 1977 heavy hadrons (called "Charm" and "Beauty") with novel propertieswere discovered, the introduction of two additional, heavy quark types (c and b) and thus an extension ofthe original quark model with only three quarks had to be made. Today you have to take good reasons thatthere are a total of six quark species, of which. These six quarks have the sixth quark, which is with the"Truth" is not found because of its large mass t­Quark (analogous to six leptons) to the three quark families(u, d), (c, s), (t, b) and the three corresponding antiquark families summarize. All known hadrons can be builtfrom quarks and anti­quarks and thus predicted to the quark model multiplets are classified; there are amongthe many hadrons not one that does not fit into the quark model thus an enormous simplification is achievednot many hadrons, but the six quarks are to be regarded as a true elementary, this analogy that not. 92different nuclei, but the two nucleons are to be considered as building blocks of matter. While theconstruction of our ordinary matter with the particles of the first quark and Leptonfamilie can be explained bythe particles of the second and third families only occur when high­energy processes in space and on theparticle accelerators. By what power the quarks in the nucleon example are bound to each other?

For the interaction between quarks and anti­quarks, ie also for the binding of the three quarks in a nucleon, thestrong force is responsible. For them, the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) was, in analogy to quantumelectrodynamics for the electromagnetic force developed. According to her, the strong force is concluded by theexchange of gluons ("glue particles", which are the "glue" for the cohesion of the quarks in the nucleon)corresponding to the photon exchange in the electromagnetic interaction.

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The property of the curd, which this gluon exchange, ie the emission or absorption of a gluon enables has calledone "color" (photon charge) = ("color charge") corresponding to the electric charge by the in QED such as anelectron can emit or absorb a photon. However, while an electron (or any other charged particles) has a fixed

charge (­1 for the electron), each quark comes in three colors (red r, green g, blue b) 3 before, ie the color charge(photon charge) of a quark can the three different color values = (photon frequencies) r, g, b accept. This has theconsequence that there are eight different gluons in QCD, while there is only one photon in QED. These gluonsthemselves possess again the property "color" = (photon charge), in contrast to the photon, which carries nocharge, that is electrically neutral. The gluons are thus the carrier (transmitter) of the strong force (the "color forces= photons forces") between quarks and antiquarks, according to the photon as a carrier of the electromagneticforce; they hold the quarks in the nucleon. Not mediated by meson exchange forces between hadrons, but thecolor forces (photons forces) between quarks and antiquarks are the real, fundamental forces of the stronginteraction, since the quarks and anti­quarks ­ and not composed of them hadrons ­ the actual elementary particles.The existence of the property "color = (photon charge)" for the curd and the associated gluons has now beendemonstrated in several different types of experiments.The fact that the gluons carry, in contrast to the uncharged photon, even color (photon charge), the color forces(photons forces) have significantly different properties than the electromagnetic force: While this becomes weaker

with increasing distance between two charges (∞ I / r 2 ), those with increasing distance eg between two quarks

getting bigger. You wanted about in a π + (= you '), the d ­ antiquark from the u­quark separate (π + dissociation),so you would have with increasing distance between u and d ever higher energy to expend this energy supply but

ultimately does not cause the so that as a result of the original π + meson two mesons have become separation ofd ', but the production of a quark anti­quark pair. This consideration gives the fundamental insight: There is no free quarks, anti­quarks (and gluons). They occur as free particles isolated to only those combinationsof quarks and antiquarks in which the colors (photon frequencies) cancel, the total neutral color so (as for examplein the neutral H atom cancel the charges of the proton and electron) between which therefore no color are forces(such as between two electrically neutral particles no electric force acts). The only simple combinations that canbe color neutral qq and qqq are, therefore, the mesons and baryons, whose existence and observability as a single,free, separate particles is thus understandable. Within such hadrons quarks and antiquarks are tied("confinement"). So while there are free electric charges, there are no free color charges (photon charge), and thusno free (anti) quarks and gluons. In fact, the intensive be looking for them in the most diverse experiments andmaterials so far been fruitless. Conversely, at small distances, ie, at high energies, the color forces relativelyweak. In a high energy proton eg behave the three quarks and therefore as quasi­free particles ("asymptoticfreedom" ), so that such a proton beam can be regarded as a quasi­free quark.

17) The location and properties of the quantized states of electrons and holes in specially CdSe QuantumThe location and characteristics of the quantized states of electrons and holes, especially in CdSeQuantum, the effective masses of electrons and holes within the framework of the www.ubka.uni­karlsruhe.de/indexer­vvv/1997/physik/318) Moving masses in the two­dimensional energy system.

According to Einstein's general theory of relativity produce a moving masses "gravitomagnetic (gravitational­magnetic)" field. Report physics from 22.05.2002: Communication through the earth: "Can a superconducting radio waves converted into gravitational waves".Believes Raymond Chiao of the University of California at Berkeley, that you can use this effect insuperconductors to transform electromagnetic waves in gravitational waves and vice versa, as the magazineScientific American reported in its online edition. Chiao Powered his calculations ePrint archive arXiv.org (gr­qc /0204012).Much like a moving electric charge builds up a magnetic field produces a moving mass of a gravitomagnetic field.This effect was predicted in 1918 by the Austrian physicists Joseph Lense and Hans Thirring as a consequence ofEinstein's general theory of relativity and confirmed until a few years ago by exact position measurements fromsatellites.Chiao now combined the normal quantum mechanical equations that describe the behavior in superconductors,with the equations of the theory of relativity. His conclusion: In a superconducting electromagnetic waves inGravita tion waves can be transformed and vice versa. In principle, this is no surprise if one takes the prediction ofthe theory of relativity that accelerated masses produce gravitational waves as given. Surprisingly, however, thesize of the effect Chiao assumes that about half of the energy is transformed into gravitational waves. If Chiaoscalculation is correct, then that would revolutionize the telecommunications sector. For it would be possible tosend messages via gravitational waves through the interior of the earth and to receive them on the other side. Butthis is doubted by many physicists because Chiao has made some controversial statements in his simplifications.Chiao is currently building an apparatus with which he wants to check his calculations. Axel Tille Mans /wissenschaft.de

19) Gravity Research Report curvature of space.Report astronomy from 25.09.2003; Cassini confirmed the theory of relativity with unprecedented precision:

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"The radio signals from the spacecraft followed exactly the curvature of space"; Axel Tille Mans /Wissenschaft.de.

The Cassini spacecraft, which left Earth on 15 October 1997 and in December 2000 passed the planet Jupiter toachieve their aims Saturn in July 2004. But in the meantime it is not idle. 2002 seen from Earth as Cassini centerstood behind the sun, took Bruno Bertotti of the University of Pavia and his colleagues the opportunity to reviewthe general theory of relativity. Your Result The researchers in the journal Nature ago (Vol. 425, p 374). Einstein'sgeneral theory of relativity states that any mass curves space. Can be felt, this curvature in the ways that arefollowed by light or other electromagnetic waves such as radio signals. Light always takes the shortest route. In anon­curved space, the shortest distance between two points is always a straight line. Not so in a curved space.You wanted on earth the shortest connection between the North and South Poles follow, you would have to leavethe two­dimensional surface and dig right through the earth. This distance is about 13,000 kilometers. If you stayon the surface and follows the curvature, then you have to travel about 20,000 kilometers. The light can not leaveand take a short cut but the three­dimensional space. Therefore need radio signals must pass close to the sun, alittle more time to reach the earth as they would need when the sun is not there. The signals have to make adetour because the sun has the curved space in their vicinity. The Italian researchers have measured aphenomenon closely linked to that effect between June 6 and 7 July of 2002. Connected with the slightly longerdistance is a slight frequency shift of the electromagnetic waves. These have measured Bertotti and colleagues.Benefits the researchers came, the weight of the spacecraft over five tons. As a result, distortions were minimizedby movements of the probe due to interference. As an additional measure to minimize errors no instrumentsystems were switched on or off on Cassini during the measurement period. The Italian physicist could improvethe precision over previous tests of general relativity by a factor of fifty. They believe that a further improvement inthe precision by one to two orders of magnitude can bring potential deviations from general relativity to light. Suchdeviations are predicted by theories that assume a slow variation of the fine structure constant. Axel Tille Mans /Wissenschaft.de

20) Coulomb's LawCoulomb's Law, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki.

The Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, the Coulomb force. It states thatthis force is proportional to the product of these two charges and inversely proportional to the square of theirdistance. Two charges of the same sign (the same) repel each other, those with different signs (ungleichnamige)attract. The Coulomb law was discovered by the French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb and is the SI unitsystem in scalar form Image not availableIn this case, Q1 and Q2 indicate two point charges, r is the distance regarded as the point­shaped charges Q1 and

Q2, ε 0 = 8.854187817 x 10 ­12 ­1 Fm is the dielectric constant of the vacuum and the Coulomb force F acting

between Q1 and Q2, with corresponds to a positive value of rejection.In vector form, it isImage not availableWhere E → r is normalized to the amount 1 vector pointing from Q1 to Q2, r → 1 r → 2 and the position vectors of

the charge Q1 or Q2, or the double bars, the standard length of the vectors and the force F → which exerts Q1 toQ2.The size k with Image not available is also referred to as a coulombic constant. The Coulomb law is the basis ofelectrostatics.

21) Quantum dynamics of correlated Coulomb systems.Of giant planets to quantum dots; Assoc. Dr. Michael Bonitz, Department of Physics, University ofRostock, University Platz 3, D­18051 RostockPhysics Journal 1 (2002) No. 7/8. 1617­9439 / 02 / 0707­69 / © WILEY­VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451Weinheim, 2002Of giant planets to quantum dots (Coulomb, CS)

As Charles Augustin de Coulomb in 1785 found out that between two small balls with the charges ea and eb theforce Image not available acts (eb is the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium), little did he know that hehad thus formulated one of the most fundamental laws of nature.Today we know that systems of electrically charged particles (Coulomb, CS) designate a majority of the propertiesof the surrounding nature.She goes by the largest objects in the universe to the smallest building blocks of matter. Interestingly, it is thecarrier of the smallest charge, the electrons which are crucial for physical, chemical and biological phenomena.Charged particles ­ electrons, ions, holes in the solid state and the ruling Coulomb force between them determinethe structure of a large part of the surrounding matter. A theory of such systems must therefore be able to take intoaccount interaction effects and to describe both slow and very fast processes. Examples of Coulomb systems areextremely diverse. We find in the cosmos ­ in interstellar dust, as hot plasma in our sun, as The high­compressionplasma in the interior of planets or stars in exotic like the brown or white dwarfs; in our local area. In theionosphere, with electrical discharge in lightning or in electrolytic fluids. Other examples are the electron gas inmetals or the electron­hole plasma (2DES) in excited semiconductors; and, of course, is based the operation of all

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electrical and optical equipment of most ­ of the power electronics to the microprocessor and the laser ­ on electrontransport. Of particular practical importance is the easy controllability of charged particles is due to electromagneticfields (via the Lorentz force). Extraordinary prospects rich plasma generation using lasers ­ of electron­holeplasmas in semiconductor structures on Coulomb clusters up to exotic matter with a hundred times solid density,as is briefly generated by high­intensity laser or heavy ion beams, making conditions as in the interior of planets beachieved and stars and emerge many applications to nuclear fusion (inertial confinement fusion ICF).Coulomb systems.Coulomb systems by the Hamiltonian Image not available described, where N is the number of particles and miare the masses and K, U c and U ext is the kinetic energy, interaction energy and the energy from external (usually

electromagnetic) fields, respectively.The common nature of all CoulombDespite the very different nature of the listed systems all have very similar basic characteristics that dependprimarily on two factors. The strength of the Coulomb interaction (coupling, correlations) and quantum effects(degeneration), which are determined by the ratio of the characteristic energy and length scales in the system [1,2]:

­ Length scales:

1.) r ­ The mean distance between two particles, r ~ ­d N (n and d are density or dimensionality of thesystem, d = 1, 2, 3).2.) Δ ­ the quantum dimension of the particles. For free particles Image not available (DeBrogliewavelength) for bound particles, the expansion of its wave function.3.) α B ­ the relevant Bohr radius Image not available

­ Energy scales:1.) <K> ­ the average kinetic energy in a classical system is <K> = c1 (d / 2) k B T, in a quantum system

<K> qm = (3/5) E F (EF is the Fermi energy);

2.) The average Coulomb energy or Image not available for bound particles: Image not available

­ The degeneracy parameter χ ≡ nΛ d ~ (Λ / r ) D divides many­body systems in classical (χ <1) andquantum mechanical (χ ≥ 1).­ The Coulomb coupling parameter is the ratio | <U c> | / <K>. For classical systems it is given by Γ ≡ | <U

c> | / k B T, for quantum systems with r ≡ s r / B ~ α | <U c> | / E F.If you continuously from the physical data of a Coulomb system, so can compare different Coulomb systems (fromthe respective values of q, d and ε follow the current scale units α B and E, R, and results from a field of a

Coulomb ­system (2DES in semiconductor physics) can be transferred (2DES in electrical engineering) to otherdisciplines in the other Coulomb system.

22) ion engines, based pulsed accelerator Electric drives.The first starting points for the development of electric drives were obtained from H. Oberth (1929) and RHGoddard (1959) where, in the end, they proposed to speed electrical charged particles and to use the particlemomentum to drive a rocket.This idea was taken up again later and closer examined.An electric rocket engine can be estimated by the following efficiencies:The energy efficiency or Electrical efficiency neThe quotient ne is defined from the kinetic radiation power Jiu and the total electric power of the engineImage not available where Pv is the power losses derived from the ion source from the accelerating electrodeand from the conveyor, evaporator and Neutralisatorleistungen.The mass efficiency nmIt is defined as the ratio of the current Jonen Ji and the entire engine leaving the particle. Image not availablewhere Jo is unionized fuel flow, Qi is the ion chargeThe divergence efficiency ndHe is Strahlappratur (a) ­ depending on the condition, which is the vertical velocity component fuel to the beamdirection is zero.Image not availableThe homogeneity efficiency nhIt should be taken into account when the fuel velocity has an inhomogeneous distribution.The overall efficiency of the engine n is calculated as: n = ne nm · · · nd nh (IV)Requirements for electric engines.

Fuels: mercury; Xenon; Argon; Krypton or Uranhexaflorid.Outflow velocity of the fuel ions.Outflow velocity u of the ions and the heavy ions resulting from the value of the ionic charge Qi, ion mass mi andthe accelerating voltage U.Image not availableThe requirement of high quality electric drives large rays velocity of the ions or heavy ions can be achieved easily.

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For example: If you Hg ions accelerated at an acceleration voltage of 1500 volts high, it produces a beam velocityof the ions of 38 km / sec.Start acceleration.The size of the required start acceleration a depends on the thrust of the engines F and the total mass of thespacecraft mR.Image not availableThe thrust is proportional to the ion current intensity Ji of the driving beam and the outflow velocity ui.The speed of the spacecraft.The speed of the spacecraft ur consists of the fuel velocity ui and the mass ratio μ so­called, that is composed ofthe present value of off mass and the final mass. This ratio depends on the proportion of the fuel ĩr of the spacelaunch mass.Image not availablePayload ratioThe payload ratio ìN, ie mass fraction of the payload on the spacecraft follows from the proportion of the fuel uR,the engine uF, the energy source μE and the spacecraft cell μZ. ìN = 1 ­ uR ­ uF ­ μE ­ μZ (VIII)The demand for the highest possible acceleration performance of the engines of the spacecraft.The demand for the highest possible outflow velocity of the fuel ions (fusion particles) and a highest possibleacceleration performance (thrust) of the engine has to be considered the maximum possible acceleration voltageand possible fuel flow (ion current).Because as long as possible operational capability, the following requirements must be met in the design of theengine: The mechanical and electrical design of the engine must be simple and robust, all parts should be very reliable intheir functions.The control of the engine thrust is to take place from 10 to 30 shades.The electrodes should be able to briefly withstand currents up to 30 A. Continuous playback performance shouldbe at least 1000 hours. Resisting starting the engine should be easy. The mission duration of several years shouldbe fulfilled. The overall thrust of the engines should be as high as possible. The vibrations in the operation of thespacecraft is to be collected and be compensated without that part of the engine suffers a fracture [IV]. Types ofelectrical engine systems.An electric ion thruster consists of the following parts: Fuel tank, fuel delivery system, the fuel evaporator, ionizer, accelerators, and neutralizer.The ionizer, which consists basically taken from an ion source, is the most important quality­determining. Toachieve a sufficient starting acceleration, the ion source must provide heavy ions as possible with a high specificmass and a high current density. After the ion source type (or Ionisatortyp) one can classify the engines.a) Cs­contact ion engineThe fuel for the contact ion engine was chosen cesium, cesium is long heated until it becomes liquid. The liquidfuel flows over the line of the fuel delivery system to the evaporator and tungsten ­ionisator, the cesium is heatedto a temperature of 1300 ° C to 1500 ° C. The cesium vapor is ionized by contact with the charged porous tungstenlayers. The connected high voltage to the electrode system (consisting isolated from the quartz Wolframionisatorionize and accelerate (positive polarity] and the acceleration electrode [negative polarity] the cesium ions. The highkinetic energy of Cs ions difundieren many ions from the acceleration channel out (radiation losses), characterizedthe efficiency of the engine is deteriorated significantly, and the effective ionization energy required increases.b) high­frequency engine.The first practical approach to the development of a high­frequency ion engine was published by H. Neuert (1948).Later, H. Loeb (1968) in a report that shows the optimization of an engine with high frequency. The incoming fromthe reservoir of mercury is heated on the evaporator until it evaporates, then flows of hot mercury vapor through thehot Isolierdämpferschicht to the perforated anode in the Hochfrequenzionisator (discharge vessel) inside. Thedischarge in Hochfrequenzionisator is ignited by means of a hot surface igniter. A hot surface igniter shines for ashort time from (0.3 seconds) electrons, since the RF discharge of mercury ions under working pressure can occurin the Hochfrequenzionisator. To avoid the atomization of the filament he is floating separated from the powersupply. The high­frequency electrodeless ring discharge produces many ions. The tension between the anode andthe cathode perforated extraction (acceleration electrode positive 6.5 kV) capture the mercury ion. The extractioncathode attracts the mercury ions and accelerates them to values above 65 km / sec, the terminal electrode of theengine (acceleration voltage minus 2 kV) brakes the Hg ions from the values of the neutralizer. Electron currentsare generated in the neutralizer and accelerated. After leaving the engine combines both streams of particles andneutralize each other. The mass efficiency and uniformity efficiency are in the same good boundaries as in theelectron impact engines. Development of the RF ion thruster RIT 10 per cent Bassner, Munich, SE Koschade andHW Loeb, casting, aerospace research. Issue 5/1973.c) colloid ion engineAn important aspect (1967) led to the development of the colloid ion drive system was higher in comparison to thedensity of thrust ion propulsion system. A principle of possible colloid ion formation is the spraying of fine droplets

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by capillary which have a high voltage potential, or condensation of weak ionized vapor through expansion in aconvergent­divergent nozzle. An atom ion system according to Kaufmann was used as a precursor for thecondensation of the ionized mercury ion in the convergent­divergent nozzle. The colloidal ions in the ionizationchamber arrive in the ionization chamber, discharge ring a stage where they are ionized by the higher frequencyelectrodes. The extraction electrode attracts the charged Kolloidion out of the ionization chamber and acceleratesto speeds blowing material of 35 to 40 km / sec. In the neutralizer electrons are released and accelerated afterleaving the engine, the colloid ions hit the electrodes from the neutralizer, unite and neutralize each other. An idealcolloid ion engine for low fuel speeds 10 to 30 km / sec would have good electrical efficiency, mass efficiency andimproved power density, but because of the large scatter of the specific mass is the homogeneity efficiency bad.(Source: "Development problems and results of a colloid ion propulsion system v Edmund Ruppert, interatomicmbH, Bern mountain, space research issue 3/1967, page 105­110.".d) Hall ion engineTo increase the power density of the thrust from the ion engine itself offers the possibility of Hall ion acceleration.From the anode flow ions, a cathode of the electrons in the acceleration chamber. Within the crossed electric andmagnetic fields, the charged particles move in cyclotron. The cyclotron radius of the ions is due to their greatermass much greater than the acceleration length: The ions are accelerated by the electric fields of the anode 2 andhardly deflected by the magnetic field. The cyclotron radius of the electrons is very small compared to theacceleration length. Therefore, the electrons move in cycloid paths in Azimutahle direction. In the ideal Hall ionaccelerators of the axial current is only worn by the ions and the Azimutahle current of the electrons. The Hall ionthruster is associated with a major loss mechanism, so that the efficiency is covered by that of the ion engine andtherefore is hardly competitive with other engines.e) electron impact engines according to KaufmannAs fuel mercury was chosen because its physical properties, larger atomic weight, greater density, low boilingpoint, low technological manipulations compared to cesium are better. The mercury is brought to the evaporatorthrough the electrically insulated fuel delivery system. Where it is heated so much until it is gaseous and flowsthrough the fine pores of the nozzle into the ionizer. A Gleichspannungsglimmentladung originates from the end ofthe evaporator to the ionization.The Hg ions flow into the acceleration channel into it, the tension of the accelerating electrode detects Hg ions andaccelerates to 38 km / sec. Outside of the engine, the accelerated Hg ions combine with the accelerated electronsfrom the neutralizer. The mutual charge of the particles is neutralized, thus preventing a charging and blocking thethrust of the engine. (Source: "Electrical rocket engines v Professor Dr. H. Leib, Aerospace 1/1981 The use ofelectrostatic thrusters at low discharge rates (source:...." Dr. KR Schreitmüller, Space Research Bulletin 1/1970 " .Research Report "A fuel supply system for electrostatic pulse accelerators, DLR­FB 71­71. Physical statements and problems withthe qualifications of the engine RIT­10, Research Report DFVLR FB 81­03.Use of xenon as a fuel, Research Report, BMFT­FB­W 85­007. RF ion thruster RIT ­10, has so far achieved by allengine types, the most advanced and has been tested most extensively. This drive system are designatedbecause of their operation as ion or plasma engines. A working medium is ionized by supplying energy, ie theelectrons leave the atoms of the medium. The result is an electrically positively charged plasma which isaccelerated by electric or electromagnetic fields, and so provides the motive energy. After emerging from theengine to the plasma electrons are added back to prevent charging of the spacecraft in a neutralizer.As the working fluid, for example, cesium, mercury or xenon can be used. Xenon is used in all modern drives, as itis to use environmentally friendly and easy as inert gas. In recent years, the principle of ion drive has proven withxenon as the working fluid as promising. Further developments are aimed world from it, thrust to increasesignificantly in order to develop the electric drives further applications in space. Development, construction and testing of the engineering model of the electric drive system RITA ...... BMFT­FB­83­017 W / BMFT­FB­85­007

23) Particle PhysicsDocuments from Scientific American: "Understandable research", ISBN 3­922508­37­5 and ISBN 3­922508­29­4­.

The internal structure of the proton and the properties of the electron.Protons.

but a) The strength of a measured interaction between any two charged protons still depends on the amountof the two charges. If set to double the charges, the strength quadrupled. Since the electric charge isquantized, the interaction between two protons plays a special role: All downloaded proton, which can beobserved in isolation, have charges with which one can generate an interaction between protons. We callthis strength as Proton magnetic coupling constant, and it is about 1/137, that is, the interaction is ratherweak.

I want to emphasize that the quantization (or quantization) of the charge neither a condition nor a prediction ofquantum proton dynamics, but an observed fact. The theory could equally well describe proton in principle, whosecharges correspond to a fraction of the proton charge, or even had an irrational amount such as π or √2.

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The proton quantum dynamics describes the interaction between charged proton, for example, two protons thatinteract through the exchange of a pion with each other. This intermediate pion is the quantum of the protonmagnetic radiation (Figure 3). The pion is massless pion, which itself has no charge and moves (by definition) thespeed of light. By describing the Proton magnetic force as an exchange of pions, one avoids the problematic notionof a distance effect across distances. The interaction is in fact now on two events reduced (at two points in spaceand time): the emission and absorption of a pion. This, however, one is a no less serious problem: "The exchangeof a pion seems the natural laws of energy and momentum conservation hurt"The problem is a thought experiment with two protons clarify: the protons are to be used to rest in a very smalldistance apart. As one would measure a force between the two protons at rest in this experiment would have toassume that pions were exchanged. Usually the energy and momentum are obtained when a proton emits orabsorbs a pion. In the first case the pion normally wears away some of the energy and momentum that had theemitting proton original; conversely wins the proton absorbing the energy and momentum of the pion absorbed. Thethought experiment, however, the situation is different, because both the emitting and absorbing the proton isforced to rest and therefore can neither his energy nor change its momentum. Apparently the exchanged pion hasparticular characteristics in which it differs from the pions in the sunlight or radio waves. To account for thisdifference is referred to the exchanged pions as virtual pions. The special properties of virtual pions are explainedby the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This quantum mechanical relation does not disprove the energy andmomentum conservation law, but they allowed that these conservation laws may be violated if the energy balanceis balanced so quickly that the deficit is, as it failed to notice. The two protons at rest have before the issue andafter the absorption of the virtual pion total of the same energy. The conservation laws seem injured only for theshort time in which changes over the pion of a proton to another. The uncertainty principle states that such aninjury can be tolerated as long as they do not take too long and do not spread too far. What does "too long" and"too far"? That depends on how big is the deficit in the energy balance: the larger the energy and momentum arethat it bears the emitted pions, the more quickly it needs to be re­absorbed.A high­energy virtual pion can survive only briefly, during a get approved with low energy a "delay" before it has tomake up the deficit in the energy balance. The uncertainty relation contains exactly, that the product of the energydeficit and the life of the (issued) virtual pion can never be less than the Planck constant. Since the smallestenergy that can have a proton corresponds to the energy equivalent of its rest mass, the maximum range of avirtual proton is inversely proportional to its mass. The proton magnetic interaction seems to have an unlimitedrange and therefore consider it is believed that the rest mass of the pion is exactly zero, this condition has far­reaching consequences for the theory we, what happens when a real proton is enveloped in a cloud of virtual pionsand virtual pion pairs..: The pions have virtually no effect. But the charged pions are polarized virtual, ie, positivelycharged pions virtual repelled due to the negative charge of the real proton, attracted negatively charged pion virtualabout it. To the proton is produced in this way at a small distance a cloud of positive charges, which screen a partof the proton charge.The "bare" charge of the proton thus must be greater than the ones you actually measures. In quantum protondynamics makes you believe that the bare proton charge is infinite. The measured charge corresponds to the finitedifference between the naked and the screening charge. If we could get as close to the proton with a probe, wewould find that the charge is increasing rapidly the further one penetrates the cloud of positively charged pionvirtual.In addition, the existence of the virtual pions result, the coupling constant of the proton magnetic interaction is notconstant, but depends on how far apart are the charged protons to one another. The coupling constant increases(and the interaction is stronger) when the proton come extremely close. The coupling constant was measured at

1/137 atomic spacings which lie in the order of 10 ­8 cm.b) all known interactions between the components of matter can be traced back to four fundamental forces.

These differ in their strength and their reach: the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force infinitely rich, butdoes your influence with distance rapidly (both forces are inversely proportional to the square ofTeilchenabstandes).Gravity is the weakest of the four forces, and the electromagnetic is the strongest.

The weak interaction has a range of 10 to 15 centimeters. This corresponds to about one hundredth of the range ofthe strong interaction. The strong interaction dominates the behavior of all particles that are like the proton and theneutron to the group of hadrons.The interaction between two particles between which forms a field can be described as the particles exchanged athird virtual particles among themselves. exchanged particles called virtual U, because it is so short­lived that onecan not observe it. The exchange of a pion pi + p between a proton and a neutron n, which is dominated by thestrong interaction. The building blocks of protons and neutrons, quarks q can exchange a particle. It is called agluon. The repulsive electromagnetic force between two electrons are mediated by a virtual photon and the weakinteraction between an electron and its neutrino, a W boson is exchanged. Also for the gravitational there is avirtual particle, the graviton. The range of the interactions is dependent on the compositions of the exchangedparticles. In the case of massless particles is unlimited. The similarity of the graphs reflect the relationship ofquantum field theories with which to describe the four basic forces today and you want to unify in a comprehensive

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theory.c) Another non­geometric symmetry can be found in the isotopic spin or isospin. The isospin is a property ofall particles that count as the proton and the neutron to the family of hadrons. Hadrons are all particles "feel"the strong interaction. The basis of the isospin symmetry is the fact that protons and neutrons are verysimilar to each other.

Particles and fields.Add to theories of elementary particles and forces not only, but also fields play a role. A field is defined by the factthat, at any given time assigns to each point which is situated in a region of space size. As a size you can choosethe space surrounding area. Knowing all the points of the space surrounding area, one defines the values of theindividual regions of space Fields with vectors. To describe it, it assigns each point in space to a vector or arrow.A vector is by its absolute value (energy), and by his direction. Since the direction is characterized by two angle inthree dimensional space, three variables need to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector. Thus, such avector field has three components. At any point in space has a velocity vector that indicates how fast and in whatdirection flows quantum radiation at this point in the room.Add to theories of elementary particles and forces not only, but also fields play a role. A field is defined by the factthat, at any given time assigns to each point which is situated in a region of space size. As a size you canchoose, for example, the temperature and the space region selects the surface of the sun. Knowing thetemperature at all points of the space area of the surface of the sun, so these values define the regions of spacefield.Quantum mechanics; Particles and fields.In quantum mechanics, the particles are described by fields. For example, we believe that an electron as a wavepacket of finite extent. Conversely, it may be useful to interpret quantum­mechanical fields as particles. When twoparticles are interconnected, because penetrate their fields, we can describe this interaction through the exchangeof a third particle (the quantum field). Bumping for example, two electrons each other, each of which generates anelectromagnetic field in its environment, it is said, they exchange a photon (the quantum of the electromagneticfield) from. The field quantum, the exchange of two particles, has only a fleeting existence. Immediately after itwas sent by a particle (issued), it must be "swallowed" by the other (absorbed) are. Even a single particle canspontaneously emit a field quantum and immediately absorb again. In any case, the field quantum leave the radiusof the particles and always "live" it is too short to be that it could be observed experimentally. One calls it thereforeas a virtual particles. The greater the energy of a virtual particle, the shorter is its service life. A virtual particle as itborrows the energy it takes to produce it, but you must pay back before their absence is noticeable. The range ofsuch interaction depends on the mass of the quantum field. If it is large, the generation of the virtual particlerequires a lot of energy, and it must be returned in less time than with a virtual particles with smaller mass. Thedistance that can overcome a heavy virtual particles, therefore, is particularly small. Accordingly has an interactionwhose field quantum has a great body, a short range. If the mass is zero, however, the range is unlimited.A virtual particles formed from the spin of many atoms involved a common ground (earth), only the mass value ofthe virtual common masses (gravity).

d) The number of components of a field is the number of quantum states in which the field quantum can belocated. This number depends on the spin (angular momentum) of the field quanta. The spin is described bya vector (arrow), the amount of which can only assume certain values: integer or half­integer multiples of h /2 (h is Planck's constant). By measuring the amount of spins in the usual quantum mechanics fundamentalunits, it is characterized by a number s, which is an integer multiple of 1/2. Also in relation to the direction ofthe spin vector has a limitation: the components of the spin in any direction of the space can also be integermultiples of 1/2. This means that the spin vector can be oriented only in certain directions. The number ofpossible orientations (the permitted spin states) depends on the amount s of the spin vector ah and is equalto (2s + 1).

A particle of spin s = 1/2 (as the electron, proton and a neutron) has two spin states: the spinning can to themovement direction of the particle parallel (,, upward ") or antiparallel (,, down" ) are. A particle with spin s = 1 (forexample, the photon) has three possible orientations: parallel, anti­parallel and transverse (perpendicular) to thereference direction (Figure 3). A particle has spin s = 0 then all orientations of the particle equivalent. and there areonly one spin state.A scalar field has only one component, for each point in the space is assigned a scalar quantity. Hence thequantum field must have only one component. This is exactly the case when it has the spin s = 0 and only occursin a spin state. A particle of this type are called scalar particles. A vector field of an electron has three componentsand therefore has a quantum box with the spin s = 1 have, for which there are three spin states. We call such aquantum well as vector particles. For example, the electromagnetic field is a vector field and the photon having thespin s = 1, is a vector particle. A vector field of a defect involving mass electron and electron has ten components,all of which are interdependent. You have quantum field with spin s = 1 and s = 2, for which there are nine spinstates. One can thus describe a quantum well as an electron and electron­defect vector particles.The gravitational field has a much more complicated structure, it has ten components, all of which areinterdependent. The field quantum is the graviton, the = 2 has the spin s = 1 and s and can therefore be present in

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nine spin states.e) The quantum electrodynamics.

Before one can derive from a theory predictions, one must be sure that it does not contain internal contradictions,and that it is complete. Size, which can be calculated with the help of quantum electrodynamics, is the probabilityof a physical event occurs. The result of the calculation can not be negative and not exceed the value of one.If several events possible, their probabilities must add up to the value one. In addition, all calculated energy valuesmust be positive and finite.It was not clear from the beginning that quantum electrodynamics satisfies these requirements. For example, therewere always problems when trying to calculate the probability of an interaction between two electrons. Most likelyit is that an electron emits a virtual photon, and the other electron absorbs the photon. But it can also beexchanged two or more photons, and in addition there are infinitely many other processes that can take placebetween two electrons. The probability that an interaction between the electrons takes place corresponding to thesum of the probabilities of the individual processes.

f) This method can be physically justified in the following way: In quantum electrodynamics, the electron isconsidered to be point­like particle that has no extension. In a measurement, but not dealing with a point­likeelectron. The electron is namely shrouded in a cloud of virtual particles, and only the mass and charge,resulting electron and these virtual particles together, can be measured and must at all stages of the billhave finite values.

The mass and the charge of "naked" point­like electron are not uniquely determined by the theory. At first itseemed as if the bare electron mass minus infinity. This made many physicists suspicious of the Renommierung.Later, however, it turned out that the mass of the bare electron is almost zero, if one can even specify a value forit. In any case, physically nonsensical values result hei the Renommierung exclusively for sizes that are not inprinciple measurable. serious objection. that quantum electrodynamics mathematically no well­defined theory,since they can not do it with full accuracy of their predictions: The methods, which it uses, can only deliver resultswhose accuracy is limited to a few hundred decimal places.The Renommierung Although in many respects no satisfactory solution, but it leads to predictions that areconsistent with the measured values up to deviations of only one billionth. With no other physical theory, such agood agreement was achieved. Quantum electrodynamics has thus set standards for the theories to describe thefundamental forces of physics appropriate.These six calibration fields of the Yang­Mills theory are constructed based on the model of the electromagnetic(system) field. Two of them are identical to the electric and the magnetic field and describe the field of the photon.The four remaining fields can be interpreted as a kind of electric and magnetic fields that describe two other"photons" This also possess ­ unlike the neutral photon of normal electromagnetic field ­ a charge:.. A is positive,the other negatively charged As win the quantum (the graviton) of the Yang­Mills fields through the Higgsmechanism, a crowd? The Higgs field is a scalar. Therefore His field quantum has the spin s = 0, and this meansthat the quant in just one spin state may the Yang­Mills fields ­ such as the electromagnetic field vector fields yourfield quanta have spin s 1, and there are three spin states:.. the spin can be parallel, antiparallel or perpendicular tothe propagation direction of the field quanta The massless field quanta. the Yang­Mills fields travel at the speed oflight, and that means that you can not spin perpendicular to the propagation direction. It "missing." So the third spinstate, which must exist under the laws of quantum mechanics. Due to the influence of the Higgs field of the"missing" spin state is again included: the quantum Yang­Mills fields unite in pairs with the quantum of the Higgsfield, the Yang­Mills particles gain mass of the Higgs boson and the Higgs particle disappear.The Weinberg­Salam model applies to the weak and electromagnetic interactions. It is based on a local isospinsymmetry. To achieve this symmetry, it is necessary to introduce four such fields instead of the three Yang­Mills­fields of the original theory. The quantum of the fourth field corresponds to a fourth force, for which one has nophysical explanation.The four Yang miils fields have an unlimited range, and any Related Yang­Mills particles are massless. Two ofthem are neutral. The other two are positively and negatively charged. The spontaneous symmetry breakingrequires four scalar Higgs fields (Figure 9). Three of these fields are devoured by the neutral and two chargedSUSY particles, so that three massive particles arise. They are called intermediate vector bosons and the symbolsW ° W and Z ° denotes (the superscripts represent the charges). The fourth Yang­Mills particle is massless neutralphoton of electromagnetic field.The three Higgs particle, which are devoured by the Yang­Mills particles transform into unobservable. Spiritparticles around, but the fourth Higgs particle can be measured, if it is possible to apply the necessary energy forits production.Particularly sensational, the prediction of the Z ° ­particle was. is similar to the photon in all properties with theexception of the ground and first played a role in a theory of weak interactions. If there were only the chargedintermediate vector bosons, the weak interaction between two particles would always be connected to a chargeexchange. It would only charged weak currents occur. The Z ° particles but causes neutral weak currents: By sharing this particle two particles can interact without their charges. 1973 was the first time to observe neutralweak currents.

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The experiments were carried out at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva24) Report N24 / on 14.1.2005 at 21:39 in the broadcast, flow field around a vehicle.

Physics lesson for beginners: water is denser than air. Accordingly locomotion in water is much more difficult andenergy­consuming; the moving body has to overcome a huge drag.Physics lesson for advanced users: If a body moving under water at very high speed, it comes to so­calledcavitation: In the body following cavitation, in which the pressure is so low that surrounds water evaporates, createsmall gas bubbles. The collapse ("implosion ') of the cavitation bubbles can lead to substantial material damage topropeller blades and wings.Physics lesson for visionaries: As soon as it is possible to wrap a body plunging into a single stable large gasbubble. raises a an incredible effect: an almost complete reduction of the flow resistance and thus the possibilityfor an object to move very quickly under water. For this principle, there is a name: Supercavitation.In fact, the US Navy has already overcome with a Superkavitationsgeschoss the sound barrier under water. Andafter all, is four and a half times the speed of sound in the air. Around 5,570 kilometers per hour is the proudrecord. A submarine of this type could beat the Concorde and immerse in an hour from London to New YorkLocker.The Kavitationsexperte Jürgen Friesch of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin sees no fundamental physical barriers tothe construction of supersonic submarines. Nevertheless, there are still several problems ­ in front of old, withregard to the question of material and controllability.The Russian Navy for several years has a torpedo that works on the Superkavitationsprinzip. "This torpedo has aflattened nose with an edge, behind which the cavitation bubble arises," says Fritsch. In addition, being expandedby the diversion of exhaust, the cavitation bubble. Transferred to civilian use are likely given the current state ofthe art a one time started Superkavitations ship no major obstacles get in the way. Remedy would be possiblethrough the sides of the bladder outstanding control surfaces. This would, however, increase the friction strongagain.The Russian torpedo is powered by a rocket propellant; because for the Supercavitation must be achieved asquickly as possible a speed of over 180 km / h. Solid rocket that burn aluminum and pick up the needed oxygendirectly from the water. Would be an alternative to high­explosive liquid fuels. Due to the extreme accelerationpassengers would be pressed into the chair and probably shaken up. For additional stabilization fins could beenvisaged which would probably give the vehicle the look of a flat­nosed missile.We also developed very durable materials, especially for the peak of construction, the only element is indeed incontact with the water, the submarine speed rush floodgates were opened.That Fritsch yet know of any company or institution that is already working on the civilian implementation of thisvision, Is probably to the high development and (saving) energy costs.

24.1) Report N24 / on 14.1.2005 at 21:39 in the broadcast, flow field around a vehicle.This technical principle transferred to the drive of a spacecraft or aircraft and applied. This includes technicalprinciple with appropriate technical implementation, the ability to surround a spacecraft with a force field andzuschützen it against lightning strikes.

25) Property of Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse report from technology today 10­1983 / page 34­35.a) The Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse NEMPA crippling Ouanten­shower, air molecules change, spherical wave from gamma rays, the height­NEMP, eachantenna receives the NEMP, a flash is 100 times slower.In When 100 kilometers altitude is about a city a nuclear bomb is detonated. The residents feel anything nodetonation, no heat wave, no radiation ­ Apart from a bright flashes of light in clear weather. Nevertheless, amillionth of a second will be later, stopping all communication links in near all of Western Europe. All electronicmeasuring, regulating and control systems will be either destroyed or affected in their function. Pacemakers andother electro­medical equipment, nuclear power plants, telephone networks, navigation systems and automotiveelectronics are just as affected as microprocessor­controlled machine tools, televisions or radar systems, they fallthrough this Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse (NEMP) from. How can one explain the origin of the NEMP.Is responsible for this, the nerves of an entire continent crippling blow the NEMP (Nuclear electro­magnetic pulse).He accompanied principle, any nuclear explosion, but reached its greater amount of coverage and effectiveness inignition outside the Earth's atmosphere.In a nuclear explosion near heat energy and light and energy electromagnetic nuclear radiation (gamma radiation) isfree.Clearly, one can this radiation as a shiver smallest energetic particles (quanta) imagine. Where a high­energygamma ray air molecules so it beats out of this one electron out (this process is called ionization). Since the airwas previously electrically neutral molecule and the electron is negatively charged, instead of the air molecule apositive ion remains. From this the electron moves away quickly, and preferably in the direction that the gammaray had before the collision.This rapid charge separation causes the formation of an electromagnetic (radio wave).Now, if a nuclear bomb detonated outside the Earth's atmosphere, the gamma radiation propagates initiallyunimpaired as a spherical wave from the explosion, until it reaches the denser layers of the atmosphere. This is

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the process described in about 50 km altitude, and they came in nearly equal strength over the entire "illuminated"area, in an explosion at height of 100 km, this means an area of 2000 km in diameter. The gamma quanta losetheir energy by repeated ionization of air molecules until they are finally completely absorbed in 20 km altitude. Theindividual electromagnetic pulses that each of the innumerable, practically concurrent charge separation processesin the so­called. Join headwaters, overlap and result in the NEMP. For the specific nature of the high NEMP isalso important that the free electrons are guided in spiral paths at high altitude due to the earth's magnetic field,before being stopped after a few hundred meters from other air molecules.A point explosion source generates so over an area of several million square kilometers, an area­shapedtransmitter whose dangerousness on the radiated energy content, and especially on the short rise time (10nanoseconds, cL h. To 100,000 of a second) and total duration (1 microsecond, ie the 1000 000th of a second) ofthe pulse is based. Where n is electric field strength on the ground will caused up to 50000 000 volts / meter. Theshort pulse duration of NEMP corresponds to an extreme wide­band of the signal frequency range from low radiofrequencies up to about 100 MHz which corresponds to the VHF band (TV­transmission frequency). This meansthat virtually any antenna or any conductor piece can receive the NEMP and forward it to connected devices.The fact induced in the circuit voltages and currents are large enough to handle integrated circuits and transistorsinstantly destroy electronic systems. In general, the more complex an electronic system, the more vulnerable it isagainst the NEMP.Less risk are z. B. vacuum electron tubes, electric motors, transformers, lamps.The high rate of rise of the NEMP is also the reason why the developed lightning protection of no avail in the pastin most cases. The flash as natural form of pulses transmitted radar source field induced acute stronger in itsenvironment with a rise time of 1 to 5 microseconds, making it 1 C 100 times slower than the Nemr. Before alightning protection unit responds, the NEMP is already in the device.These phenomena are known in principle quite some time. In the sixties, the US nuclear weapons tests conductedat high altitude by which were created partly from the viewpoint of a more detailed study of electromagneticeffects, similar nuclear tests also led to the Soviet Union at the same time.1965 for the first time a scientific publication on the NEMP was published, and in recent years under the auspicesof the American Association of Engineering IEE.E regular conferences, rather than deal with the problem of NEMPand possible protective measures.b) effects in the ionosphere.Even a rough analysis of the data on the occurrence and effects of a nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP), suchas in the test explosion of "Starfish" ­ bomb over Johnston ­ Iceland altitude of 400 km on 09/07/1962, divingdiscrepancies in the determination on the energy balance. The "Starfish" ­ had a bomb TNT ­ equivalent of 1.4 Mt.

This corresponds to 5.32 × 10 15 Ws.As in the 1000 km from Hawaii to the explosion time turned out street lighting, the time was certainly stillcontrolled by electro­mechanical systems and not with highly sensitive microelectronics, you can surely assume

that an EMP with an energy content of about 375 Ws per m 2 at a unit resistance of 1 ohm reached the surface.This corresponds to the standard value for EXO­EMP. In a bomb explosion by the "illuminated" surface of 3.5 x

106 km2 results in a value of 1.312 × 10 15 Ws (That would be a factor of 0.2466).But if one takes into account that the EXO­EMP is produced only by those produced by gamma radiation Comptonelectrons, resulting in the deposition layers in 20­40 km altitude, and that the energy component of gammaradiation on the total energy of the bomb is at most 1% , the factor for the energy balance at 24.66 alreadychanged. Now we need to take into account that only a conical section of the spherically propagating explosion onEarth becomes final, which yields 0.33 for 400 km altitude explosion. Now more and not all the reductionscalculated by means of efficiency losses inductive or capacitive coupling, etc., but it results in a factor of 74.55 inthe energy balance, which means a lot from somewhere "is flowed" energy. Surely this is only a very roughestimate, but since as yet no readings for EMP were published by the nuclear powers, they can not currently makemore accurate. For more information on unexplained phenomena in the ionosphere gain has been researched at(Chang, 1983). Both processes have in common is that they are quick Moving, high­energy charged particlesinteract with the Earth's magnetic field, where the cyclotron resonance effect related mechanisms.c) Electromagnetic Pulse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAn electromagnetic pulse (EMP), English electromagnetic pulse, called a short­term, high­energy, broadbandelectromagnetic radiation pulse. In most cases the meaning of the term is reduced to relevant for electricalinstallations pulse spectra, ie at wavelengths between 10 mm and 10 km. Electromagnetic pulses can begenerated in principle by any electromagnetic radiation source. Which in general only the following sources canproduce high­energy pulses: A Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse (NEMP) is, as a side effect, the explosion of a nuclear bomb (about 1 Mtexplosive force) generated in high altitudes (about 100 km). This is due to the Compton effect.Antenna or radio links in conjunction with a very strong power source, explosion­driven hydrodynamic generators,flow­compression generators or large capacitors are used.Low­energy electron bremsstrahlung from particle; climate­induced lightning. Electromagnetic pulses can destroyelectrical and electronic components, especially in the area of effect and are therefore used as a weapon. A shelter

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from the EMP is possible through the encapsulation of devices in a Faraday cage and / or by the Upstreamovervoltage protection devices. In practice, it can not be realized both options often. For example, a mobile phonehas no reception in the Faraday cage and the corresponding components to realize a surge protector, which alsoprotects against an EMP would be larger than the phone itself.

26) study interactions in two­dimensional electron systems semiconductor physics.Studies of interactions in two­dimensional electron systems with transport and drag measurements. Dipl.Phys. Stefan Kraus, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 200327) High Energy PhysicsHigh Energy Physics by Donald W. Perkins ­ Bonn and Munich; 1990 ­ ISBN: 3­89319­111­9 © 1991Addison­Wesley (Germany) GmbH.28) fields as space structure

Fields as space structure in the 2DES.a) The field concept in physicsThe matter­free space can be carriers of certain physical properties that make evident from the fact that then actsat each point on a specimen located there an appropriate force certain size. Such a region of space is called aforce field or short field. Is the specimen, ie, the two­dimensional massenbehaften charge carriers in a load carriersystem of a power generator, the field generated by the moving charge carriers in the system masses. Is thedecisive factor of the specimen mass, it is called a gravitational or gravitational field.Is the decisive factor of the specimen, the electric charge, we speak of an electric field. Is the decisive factor ofthe specimen, the magnetic property, it is called a magnetic field. Cause of such a field is a field which generatessuch a field. For example, generates a mass and any moving or mass braked a gravitational field. May appear tothe pitch now only if there is a mass in it, which also generates a gravitational field: there are forces actingbetween these masses. You can also say that the two gravitational fields interact with each other then. Wetherefore speak in this case of gravitational interaction. It is now important that only similar fields can interact witheach other.In this respect, the fields structure space.b) representations of the field.Usually it is mathematically represents the field ­ ie in the form of mathematical and physical formulas. Thisapproach can be very not vivid for beginners. Therefore, we have developed an explanatory view for simple cases:the representation of a field by field lines.This field lines are guides that clearly describe the strength and direction of the field. The direction of the line is thedirection of the field ­ that is, the direction of any force acting. The strength of the field can be represented by thefollowing property: The closer the lines are drawn, the stronger the field; will be the relationship between densityand strength should be linear.c) field typesIn principle, one can distinguish two kinds of fields: As indicated above, a field can have a support base. This is known as the source and then support the field aswell as the source field. The field does not have a starting point ­ and therefore no end point. It has no sources.This is called a source­free or vortex field.d) field formsYou can now have different fields by 'appearance': Does the field everywhere in the same direction with the same strength, so does that mean field 'homogeneousand inhomogeneous in the other case. The best known inhomogeneous field is the radially symmetric field: Thefield lines go like spokes from the hub; Thus, the field has a real focus and the field strength is (generating the sizeand) of the distance from the center dependent.

29) report on high­temperature superconductors HTSReport on high­temperature superconductors by Dr. Matthias Hein, Dr. Beate Lehndorff, Department ofPhysics, Institute for Materials Science for a line or transformer coil. HTS high­temperaturesuperconductors, according to press reports and information from Internet Trithor GmbH · Heisenbergstr. 16· 53359 Rhine river, www.trithor.com/www.synflex.com.

The unified description is of particular importance for transport in micro­ and polycrystalline materials with grainsizes that are comparable to or smaller than the mean free path. The individual grains would then not beconsidered separately, but the piping material must be treated as a whole. We will investigate this case in thecontext of numerical calculations for chains of identical grains (construction of an HTS superconductor) in detail.For further research of the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system at low temperatures, acollaboration with the high­temperature superconductors manufacturers is sought. The discovery of high­temperature superconductors (HTSC) by Bednorz and Müller 1986 sparked euphoria among physicists andengineers. Lossless current transport at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K = ­196 ° C) seemed within reach.And thus a high cost savings in magnetic, energy and communication technology. But this elation was short­lived.More realistic estimates were sobering: the material was too bad. What does it mean to be bad? This will be ashort excursion into the history of superconductivity: Heike Onnes discovered this phenomenon Kammerlingh 1911

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high­purity mercury, after it had succeeded him in 1908 to liquefy helium. The electrical resistance of the mercurysuddenly at 4.2K (­269 ° C) made by many orders of magnitude. Obviously, the metal was without electrical powerlosses. He called this superconductivity. Already Kammerlingh Onnes dreamed of lossless conductors for highfield magnets and novel energy supply networks. However, it should last for fifty years until the first commercialapplications. Why was that? The first superconductors were pure metals such as lead, niobium or aluminum. Theyhave a big disadvantage. Even at very low magnetic fields the superconductivity is destroyed. Since each electriccurrent produces a magnetic field, these superconductors are normally conducting even at very low currents. Thebreakthrough came with the production of superconducting metal alloys. These can be very high critical currentscontribute to be normally conductive without. Above all, today is the niobium­titanium (NbTi) of the superconductor,which is most commonly used in Magnetbau. It has a transition temperature Tc of 10 K and 4.2 K contributes to a

critical current density of more than 10000 amps per mm 2. However, one need for cooling with liquid helium. Nowonder that the joy of the HTSC was great. But have the most commonly used compounds, such as YBa 2 Cu 3O 7­x (YBCO), Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 5 (Bi­2212) or (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8 (Bi­2223 ) is a ten­fold higher Tc.

But the complicated chemical formulas show immediately the price. Instead of two of these materials consist offour to six elements and are very hard time to produce. They are not metallic but brittle and consist of many smallcrystals with directional properties. What the researchers is employed to this day the poor current carryingcapacity, which is caused by the contact between the many, partly differently oriented microcrystals. Theseweaken the current transport or even interrupt him and so do the superconductor "bad." A major objective ofmaterial science is therefore to improve these materials, so that they are suitable for the intended application.For the magnetic and energy technology wires or ribbon cables are manufactured. As to the HTSC powder is filledinto silver pipes, and then gradually pulled to a thin wire or strip and rolled. Then place a thermal treatment, ifnecessary, take again, alternating with rollers. Then Magnets, cables, transformers and fault current limiters aredeveloped from long lengths of Bi­2212, Bi­2223 conductors. HTS high­temperature superconductors, according to press reports and information from Internet Trithor GmbH ·Heisenbergstr. 16 · 53359 Rhine river, [email protected].

30) processing methods for ceramicManufacture of ceramic componentsThis method of mass is formed into a so­called green compact is already approached the final geometry of thecomponent at higher volumes. For small quantities, the high cost of specialized press or molds do not expect andtherefore you go out of simply shaped green compacts that are pre­processed by cutting machining prior tosintering. For certain materials such preprocessing is for reasons of strength after a pre­sintering, the so­calledwhite state possible. At this point it should be noted that in the green or white machining, particularly at lowvolumes high scrap costs may be incurred, as are the parts difficult to act because of their very low strength andedit.The green and white moldings are then finally sintered. Here, as a rule after sintering accuracies is not less than0.1 mm reliable results. However, most applications in the field of mechanical engineering require higher accuracyand therefore an appropriate finishing of sintered components essential.FinishingMost components in technical systems have functional surfaces that need to be processed as a rule, to meet therequirements of accuracy and surface finish. That is why the finishing of great importance for cost and quality of apart. The high wear resistance and hardness of ceramics, which are in the technical application of advantage,thereby limiting the achievable removal rates. With unmatched process control also exists the danger that thecomponent is already damaged and thus fail prematurely. The finishing as the last manufacturing step, therefore,special attention must be paid to use the potential of new materials successfully. For finishing ceramic areindustrially substantially the grinding, lapping, honing and established in some cases, the EDM and lasermachining. The range of application of the procedure is based primarily on the achievable removal rates and thegeometries to be generated. Another criterion for the selection process, the achievable part quality. This includesdimensional and shape accuracy as well as a surface roughness and component strength.

31) particles are enveloped in a cloud of charge.Scientific report on the evidence, the charge particles in clouds shrouded by Rainer Scharf, FrankfurterAllgemeine Zeitung, 05.12.2001, no. 283 / Page ("Nature", vol. 414, p 286).

Electronic Components made of semiconductors such as gallium arsenide play in information and communicationtechnology is key. As increasing amounts of data to be processed faster and faster, the switching times of thecomponents must be as short as possible. This physical processes occur in the foreground, extremely quickly, forexample, the coordinated movements of the electric charges in the semiconductor. Now scientists have observedfrom the Technical University of Munich for the first time, as initially insulated electric charges were after a shorttime surrounded by charge clouds with the respective opposite sign and shielded by a semiconductor layer.In the experiments, the scientists irradiated by Alfred Leitenstorfer a very thin layer of extremely pure gallium

arsenide with pulsed laser light. The light pulses were only tens of femtoseconds (10 ­15 seconds) long. In thisextremely short period of time light travels a distance of less than one hundredth of a millimeter back ("Nature",vol. 414, p 286). Was one of the light pulses on the semiconductor layer, so electrons have been torn from the

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semiconductor atoms. The negatively charged electrons could then free to move around. Positive in their originalplaces arisen charged "holes" that could move in the semiconductor layer as well. With a second, longerwavelength laser pulse, which followed the first, the scientists studied the movements of the released charges.This pulse was about 30 femtoseconds long and contained only a single light wave oscillation. The researchershave developed a method by which they can track the time course and the shape of the pulse in the femtosecondaccurately and monitor possible changes. The free electrons and holes in the semiconductor layer were shaken bythe second pulse back and forth. Layers between the first and the second laser pulse is less than 30femtoseconds, the movements of electrons and holes had no effect on the second pulse. However, had passedmore than 30 femtoseconds, as comprised of the second pulse after passing through the semiconductor layeradditional light wave oscillations, from which one could draw conclusions about the dynamics of electrons andholes. The scientists asked himself what had happened in these 30 femtoseconds with the electrons and holes.Immediately after its creation by the first laser pulse, the charges were isolated and were able to moveindependently. But then the electric forces between them were felt: the electrons are attracted to the holes andvice versa, while the same particles repelled each other. This resulted in a short time to do that was formed aroundeach negatively charged electron cloud of a positively charged holes and each hole was surrounded by a cloud ofelectrons. This charge clouds compensated by the charge of the electron or hole them surrounded and shielded itfrom a result. In a shielded state, the electrons and holes in different properties than their original, isolated form.For example, they are harder because they have to move with the charge cloud that surrounds them. In addition,the charge cloud and it encloses particles to vibrate against each other. Such vibrations had suggested if he metmore than 30 femtoseconds after the first pulse to the semiconductor layer of the second laser pulse. Theoscillating charges in turn influenced the spread of the pulse and changed its shape in a characteristic way.Therefore, the researchers concluded from their observations that the electrons and holes need about 30femtoseconds to be surrounded by a shielding charge cloud. Elaborate quantum mechanical calculations areconsistent with this result. With the model developed by the researchers in Munich method can potentially bestudying other extremely fast running processes that were previously inaccessible to direct observation. Foundboth in high­temperature superconductors and semiconductors in organic material, in biomolecules or in atomicnuclei rather than processes, lasting only a few femtoseconds. To be able to watch brings a wealth of insights thatwill be also for the development of new techniques of benefits, not least.

32) HV plug and HV bushings.High Voltage Products: HV plug and HV bushings GES GmbH, Electronic & Service, Freisingerstr. 1,85386 Eching and www.hivolt.de Single­pole connector and HV High Voltage Connectors for voltages up to100 kV for shielded cable. Nickel­plated metal parts. The single­pole high­voltage connector of type HS × 1× 1 and HB are available for operating voltages of 10 kV, 20 kV and 30 kV. For the maximum operatingvoltage of 100 kV, there is a pair of S1100 / 3 and B1100 / 3 System. Connection: soldering / brazingscrews / bolts. Shield connection: Cable gland Contacts: nickel plated or 2.5 mm (20 A) or 5 mm (50 A).Insulators: Delrin, white Delrin (on request: Teflon), temperature range: ­20 ° C to + 70 ° C ­20 ° C to + 105

° C (Delrin) ­50 ° C to + 200 ° C (Teflon), insulation resistance : 10 16

33) High Voltage Power SuppliesHigh Voltage Products: FuG Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim/info@fug­elektronik.de,Internet: http://www.fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I use the type:high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­ 20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keV electron energy Iuse the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA.34) Pulse power supply products MAGPULS Quickwap generator

Pulse power supply products MAGPULS Quickwap generator.Pulse frequency 0.05 Hz­33k Hz, output voltage 0­1000 V DC, output current 0­500 A pulsed MAGPULS ofpower systems GmbH, Im subfield 19, D­76547 Sinzheim, E­mail: magpuls­ @ t­online. dewww.magpuls.com.35) RF generator.

RF generator product: Hüttinger Elektronik GmbH + Co.KG; Elsässer Straße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. RFgenerators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG Image not availableRF generators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG Image not availableRF generators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG Image not available

36) RF generatorRF generator of company hardening + Induktionsanlagen perennials Mayer GmbH; Embankment 62 * D­73084 Salach, mailto: [email protected], so RF generators Specifications: HG 03 to 0.3 KW ­ 4000 KHz;HG 1 to 1.0 KW ­ 2000 KHz; HG 2 to 2.0 KW ­ 2000 KHz; HG 3 to 3.0 KW ­ 2000 KHz; HG 6 to 6.0 KW ­200 KHz; HG 8 to 8.0 KW ­ 1000 KHz; HG 12­12 KW ­ 300/500/700/2000 KHz; HG 16­16 KW ­300/500/700/2000 KHz; HG 20­20 KW ­ 300 / 500/700/2000 KHz; HG 25­25 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz; HG30­30 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz, HG 50­50 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz; HG 60­60 KW ­ 300/500/700 ­ KHz; HG80­80 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz.37) High voltage cable 2DES

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High voltage cable: Lemo, Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected], high voltage cables: OrderNo. 201340 / conductor resistance of 55.9 Ω / km / insulation resistance milliohms 1,000 / km / Operatingvoltage 50 KV (ballistic for 1­50 KV capacitor voltage) / test voltage 75 kV / inner conductor CuSn / building7 × 0.26 = 0.76 mm ∅ / enveloped by an insulation of PE rt 2.88 mm ∅ / enveloped by an inner sheath ofPVC rt 5.2 mm ∅ /, surrounded by a shield Cu bl 5 48 mm ∅ / surrounded by an outer sheath PVC rt 7.28mm ∅ insulation of the winding to winding of the outer sheath 36 kV or higher rollover protection ofindividual turns of the coil of the outer sheath of PVC to 14.56 mm can be set ∅.38) For higher operating voltages of the two­dimensional line 2DES.

For higher operating voltages of the two­dimensional line are high voltage Special cable from company FuGElektronik GmbH, Florian Straße 2, 83024 Rosenheim and the manufacturer of special high­voltage cable isrequired www.hivolt.de. www.hivolt.de offers on request special high voltage cables up to 100 KV, 200 KV to 300KV and up to.

40) Accessories: High Voltage Plugs and SocketsSingle­pole high­voltage connections for 20 to 100 kV, manufactured and supplied by company www.ges­electronic.de or www.hivolt.de of manufacturer or company FuG Elektronik GmbH, Florian Straße 2, 83024Rosenheim. High­voltage connector and high voltage bushings for feeding in the two­dimensional wire or coil wireso the two­dimensional secondary coil, the two­dimensional connection cable (2DES cable) to the consumer (theballistic coil) and the feeding of the capacitor voltage from the high voltage power supply of company FuGElektronik GmbH.

41) the winding wire for the primary coil.High voltage cable as a winding wire for the primary coil.

High voltage cable, manufactured and supplied by company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH Hans­Schwindt­Str.6/81829 München/[email protected]. used in the ballistic transformer as the secondary winding wire.High voltage cable Part­no / Best. . No. 140470/59 Ohm Km; Operatig voltage Operating voltage U · max 3

KV / diameter = 0.75 .. 0.44 mm 2 = loaded with 3 amps. or

High voltage wire cross section Cu Sn 0.75 mm 2 / Operating voltage 3 KV 2 · 284 turns or strand ofNessler Electronics / Giselastraße 35 / D 63500 Blessed City Tel. (0049) 6182­1886 FAX 0 (0049) 0 6182­3703 ... used.

Image not available10 m or 25 m ring42) special design of the ferrite core transformerSpecial design of the transformer core for 18 kHz to 450 kHz ferrite core of company KASCHKE KG GMBH& CO. · PO Box 2542 · 37015 Göttingen Germany Phone +49 (0) 5 51­50 58­6 · Fax +49 (0) 51­65 75 5 6 ·Email [email protected] or Wagner + Grimm AG, Werk Road 4, PO Box 662, CH­6102 Malters or TrideltaDortmund, Ostkirchstrasse 177; D­44287 Dortmund, Germany; E­mail: [email protected] or transformer corefor 18­2000 kHz (ferrite) FERROXCUBE 3,056,296th43) Plastic products.Plastic products: epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KG resin + hardener 2 [email protected]; PUR casting resin TECE 280 for 10 kV, TECE Thews & Clüver GmbH,Osterdeich 64, 28203 Bremen, [email protected], [email protected], Rapid Ca superglue / 20 g dickfüsssigor runny Alexander Engel KG, PO Box 1133 / D­75434 Knittlingen/info@engel­modellbau.de.44) Gravitoelektrischer effect.

The gravitoelektrische effect is in principle the same as the photoelectric effect, but assume here now gravitonsthe role of photons a) Excerpt: gravity and quantum theory / Some aspects of the incompatibility of both theoriesContents / 4.6 Gravitoelektrischer effect. Thesis of Thomas Müller / Institute for Theoretical Physics; Eberhard­Karls­University Tübingen / March 2001The Gravitoelektrischer effect in a two­dimensional line or reel:"Electron is displaced by an electrostatic charge transfer line part of a to b, the bound state of the atom group a tob. If these dual carrier moved through magnetic induction, so the result gravitoelektrische effects.The gravitoelektrische effect is determined by the interactions in a 2DES, consisting of the number n of atoms perunit volume and the cross section (height of the electrostatic voltage) of the electrons and holes with nuclearballistic wire or coil caused himself. The gravitoelektrische effect is achieved by summing up the volume of the2DES­coil mass. The movement of the 2DES charge carriers is accomplished by the magnetic induction pulse.

45) increase in mass of the electron at electric field strengths in two­dimensional electron­hole­line and ­Coils.

Increase in mass of the electron at electric field strengths in two­dimensional electron­hole­line and ­Coils.45) Source: geregtes GaAs:a) Excited GaAs: evidence for effects of Blochoszillation in a natural semiconductors [URN: urn: nbn: de:bvb: 355­opus­1340 URL: http://www.opus­bayern.de/uni­regensburg/volltexte/ 2003/134 /]) loaded by MrRaymond Franz Summer of forest Assen 2002 on the internet on 8 October 2004.b) increase in mass of the electron at electric field strengths

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The particular state of the 2DES­line is described. It is generated by applying a large electric field strengths ofabout 1 to 1000 kV / cm at the ballistic­dimensional line. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage tothe electrostatic 2DES line, ie on the wiring layer b and a. These electron orbital displacement of the electrons b tothe wiring layer a, leaves in the valence band of the wiring layer b an unoccupied state with a positive chargeformed by a quasi­particles, called defect electron or hole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­ke is from thevalence band of the wiring layer described , The electrons and the holes are accelerated acceleration from thebasic level to the level of negative and positive voltage potentials by acting on the two­dimensional line very highnegative and positive voltage potentials. This acceleration is manifested as corresponding increase in mass of theelectron and the electron holes, each orbital mass.In "geregtes GaAs: evidence for effects of Blochoszillation in a natural semiconductor DISSERTATION to obtainthe PhD degree in Natural Sciences (... Dr. rer nat) Faculty of Natural Sciences II ­ Physics University ofRegensburg presented by Raymond Franz Summer of Waldsassen June 27, 2002 "The following descriptions aredescribing the increase in mass by a high electrostatic voltage. This same fact is also known from the physics ofparticle accelerators.

46) character of the zero­point energy of the two­line system.The fact that in a two­dimensional conduction system have the electrons and holes, the character of the zero­pointenergy is clearly evident from the system parameters. The negative and positive voltage potential applied to theconductive layers a and b of the two­dimensional line (2DES) applied determines the zero character that energysource.

47) ion engineIon engine DE 37 28 011 A1 ; Ion engine DE 198 35 512 C1 ,48) ceramic processing methods.

Ceramic processing methods, materials; is accessible from Sembach; Oskar Sembach­Strasse 15; 91207 Lauf adPeg. Germany has been published.Dry pressingDry pressing is a very economical method of producing large quantities, which pays the required mechanicalcomplexity. Since the working masses used have a very low residual moisture, the drying process is omitted. Thiseliminates the need to reckon with a drying shrinkage, so that can be produced very accurately dimensioned parts.Suitable for dry pressing, almost all ceramic materials. Optimally, the starting powders are processed into free­flowing granules. Depending on which requirements are placed on the granules, for this are various granulationavailable. The most common method for producing pressing the granules is spray drying. The suspension (= sprayslurry) is sprayed via a nozzle into the drying chamber. The resulting drops are dried by the drying gas in co­ orcountercurrent. In spray granules are typically hollow spheres. Another interesting granulation is mentioned hereHere we used a fluidized germ template upon which the suspension is sprayed on the fluidized bed drying. By thispathway, agglomerated, coated or construction granules can be produced. The following granule characteristicsmay be affected depending on the choice of the granulation and thereby set process parameters: Residualmoisture; Bulk density; Granular form (spherical, splintery); Granule density (hollow, porous, dense); Granule size;Granule hardness. Hide different design variants The term dry pressing. We distinguish the axial and isostatic drypressing (CIP cold isostatic pressing). The latter can in turn be divided into wet and Trockenmatrizentechnik. Also,the pressing operation may also be combined with a temperature cycle. Then one speaks of hot or hot isostaticpressing (HIP or HP). A pressing tool for axial dry pressing consists of a stamper and upper and lower punches.The stamp can be divided several times, depending on the complexity of the component. The press granulate isfilled by means of filling shoe into the mold. When two­sided presses then performs a controlled movement ofupper and lower punch for compressing the granules while moving only in one side of the upper punch presses.The compact is removed automatically ejector slide and gripper.Process sections on axial dry pressingThe problem of non­uniform density distribution in the compact during axial dry pressing. When two­sided pressing"Press Neutral" Great influence forms the basis of which in the middle of the pressing member is a so­called, azone of lower and thus less favorable compression to the compression of the pressing process have also.. The tobe compressed material itself Steatitmassen, to 90%. contain the extremely slippery soapstone can be very wellcompacted by dry pressing. The residual moisture in the compressed granules. For each granule there is anoptimum moisture content, depending on the selected compression pressure. The moisture film forms a lubricatinglayer at the solid particles and thereby reduces the external and internal friction. In case of low moisture content,the overlay A possible Gleitmittelzugabe is formed only incomplete, at too high a residual moisture counteractincompressible moisture contents of compaction.. reduce slip aid to an external and internal friction. Secondly,they improve the pressure through the press and allow for easier removal from the mold ( ejection) of the compact.The isostatic pressing follows Pascal's principle. After that, a resting on a liquid or a stationary gas pressure actingon all sides spread evenly. When Nassmatrizentechnik a rubber mold outside the pressure container is filled withpowder or granules, whereas in the Trockenmatrizentechnik the mold is fixedly connected to the pressure vessel.This can be for both methods derive the following differences: Short is mentioned here is the Quasiisostatischepresses. Here, a plastic material is used which undergoes a gel­sol transformation under compressive load.

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Characterized the plastic takes on the one hand the function of the hydraulic fluid and on the other of the flexiblesheath.Ceramic Wet pressingThe compositions used for wet presses generally have humidities in the range 10­15% on. Under the uniaxialpressure applied load these masses are flowing, so that a relatively uniform compaction can be achieved. It can bepressed when wet pressing and components with rear and undercuts. The disadvantage is that the wet pressingmaterials can absorb compressive stress is limited. This also the degree of compaction, which is largelydependent on the moisture content of the mass is limited. In addition, under certain circumstances is dry thepressed parts required.Extruding(Pultrusion of ceramic materials)The pultrusion of ceramic materials, these plastic forming is probably the oldest of the ceramic shaping process.Accordingly, numerous approaches exist for the definition, description and assessment of the plasticity ormalleability of work materials used.To explain this in detail would take too long. However, it is essential in practice to have a workable methodavailable to assess the homogeneity and processability of Extrudiermassen and verify. For preparation ofExtrudiermassen are various options available:

1. Starting from a slurry which is dewatered in filter presses again, you get the filter cake. These arehomogenized in evacuated kneaders, degassed and processed to Hubeln.2. The powder is mixed with plasticizers and possibly other organic excipients. Water is then added until themixture has the desired plasticity. As described in Section 1 Hubel are finally made.

The actual shaping takes place by means of ram extrusion or vacuum screw presses. The homogenized mass (=Hubel) is thereby formed through the mouthpiece to continuous strands. It is important to optimum compaction ofthe mass. Depending on the desired strand diameter one should interpret the pressing cylinder diameter abouttwice as large as the mouthpiece diameter. The extrusion process is particularly good for rotationally symmetricalparts such as axles or pipes manufacture. But also more complicated profiles are feasible with appropriatemouthpiece design. The lengths of the strands produced largely depend on the tendency of the material to warp.This can be counteracted by appropriate process technology for dry process or appropriate selection of organicexcipients in aplastic masses.From the practiceIn this section two forming methods are to be found. The vertical and horizontal strand pulling.The principle of horizontal continuous pulling a vacuum extruder with two horizontal augers. The ceramic materialis given in the form of pre­compressed Hubeln in the Einschüttrumpf. The first worm (feed shaft) are mixed andcompacted mass before and discharges it through a slit plate into the vacuum chamber. The vacuum should notexceed 95%, since at an air pressure of 2.33 kPa at 20 ° C, which corresponds to a vacuum of 97.7%, the waterwould boil in the mass. It should not be too low also because air bubbles may arise and this mean for the finishedceramic product poison.Finding an optimum for this method: a difficult task for the qualified staff. The second worm, the screw press, themass contained in the vacuum condensed into a compact strand. This also serves as a seal for the vacuum. Thetransport of the mass against the resistance of the mouthpiece increases the internal static pressure. This provideshigh compression and thus consistent product quality and solid parts. The mouthpiece specifies the external shapeof the strand, the mandrel inside the inner mold, if it is a pipe cross­section. And it is here where the art: Theadaptation of mandrel and nosepiece requires the tooling, as well as of skilled workers in the wire­drawing a lot ofskill. Krumm emerging strands, "saw teeth", high dimensional tolerances and many other errors can be expectedfrom poorly qualified staff. We maintain the craft over generations but fortunately and are masters in this field.Back to the drawing process. Vertical pulling is similar to the extruder pulling just mentioned. Instead of screws,the mass is pressed with a plunger through the mouthpiece. Again, the vacuum plays a major role. Vertical Draghas advantages with complex, thin­walled and especially in small sections, since a swirl is avoided. For example,tubes with inner diameter 0.23 mm and outer diameter of 0.5 mm can be produced using this method.Green machiningUnder Green machining refers to the processing of ceramic components in the green state. Injection molding andhot casting of ceramicThe thermoplastic molding processes also suspensions are processed, in which case the ceramic powder isdispersed in a thermoplastic melt. In the working masses so it is actually (high) filled polymers.Some important differences between hot casting and injection molding:

a) In the hot casting ceramic powder and organic matter is mixed in a heated ball mill. TheHeißgießschlicker thus produced is fed directly into the cooled mold where it solidifies into a molding.b) During the preparation of the ceramic injection molding compound is only a so­called.

Feedstock produced. For this purpose, the ceramic powder is mixed in a heated kneader with the binder systemand then granulated. Similarly to the tape­casting, there is the added organic matter here of several components:The binder should provide good mechanical strength and hence dimensional stability of the molded part. The

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plasticizer favors deburring and possibly reworking of the part. The lubricant facilitates the entireInjection and mold removal.The finished feedstock granules are converted ­ processed plastic injection molding machines for molding. Inparticular, the problem of wear caused by the abrasive ceramic raw material powder had to be solved here.Heißgieß­ both injection molding and are suitable for the production of small, complex shaped parts, wherein theinjection molding is more likely in series production in question. It is possible to achieve very high surface quality inthe sintered Heißgieß­ or injection molded parts, so a post by grinding or polishing is not required often. However, anot inconsiderable effort is required for shaping the baking of organic additives in the two methods described. Thisprocess must be done very carefully so that it does not lead to destruction of the molding. The wall thicknesses ofthe produced components are therefore limited upwards to approximately 15 mm. On the other hand, the productionof micro­components is not a problem.Slip casting and die castingWhen ceramic slip is a stable suspension, the so­called. Slurry, poured into a porous, absorbent plaster mold. Byremoval of the suspension liquid is formed on the mold wall of a particle. The driving force for the removal of liquidat the mold wall is the surface energy of the capillary walls in the form of material. One could describe the bodyformation as a filtration process. The body formation rate is proportional to the square root of the time. Importantprerequisite that forms an shards without the influence of external forces, the wetting of the mold material with thesuspension fluid.When hollow casting the excess slurry is poured out again after a certain time in service as opposed to full­time orcore cast.By drying the ceramic body in the plaster mold, the molding of the mold wall shrinks and can be removed forfurther processing. Schematic diagram of hollow casting: 1. Pouring the slip, 2nd body formation, 3. Ausgussstellung; Full Cast: 4.Pouring the slip, 5th body formation, 6th pavers molding.In order to keep the powder evenly and stably in the suspension in abeyance, the system condenser are added.These are used to control the surface charge of the particles. Decisive influence on the liquefaction effect has alsothe pH of the suspension.The system powder­condenser­solvent must be optimally tuned so as to obtain a thin liquid slurry as possible withstill high solids concentration. The slip is particularly suitable for complicated parts with respect thinness andunbalanced. The cost of materials for the required forms is low. The casting process can be automated to theextent that even small series can be produced economically. The duty cycle is limited by the time required for bodyformation, removal of the molding and drying of plaster molds. Reduce considerably allows the body formation timethrough the use of high­pressure (from 1.50 to 4.00 MPa) or intermediate­(0.15 to 0.35 MPa) casting. As a form ofmaterial here, however ­ plastic ­ are used. In the field of technical ceramic die casting is not as common as in thepreparation of crockery or sanitary ware. This is because that must be matched to the processing of very fineoxide and non­oxide powder die casting slip and the shape of material used well together.Tape casting for technical ceramicsFor the production of large­area, thin ceramic components, the cast film is used. Here, a ceramic slurry is pouredwith various organic additives on an endless steel strip by rollers. That is, the slip flows continuously from astorage container through an adjustable gap on the tape. In counter­current hot air is blown over the film, so as toobtain a flexible green sheet to the belt end for drying. This can be wound or cut directly through either punch,emboss, etc. be processed further.The preparation and composition of a tape­casting is very complex. Composition of a tape­casting. During theprocessing, the ceramic powder is dispersed together with a suitable condenser in the selected solvent first.Subsequently, binder, plasticizer and wetting agent are added. The final mixture should be well ventilated beforecasting to avoid bubble formation. Tape casting can be produced from 0.2 to 1.5 mm ceramic parts with athickness in the range, which would not, or only with great effort feasible with other molding processes. Fromindividual ceramic substrates such. As to build multilayer ceramic electronic housing or heat exchanger for energytechnology.AnnealingUnder the terms of baking, debinding or annealing of the ceramist understands a temperature treatment of themoldings up to max. 1000 ° C.The aim of the Ausheizvorganges is firstly to remove contained in the working masses organic binder or the likecarefully before the actual sintering process. Second, the burn­out is often preceded by the green machining toincrease the strength or stability of the edges to be machined molding.Sintering in tunnelSeven continuously operated tunnel up to 30 meters deep breath. These are not ordinary kilns, but expensivemachines that allow for our products with complicated sintering process. There are internal machines becauseeverything happens automatically. The control of many parameters oven, filling and pushing of the goods by thelong oven, taking, everything goes all by itself. At temperatures above 1300 ° C the sintering of the ceramicmolded parts to take place. The temperature accuracy plays an important role. Our ovens are due to their design

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so precisely that at a temperature measuring point a tolerance of 0.1%, which means ± 1 ° C, can be observed.Even the temperature distribution within a cross section amounts to little more than 2 ° C. And this is important forour product quality. Low temperature variations are noticeable in shrinkage. Tight tolerances can be achieved onlythrough absolute temperature stability. Not only the temperature, the furnace atmosphere is of great importance.The specific gravity ­ hence the dimensions ­ are strongly dependent on the air content of the flue gases. A tricky,yet simple, trouble­prone control technology ensures consistency. The sliding speed of the goods by the stoveautomatically measured in meters per hour and also documented with all other measurements. The residence time,or the time of the trip furnace from cold to cold is all other parameters, as stipulated in applicable work instructions.As a kiln furniture are the focal documents for the fire of our products are considered for each case, only the bestto use. Unfortunately, the best is also the most expensive. Still, worth it for us to purchase the recrystallized SiCkiln plates. The quality indicators are the proof. This kiln furniture are filled from the producing departments andtransported strictly according to production batches separated into inventory hold the furnace department. Onlyafter QA release is the product for a burnt available.ConservationSince the soapstone brings in traces Flour with them, we were made to rest many years ago to separate the Flourfrom the exhaust. Our Flourabscheidanlage was initially a Nassabscheidanlage and yielded best results. Thissystem was replaced by a 98 to first Trockenabscheidanlage modern technology. The flourhaltigen gases reactwith lime to calcium fluoride. The spent calcium fluoride is continuously discharged and supplied new. Note: thesystem has an overall height of 14 meters, the associated chimney 20 meters. Strict laws require us to periodicalmeasurements. They are very expensive, but necessary. What good is the best exhaust ventilation, if we do noteven know if she cleans.High­temperature sinteringFor special ceramics such as alumina, we have a high temperature oven. Up to 1800 ° C range to sinter the purestand firmest alumina. And by the way: How is it with the documentation of the product, which prescribes the QS.Each piece of paper would disappear completely after half a meter in the oven. Also, since we were smart ...Hard grindingHard loops ­ another term for hard machining, ie machining of sintered ceramic components. Tight tolerances andhighest surface quality can be achieved mostly through the post­processing of the fired ceramic. Due to the highhardness of ceramic materials processing this rule must be made with diamond wheels or pastes. Further suitableabrasive and corundum, silicon carbide or boron carbide is used.GlazeA glaze is a glassy coating, etc., by spraying, dipping, brushing Is applied to sintered ceramic components andthen baked. The baking temperatures are below the sintering temperature of the glazing component.Ceramic moldings are glazed for several reasons: Increasing the strength of porcelain; Better cleaning ability; Coloured glazes for identification or for purely aesthetic reasons smoothing the surface of the glaze.The most important criterion in glazing of ceramics is optimum adjustment of the thermal expansion coefficient ofcomponent and glaze. Just as cracks in the glaze or spalling can be avoided.MetallizationTo install electrical contacts on ceramic components, they must be provided with a metallization. Weichlotfähigemetallization can be applied, for example, by dipping, spraying or brushing and then baked. In hartlotfähigenmetallizations usually several layers are required, which must be applied by electroplating

49) Method for SiO 2 moldings and laser crystal.

The liquid laser mixture can be drawn directly on various objects in the oven: to tubes, plates, fibers and rods,which must have the same diameter. Tubes are made by pulling a cylindrical mass of semi­liquid glass andsimultaneously sends through the center of the cylinder air flow. Hollow glass is manufactured in several processby pressing, blowing, sucking, and combinations of these techniques.Processing Image not available

c) SiO 2 ­ production tubes and laser tubes of other alloy composition.

Published patent DE 101 58 521 A1 is the process for preparing a partial region or completely glazed shaped SiO 2body, on an amorphous green body is sintered and vitrified by non­contact heating by means of a radiation, andthereby contamination of the SiO 2 ­Formkörpers is avoided with impurities, characterized in that that is used as

the radiation beam of a laser is known.Furthermore, can be produced from amorphous, porous shaped SiO 2 body by sintering and / or melting silica

goods of all kinds. The composition of the laser crystal powder determines the type of the subsequent laser crystalpipe.

50) Report of the German Society for crystal growth and crystal growth DGKK.Report of the German Society for crystal growth and crystal growth DGKK annual meeting in Erlangen, 20th­22ndMarch 2000, the method of the optical characterization, design, construction and testing of a crystal growingequipment for the industrial production of CaF2 crystals for DUV lithography cultivation and characterization of Nd1

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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+ XBA2 ­ known xCu3Oy mixed crystals from the melt solution. Source: 1. Schott ML GmbH, Göschwitzer Str. 20, D­07745 Jena, Germany 2 Department of Crystal Growth,Fraunhofer Institute IIS­B, Schottkystr. 10, D­91058 Erlangen (G. Wehrhan1, E. Mörsen1, Th Reichard1, A.Degenhardt2, J. Friedrich2, G. Müller2. Introduction: In the semiconductor technology is well known by using the photolithography, the desired structure on theradiation­sensitive photoresist on the semiconductor wafer in the so­called wafer stepper is imaged via a suitableprojection optics. The smallest resolvable feature size depends on the used wavelength of the radiation source.The increasing miniaturization of the components is therefore associated with a reduction in the exposurewavelength. In parallel, the demands on the optical materials used for the imaging optics. For a short exposuretime and long life materials in the relevant wavelength range must have a high transmittance and radiationresistance. In addition is required because of the image quality, a very high homogeneity of optical characteristics.For this purpose, the material must be in large volume areas free of tension and local inhomogeneities. Today, theexposure is done with wavelengths of 365 nm, for which high­quality optical glass is used in the respective lenses.In production are already exposure apparatus 248 nm, where only quartz glass is used. For even smallerwavelengths (193 nm and 157 nm), these glasses are not applicable due to the transmission properties. Instead,single crystalline lenses of calcium fluoride (CaF2) for lighting, beam delivery and projection optics in the 193 nmgeneration wafer steppers are used. CaF2 single crystals with <111> orientation and dimensions up to a diameterof 350 mm and a height of 100 mm is required for use in optical lithography. Depending on the optical design, largerdimensions are required. In addition to the high requirements on the transmission and radiation strength in thesecrystals consist exact requirements for the optical homogeneity (less than 1 ppm) and the stress birefringence (<1nm / cm). Currently, the achievable quality and yield of the production of large scale CaF2 single crystals, greatefforts are made substantially improve the world. High quality CaF2 single crystals, satisfying the requirements ofDUV projection optics are currently still only available in individual pieces. To meet the increasing qualityrequirements and the growing amount of demand for single­crystal CaF2 for the coming Stepper generation justice,new high­temperature vacuum breeding facilities were at SCHOTT ML starting from the existing process­technological know­how designed with improved temperature uniformity for the production of large scale CaF2single crystals, thermally designed, built and tested. Here, the focus was to identify the total amount of required forthe CaF2 manufacturing process steps to assess them in comparison with other international solutions andimplement them in a compact system concept. Thermal simulations were used to optimize the oven interiorstructure thereby performed already during the design phase. First breeding results on radiation resistant singlecrystals with birefringence values around 1 nm / cm and dimensions of 385 mm diameter × 140 mm height arepresented.

51) superconductor cable with internal coolingFrom the DE 36 09 624 A1 discloses a superconducting cable with internal cooling. For relatively thin strands ofsuperconductor material (eg NbTi / CuNi / cu­mixing matrix multi­core conductors) and structural material (eg steel)is produced in multiple Verseilungsstufen a rope with a supply channel for guiding the coolant (liquid helium). Thisrope has to be surrounded by a vacuum­tight shell that even with large cable diameters a bend to a relative smallwinding radius permits and on the other hand can transfer large transverse forces. To this end, the rope is firstsurrounded by a suitable qualified body shape spiral umwendelt and with an initially smooth, vacuum­tight casingpipe. This is then formed into a wave tube, whereby the flexibility of the cable is restored.

52) Preparation of the HTS superconductor.From the DE 199 37 787 A1 discloses a manufacturing method for an HTS superconductor.A process for the production of low loss AC superconducting (HTS) tape conductors. HTS ribbon conductor withlow AC­coupling losses with electrical be made between the oxide isolation Filamentleitern in such a way that thisinsulation layer is applied as first metal before the mechanical deformation to the ribbon conductor and firstconverted to oxide after forming.

53) Preparation of the flexible superconductor.From the DE 37 40 467 A1 discloses a manufacturing method for a superconductor flexible. The invention relatesto a flexible superconductor, comprising at least one carrier fiber whose lateral surface is surrounded by asuperconducting layer and a method for its production. The provision of high­Tc superconductors high currentdensity in the form of technically applicable filament. By a carrier fiber of silicon carbide (SiC), which is envelopedby an oxide superconducting ceramic, wherein the envelope is produced by the known methods of thin filmtechnology, preferably by Kathodenzerstäubungstechniken, on the carrier fiber.

54) winding arrangement with a superconductor and corresponding support bodyFrom the DE 44 08 290 A1 discloses a manufacturing method of a coil assembly with a superconductor andrespective supporting body. To allow for a winding arrangement with a superconducting low­vibration wiremanagement, it is provided that layer windings are inserted from a continuous superconductor in a helical groove ofa cylindrical support member. The electrical connections between the layers are arranged in at least a directiontransverse to the grooves verlaufenen connecting groove. A support body suitable for this purpose has, on itscylindrical surface a helical groove for receiving the superconductor, which is crossed by at least an approximatelytransversely extending connecting groove.

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55) Preparation of the compound superconductor.From the DE 690 16 163 A1 discloses a manufacturing method for a superconductor compound (Preparation of alow­resistance connection and a ceramic superconducting HTS).A process for producing a low­resistance connection between a metal and a ceramic superconducting HTS.

56) cooling the superconductor winding and the transformer core.From the DE 103 39 048 A1 discloses a cryogenic cooling system for a superconductor. The cryogenic coolingsystem is a system for supplying refrigeration to a superconducting device, wherein a cooling fluid is cooled byreceiving cooling of one or more cryocoolers, and is then heated by indirect heat exchange with a ballast liquid,whereby the ballast liquid is cooled before the superconductive device Refrigeration is supplied.From the EP 1544873 A2 discloses a cooling device for a superconductor. The cooling apparatus for asuperconductor with a cryostat having an interior space in which is formed a refrigerant having a low, in particularcryogenic temperature, for example of 77K, a cryobath for the superconductor have according to the invention areceiving device for holding the cryostat, and at least one of the cryostat and the receiving device connectingsupport members , wherein the at least one holding elements on the cryostat comprises a movement transmissionfrom the receiving device damping element. The cooling device ensures the cooling of the superconductor undershock and vibration effects and therefore is particularly suitable for cooling superconductors in electrical apparatusand machinery.

57) Manufacturing process for the insulating material of the superconducting secondary coil.From the DE 39 07 349 A1 discloses an isolation for a superconductor. Described superconducting items that havea Nickeloxidisolation with substantially substoichiometric oxygen content and an operating temperature below 250° K between the superconducting strands. The objects have multiple superconductor with a sheath made of nickelon the strands, and an adherent coating of nickel oxide which is formed on the outer surface of the jacket. Thenickel oxide has a stoichiometric or less than stoichiometric oxygen content (but no greater than stoichiometricoxygen content) to be at the operating temperature of the superconductor electrically insulating. In this manner, astrand insulation for high thermal conductivity, which is capable of withstanding voltages in excess of 50 Vbetween the individual strands, are provided to substantially eliminate coupling currents between the strands of theother is nickel oxide which has areas that due to the content of more than stoichiometric oxygen aresemiconducting avoided.

58) Manufacturing process for the insulating body of the superconductor.From the DE 38 23 938 A1 is known an insulation for a stabilized and the method for their preparationsuperconductor.A stabilized superconductor having approximately rectangular cross­section is surrounded by an electricalinsulation. The insulation is provided with recesses in which an unhindered access of a coolant is provided to thesurface of the superconductor. This insulation should be easy to manufacture and allow for sufficient mechanicalstrength good cooling of the conductor. For this purpose, the recesses in the region of at least one of the sidesurfaces of the superconductor are subsequently incorporated into the first completely surrounding thesuperconductor isolation. To incorporate the recesses may advantageously be provided a laser beam.

59) Manufacturing process for an insulating body made of quartz glass for the superconductor on the basis2DES.

Quartz glass is used in a wide range of applications requiring high temperatures and high purity.Quartz glass is particularly suitable because it a) consists of 99.995­percent SiO 2, b) can be used at temperatures

up to 1250 ° C and c) is very flexible deformable. Quartz can be machined with diamond tools and dissolved byheat processing into complex shapes.In the semiconductor industry, quartz is often used for the process chambers in the processing of silicon wafers.From the Electrotechnical Journal, Issue 1­2 / 2000, p 46­48 "Electrical insulation by means of high temperatureresistant quartz layers ­ all­round deposition from the gas phase by Chemical Vapor Deposition" by A. Biedermann,G. Franke, O. Nusser known.Quartz melts at about 1550 ° C and is extremely chemically resistant. The breakdown field strength can reachvalues up to 1 million V / mm. So that, with layers in the thickness of some hundred nanometers (nm) a withstandvoltage of several hundred volts can be achieved. The layer thickness at the nano level problem­liability causeddue to the nanostructure even with different Wärmeausdehnungskoeffiizienten. Economically preferred the CVDprocess, which occur under normal pressure and under normal atmosphere. Without pretreatment of surfacesarises in conventional roughness a dielectric strength of often well above 100 kV / mm. This tension strength,although not nearly as high as achievable in microelectronics, but often much higher than conventional insulationmaterials in electrical engineering.Manufacturing processFor the production of thin layers, there is a whole series of different processes: High vacuum evaporation with orwithout ion assistance, sputtering, plasma CVD, thermally or chemically excited CVD, laser or photo­excitedCVD, to sol­gel processes and thermal growth. Microelectronics and Electrical differ greatly in the initial positions.In microelectronics are defined substrate properties ago, the substrate sizes and geometries are standardized andper component surface to be coated is small. Here you can also expensive methods operate economically. This

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includes in particular all the vacuum process. In electrical engineering, however, different materials have to beisolated, which are in different forms, some are quite complicated in shape and may have considerable surfaceareas. So for applications in electrical engineering processes are desirable, which can be operated more universalwith little effort and as inexpensively as possible. The CVD method seems to predispose to such requirements,which take place under normal pressure and under normal atmosphere. An overview of the state of the art is foundin non­electrical applications make it possible to coat complex shaped body thereby corrosion protection ­. Toachieve ­ even against high temperature corrosion of metals.Many of the thermal CVD processes require very high temperatures of sometimes more than 600 ° C. There arealso modified method in which the deposition at moderate temperatures is possible, for example in the temperaturerange of 250 ° C­400 ° C. One such method was applied here, described in. The parts to be coated can be storedin perforated plates, suspended on wires or introduced in bulk in a drum screen. The deposition takes place in theentire volume of the furnace, the parts are coated uniformly on all sides with a layer of optical­grade.Almost all fairly heat­resistant materials can be coated ­ interestingly, even quite oxidation­sensitive materials atnormal atmosphere without the use of inert gases. If the risk of oxidation is present in the conventional coatingtemperature, a certain minimum layer thickness is first deposited at lower temperatures, which protects the surfacefrom the access of oxygen. Notwithstanding the fact that the deposition at a low temperature does not produce theusual film quality. Only then the temperature is increased to values usual. The already deposited layer is annealedand thereby achieves virtually the quality of a deposited layer at a higher temperature. Figure 2 shows the behaviorof such coated copper with the behavior of uncoated copper is compared. The uncoated copper suffers already at200 ° C significant oxidation, while if the coated copper at 300 ° C no oxidation is observed. At 400 ° C, althoughthe corrosion starts ­ but significantly slowed down compared to uncoated copper, which already creates thick,scaly oxide layers at this temperature.With simple CVD process can be used common materials in electrical engineering coated with quartz. Withoutpretreatment of surfaces arises in conventional roughness a dielectric strength of often well above 100 kV / mm.This tension strength, although not nearly as high as achievable in microelectronics, but often much higher thanconventional insulation materials in electrical engineering.Aim of the inventionRealizing high­quality two­dimensional electron orbitals involving mass defect electron systems with applications inPulsed DC area, in the AC range and the high frequency range. This technological challenges, tasks, leads to anelaborate research and information search on subject­specific publications, research field of two­dimensionalelectron systems (2DES) general electrical engineering and the task right technical areas.The result was the solution of this problem in the form of several embodiments (designs).These findings include the fact and possibility, this research field of ballistic two­dimensional involving masselectron­hole­energy systems to be able to use in space with corresponding units, generators and transformers inthe generation of gravitational­magnetic fields for the repeal of gravity. One way to achieve this goal is atechnology­oriented start­ups with various companies to a single company to realize the goal of this newtechnology in his whole Prepare.The object of the patent application:This realization of a massenbehaften orbital electrons and holes (holes) energy system in the pulse current range,AC range and the high frequency range.Description of the benefits that the solution of this application:The power supply of two­dimensional coil systems in pulse current range in the AC range and the high frequencyrange with two­dimensional electron orbitals massenbehaftes defect electron energy. So as the moving masses inthe two­dimensional coil, to generate gravitational forces, and the properties of the oscillating two­dimensionalelectron­hole­energy, so the movement of the both types of charge carriers in the two dimensional ballistic line(2DES line) leads to a transformation of the electron orbital mass and the defect electron orbital mass in thecorresponding voltage potentials.Effect of spatial distortionDue to the high­frequency alternating magnetic induction coil is formed in the ballistic two­dimensional (2DES) coilan alternating with high­frequency mass­prone electron and hole­orbital mass potential large mass impulse thatmoved briefly the dimensional spatial structure of the Einstein space in the coils surrounding the cognate, butenergetically Einstein space ruptures (Identical to the effect of spatial distortion).Access to the plane of the energetically shifted Einstein spaceThis effect of high­frequency two­dimensional electron and hole­currents in a two­dimensional (2DES coil) coilenables modulated radio signals via the shifted energy to transmit and receive spatial dimension. The effect ofspatial distortion by two­dimensional electron­hole­energy can be used, among other things, time intervals (orinformation) between two modulated oscillation units (Hyper Hyper radio transmitter and receiver) to transfer thetwo­dimensional electron­hole­energy.The frequency of the oscillating electron and hole­masses determined level in the shifted dimensional Einsteinspace and the resulting dimensional distortion. This is the universal Blazed moved to the Energetic Einsteinspaces, which is accessible only by the corresponding dimensional distortions of two­dimensional ballistic

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transformer system with a connected ballistic coil. Simple the statement is that "Effect of spatial distortion by two­dimensional electron­hole­energy", which is formed by means of very small vibrating at a high frequency involvingmass electrons and holes pairs. That these very small vibrating at a high frequency involving mass electrons andholes pairs , so to speak, producing a "particle" that "an appropriate dimensional distortions" produce at regularintervals each time a point­like opening in the shifted energy Einstein space.Thus they open an energetic access to a parallel Einstein space. The dimension is opening, always has a well­defined place and only there it may be time intervals between events involving mass of the oscillating electronsand holes pairs observe and create.Be in two places, with different spatial positions in our room Einstein same dimensional distortion at the samefrequency generated (transmitter and receiver), it can be transmitted over the energy bridge data, information andeven conversations.It represents the concept of the realization of the so­called Hyper radio transmission.The invention of the desires in the claims protection: Application of the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system in the pulsed DC current range, in the alternatingcurrent field in the high frequency range, the anti­gravity environment.In which instance of this object of the invention is industrially applicable:

2.0) Embodiment 1, the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system for pulse direct current foralternating current for high frequency. Utility model structure: "Ballistic 20 keV to 300 keV two dimensionalelectron system according to claim. 13.0) Embodiment 2 of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system in a transformer and their applications, onthe basis of the pulse direct current, according to claim 2. "method for the generation of electron crystal andcrystal of holes (drawing no. 4) using the highly strained two­dimensional electron­hole­energy "4.0) On the basis of the embodiment 3, according to claim 3, initially a simple inventive design of theballistic electron­hole­energy system is described'm going for a spacecraft. Application of high­frequencymodel of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems from 50 to 450 kHz for thepower supply of a two­dimensional coil that its function as a gravitational field coils in the outer shell of thespacecraft is, the force fields wrap around the entire spacecraft and the effect the gravitational cancel.5.0), first a simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system will be described for aspacecraft basis of Embodiment 4, according to claim 4. It relates to an opposite polarity dual ion engine, inparticular for satellites and spacecraft, with wenigenstens two opposite polarity acceleration facilities for fuelions and a gas flow­through with a hollow cathode and a multi­accelerating acceleration electrodes, the twodifferently charged accelerating anodes brings about the merger and the neutralization of the fuel ion beams.6.0) On the basis of the embodiments 5, according to claim 5, first, a simple inventive design of the ballisticelectron­hole­energy system for higher dimensional transmitter and receiver of audio and video signals onthe energy­mass subject vibrational level of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energy in the frequency range of 1­4000 kHz (or higher frequency) are described. The method involves thetransmission of image and sound signals over the energetic crowd afflicted 20 to 300 keV high vibrationallevel of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energy in the frequency range of 1­4000kHz (or higher frequency).7.0) The procedure for the application of the broad­brimmed photon model of a laser in the frequency range1­4000 kHz of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems in the energy of the pulsedirect current, alternating current, high frequency, simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­powersystem of Embodiments 6 and patent claim 6.8.0) The procedure for the application of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systemsin the field of the superconductor in the frequency range 1­2000 kHz of the pulse direct current, alternatingcurrent, and high frequency, simple embodiment of the invention 7 of the ballistic electron­hole­powersystem of claim 1 and 7. Application of two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) power systems inthe field of the superconductor in the DC pulse field, alternating current range and in the high frequencyrange.

Technology­oriented start­ups with cooperation partners.FuG Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim;MAGPULS GmbH, in subfield 19; 76547 Sinzheim;Hüttinger Elektronik GmbH + Co.KG; Elsässer Straße 8, 79110 Freiburg;Lemo, Hanns­Schwindt­Straße 6, 81829 Munich, Germany;Manufacturer www.hivolt.de;. GES Electronic & Service GmbH, Freising Str 1, D­85386 Eching, E­mail: info@ges­electronic.de;EADS / Space Transportation / Willy Messerschmitt­road / 85521 Brunn;Siemens AG / business research / Erlangen;Company KASCHKE KG GMBH & CO. E­mail [email protected];Tridelta Dortmund, Ostkirchstrasse 177; D­44287 Dortmund, E­mail: [email protected];Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr. 16; 53359 Rhine river; Germany; www.trithor.com Contact:

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[email protected] of the prior art relating to this patent application, the display of the deficiencies of the knownversions:

a) Basis of Electrical EngineeringThe capacitor and its extended properties

Task: "The capacitor is to absorb energy and to swing".Capacitors are energy storage, the energy content is very durable and above all easy to measure. Anyone who hasever been short­circuited a full capacitor, can attest to that. The amount of voltage across a charged capacitor isthus a square measure of its energy content. Double voltage, four times the energy. Half voltage, a quarter of theenergy. What happens when a fully charged capacitor must have a similar but empty charge. Can oscillate thesystem of the capacitor not to lack a different type of energy storage, ie, in this case, an inductance ".This deficiency is provided by the solution: "If we construct a coil whose two winding halves a and b, an insulatinglayer (insulating) is separate from one another. If we connect this two winding halves at a high DC voltage, weobtain a capacitor and an inductor at the same time. Let's put this condenser coil, so this two­dimensional electronsystem (2DES), as a secondary coil in a transformer, a magnetic induction field so we can induce involving massflow of electrons and holes electric flux (holes) in both winding halves a and b of the two­dimensional electronsystem (2DES). The generated two­dimensional mass­prone electron­defect electron energy we have then theends of the coil are available.

b) based on two­dimensional electron system (2DES) in semiconductor physicsFor two­dimensional electron is a model, both will be assumed that the particles can move in only two dimensions.This lack of applicability in a transformer as a two­dimensional electron system with the nature of electrons andholes, I have performed the following solution: The two­dimensional electrons and holes system in a transformer, the two­dimensional line and coil, it has thefollowing structure: "It consists of a copper wire (copper core), which are surrounded by a thick insulation, andabove that is a metallic enclosure and it is a turn insulation. Between the core and the metal cladding is at a highelectrical voltage. The polarity of the Cu core is positive and the metallic shell has the negative high voltage pool.The metallic enclosure and the Cu core acting as carriers for the current. An electrostatic field is establishedbetween the Cu core and the metallic sheath. These high positive and negative voltage applied to the two­dimensional line, causes an electron orbital displacement of electrons from the valence band to the conductionlayer b to the wiring layer a. These electron orbital displacement leaves in the valence band of the wiring layer b anunoccupied state with a positive charge, the positive hole by a quasiparticle known as, or hole (hole). The dcelectrical height determines the height orbitals mass Nivea fast electrons and holes in the two­dimensional line,secondary coil, outgoing lines, consumers and return lines.

c) based on the two­dimensional electron systems (2DES) in semiconductor physics.d) The dissertation of Raymond Franz Summer of forest Assen 2002: Excited GaAs: evidence for effects ofBlochoszillation in a natural semiconductors.

GaAs in the ground state and excited GaAs (GaAs¤)Based on experimental results, a special state of the GaAs crystal is proclaimed in this work.This lack of applicability in a two­dimensional transformer, I have performed the following solution: "Instead of theGaAs crystal I have in my patent application," Two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems inthe energy of the pulse direct current, alternating current, high frequency and the artificial Gravitation (BallisticEnergy Systems 111). a ballistic two­dimensional line or winding (shielded high voltage cable) used in atransformer system ".It is generated by applying a large electric field strengths of about 100 kV / cm to a GaAs crystal in the (100)direction.This lack of applicability in a transformer, I have performed the following solution: "Instead of the GaAs crystal Ihave in my patent application" III "a ballistic two­dimensional line or winding (shielded high voltage cable) used in atransformer system" Ballistic energy systems.This condition manifests itself in an increased electrical conductivity GaAs crystal. The GaAs crystal is thus notstart from home in this state. This lack of applicability in a transformer, I have performed the following solution:"Instead I have the GaAs crystal in my patent application:" Ballistic Energy Systems III "a ballistic two­dimensional line or winding (shielded high voltage cable) used in a transformer system, the high by a electrostaticvoltage in the ballistic two­dimensional line and coils in the high electron orbitals and electron orbitals defect statewere raised.

1) IntroductionThe following considerations and information responsible for the development of the two­dimensional electronenergy system, ie the two­dimensional electron hole­energy system.My goal is a two­dimensional mass­prone electron­hole­energy systems in general electrical engineering, based onthe simultaneous application of the principle of the capacitor and the principle of inductance, with possible manydifferent levels of impact of the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy systems in Pulsed DC area, in theAC range and in the high frequency range to apply in practice.

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1.2) I started with a physical realization process, collected the. In question coming data Las numerouspublished reports in laser technology in the field of solid state optics, publication superconductivitypublication on electron scattering in a wide energy range, reports on experiments at particle accelerators,electrical conduction mechanism, field quantum, atomic physics, particles, fields and symmetries (ScientificAmerican: understandable Research).

Recognized that some data that uniquely adapted to the new two­dimensional branch of electrical engineering andbegan to process the information.

e) Electrical Engineering is based on the one­dimensional nature of the electronThe general electrical engineering is based on the one­dimensional nature of the electron in a one­dimensional lineand generator system.Bohr model

(1) electrons are on selected paths with certain energy values (orbitals ­ quantum theory, Pauli principle, 2spin­values)The H atom: orbitalsWhat is an orbit? Wave function of the electron in the hydrogen atom.Bohr orbits → "orbits".Quantum mechanical orbitals ↔ probabilitiesAtomic orbitals are characterized by three quantum numbers: n, l, m 1 (orbital quantum numbers)

n the principal quantum number n = 1, 2, ... determines the energy of the atomic state.Image not available thus determines n the "size" of the orbitalsI orbital angular momentum quantum number, orbital quantum number I = 0, 1, 2, ..., n ­ 1Amount (Warning: Graphic) size of the angular momentum Image not available

Spatial distribution of the charge densityml Magnetic quantum number: me = ­I, ..., + IAll orbitals with the same n: same shell of the atomn = 1, 2, 3, 4 ... corresponds. K, L, M ,.All orbitals of a bowl with the same I belong to the same maximum shell n2. Orbitals in a shell with quantumnumber n. 2I + 1 orbitals in a subshell with quantum number I.Subshells are denoted by letters: Image not availables­orbital; p­orbital; d­orbital; f orbital; g orbitalAll higher orbitals caused by the electrostatic charge transfer from conduction layer b for a line layer.1.12) The nature of the electric power, "Two­dimensional".

The two­dimensional nature of the electron energy system is based on the nature of two differently chargedelectron and hole­orbitals in two­dimensional conduction system and generator system.By applying a high electric field strengths negative (electrons) and positive charges (hole or electron holes) areseparated from each other in a two­dimensional line. These charge carriers migrate under the influence of theelectric field for each line layer. Add to layer a and b of two­dimensional conduction electron­hole pair formed withthe corresponding voltage potential. By the electric field, the electron­hole pairs are accelerated from the low masscondition on the electric field corresponding to higher ground. It created the electron orbitals and electron holesorbitals with the corresponding mass.

1.13) The capacitor and its advanced features.Task: "The capacitor is to absorb energy and to swing".

Capacitors are energy storage, the energy content is very durable and above all easy to measure. Anyone who hasever been short­circuited a full capacitor, can attest to that. In electrical engineering, the energy content of the

formula W = C · U 2/2 detected.The amount of voltage across a charged capacitor is thus a square measure of its energy content. Double voltage,four times the energy. Half voltage, a quarter of the energy, etc.What happens when a fully charged capacitor must have a similar but empty charge?The system can not swing to lack a different type of energy storage, so in this case an inductor.The solution we have when we construct a coil whose two halves of the winding is separated by an insulator(insulating material, quartz, ceramic, or plastic) from each other.When we complete a high DC voltage of this winding two halves of the condenser coil, we obtain a capacitor.Let's put this condenser coil a magnetic field so we can induce a flow of electrons in two winding halves of thecondenser coil. Let's get this condenser coil (ballistic dual coil) with a transformer as a secondary coil, so we canat the ends of the ballistic coil corresponding to the used in the transformer of energy. "Pulse­DC, AC or highfrequency" tap has this hackneyed energy but special properties

1.14) physics, interactions 3.1 / 3.11 FIELD QUANTUMAll forces, including the Coulomb force and gravity are described in quantum field theory as exchange forces. Aparticle generates a field if it has a corresponding load. This field must, according to quantum electrodynamics, butin particular particles (QUANTUM FIELD), to be dismantled. Charge is the ability of the field­producing particle,quantum box to emit and absorb.

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Page 49: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

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1.15) Theoretical Physics, two­dimensional electronTwo­dimensional electron.

a) Magneto­transport in two­dimensional electron systems with periodic modulation and spin­orbitinteraction, Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer nat) at the Institute of PhysicsI ­.. Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, presented by Michael Lange book from Forchheim /Upper Franconia September of 2002.c) Quantum Hall effect research on two­dimensional electron systems. The research is focused ... Themagnetic properties of two­dimensional systems. In a two­dimensional electron ... www.tu­berlin.de/presse/pi/1996/pi168d) quantum dots in a magnetic field (PDF) ... part of what the treatment as a two­dimensional system withadditional confinement ... we exchange­correlation energy densities from. Electron systems in quantum dotswin ... www.opus­bayern.de/uni­regensburg/Volltexte/2003/253/pdf/diss.pdfe) Excerpt: The Lamb shift; Investigation of photon number states with the one­atom maser; DissertationFaculty of Physics, Ludwig­Maximilians­University of Munich presented by Simon Stephan Brattke fromKempten / Allgäu; Munich, 21 November 2000thf) study of interactions in two­dimensional electron systems with transport and drag measurements. Dipl.Phys. Stefan Kraus, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart., 2003g) Excerpt: the location and characteristics of the quantized states of electrons and holes, especially inCdSe Quantum ... the effective masses of electrons and holes within the framework of the ...www.ubka.uni­karlsruhe.de/indexer­vvv / 1997 / physics / 3 System.1.16) increase in mass of the electron in the presence of electric field strengths

The particular state of the 2DES­line is described. It is generated by applying a large electric field strengths ofabout 1 to 1000 kV / cm at the ballistic­dimensional line. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage tothe electrostatic 2DES line, ie on the wiring layer b and a. These electron orbital displacement of the electrons b tothe wiring layer a, leaves in the valence band of the wiring layer b an unoccupied state with a positive chargeformed by a quasi­particles, called defect electron or hole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­ke is from thevalence band of the wiring layer described , The electrons and the holes are accelerated acceleration from thebasic level to the level of negative and positive voltage potentials by acting on the two­dimensional line very highnegative and positive voltage potentials. This acceleration is manifested as masses corresponding increase for theelectrons and electron holes, each orbital mass.The fact is in the physics of particle accelerators and in the work "geregtes GaAs: evidence for effects ofBlochoszillation in a natural semiconductor Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. Nat.).Faculty of Natural Sciences II ­ Physics University of Regensburg presented by Raymond Franz Summer ofWaldsassen June 27, 2002 "(the following descriptions are the mass increase by a high voltage electrostaticdescribes) is known.

1.17) conclusion from the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system, the solution provided.If we. In a transformer system, the transformer core, constituting the primary coil in accordance with standardtechnology and new building the secondary coil design so that the two secondary winding halves of the coil wire aand b are separated by an insulator (quartz, ceramic or plastic) from one anotherFor this purpose, this two winding halves of the coil wire a and b, so complete a high DC voltage into a condensercoil, we obtain a capacitor, which is a coil at the same time. Let's put this condenser coil a magnetic induction fieldso we can induce a flow of electrons in the electron orbitals and electron holes orbitals in both secondary windinghalves (the two­dimensional electron system so). But this hackneyed mass tainted energy has special properties.This two­dimensional line and coil system can be in a two­dimensional electrons and holes generator forapplication to bring (the generator windings based on the two­dimensional electron system (2DES). The practicalapplications of the two­dimensional massenbehaftes electron­hole­energy system in general electrical engineering,are versatile she is granting the operating frequency, so the pulse current range up to AC range and even up to thehigh frequency range.

1.18) The basic characteristics of ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system are built on theprinciple of simultaneous capacitor and the principle of inductance. This common property, I summarized asa system parameter values for the ballistic electron energy systems under normal temperature and low­temperature range.1.19) Des electrical conduction mechanism of the ballistic ballistic lines and the coils of the two­dimensionalelectron system

Conduction mechanism, specific conductivity. In solids the atoms are arranged side by side so dense that themutual influence of the neighboring atoms can not be neglected. To see the impact of this influence on theconductivity process, we assume that solid bodies have a crystalline structure and ideally form single crystals withregular repetition smallest unit cells. At very low temperatures, these atoms remain at rest. However, even at roomtemperature (T = 300 K), they perform oscillations around their equilibrium position, whereby it comes to thedetachment of a circulating on the outermost valence shell. This is on the one hand a free electron is available thatcan move freely and thus contributes to the electrical conductivity. On the other hand, results from the separation

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of the (negatively charged) electron from the atom Association for the rest atom has a positive charge, so that theremaining "atomic core" as an ion acts and the electron slows down a bit. It is therefore also called an ionization ofthe metal body. The electron liberated then moves into the grid­like arranged structure of atoms and the atomic

cores become positive. For metals, where about 10 23 atoms are arranged 1 cm 3, is nährungs White each atom anelectron from its electron shell available and then it becomes a metal ion. Due to the positive nuclei become of theions formed in the atomic lattice potential distribution. Since the atoms in the crystal lattice periodic follow eachother, the potential distribution between the positive atomic cores become periodic. The in Chief IN ANY those freeelectrons move under the influence of the temperature at irregular paths, applying an electrical voltage to the lineparts a and b of the two­dimensional electron system (capacitor line), the basic energy of the charge carriers(electrons and holes), for example, in a will applied DC voltage (capacitor voltage) of 10 KV raised to a ballisticelectron energy of 10 keV.

1.20) The following facts must be taken into account in the design of the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy systemsa) The expanded principle of charge separation between the electrons and the positively charged nucleus(nucleons). This is based on the Elektronenorbitaverschiebung of electrons from the valence band to theconduction layer b to a wiring layer. This is accomplished by applying a high electrostatic DC voltage 15 KVon the wiring layer for wiring layer b a. The electron orbital shift leaves behind in the valence band to theconduction layer b an unoccupied state with a positive charge, by a quasiparticle called defect electron orhole (hole), is described by the quasi­momentum k h = ­k e. This system structure relevant for all 2DES

lines, the 2DES generator coils, the 2DES­secondary coils of a two­dimensional transformer. In otherwords, the lines, the generator coil, the primary coils and the secondary coils are composed of a copperwire, which is provided with a high insulation, and on this insulation is a second casing made of a thickcopper braid. This in turn is surrounded by an insulation. Between the core (copper wire or superconductor)and the copper mesh is a high DC voltage (capacitor voltage). The polarity of the core (copper wire orsuperconductor) is positive and to the casing is the negative pole of this voltage.b) at the condenser coil lines, connecting lines, generator coils primary coils and secondary coils of thetransformer, the voltage applied (for example, 1 V to 500 kV capacitor voltage) determines the basic energyof the electrons and the electron holes in the two­dimensional electron system. The level of the appliedvoltage determines the height of the electron orbital shift of the electron from the valence band to theconduction layer b for a line layer.c) The magnetic field generated by the induction in the two differently charged layers of the secondary coil,a current flow of the orbital electron masses and the orbital defect electron mass by a common direction,which are synonymous with the gravitational­magnetic field.d) The conduction mechanism of the two­dimensional electron orbitals and orbital defect electron systems(2DES) requires that all parts of the energy system are built on the same principle of system design. Thevoltage applied to the two­dimensional electron and hole­reels, lines, generator coil, primary coil andsecondary coil of the transformer must have the same voltage and polarity of the producers have to go andreturn lines and to the consumer.e) The field quanta of the two­dimensional electron and defect electron system (2DES) that produce via theforce of her induction, gravitational­magnetic particles.1.21) Two­dimensional electron system of the electrons and holesa) The applied voltage capacitor exists in the two­dimensional conduction electron­hole pairs. The negativeand positive Bandspektum is determined by the magnitude of the applied electrostatic voltage.

The kinetic energy of the two­pair system (electron and positive hole [holes]) is determined by the strength of themagnetic induction.This two­dimensional electron system based on the displacement of the electron orbital electrons from the valenceband to the conduction layer b to a wiring layer. This is accomplished by applying a high electrostatic DC voltage15 KV on the wiring layer for wiring layer b a. The electron orbital shift leaves behind in the valence band to theconduction layer b an unoccupied state with a positive charge, by a quasiparticle called defect electron or hole(hole), is described by the quasi­momentum k h = ­k e.Movement of the carriers by induction.

b) If a two­dimensional coil produced according to this principle this carrier system and exposed to amagnetic induction. To move this cargo carrier "electrons and holes" through the two­dimensional coil.c) The electrons are in the negative potential of the conduction band to the power of minus 15 KV. Thiscorresponds to a certain effective mass of the conduction band.d) The defect electrons (holes) are located in the potential of the positive conduction band with the power ofpositive 15 KV. This corresponds to a certain effective mass of the conduction band.e) The movement of charge carriers occurs at the two ends of the two­dimensional coil respectively at oneend a potential of the mass excess and at the other end of the potential of the mass defect. It flowed fromthe potential of the mass excess quantum currents to the potential of the mass defect.f) According to Albert Einstein moving masses bring in a reference system gravitational forces.

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g) the Coulomb interaction between the electrons and electron holes (holes) upon movement of the chargecarriers through the two­dimensional coil and conductor layers. Mutual attraction of the charge carriersduring movement conduction band mass in its negative orbital electrons and positive holes in their orbitalelectrons. The size of the insulation determines the height of the potential negative electron orbital and intheir positive defect electron orbital.h) The electron orbital shift of the electron from the valence band to the conduction layer b for conductinglayer a causes a deflection of the ion hull or atom from its equilibrium position of the conduction layer b tothe conductive layer a, the charge distribution of the ion cores is changing, equivalent to a modification ofthe local electronic structure. In the reverse case, the lattice atoms are deflected by local changes in theelectronic charge density. So vividly creates an interaction between the electrons and the nuclei.1.22) using a two­dimensional coil and secondary coil in a transformer for the two­dimensional energy.a) "The magnetic induction generated by the primary coil is induced in the secondary coil of the two­dimensional movement of the electrons and holes by the two­dimensional coil. The electrons pass throughthe negative potential of the conductive layer a with the power of minus 15 KV. This corresponds to acertain effective mass of the conduction band. And the defect electrons (holes) to scroll the positivepotential of the conductive layer b to the power of positive 15 KV. This corresponds to a certain effectivemass of the conduction band. The movement of the electrons and holes generated at the two ends of thetwo­dimensional coil respectively at one end to the potential energy of the mass excess and at the otherend of the potential of the mass defect. The quantum of this field flowed from the energy potential of themass of surplus to the energy potential of the mass defect. According to Albert Einstein moving massesbring in a reference system gravitational forces.1.23) electron, hole­and two­dimensional electron systems

Application of a two­dimensional system as a secondary coil in a transformer for the electron­positive hole powergeneration:The inventive method is that a transformer (may also be a HF transformer), the primary coil is supplied by a pulsegenerator or RF generator with power and generates as the induction in the transformer. The secondary coil is builtafter the model of two­dimensional electron systems. A DC high voltage (DC voltage 20 to 300 kV or higher DCvoltage) to the two­dimensional secondary coil layers a and b of the secondary coil is applied, correspond to theelectrons and the electron holes on a mass­orbitals of the applied voltage to be raised and in over the induction inthe transformer the secondary coil generates two­dimensional electron­hole­energy.The briefly described herein relates to the research field of ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­systems, whichin the field of gravitational­magnetic fields with the application in a transformer, for frequencies in pulsed DC area,in the AC range and the high frequency range.

b) The primary coil of the transformer is powered by a pulse generator or RF generator with energy andcreates the inductance in the transformer.c) The secondary coil is constructed on the model of two­dimensional electron system. A DC high voltage(DC voltage 20 to 300 kV or higher DC voltage) is located on the two­dimensional secondary coil layers Aand B is applied. It generates the two­dimensional electron and hole­system, with the corresponding orbitalsmass of the charge carriers. On the induction in the transformer, the movement of the charge carriers isgenerated in the secondary coil. The movement of the charge carriers generated at the two ends of the two­dimensional coil respectively at one end to the potential energy of the mass excess and at the other end ofthe potential of the mass defect. It flowed from the energy potential of the mass excess of a quantum flowsto the energy potential of the mass defect.

According to Einstein's general theory of relativity produce moving masses in a reference system (energy system)a "gravitomagnetic (gravitational­magnetic)" field. The are going through two­dimensional coil or conductor layerselectrons and holes (holes) can cause some interesting effects in these and similar conditions. The possiblemanipulation of such 2DES from the third spatial direction, for example by means of electric and magnetic fields(charge transfer of electrons from line parts b to a and magnetic induction) establishes the fundamental advantageof the physical effect sequence of electrons and holes in these ballistic conduction patterns to the line of action ofthe conventional electron line structures and components. At the same time show systems with reduceddimensionality fundamentally new physical properties which occur particularly at high electrostatic voltages in theline parts a and b, in low temperatures, at high magnetic fields and different frequencies. The relatively largeenergy gap of the two lead layers A and B, the strong coupling of the two differently charged orbital conductionbands, the applied magnetic induction on the two­dimensional line, leads to a pronounced to an energy pulseinteraction on the basis of gravitational magnetic fields , This is manifested, for example, in a significant energydependence of the effective Obitalmasse of the charge carriers in such systems. The aim of the development isthe electron­hole­energy system to bring in a transformer system and a generator for application and bring theresulting gravitational­magnetic forces in many areas of application.

1.24) Summary of the general principles of the two­dimensional electron­hole­system in a transformer.a) All technical systems are based on the one­dimensional nature of the electron. Examples of electronsystems are extremely diverse. We find this function of electron transport in all electrical and of most

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optical devices (standard electron­conduction in one­dimensional basis, charge distribution electrons andatomic one­dimensional base; electron impact equal charge transport in one­dimensional base; voltage onone­dimensional base and current one­dimensional basis) , Today we know that these systems areelectrically charged particles (Coulomb, CS) designate a majority of the properties of the surrounding natureart.b) the charge distribution of electrons and atomic two­dimensional base (two line layers which are separatedby an insulating layer, on the scale 10 KV­300 KV carried electrostatic high voltage to the conductive layersa and b is an orbital electrons shift of the conduction electrons from the conduction layers b and a.b1) the electrical power and this type of energy "standard electron­conduction in two­dimensional basecurrent to two­dimensional­based and two­dimensional base voltage".b2) conduction bands of the ballistic two­dimensional electron system of the secondary transformer coil.

The conduction bands in the two­dimensional line or reel arise when a high electrostatic DC voltage is connectedto the line parts a and b and supplied to its DC voltage with height. The electron orbitals shift can be 10 KV­300KV energy shift of the conduction electrons from the conduction layers b to a. The insulating layer between theconductive layers determines the level of possible DC. Which then lead to the formation of the respective orbitalsmass of the electron and hole­orbitals.

1.25) The basis of the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system in Pulsed DC area, in the ACrange and the high frequency range.a) A simple model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems for the workingpulse frequency of 1­33 kHz, which was prepared according to the method of the invention.

This method of the invention is that a transformer, the two­dimensional secondary coil, a DC high voltage (DCvoltage of 20 or 50 kV or higher DC voltage) to the two­dimensional secondary coil layers a and b of the secondarycoil is applied, and the primary coil is supplied by a pulse generator with energy and the induction generated in thesecondary coil. As a main ingredient I use the MAGPULS Quickwap generator. Pulse frequency 0.05 Hz­33k Hz,output voltage 0­1000 V DC, output current 0­500 A pulsed MAGPULS of power systems GmbH, Im subfield 19,D­76547 Sinzheim, E­mail: magpuls­ @ t­online. de www.magpuls.com.The High­frequency output transformer I change this way: "The in the primary winding takes on the power fed 1­100 kW rf pulse power, the ferrite core of the High­frequency output transformer and the secondary coil is gestalltethat the secondary coil largest possible winding compartment for the 8 mm measured high­voltage cable thecompany Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH, Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected], Part­no / Best. . No.201340 / Conductor resistance / conductor resistance 56.1 ohm meter, Operatig voltage ­ Operating voltage 50 KV

(testing voltage 75 KV) Inner conductor inner conductor CuSn 0.76 mm ∅ = 0.45 mm 2 with 4 Amper steadfast,"aufweißt.For activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the coil wire of the secondary winding, a high DC voltage tothe terminals of the two­dimensional line halves a and b of the coil wire (shield and inner conductor of the powercable) is connected, for this DC power supply I use a power supply units of F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr.2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I usethe type: high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keV electron energyI use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA.The same DC power supply is used for the ballistic coil, for the connecting line.

b) For the feeding of the high DC voltage to the shield and the inner conductor of the power cable and thecompounds of I use used as two­dimensional coil of the two­dimensional load the high voltage connectorsand high voltage bushings to 100 KV.

Performance of the secondary coil of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy system.The prescribed investment data for 20 kHz are

a) power to the primary coil by the MAGPULS Quickwap generator with the following power: "1000 voltsand 100 A current pulse"b) The primary coil of the transformer 40 has windingsc) The appropriate selection (high­voltage cable is used as the winding wire in the secondary coil) of theballistic cable:

In ballistic cable 1 Type 20 KeV.Plant data for 20 kHz / 1000 volts and 100 A pulse current in the primary coil of 40 turns (1 turn of theprimary coil processed 25 volts). Pulse input of the pulse current. MAGPULS Quickwap by the generator tothe primary coil and using the ballistic conduction type 20 KeV (high­voltage cable) as the winding wire inthe secondary coilOutput power at the ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at: (secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.350KV)I = W (P): U = 100400 Secondary Watt: 166350 = 0.6035 A: 2 = 0.30173 AElectron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers b.

In ballistic cable 2 Type 50 KeV.

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Plant data for 20 kHz / 1000 volts and 100 A pulse current in the primary coil of 40 turns (1 turn of theprimary coil processed 25 volts). Pulse input of the pulse current. MAGPULS Quickwap by the generator tothe primary coil and using the ballistic conduction type 50 KeV (high­voltage cable) as the winding wire inthe secondary coilOutput power at the ballistic cable 2 (50 KV capacitor voltage) at: (secondary winding turns 2660 = 66500Volts)I = W (P): U = 100400 Secondary Watt: 66500 = 1.50 A: 2 = 0.75 AElectron current density maximum of 0.75 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.75 A in the 2DES layers b.a) the installation data for a 10 kW high­frequency model of ballistic two­dimensional electron­electron holes(holes) energy systems in the energy of the high­frequency 50­4000 kHz and the artificial gravity.

Simple model of two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems. This method of the invention isthat a transformer (may also be a HF transformer), whose two­dimensional secondary coil, a DC high voltage (DCvoltage 20 to 150 kV or higher DC voltage) to the two­dimensional secondary coil layers a and b of the secondarycoil is applied and the primary coil supplied by a pulse generator or RF generator with power and generates theinduction in the secondary coil.The high­frequency model two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 50­4000 kHz. As a mainingredient I use a AXIO RF generator 10/450 T / Desktop AXIO 10/450 ­ power 10 KW; Output frequency 50­450kHz (HÜTTINGER Elektronik GmbH + Co. KG; Elsässerstrasse 8, 79110 Freiburg,[email protected]/www.huettinger.com), or tube generators ­ Company of hardening + Induktionsanlagenperennials Mayer GmbH Embankment 62 · D 73084 Salach, mailto: [email protected]. RF generators ­Specifications Image not available the output transformer I change this way: "The in the primer winding takes thefed 1­10 KW power on, the ferrite core of the High­frequency output transformer and the secondary coil is gestalltethat the secondary coil largest possible winding compartment for the 8 mm measured high voltage cables by Lemo­ Elektronik GmbH, Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected], Part­no / Best. . No. 201340 / Conductorresistance / conductor resistance 56.1 ohm meter, Operatig voltage ­ Operating voltage 50 KV (testing voltage 75

KV) Inner conductor inner conductor CuSn 0.76 mm ∅ = 0.45 mm 2 with 4 Amper steadfast, "aufweißt.(The particular state of the electrons and holes, in the presence of electric field strengths in the two­dimensionalline, brings an orbital­related increase in mass of the electrons and holes).For activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the coil wire of the secondary winding, a high DC voltage tothe terminals of the two­dimensional line halves a and b of the coil wire (shield and inner conductor of the powercable) is connected, for this DC power supply I use a power supply units of F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr.2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I usethe type: high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keV electron energyI use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA.The same DC power supply is used for the ballistic coil, for the connecting line.

b) For the feeding of the high DC voltage to the shield and the inner conductor of the power cable and thecompounds of I use used as two­dimensional coil of the two­dimensional load the high voltage connectorsand high voltage bushings to 100 KV.c) The output transformer is manufactured according to the section 3.1 with the appropriate transformer corefor 18 KHz ferrite core to 4000 kHz.U­shape with the final web or sheet metal web of ferriteGraduation web of the U­shaped transformer core column (c = 7 cm wide web; (7 x 7 cm), width (outside)

160 cm, Ferritmaterialkern 7 × 7 cm = 49 cm 2

Insulation 16 cm × 16 cmWidth of the transformer core (plate width b) 160 cmHeight of the transformer core (U­plate height a) 160 cm

Right and left of the U­shaped transformer core column (window height d) 153 cm and 49 cm core section 2

Performance of the secondary coil of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy system.The prescribed investment data for 20 kHz are:

a) power to the primary coil by the AXIO RF generator 50­450 kHz / with the following power: "Feed theprimary winding of RF output transformer and 1500 volts and 6.6 A high frequency current.b) The primary coil of the transformer 40 has windings (thus 1 turn equal to 25 volts).c) The appropriate selection (high­voltage cable is used as the winding wire in the secondary coil) of theballistic cable:

Ballistic cable 1 Type 20 KeVSecondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KWOutput ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.

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Page 54: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers b.Ballistic cable 2 Type 50 KeV.

Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KWOutput ballistic cable 2 (50 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers b.

Ballistic cable 3 Type 100 KeV.Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KWOutput ballistic cable 3 (100 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers b.1.29) Height of the voltage potential on the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer.

The two­dimensional secondary coil according to the principle of the capacitor and an inductance (coil) built up andthere is a high electrostatic DC voltage at at its two line halves A and B, so there are the charge carriers,"electrons and holes," in which respective orbitals state.The generated two­dimensional electron­hole­energy has the following mass­prone voltage: Due to the nature of electrical energy supplied to the primary coil, it creates according to a certain magneticinduction in the two­dimensional ballistic secondary coil (20 kV or 50 kV or 100 kV or 150 kV or 200 kV or 300 kVcoil) of the transformer, the two­dimensional electrons thus generated ­Defektelektronenenergie has the followingmass­prone voltage:

a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or300 keV, ballistic with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 50 KeV high tension voltageand pole of the negative electron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or300 keV, with the polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keVwith the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltageand pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20 KeV or 50 KeV and 100 KeV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300keV, with the polarity of the ground potential defect electrons excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballisticvoltage.

These fields of massenbehafte voltage and currents of electrons and holes have due to their movement of themasses in a reference system gravitational­magnetic nature. According to Einstein's general theory of relativityproduce moving masses in a reference system (energy system) a "gravitomagnetic (gravitational­magnetic)" field.

1.30) fields as space structure with respect to 2DES.Fields as space structure in the 2DES.a) The field concept in physicsThe matter­free space can be carriers of certain physical properties that make evident from the fact that then actsat each point on a specimen located there an appropriate force certain size. Such a region of space is called aforce field or short field.b) field typesIn principle, one can distinguish two kinds of fields: As indicated above, a field can have a support base. This is known as the source and then support the field aswell as the source field. The field does not have a starting point ­ and therefore no end point. It has no sources.This is called a source­free or vortex field.c) Effect of energetic space distortionThe field type of high­frequency two­dimensional electron and defect electron currents in a two­dimensional coilgenerating a spatial structure that allows access to the displaced energy Einstein space plane to get shut. In aballistic transformer high frequency energy is fed into the primary coil. By the two­dimensional at the secondarycoil layers a and b applied high electrostatic DC voltage that causes a shift of the electron orbitals conductionelectrons of the conduction layers B to A with the energy of 10 KV­300 KV. The states that, in the two­dimensionalsecondary coil layers a and b are in dividend electrons and holes, the velocity is zero and its initial rest mass zero.If the magnetic induction of the electrons and holes by the positive and negative conductive layers of the two­dimensional coils move therethrough.The movement of the orbital electrons and holes masses in the system of two­dimensional line and coils of theenergy system, leading to the construction of a spatial concentration of electrons and holes masses (the result oftheir additional mass a Spatial expansion factor [space curvature] have), this solve a spatial curvature in theirenvironment. About the consumers of the two­dimensional flow to the other end of the power generation unit flowsback.

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Page 55: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

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Now the injected frequency energy changes the direction of the magnetic induction and moves the mass­proneelectrons and holes in the other direction by the positive and negative stress fields of the two dimensional coil.Again drives the magnetic induction, the electrons and holes passing through the positive and negative conductivelayers of the two­dimensional line and coils. This movement of the orbital electrons and holes masses in thesystem of two­dimensional line and coils of the energy system, leading to the construction of a spatialconcentration of electrons and holes masses (the result of their additional mass a Spatial expansion factor [spacecurvature] have), they solve a spatial curvature in their environment. About the consumers of the two­dimensionalflow to the other end of the power generation unit flows back.Since the mass­prone electrons and holes alternately flowing with certain frequency one direction and then theother direction by the two­dimensional coil, they produce this coil a force field with a high mass momentumchanging direction.The high­frequency alternating in the two­dimensional line and coils of the energy system orbital electrons andholes masses create a space curvature vibrational field and resonance with the relevant energy Einstein space, theslightly from the normal Einstein space differs itself.This property of vibrating at a high frequency mass­prone electron and defect electron currents opens replace thisparticular spatial structure the possibilities messaging. The Hyper Hyper transmitter and receiver uses the natureof the mass­prone high­frequency modulated involving mass electrons and electron holes as Übertagungsweg.In other words: "The high­frequency alternating magnetic induction produced in the ballistic two­dimensionalsecondary coil of the transformer an alternating with high­frequency mass­prone electrons and holes pulse of highmasses, which briefly opens his dimensional spatial structure of the Einstein space in the coils surrounding thecognate but moved energetically Einstein space , This effect of high­frequency two­dimensional electron anddefect electron currents in a two­dimensional (2DES) coil coil allows modulated radio signals on the moveenergetically to send and receive spatial dimension ".The effect of spatial distortion by two­dimensional electron­hole­energy can be used, inter alia, time intervals (orinformation) between two modulated oscillation units (Hyper radio transmitter and radio receiver hyper) of the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy transfer. The frequency of the oscillating electron and positive hole masses, theamount of electrostatic DC voltage applied to the two­dimensional coil, determines the resulting orbital mass of theelectrons and the electron holes, the layer in the shifted dimensional Einstein space and the resulting dimensionaldistortion. These very small vibrating at a high frequency involving mass electrons and holes pairs, so to speak, a"particle­pair", "cause a corresponding dimensional distortions" in regular time intervals, ie, a point­like opening inthe shifted energy generate Einstein space.It enables long­distance space in our solar system to exchange messages. It represents the concept of therealization of the so­called Hyper radio transmission.

1.31) principles of two­dimensional electron­hole­system in a transformer. Zero point energy in the ballistictwo­dimensional field coils.

a) viewed from the point of view of the energy system consisting of electrons and holes.(Zero­point energy in energy supply of DC pulsed power or high­frequency energy).The fact that in a two­dimensional conduction system have the electrons and holes, the common energy andcharacter of the zero­point energy, are obvious from the system parameters. Bear the negative and positive voltagepotential applied to the conductive layers a and b of the two­dimensional line (drawing no. 2), determines the zeropoint nature of this type of energy.If a coil, which is based on that 2DES principle of magnetic induction exposed, creating a more electron and ahole­orbitals voltage potentials with the character of the zero­point energy.b) The force field of the 2DES field coil has zero­field quantumThe common gravitational­magnetic force field consists of the ballistic potential of 166 keV (secondary windingturns 6654 = 166.350 KV), negative electrons and positive hole­orbitals orbitals together.The mass value of the electron and defect electron consists of the rest mass and virtual orbitals accelerationenergy.Together they form the double charge carrier mass, consisting of a negative electron orbital mass and positivehole­orbital mass.

2.00) The ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system for pulsed direct current, alternating currentand high frequency 1­4000 kHz.

Utility model structure:With the embodiment 1, first, a simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system in atransformer, be explained on the basis of the pulse direct current according to claim 1, in its construction andoperation. The process of the invention is that a transformer (drawing no. 1 [can also be a HF transformer]), theprimary coil (drawing no. 1, item 6 ) Is supplied by a pulse generator or RF generator with power and generates asthe induction in the transformer. The secondary coil (drawing no. 1, item 5 ), Following the example of the two­dimensional electron systems (drawing no. 2) is constructed. For activation of the two­dimensional electron state,a DC high voltage (DC voltage 20 to 300 kV or higher DC voltage) to the terminals of the secondary coils of two­dimensional layers A and B (drawing no. 1, Pos 5 ) Of the secondary coils created. In accordance with the applied

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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voltage, the electrons and defect electrons are accelerated to higher Orbitale­ and ground level. Through theinduction in the transformer arise electrons and the electron holes currents generate correspondingmassenbehaften deficiency and excess potential in the secondary coil.

a) For this frequency Modele the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 1­33 kHz(pulse direct current) I use the pulse generator "MAGPULS Quickwap generator", product of MAGPULSPower Systems GmbH / In the Box 19 / D­76547 sinzheim / E­Mail: magpuls­@t­online.de/www.magpuls.comb) For this frequency Modele the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 50­4000kHz. As a main ingredient I use a AXIO RF generator 10/450 T / power 10 KW; Output frequency 50­450kHz or other high­frequency generator of (. HÜTTINGER Elektronik GmbH + Co. KG, Elsässer Strasse 8,79110 Freiburg) the output transformer I change this way: "The in the primer winding takes on the power fed1­10 KW power, the ferrite core of the High­frequency output transformer and the secondary coil is gestalltethat the secondary coil winding space as large as possible for the 8 mm measured by high­voltage cablesby Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH, Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected], Part­no / Best. . No.201340 / Conductor resistance / conductor resistance 56.1 ohm meter, Operatig voltage ­ Operating voltage

50 KV (testing voltage 75 KV) Inner conductor inner conductor CuSn 0.76 mm ∅ = 0.45 mm 2 with 4 Ampersteadfast, "aufweißt.

For activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the coil wire of the secondary winding, a high DC voltage tothe terminals of the two­dimensional line halves a and b of the coil wire (shield and inner conductor of the powercable) is connected, for this DC power supply I use a power supply units of F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr.2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I usethe type: High voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current and 50 keV electron energy I use thetype: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA.The same DC power supply is used for the ballistic coil, for the connecting line.For feeding said high DC voltage to the shielding and the inner conductor of the power cable and for theconnections of the two­dimensional coil of the two­dimensional consumers used, I use the high voltage connectorsand high voltage bushings to 100 KV by the manufacturer www.hivolt.de and company FuG Elektronik GmbHFlorian Straße 2, 83024 Rosenheim.

c) briefly described herein relates to the research field of ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energysystems, which in the field of gravitational­magnetic fields with the application in a transformer or generatorfor vibration frequencies in Pulsed DC area, in the AC range and the high frequency range.

This ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system for pulsed direct current, alternating current and highfrequency 1­4000 kHz can also pulse generator RF generator, high voltage power supply, ferrite cores, specialhigh­voltage cables, high voltage connectors and high voltage bushings from American manufacturers, establishedGerman producers and French producers and be made with these components.

2.10) utility model structure according to available industrial parts. For the model of the two­dimensionalelectron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 1­33 kHz (pulse direct current) I use the pulse generator"MAGPULS Quickwap generator", product of MAGPULS Power Systems GmbH / In the Box 19 / D­76547Sinzheim / E ­mail: magpuls­@t­online.de/www.magpuls.com

Utility Model I.Transformer core transformer core for 18 KHz ferrite core to 450 kHz (drawing no. 1) Image not available

Height of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­Core height Pos 12 ) 160 cmLength of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­core length Item 7 ) 160 cm

Core cross­section of the transformer core (A) 7 x 7 cm = 4900 mm 2

Right and left of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (window height Pos 15 ) 153 cm.Web of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (Pos wide web 13 (7 cm x 7 cm, land length equallength outer core).

Over the length of the transformer core at the Pos 3 the core with a mounting bracket with its mounting ispermanently connected.The rectangular primary bobbin and the rectangular secondary bobbin with the thereon in the windings in the U­shaped transformer core column (window height Pos 15 ) Mounted on the U­shaped transformer core column. Special design of the transformer core for 18 kHz to 450 kHz ferrite core of company KASCHKE KG GMBH &CO. · PO Box 2542 · 37015 Göttingen Germany · Phone +49 (0) 5 51­50 58­6 · Fax +49 (0) 51­65 75 5 6 · [email protected] or Wagner + Grimm AG, work Strasse 4, PO Box 662, CH­6102 Malters or Tridelta Dortmund,Ostkirchstrasse 177; D­44287 Dortmund, Germany; E­mail: [email protected].

2.11) For the isolation of the transformer and the high voltage connections one Isolierfüllmasse needed.Isolierfüllmasse

Epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KG resin + hardener 2 Kg or cast resin TECEPUR 280 for 10 [email protected]

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Two­component polyurethane casting resin systemTECE Thews & Clüver GmbH / Osterdeich 64/28203 [email protected] [email protected]) for this transformer core, I need the following rectangular primary bobbin

Primary bobbinDrawing no. 3Primary bobbin

rectangular coil body (item 21 ) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers ( 20 ) 20 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (Pos 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cm2.13) winding wire for the primary coil.

High voltage cable as a winding wire for the primary coil.High voltage cable, manufactured and supplied by company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH Hans­Schwindt­Str.6/81829 München/[email protected] is used in the ballistic transformer primary winding wire.High voltage cable Part­no / Best. . No. 140470/59 Ohm Km; Operatig voltage Operating voltage U · max 3

KV / diameter = 0.75 .. 0.44 mm 2 = loaded with 3 amps.

High voltage wire cross section Cu Sn 0.75 mm 2 / Operating voltage 3 KV 2 · 284 turns or strand ofNessler Electronics / Giselastraße 35 / D 63500 Blessed City Tel. (0049) 6182­1886 FAX 0 (0049) 0 6182­3703 ... used.

Image not available10 m or 25 m ringPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 25 KHz primary winding 10.2 turnsand 2 · 6 mm²98.03 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 20 KHz primary winding 12.2 turnsand 2 · 6 mm²78.74 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 15 KHz primary winding 29.4 turnsand 2 · 6 sq mm, 34.01 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 10 KHz primary winding 19.6 turnsand 2 · 6 sq mm, 51.02 volts per turnWhen primary power by MAGPULS Quickwap generator on the primary coil, system data for 20 KHz / 1000volts and 100 A pulse current 28.3 turns = 35.26 volts per turn.2.14) for the model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 1­33 kHz (pulsedirect current) I use the pulse generator "MAGPULS Quickwap generator", product of MAGPULS PowerSystems GmbH / In the Box 19 / D 76547 Sinzheim / E­Mail: magpuls­@t­online.de/www.magpuls.com

Power supply to the primary coilPower input 400/230 V AC, 50/60 HzMains fuse 3 × 100 A sluggishOutput voltage 0­1000 V DC or pulsedOutput current 0­50 A DC or pulsed 0­500APulse frequency DC, 0.05 Hz­33 kHz free adjustability of the pulse timesArc­Level 0­100 AArc­shutdown <1 microsecondsCooling Water CoolingDesign 19 '' ­ rack equipment installed in a Rittal EMC cabinetDimensions H × W × D 2000 × 600 × 800 mmWeight about 350 kg2.15) for this transformer I need the following rectangular secondary bobbin:

Secondary bobbin:

rectangular coil body (drawing no. 3) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers (drawing no. 3, item 20 ) = Diameter of 80 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (drawing no. 3, item 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cmManufactured by Weisser bobbin GmbH & Co. KG, Heidenheimerstraße 26/73450Neresheim/[email protected]) high­voltage cable is used as the two­dimensional winding wire in the secondary coil of the

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transformer 2DES.High voltage cables use as two­dimensional winding wire.

See picture n. 2; Pos 16 = Internal conductor; Pos 17 = Insulation between the inner conductor and theouter conductor (shield); Pos 18 = Outer conductor (shield); Pos 19 = (Insulation) outer sheath.Hige voltage cable high voltage cable company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH / Hans­Schwindt­Str. Delivered6/81829 München/[email protected]

High voltage cable:Order No. 201340 / Conductor resistance 55.9 Ω / km / insulation resistance milliohms 1,000 / km /Operating voltage 50 KV (1­50 KV ballistic capacitor voltage) / test voltage 75 kV / inner conductor fromPhosphor bronze / building 7 × 0.26 = 0.76 mm ∅ / enveloped by an insulation of PE rt 2.88 mm ∅ /enveloped by an inner sheath of PVC rt 5.2 mm ∅ /, surrounded by a shield Cu bl 5.48 mm ∅ / surroundedby an outer sheath PVC rt 7, 28 mm ∅ insulation of the winding to winding of the outer sheath 36 kV orhigher for rollover protection of individual turns of the secondary coil of the outer sheath of PVC is set at14.56 mm ∅.

(Internal cross­section 3 mm 2, supports up to about 3 A)Insulating strength per layer at least 10 KV

Two­dimensional windingAt 19306 turns · 35 V / por turn = 675.7 K. output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.6656 turns · V 35.26 per turn = 232 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.In 4000 windings · V 35.26 per turn = 95 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.At 1800 turns 63 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer 2DES.In 1429 and turns 50 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer 2DES.

As a two­dimensional coil wire so the secondary coil of the transformer 2DES special flexible shielded high voltagecable can be 10 to 500 KV used.Other two­dimensional windingsOther possible system data of the ballistic transformer from the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system.In ballistic cable 1 Type 20 KeV.

Plant data for 20 kHz / 1000 volts and 100 A pulse current in the primary coil of 40 turns (1 turn of theprimary coil processed 25 volts). Pulse input of the pulse current. MAGPULS Quickwap by the generator tothe primary coil and using the ballistic conduction type 20 KeV (high­voltage cable) as the winding wire inthe secondary coilPower output 1000 V · A + 100 20000 0.02 V · A = 100400 watts = 100.4 KW = 0.19157 AOutput power at the ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at:Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.350 KVI = W (P): U = 100400 Secondary Watt: 166350 = 0.6035 A: 2 = 0.30173 AElectron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers b.

In ballistic cable 2 Type 50 KeV.Plant data for 20 kHz / 1000 volts and 100 A pulse current in the primary coil of 40 turns (1 turn of theprimary coil processed 25 volts). Pulse input of the pulse current. MAGPULS Quickwap by the generator tothe primary coil and using the ballistic conduction type 50 KeV (high­voltage cable) as the winding wire inthe secondary coilPower output 1000 V · A 100 volt +50000 1004000 · A = 0.02 watts = 101 KW = 0.191 A.Output power at the ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at:Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.350 KVI = W (P): U = 100400 Secondary Watt: 166350 = 0.6035 A: 2 = 0.30173 AElectron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers b.

In ballistic cable 3 Type 100 KeV.Plant data for 20 kHz / 1000 volts and 100 A pulse current in the primary coil of 40 turns (1 turn of theprimary coil processed 25 volts). Pulse input of the pulse current. MAGPULS Quickwap by the generator tothe primary coil and using the ballistic conduction type 100 KeV (high voltage cable manufacturerwww.hivolt.de) as the winding wire in the secondary coilPower output 1000 V · A 100 + 50000 volts · 0.02A = 1004000 Watt = 101 KW = 0.191 A.Output power at the ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at:Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.350 KVI = W (P): U = 100400 Secondary Watt: 166350 = 0.6035 A: 2 = 0.30173 AElectron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers a.

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Defect electron current density maximum of 0.30173 A in the 2DES layers b.2.16) DC supply to the coil halves a and b of ballistic coil or cable or wire winding halves.DC supply to the coil halves a and b of ballistic coil or cable or wire winding halves and by network devicesof F.. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.deType: High­voltage power supply HCL / 350­20000, 0­20000 volt / current 0­15 mAType: High­voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / current 0­200Type: High­voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mAType: High Voltage Power Supplies HCN / 1400­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­12 mA,Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­15 mA;Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­200000; 0­200000 V; 0­12 mA;2.17) This high voltage cable is used as connecting cable to the ballistic and coil winding wire as theballistic two­dimensional field coil.This high voltage cable 50 KV, order no. 201340 Conductor resistance 55.9 Ohm / km of company Lemo ­Elektronik GmbH / Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected] is used as the connecting cable tothe ballistic and coil winding wire as the second ballistic two­dimensional field coil.

(Rectangular coil body (drawing no. 3) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers (drawing no. 3, item 20 ) = Diameter of 80 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (drawing no. 3, item 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cmManufactured by Weisser bobbin GmbH & Co. KG, HeidenheimStreet 26/73450 Neresheim/[email protected])In a number of turns of windings = 6656 approximately 230 KV voltageload = 5324.8 m length and 100 meters in addition lead (2 x 50 m)load = length of 5424.8 m = 5.42484 · Km 55.9 = 303.24 ohms2.18) Accessories: High voltage connectors and sockets.High voltage connectors HS 21 to max. 20 KVHigh voltage bushings F 3430 max. 20 KV8 / per plant with attached gravity coilHigh voltage connectors HVS 65 / max 65 KV; 8 pieces per plant.High voltage bushing to a maximum of 65 KV / 8 / per plant.

In order to make the high voltage cable 1 or 2 on the two­dimensional secondary coil, the two­dimensionalconnection cable (2DES cable) to the consumer (the ballistic coil) and the feeding of the capacitor voltage from thehigh voltage power supply are high voltage connectors and jacks required to 100 kV.Single­pole high voltage connectors for 20 to 100 kV, manufactured and supplied by company www.ges­electronic.de or www.hivolt.de of the manufacturer or company FuG Elektronik GmbH, Florian Straße 2, 83024Rosenheim.The high voltage connecting units for the high­voltage cable 1 or 2 on the two­dimensional secondary coil, the two­dimensional connection cable (2DES cable) to the consumer (the ballistic coil) and the feeding of the capacitorvoltage from the high voltage power supply will be made of a corresponding plastic housing, mounted thereon highvoltage connectors in the housing two poles connected to each other are made. In order to isolate these specialcases are inside filled with a Hochspannungsisoliermasse. Are the corresponding high­voltage or high voltageconnector sockets at the terminals of the cable and the secondary winding.The plastic housing 97 × 110 × 76 mm beige / brown manufactured and supplied by apra­plast Plastic PackagingSystems GmbH ­ * 5­230, Hamsterweg 9; D­54550 Daun or another company.Junction boxes made of plastic in which the two or three high­voltage bushing up to 65­100 KV ... mounted witheach other and with composite Isolierfüllmasse, epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KGresin + hardener 2 Kg = 128 € costs or TECE cast resin PU 280 is shed for 10 kV.

2.19) IsolierschrumpfschlauchIsolierschrumpfschlauch that insulation capacity must be 54 KV between the two end of the secondary coil.Insulation capacity must be 100 KV between the two ends of the secondary coil. Isolierschrumpfschlauch on thelower winding layer and the last upper winding layer

2.2) utility model structure according to available industrial parts.For the model of two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 50­4000 kHz. As a mainingredient I use a AXIO RF generator 10/450 T / Desktop AXIO 10/450 ­ power 10 KW; Output frequency50­450 kHz or other high­frequency generator (HÜTTINGER Elektronik GmbH + Co. KG, Elsässer Strasse8, 79110 Freiburg, [email protected]/www.huettinger.com

Utility Model II.Transformer core transformer core for 18 kHz to 4000 kHz ferrite core (drawing no. 1) Image not available

Height of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­Core height Pos 12 ) 160 cmLength of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­core length Item 7 ) 160 cm

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Core cross­section of the transformer core (A) 7 x 7 cm = 4900 mm 2

Right and left of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (window height Pos 15 ) 153 cm.Web of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (Pos wide web 13 (7 cm x 7 cm, land length equallength outer core).

Over the length of the transformer core at the Pos 3 the core with a mounting bracket with its mounting ispermanently connected.The rectangular primary bobbin and the rectangular secondary bobbin with the thereon in the windings in the U­shaped transformer core column (window height Pos 15 ) Mounted on the U­shaped transformer core column. Special design of the transformer core for 18 kHz to 450 kHz ferrite core of company KASCHKE KG GMBH &CO. · PO Box 2542 · 37015 Göttingen Germany · Phone +49 (0) 5 51­50 58­6 · Fax +49 (0) 51­65 75 5 6 · [email protected] or Wagner + Grimm AG, work Strasse 4, PO Box 662, CH­6102 Malters or Tridelta Dortmund,Ostkirchstrasse 177; D­44287 Dortmund, Germany; E­mail: [email protected].

2.21) For the isolation of the transformer and the high voltage connections one Isolierfüllmasse needed.Isolierfüllmasse

Epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KG resin + hardener 2 Kg or cast resin TECEPUR 280 for 10 [email protected]­component polyurethane casting resin systemTECE Thews & Clüver GmbH / Osterdeich 64/28203 [email protected] [email protected]) for this transformer core, I need the following rectangular primary bobbin

Primary bobbinDrawing no. 3Primary bobbin

rectangular coil body (item 21 ) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers ( 20 ) 20 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (Pos 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cm2.23) winding wire for the primary coil.

High voltage cable as a winding wire for the primary coil.High voltage cable, manufactured and supplied by company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH Hans­Schwindt­Str.6/81829 München/[email protected] is used in the ballistic transformer primary winding wire.High voltage cable Part­no / Best. . No. 140470/59 Ohm Km; Operatig voltage Operating voltage U · max 3

KV / diameter = 0.75 .. 0.44 mm 2 = loaded with 3 amps.

High voltage wire cross section Cu Sn 0.75 mm 2 / Operating voltage 3 KV 2 · 284 turns or strand ofNessler Electronics / Giselastraße 35 / D 63500 Blessed City Tel. (0049) 6182­1886 FAX 0 (0049) 0 6182­3703 ... used.

Image not available10 m or 25 m ringPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 25 KHz primary winding 10.2 turnsand 2 · 6 mm²98.03 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 20 KHz primary winding 12.2 turnsand 2 · 6 mm²78.74 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 15 KHz primary winding 29.4 turnsand 2 · 6 sq mm, 34.01 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 10 KHz primary winding 19.6 turnsand 2 · 6 sq mm, 51.02 volts per turnWhen primary power by MAGPULS Quickwap generator on the primary coil, system data for 20 KHz / 1000volts and 100 A pulse current 28.3 turns = 35.26 volts per turn.2.24) for the model of two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems 50­4000 kHz. As amain ingredient I use a AXIO RF generator 10/450 T / Desktop AXIO 10/450 ­ power 10 KW; Outputfrequency 50­450 kHz or other high­frequency generator (HÜTTINGER Elektronik GmbH + Co. KG,Elsässer Strasse 8, 79110 Freiburg, [email protected]/www.huettinger.com

Power supply to the primary coilHigh Frequency Transformer for feeding the primary of the transformer 2DES: AXIO RF generator 10/450 TRatio of the output transformer 1: 1;Maximum output voltage 1500 V

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Page 61: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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or other high­frequency generator HÜTTINGER electronics GmbH + Co. KG (Trumpf AG) for the powersupply to the primary coil of the transformer 2DES:

RF generators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG. Image not availableRF generators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG. Image not availableRF generators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG. Image not available

Or power to the primary coil of the transformer 2DES by tube generators of company hardening +Induktionsanlagen perennials Mayer GmbH; Embankment 62 * D­73084 Salach, so RF generators,Specifications: HG 03 to 0.3 KW ­ 4000 KHz; HG 1 to 1.0 KW ­ 2000 KHz; HG 2 to 2.0 KW ­ 2000 KHz;HG 3 to 3.0 KW ­ 2000 KHz; HG 6 to 6.0 KW ­ 200 KHz; HG 8 to 8.0 KW ­ 1000 KHz; HG 12­12 KW ­300/500/700/2000 KHz; HG 16­16 KW ­ 300/500/700/2000 KHz; HG 20­20 KW ­ 300/500/700/2000 KHz;HG 25­25 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz; HG 30­30 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz, HG 50­50 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz;HG 60­60 KW ­ 300/500/700 ­ KHz; HG 80­80 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz; HG 100­100 KW ­ 300/500/700 KHz.2.50) for this transformer I need the following rectangular secondary bobbin:

Secondary bobbin:

rectangular coil body (drawing no. 3) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers (drawing no. 3, item 20 ) = Diameter of 80 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (drawing no. 3, item 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cmManufactured by Weisser bobbin GmbH & Co. KG, Heidenheimerstraße 26/73450Neresheim/[email protected]) high­voltage cable is used as the two­dimensional winding wire in the secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.

High voltage cables use as two­dimensional winding wire.See picture n. 2; Pos 16 = Internal conductor; Pos 17 = Insulation between the inner conductor and theouter conductor (shield); Pos 18 = Outer conductor (shield); Pos 19 = (Insulation) outer sheath.Hige voltage cable high voltage cable company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH / Hans­Schwindt­Str. Delivered6/81829 München/[email protected]

High voltage cable:Order No. 201340 / Conductor resistance 55.9 Ω / km / insulation resistance milliohms 1,000 / km /Operating voltage 50 KV (1­50 KV ballistic capacitor voltage) / test voltage 75 kV / inner conductor fromPhosphor bronze / building 7 × 0.26 = 0.76 mm ∅ / enveloped by an insulation of PE rt 2.88 mm ∅ /enveloped by an inner sheath of PVC rt 5.2 mm ∅ /, surrounded by a shield Cu bI 5.48 mm ∅ / surroundedby an outer sheath PVC rt 7, 28 mm ∅ insulation of the winding to winding of the outer sheath 36 kV orhigher for rollover protection of individual turns of the secondary coil of the outer sheath of PVC is set at14.56 mm ∅.

(Internal cross­section 3 mm 2, supports up to about 3 A)Insulating strength per layer at least 10 KV

Two­dimensional winding19306 turns · 35 V / por turn = 675.7 K. output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.6656 turns · V 35.26 per turn = 232 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.4000 windings · V 35.26 per turn = 95 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer 2DES.At 1800 turns 63 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer 2DES.In 1429 and turns 50 KV output voltage of the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer 2DES.

As a two­dimensional coil wire so the secondary coil of the transformer 2DES special flexible shielded high voltagecable can be 10 to 500 KV used.Other two­dimensional windingsOther two­dimensional windings of the secondary coil of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystem.The prescribed investment data for 20 kHz are:

a) power to the primary coil by the AXIO RF generator 50­450 kHz / with the following power: "Feed theprimary winding of RF output transformer and 1500 volts and 6.6 A high frequency current.b) The primary coil of the transformer 40 has windings (thus 1 turn equal to 25 volts).c) The appropriate selection (high­voltage cable is used as the winding wire in the secondary coil) of theballistic cable:

Ballistic cable 1 Type 20 KeVSecondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KW

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Page 62: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

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Output ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers b.

Ballistic cable 2 Type 50 KeV.Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KWOutput ballistic cable 2 (50 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers b.

Ballistic cable 3 Type 100 KeV.Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KWOutput ballistic cable 3 (100 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers b.2.252) DC supply to the coil halves a and b of ballistic coil or cable or wire winding halves a and b u bynetwork devices of F.. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.deType: High­voltage power supply HCL / 350­20000, 0­20000 volt / current 0­15 mAType: High­voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / current 0­200Type: High­voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mAType: High Voltage Power Supplies HCN / 1400­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­12 mA,Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­15 mA;Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­200000; 0­200000 V; 0­12 mA;2.253) This high voltage cable 50 KV is used as the connecting cable to the ballistic coil winding wire andas for the two­dimensional field coilThis high voltage cable 50 KV, order no. 201340 Conductor resistance 55.9 Ohm / km of company Lemo ­Elektronik GmbH / Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected] is used as the connecting cable tothe ballistic coil winding wire and as for the two­dimensional field coil.

(Rectangular coil body (drawing no. 3) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers (drawing no. 3, item 20 ) = Diameter of 80 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (drawing no. 3, item 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cmManufactured by Weisser bobbin GmbH & Co. KG, HeidenheimStreet 26/73450 Neresheim/[email protected])In a number of turns of windings = 6656 approximately 230 KV voltageload = 5324.8 m length and 100 meters in addition lead (2 x 50 m)load = length of 5424.8 m = 5.42484 · Km 55.9 = 303.24 ohms2.254) Accessories: High voltage plugs and sockets.High voltage connectors HS 21 to max. 20 KVHigh voltage bushings F 3430 max. 20 KV8 / per plant with attached gravity coilHigh voltage connectors HVS 65 / max 65 KV; 8 pieces per plant.High voltage bushing to a maximum of 65 KV / 8 / per plant.

In order to make the high voltage cable 1 or 2 on the two­dimensional secondary coil, the two­dimensionalconnection cable (2DES cable) to the consumer (the ballistic coil) and the feeding of the capacitor voltage from thehigh voltage power supply are high voltage connectors and jacks required to 100 kV.Single­pole high voltage connectors for 20 to 100 kV, manufactured and supplied by company www.ges­electronic.de or www.hivolt.de of the manufacturer or company FuG Elektronik GmbH, Florian Straße 2, 83024Rosenheim.The high voltage connecting units for the high­voltage cable 1 or 2 on the two­dimensional secondary coil, the two­dimensional connection cable (2DES cable) to the consumer (the ballistic coil) and the feeding of the capacitorvoltage from the high voltage power supply will be made of a corresponding plastic housing, mounted thereon highvoltage connectors in the housing two poles connected to each other are made. In order to isolate these specialcases are inside filled with a Hochspannungsisoliermasse. Are the corresponding high­voltage or high voltageconnector sockets at the terminals of the cable and the secondary winding.The plastic housing 97 × 110 × 76 mm beige / brown manufactured and supplied by apra­plast Plastic Packaging

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Page 63: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

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Systems GmbH ­ * 5­230, Hamsterweg 9; D­54550 Daun or another company. Junction boxes made of plastic inwhich the two or three high­voltage bushing up to 65­100 KV ... mounted with each other and with compositeIsolierfüllmasse, epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KG resin + hardener 2 Kg = 128 €costs or TECE cast resin PU 280 is shed for 10 kV.

2.255) Isolierschrumpfschlauch54 KV insulation capacity must be between the two end of the secondary coil. Insulation capacity must be 100 KVbetween the two ends of the secondary coil. Isolierschrumpfschlauch on the lower winding layer and the last upperwinding layer

2.30 Basic parameters valuesThe two­dimensional electron system based on the displacement of the electron orbital electrons from the valenceband to the conduction layer b to a wiring layer. This is accomplished by applying a high electrostatic 20­500 KVDC voltage of the wiring layer for wiring layer b a. Increase in mass of the electrons in the presence of electric fieldstrengths in the two­dimensional line.The particular state of the 2DES line is generated by applying a high electric field strengths of about 1 to 1000 kV /cm to the ballistic two­dimensional line. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage to the electrostatic2DES line, ie on the wiring layer b and a. These electron orbital displacement of the electrons b to the wiring layera, leaves in the valence band of the wiring layer b an unoccupied state with a positive charge formed by a quasi­particles, called defect electron or hole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­ke is from the valence band of thewiring layer described , The electrons and the holes are left by the forces acting on the two­dimensional line veryhigh negative and positive voltage potentials, an acceleration in a higher Orbitalemassenniveau. The amount of therespective orbitals mass is determined by the amount of voltage applied to the two­dimensional electrostaticvoltage line.The fact is as in the physics of particle accelerators and in the work "geregtes GaAs: evidence for effects ofBlochoszillation in a natural semiconductor Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree in Natural Sciences Faculty ofNatural Sciences II ­ Physics University of Regensburg presented (dr rer. Nat.). by Raymond Franz Summer ofWaldsassen June 27, 2002 "(the following descriptions are the mass increase by a high voltage electrostaticdescribes) is known.

2.31) level of ballistic­generated voltage.In the transformer or generator.

The orbitals of the mass defect electron and the electron is produced by the the separated by isolationLeitungsschichen a and b, adjacent high electrostatic voltage. There is a charge transfer from the conductive layerto a conductive layer b, the electron and the electrons of the defect manifests itself as a voltage potential isorbitals. Through these orbitals voltage potential, the electron and the hole­automatically get pointed to a highermass than if they would stay in the ground state. This is the interaction of the atomic nuclei of the ballisticconduction layer a and b. Release the supply voltage level of the capacitor between the electron and hole­conducting layers a and b determines the acting ballistic electron orbitals and electron mass defect (20 kV or 50kV).Type 20 KeV.(Manufacturer www.hivolt.de)Due to the nature of electrical energy supplied to the primary coil, it creates according to a certain magneticinduction in the two­dimensional ballistic secondary coil (20 kV or 50 kV or 100 kV or 150 kV or 200 kV or 300 kVcoil) of the transformer, the two­dimensional electrons thus generated ­Defektelektronenenergie has the followingmass­prone voltage:

a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or300 keV, ballistic with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 50 KeV high tension voltageand pole of the negative electron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or300 keV, with the polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keVwith the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltageand pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20 KeV or 50 KeV and 100 KeV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300keV, with the polarity of the ground potential defect electrons excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballisticvoltage.

These fields of massenbehafte voltage and currents are due to their movement of the masses in a referencesystem gravitational­magnetic nature. The accelerated by the high kinetic energy of the magnetic induction fieldelectrons and holes, can be part of this transfer their energy upon impact on a second electron, and this thus makeit possible to move from the valence to the conduction band. The electrons and holes generated in this way cannow naturally turn are accelerated and generate more electron­hole pairs.Electrons and holes move in pairs in the same direction by the ballistic 2DES layers a and b. Special Nature: Physical quantum radiation of energy at high frequency

2.32) Cross­section of the ballistic electron and hole­line or winding wire of the two­dimensional coil.Operating voltage 20 kV (Type 20 KeV)

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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High voltage cable Part­no / Best. No. 201340 / Conductor resistance / conductor resistance 56.1 OhmmeterOperatig voltage ­ Operating voltage 0­50 KV (testing voltage 75 KV)

Inner conductor inner conductor CuSn 0.76 mm ∅ = 0.45 mm 2 with 4 ampere load.Schreen / shield 6.5 mm to 7.3 mm with 4 ampere load.

Inner conductor 0.75 mm 2 supports up to 4 amps

Outer sheath about 0.3825 mm 2 supports up to 4 ampsIsolation from turn to turn 2 × 10 = 20 KV KVOperating voltage 50 KV (Type 50 KeV).High voltage cable, manufactured and supplied by company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH Hans­Schwindt­Str.6/81829 München/[email protected] is used in the ballistic transformer as the secondary winding wire.2.33) electron and hole­currents, current flow in the ballistic electron­ and hole­line.Conductive layer a and b only to 0.255 A.In ballistic cable 0­50 KVElectron current density than 1­4, A2.34) shift factor of the electrostatic DC voltage in the ballistic conduction parts or coil parts a and bdetermines the mass of electrons and holes in this two­dimensional Leitung­ or coil system

Depending on:a) binding energy of electrons in the atomic shell

The amount of energy you have to spend to infinity to remove all of the electrons of the atom far from the nucleusof each other and are referred to as binding energy. It is smaller in all excited states than in the ground state. Asyou state, without interaction, in which all electrons at infinity rest that assigns zero energy, the energyeigenvalues of the bound states agree in magnitude with the binding energy in the respective state match. Thebinding energies are positive and are between 13.6 eV for the hydrogen atom and the order of 100 keV for theheavy atoms. The binding energy E B refers to the Fermi energy E F or the chemical potential of the solid. The

work function Φ 0 describes the energy difference between the Fermi energy (body energy atomic nucleus) and

vacuum level and is a characteristic, material and surface specific size The underlying idea was to determine theenergy distribution of occupied electronic states N (E B) by the photoemission excitation in to convert a distribution

of photoelectrons I (E kin) with corresponding kinetic energy, the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons can then be

measured by means of suitable magnetic or electrostatic analyzers. So a photoemission spectrum contains theproduct of electronic density of states N (E) and Fermi distribution f (E, T) describes the temperature­dependentoccupation of the states.One of the most important examples of the effects of a strong electron­electron interaction is the Kondo effect inmetals, which manifests itself as a characteristic minimum in the (in depth) Temperature dependence of theelectrical resistance. Its cause is the electrostatic­magnetic coupling of the f­conduction electrons to the atom, isalso the reason for the occurrence of so­called heavy­fermion systems. Their thermodynamic properties can beobtained by electron­like quasiparticles with an unusually large effective mass of one up to 1000 times the mass ofa free electron describe. The emission spectra of such highly correlated system are very complicated. To describethe many­body effects are required, the so­called spectral function, which takes the place of the density of statesN (E) of the one­electron image. In the systems discussed here, the strong interaction between conductionelectrons and magnetic induction leads (moments) to the fact that close to the spectral function of the f electrons ­for cerium (Atom) above ­ the Fermi energy shows a sharp, very intense structure is called the Kondo resonance.Due to the high electrostatic voltage on the two­dimensional line evoked extreme electrostatic­magnetic coupling ofthe conduction electrons on the atom for that described semiconductor physics Kondo effect. The conductionelectrons get virtually given a higher mass thanks to this coupling of the atoms of the ballistic conduction layer, itcreates a congener heavy­fermion systems.

b) The charge carrier offset 20 to 300 kV of applied voltage on the capacitor ballistic conduction layer orballistic coil layer (a and b). The orbital mass of the electron and the electron defect caused by the separateto the Leitungsschichen by isolating a and b are fitting high electrostatic voltage. There is a charge carrieroffset from the line layer to a conductive layer b, which is expressed as a dividend in exploitingObitalespannungspotential electron and the hole­up. By this Obitalespannungspotential the electron and thehole­automatically get pointed to a higher mass than when they are in the ground state. This is theinteraction with the atomic nuclei of the ballistic conduction layer.

There are composite Fermionenteilchen.c) increase in mass of the electron at electric field strengths

The particular state of the 2DES­line is described.It is generated by applying a large electric field strengths of about 1 to 1000 kV / cm at the ballistic­dimensionalline. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage to the electrostatic 2DES line, ie on the wiring layer band a. These electron orbital displacement of the electrons b to the wiring layer a, leaves in the valence band ofthe wiring layer b an unoccupied state with a positive charge formed by a quasi­particles, called defect electron or

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hole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­ke is from the valence band of the wiring layer described , Theelectrons and the holes are accelerated by an acceleration ground level to the level of the negative and positivevoltage potential by acting on the two­dimensional line very high positive and negative voltage potentials. Thisacceleration is manifested as corresponding increase in mass of the electron and the electron holes, each orbitalmass.In "geregtes GaAs: evidence for effects of Blochoszillation in a natural semiconductor Dissertation for the DoctoralDegree in Natural Sciences (... Dr. rer nat) Faculty of Natural Sciences II ­ Physics University of Regensburgpresented by Raymond Franz Summer of Waldsassen 27 June 2002 "The following descriptions are describing theincrease in mass by a high electrostatic voltage. This same fact is also known from the physics of particleaccelerators.

2.35) theory of dimensions from the point of view of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes)energy system.

If you want to get a general overview in the realm of physics today, will not get very far in circumstances wherehe. This only earthly standards, such as Isaac Newton once attaches Very quickly he is confronted with thegeneral theory of relativity, Albert Einstein, or taken spiritually with the search for a unified world formula. He willmeet new dimensions, but what is a dimension?Let us look at the concept of dimension a little closer. A dimension is yes in principle nothing more than apredictable unit and reflects the context of a mathematical or physical quantity of the basic parameters of themeasuring system used again. Simplifies could a definition look like this: A dimension is measurable andpredictable property size. In physics, for example, the meter a physical space size, as the hour as a time variable.That is, this actually proves a simple statement. To feel not concentrated us in life or suffer from constant stress,our lives must take place at least in a five­dimensional habitat. Our three­dimensional space in which we move,consists of length × width × height. We speak of a four­dimensional space or four­dimensional space­timestructure, and if we look at the events in the universe, it is necessary to include other dimensions be in ourthoughts.In Much has already been written, or reported in popular science programs, and always newer better understandingwas presented by research in this area. In the course of the years they were aiming a little closer, Mauschescientific research results in the fields of the microcosm and the macrocosm brought great progress. As the namesuggests, in the scientific disciplines of the microcosm one is occupied with the physical properties of smallparticles, also referred to as quantum physics sufficiently familiar. In the searches on the plane and in the fieldmacrocosm it comes to the theory of relativity, and related links.One of the first scientists who recognized that a theory of relativity can only be carried expect satisfactory resultswhen additional dimensions are consulted, were Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein. Already in 1921 counted Kaluzageneral relativity is not 4, but with 5 dimensions by and received only by the aid of this 5th dimension satisfactoryresults in his equations. Oskar Klein later extended this theory to the effect that the 5th dimension would not berecognizable as this extra dimension behaved like a coiled dimension. The reader might imagine this dimensionrolled about like a rolled­up ball of wool. A ball of yarn would perceive the man from a distance, just as a pointwithout knowing the actual dimension of the length of the Pfadens.But back to the unified world formula and the dimensions of the microcosm and the macrocosm. One wouldprobably come in many large, and in as many areas still largely unresolved questions about the origins, evolutionand natural laws of our universe hardly a step further, both areas of these disciplines would be consideredseparately and treated each other. A bridge, as a common basis, should be beaten.In order to bridge this gap even begin ranged 4 dimensions by far not enough. It had to be involved moredimensions to help equations should rise even close. Among other things, this string theory was developed, whichis now recognized by the majority of quantum physicists. This string theory is that each quark has 6 charges asUrteilchen of known matter and these six charges form 6 dimensions. The result is then the following dimensionsfor our current information, present worldview, the rolled­up dimension could not prevail: 01. Length / 02. Width / 03. Height / 04th Time / 05. rolled dimension 06. Spin charge / 07th weak charge / 08th electric charge / 09th Color charge 10 heavy cargo / 11th LeptonenladungThese charges are to be located in a six­dimensional cargo space. Has seen this cargo space still no one, but withquantum numbers can calculate and define that content. The now it devoted 10 to 11 dimensional view of the worldhas the great advantage, it can also be consulted to calculations of quantum physicists probably the same as forcalculations on the macro physics, or is not in contradiction to the latter calculations. Now if still does not provethe available sizes than sufficient for certain calculation methods provide a satisfactory result in their equations,one can use and set up other dimensions.

2.36) By feeding the pulse direct current or alternating current or radio frequency energy in the primary coil ofthe transformer, the two­dimensional type of energy of the corresponding two­dimensional involving masselectrons and holes generated in the two­dimensional ballistic secondary coil. The weight­bearing electronand hole­potential fields radiate gravitational quantum fields.

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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The gravitational­magnetic quantum triggered by their high oscillation frequencies in their immediate geographicalenvironment, the natural gravitational field lines from and create energy fields with the spatial structure of theproperty.The existing mass­prone electron and defect electron potential energy fields change the room around her, so thatan energy related species Einstein space is created. This characteristic of the highly oscillating involving masselectron and the hole­potential fields allow artificial spatial structures with different energy values such as Einsteinto create space.In other words, mass­prone electron and the hole­potential fields in the frequency range from 1 to 4000 kHz. Theturns of the coil 2DES produce energetic electron and the hole­potential fields with the fields of the property as aspatial structure. Application: Vibration Control of 1 Hz to 4000 kHz, fields, and spatial structure. Spatial dimensions of the ballistic two­dimensional field­electron defect electron energy system. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity produce moving masses a "gravitational­magnetic" field.This oscillating at high frequency electron particles and Defektelektronenteilchen in such a dual ballistictransformer system have this property of the gravitational­magnetic field.A remark no consequence which arise from the system parameter values of the oscillating masses in the ballisticfield­electron transformer system and dual ballistic large field­electron­coil system, a change in the area of itsamplitude, ie near the ballistic field coils is a change in the spatial values the surrounding dimensional space. Ourmulti­dimensional space is curved due to the dividend are in your Matere and energy structures with a constantvalue. This curvature factor depends on the normal geometric structure, and the normal energetic density of thesurrounding space from us. Are we in a limited space system to change the values of the energy structure,governed by its own dimensional spatial conditions in this small section of the room area. We artificially changethese values a, we must gain access to the Einstein­like space parallel.

3,0) method for the generation of electron and hole crystal crystal using the highly strained two­dimensionalelectron­hole­energy. With the embodiment 2, first, a simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system in a transformer and their applications, on the basis of the pulse direct current, according toclaim 2. "method for the generation of electron crystal and crystal of holes (drawing no. 4) are describedusing the highly strained two­dimensional electron­hole­energy ".

Application of this two­dimensional electron­hole­voltages for the operational steps for the crystallization of a metalwire or metal pipe, stand in a wire reel system, under one­foot of a very high ballistic voltage potential of 10­1000kV, the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy.The material from the electron crystal and crystal hole is needed for technical applications in this patentapplication, the two­dimensional electrical engineering in the field of space and in the electrical industry. Thisspecial material increase performance in the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy systems is possible.The process for the production of electron and hole crystal crystal (drawing no. 4) with the help of highly strainedtwo­dimensional electron­hole­energy. The whole system of process plant is located in a highly Isolated plant or ina high vacuum chamber with the isolated rectangular following example size: 5.5 m × 2.5 m × 3 m.Electron crystal:From the first wire reel [reel (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ), The metal wire (drawing no. 4, pos 33 ) In the opening of thefront of your head are in dividend laser (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ), Then into the small hole in the center of the fivecooling chamber walls (drawing no. 4, pos 28 . 29 and 30 ) Hindurchgeführ and the second wire reel [reel (drawingno. 4, pos 24 ) For the metal wire spooling) wound up.

3.1) The basis of the ballistic crystal structure change system is changing the crystal structure of a glowingalloy wire or a prefabricated silver tube with inward HTS powder. Under one­foot of a very high ballisticvoltage potential of 10­1000 kV, during crystallization is The procedure of the crystallization of the metalwire or the metal pipe is carried out in a wire reel system.3.2) Structure and Abmaßungen the ballistic crystal structure change system. Process equipment formachining of metal strands of prefabricated HTS wire (silver tube with inward HTS powder).

The whole system of process plant is located in a highly insulated system or in a highly insulated rectangularvacuum chamber with the following size eg 5.5 m × 2.5 m × 3 m.

a) This method investment is montier on a rectangular metal plate, which in turn is due to a very thickinsulating plate (item 35 ) Mounted 539 cm x 120 cm surface and 80 cm thick.b) first wire reel [reel (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ) For the metal strand unwinding] of 70 cm diameter, 30 cmwidth of the wire reel; Sheet thickness: from 1 to 6 mm, axis: core diameter as desired, with centralspreading axis Kegelradbefestigung the wire reel, Material: Steel, with appropriate support (Drawing No. 4,pos. 31 ) [Height 70 cm up to the center axis of the reel] for the reels of wire.

Electron crystal:No. On the wire reel [reel (drawing. 4, pos 25 . 31 . 38 ) Is the positive ballistic voltage pole of the negativeelectron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of theground potential electron excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and the other the voltage, the pole ofnegative electron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the

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Page 67: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

https://www.google.com/patents/DE102006024610A1?cl=en&dq=tesla+coil+spacecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6tH2VOXKE8SzoQTb­4FI&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA 67/94

polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 850 KeV ballistic high tension voltage is connected to theouter wall of the vacuum chamber.Locher crystalNo. On the wire reel [reel (drawing. 4, pos 25 . 31 . 38 ) Is the positive ballistic voltage pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of the groundpotential defect electrons excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and the other the voltage of thepositive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity ofthe ground potential defect electron deficiency of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic is connected to the wall of thevacuum chamber.

c) After the first wire reel [reel (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ) Is the laser head (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ) With itsholder, the following laser focusing unit, the traversal path (drawing no. 4, pos 33 Height of the path of travel35 cm) of the metal wire is located underneath the laser head (drawing no. 4, pos 26 )d) From the laser head (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ) With its holder, whose foot is mounted on the railadjustment, followed at a distance of 10 cm is the four­division through cold chamber (drawing no. 4, pos 28. 29 and 30 ), With cold liquid supply port (drawing no. 4, pos 37 ), It is mounted with its mounts on the railadjustment. The four­split cooling chamber has a height of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm and a length of 50 cm.The hole in the middle of the cold chamber (H 10 cm x B 10 cm) is on the same level as the metal wire, andgo through all the walls of the four­part cold chamber, the fixtures are designed that the hole in the amountof 35 cm of the traversal path for the metal wire is located, (10 cm x 10 cm H B) is in the higher in themiddle of the cold chamber. Located at the four­part cold chamber of Hintereanschluss (item 37 ), The liquidcoolant supply and the front port of the liquid coolant outlet (drawing no. 4, pos 38 ).e) extraction and recovery of the refrigerant, the Hintereanschluss the liquid coolant supply and the front portof the liquid coolant discharge pass through the vacuum chamber isolated over rougher the refrigerationsystem.f) distance of 160 cm, the second wire reel (drawing no. 4, pos 24 ) (Drum for the metal strand unwinding) of70 cm diameter, 30 cm width of the wire reel; Sheet thickness: from 1 to 6 mm, axis: core diameter asdesired, with central spreading axis Kegelradbefestigung the wire reel, Material: Steel, with appropriatesupport for the reels of wire (height 70 cm up to the axial center of the reel) with drive motor and isolationdrive shaft. The wire reel (reel for the metal wire) their holders mounted with feet on the adjustment rail.Both reels are mechanically connected by a common motor drive system with each other.3.31) Required parts of the ballistic crystal structure change system.

The whole system of process plant is located in a highly Isolated plant or in a high vacuum chamber with theisolated rectangular following size eg 5.5 m × 2.5 m × 3 m.

a) This method investment is montier on a rectangular metal plate, which in turn is due to a very thickinsulating plate (item 35 ) Mounted 539 cm x 120 cm surface and 80 cm thick. Material: steel and plastic.b) metal strands ­ available from Eisenlitze in 200 m rolls. Product ID: 046 Dräger Group; Gerdener Str. 44;D­49326 Melle; Internet: www.ad­chronographen.de; E­mail: [email protected]) steel wire from KPM 60 composition c 2.3%; Cr 4.2%; Mon, 7%; V 6.5%; W 6.5%; 19.5% Co ..Standard W­1.3241 No. of www.ok­werkzeugstahl.de.

b2) EDM wire, STAMMCUT ® BRASS HI1050 tensile strength Rm [N / mm2]> 1050 conductivity [m / Ω mm2] 13.5 Dimensions [mm] 0.20­0.30 Heinrich Stamm GmbH www.stamm­wire.de ,b3) enamelled copper wire 1.0 mm 40 gr, enamelled copper wire 1.42 mm 80 gr of power electronic,Oberberghof Strasse 61, 89134 Blaustein / http:.. //www.torcman.de.b4) silver wire 0.8 mm; Silver wire .... 0.4 mm 40 meters Revel opera multimedia service; Udo Rehfeldt;Emdenstr. 11, 46145 Oberhausen Contact: [email protected]) prefabricated HTS wire (silver tube with inward HTS powder, multi­layered structure of silver tube andHTS powder); is 0.2 millimeters thick, about three millimeters wide and up to a kilometer longhttp://www.trithor.de.b6) superconductor materials of various kinds.c) first wire reel (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ) (Drum for the metal strand unwinding) of 70 cm diameter, 30 cmwidth of the wire reel; Sheet thickness: from 1 to 6 mm, axis: core diameter as desired, with centralspreading axis Kegelradbefestigung the wire reel, Material: Steel, with appropriate support (height 70 cm upto the middle axis of the reel) for the wire reels. Production info@frisch­gmbh.de; Construction of wirewinding machine for fine wire.d) 160 cm from the first reel of wire (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ) Looked, the laser head is with its holder, thefollowing laser focusing unit, the traversal path (height of the path of travel 35 cm) of the metal wire is

located underneath the laser head (30 cm width possible), laser supply cable and laser unit of asset CO 2

lasers ; www.trumpf.com or laser machining of InnoLas GmbH, D­82152 Krailling Justus­von­Liebig­Ring 8;[email protected]; or by Deckert Laserschneidtechnik GmbH, [email protected]) From the laser head (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ) With its holder, whose foot is mounted on the railadjustment, followed at a distance of 10 cm is the four­division through cold chamber with liquid refrigerant

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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supply port, it is mounted on the rail alignment with their mounts. The four­split cooling chamber has aheight of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm and a length of 50 cm. The hole in the middle of the cold chamber (H 10cm x B 10 cm) is on the same level as the metal wire, and go through all the walls of the four­part coldchamber, the fixtures are designed that the hole in the amount of 35 cm of the traversal path for the metalwire is located, (10 cm x 10 cm H B) is in the higher in the middle of the cold chamber. Are theHintereanschluss and the front port of the refrigerant at the four­part cold chamber.f) extraction and recovery of the refrigerant (drawing no. 4, pos 36 ), The rear terminal of the liquid coolantsupply port and the front of the liquid coolant discharge (drawing no. 4, Pos 28 . 29 and 30 ) Go through thevacuum chamber through insulated pipes for cooling system of R. & Ing. H. Beckmann GmbH, Schallbruch59, 42781 Haan info@beckmann­kaelte.de or liquid helium or liquid nitrogen refrigeration suppliers.g) After this four times a cold room at a distance of 160 cm is the second wire reel (drawing no. 4, pos 24 )(Drum for the metal strand unwinding) of 70 cm diameter, 30 cm width of the wire reel; Sheet thickness:from 1 to 6 mm, axis: core diameter as desired, with central spreading axis Kegelradbefestigung the wirereel, Material: Steel, with appropriate support for the reels of wire (height 70 cm up to the middle axis of thereel). with drive motor and drive shaft insulation. The wire reel (reel for the metal wire) their holders mountedwith feet on the adjustment rail. Both reels are mechanically connected by a common motor drive systemwith each other. Production info@frisch­gmbh.de; Construction of wire winding machine for fine wire.h) reel drive motor control and motor supply cables from the two reel motors, manufacturing info@frisch­gmbh.de; Construction of wire winding machine.i) laser system connection going to the Trial Chamber laser optical cable from laser head laser supply cableand laser unit of asset CO 2 lasers; www.trumpf.com or laser machining of 82152 Krailling Justus­von­

Liebig­Ring 8; [email protected]; InnoLas GmbH or Deckert Laserschneidtechnik GmbH, [email protected]) connecting cables to the ballistic pulse DC generatorsk) cut­off device and discharge facilities for all voltage carrying parts of the system from Siemens AG.l) power supply with two­dimensional electron­hole­energy pulse in the DC area:

Electron crystal:No drawing 4, pos ­ at the wire reel (drum. 25 . 31 . 38 ) Is the Positive ballistic voltage pole of the negativeelectron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of theground potential electron excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and the other the voltage, the pole ofnegative electron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with thepolarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 850 KeV ballistic high tension voltage is connected to theouter wall of the vacuum chamber.

l) power supply with two­dimensional electron­hole­energy pulse in the DC area:Hole CrystalNo drawing 4, pos ­ at the wire reel (drum. 25 . 31 . 38 ) Is the Positive ballistic voltage pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of the groundpotential defect electrons excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage and the other the voltage of thepositive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity ofthe ground potential defect electron deficiency of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic is connected to the wall of thevacuum chamber.

3.33) The sequence of crystallization and the electrical wiring in the ballistic crystal structure modificationsystem.

Electron crystal expiry of crystallizationa) From the first reel drum 1 (coiler drum) (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ), The metal wire (drawing no. 4, pos 33 )In the opening of the front of your head are in dividend laser (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ), Then into the smallhole in the center of the five cooling chamber walls (drawing no. 4, pos 28 . 29 and 30 ) (Cold room)hindurchgeführ and the second wire reel [reel­second drum (drawing no. 4, pos 24 ) For the metal wirespooling] wound up.b) The ballistic generator supplies the wire reel (drum ­ Drawing No. 4, pos. 25 . 31 . 38 ) With the Positiveballistic voltage pole of the negative electron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 850 KeV highly strainedballistic voltage and the other the voltage, the pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarity of the ground potential electrondeficiency of 850 KeV ballistic high tension voltage is connected to the outer wall of the vacuum chamber.Between the metal strands of wire coilers and outer wall of the vacuum chamber, a ballistic force field of850 KeV energy level is formed.c) The electrons in the metal strand of wire coilers are on a high ballistic negative electron orbital masses of20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity of the ground potentialelectron excess of 850 KeV lifted high tension ballistic voltage.

The metal wire moves in the wire coiling systems to the reel drum. 2The laser is turned on and brings the past continuous metal strand for annealing, the crystal structure changed by

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Page 69: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

https://www.google.com/patents/DE102006024610A1?cl=en&dq=tesla+coil+spacecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6tH2VOXKE8SzoQTb­4FI&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA 69/94

this process because the dominant ballistic electron­hole­voltage forms the structure of the crystal structure in thewire during annealing and maintained. With high speed, the Molten metal braid moves to the subsequent coolingbath inside, where it is cooled in a flash and a crystal structure (electron crystal) under the now prevailingconditions formed.

3.33) The sequence of crystallization and the electrical wiring in the ballistic crystal structure modificationsystem.

Hole Crystal expiry of crystallizationd) The ballistic generator supplies the (drum ­ Drawing No. 4, pos. 25 . 31 . 38 ) Is the Positive ballisticvoltage pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300keV, with the polarity of the ground potential defect electrons excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballisticvoltage and the other the voltage of the positive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 850 KeVhighly strained ballistic is connected to the wall of the vacuum chamber.e) The defect electrons in the metal wire, the wire coiling systems on a high ballistic voltage pole of thepositive hole­orbital mass 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV, with the polarityof the ground potential defect electrons excess of 850 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage lifted.f) From the first reel drum 1 (coiler drum) (drawing no. 4, pos 25 ), The metal wire (drawing no. 4, pos 33 ) Inthe opening of the front of your head are in dividend laser (drawing no. 4, pos 26 ), Then into the small holein the center of the five cooling chamber walls (drawing no. 4, pos 28 . 29 and 30 ) (Cold room)hindurchgeführ and the second wire reel [reel­second drum (drawing no. 4, pos 24 ) For the metal wirespooling] wound up.

The metal wire moves in the wire coiling systems to the reel drum. 2The laser is turned on and brings the past continuous metal strand for annealing, the crystal structure changed bythis process because the dominant ballistic hole­voltage forms the structure of the crystal structure in the wireduring annealing and maintained. With high speed, the Molten metal braid moves to the subsequent cooling bathinside, where it is cooled in a flash and made a hole­crystal structure under the now prevailing conditions.The thus formed more­component amorphous alloys, the massive metallic glasses. The carried out from theannealing temperature cooling rates of 1­1000 K / s and faster solidified amorphous metal wire, can be combined tolarger components for commercial applications, such as two­dimensional coil produced from these new materials.Most are alloys Zr­based with additions such as Cu, Al, Ni, Ti and Be.Note 1This described method, the change in the crystal structure by appropriate technical process, ie the production ofdefective electric crystal structures, this option was introduced by the report of the research by the group ofProfessor Michael Bonitz, source Kiel University: "hole crystal found" confirmed.Original publication:

M. Bonitz, VS Filinov, PR Levashov, VE Fortov and H. Fehske, Crystallization in two component Coulombsystem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 235006 (2005).http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.235006http://de.arxiv.org/abs/cond­mat/0507230 (preprint)Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel:http://www.theo­physikuni­kiel.deHomepage of Michael Bonitz: http://www.theo­physikuni­kiel.de/~bonitzHole crystal side of Michael Bonitz:http://www.theo­physik.uni­kiel.de:81/~bonitz/phys­art/holecryst/holecryst.htm4) procedures for the establishment of a gravitational neutralization field around a spacecraft by means ofthe field effect of the two­dimensional current flow in the two­dimensional electron­hole­coil field polesgenerates the gravitational quantum radiates and creates its own gravitational field around them.

Reference to the embodiment 3, according to claim 3, initially a simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system is going to be described for a spacecraft.In the outer shell of the spacecraft, there is a two­dimensional coil through the high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy system is supplied with energy. These so­energized coilgenerates two­dimensional then to the spacecraft an artificial gravitational field that cancels the effect of theterrestrial gravity.Hf model of the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system. As a main ingredient I use a AXIO RF generator10/450 T / Desktop AXIO 10/450 ­ power 10 KW; Output frequency 50­450 kHz or other high­frequency generatorHÜTTINGER Elektronik GmbH + Co. KG Elsässerstrasse 8, 79110 Freiburg,[email protected]/www.huettinger.com the output transformer I change this way: "The primers winding takesthe fed 1­10 KW power on, the ferrite core of the High­frequency output transformer and the secondary coil isgestallte that the secondary coil winding space as large as possible for the 8 mm measured by high­voltage cablesby Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH, Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected], Part­no / Best. . No. 201340 /Conductor resistance / conductor resistance 56.1 ohm meter, Operatig voltage ­ Operating voltage 50 KV (testing

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Page 70: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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voltage 75 KV) Inner conductor inner conductor CuSn 0.76 mm ∅ = 0.45 mm 2 with 4 ampere load "or high­voltagecable 30 kV DC or 50 kV DC or 100 kV DC or 150 kV DC or 200 kV DC, the company FuG Elektronik GmbH,Florian Straße 2, 83024 Rosenheim aufweißt.For activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the coil wire of the secondary winding, a high DC voltage tothe terminals of the two­dimensional line halves a and b of the coil wire (shield and inner conductor of the powercable) is connected, for this DC power supply I use a power supply units of F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr.2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following Data: For 20 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200mA current and 50 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA.The same DC power supply is used for the ballistic coil, for the connecting line.For feeding said high DC voltage to the shielding and the inner conductor of the power cable and the compounds ofI use used as two­dimensional coil of the two­dimensional load the high voltage connectors and high voltagebushings to 100 KV.Type 20 KeV.

Secondary winding turns 6654 = 166.35 K.Power feed­in 2DES transformer 10.30 KWOutput power at the ballistic cable 1 (20 KV capacitor voltage) at:I = W (P): = U Secondary 10300 Watt: 166350 = 0.0619 A: 2 = 0.030 AElectron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers a.Defect electron current density maximum of 0.03 A in the 2DES layers ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­Energy System for Pulsed DC 1­4000 kHz range.4.1) This two­dimensional coil, which is located in the outer shell of the spacecraft, the spacecraft to build agravitational field, which reflects the existing gravitational field lines of the earth.

The United States or NASA has spent about 20 billion US dollars for the development and production of spaceshuttle space shuttle. Application of this gravitational­magnetic fields in a space plane of the successor model ofthe space shuttle would greatly reduce a cost­effective drive system based on gravitational and magnetic fields,space costs.

4.2) The mass­prone electron and positive hole currents in the high­frequency model of the two­dimensionalelectron­electron holes (holes) energy system and its affiliated dimensional coil which is located in the outershell of the spacecraft, generated by the motion of the orbital electron and positive hole masses agravitational field in the outer shell of the spacecraft, is two­dimensional coil and lifts so on with the actionof the gravitation.4.3) Practical application of such gravitational­magnetic pulse fields in the successor model of the spaceshuttle space shuttle. The successor model would size of the Space Shuttle (Orbiter Ables) and as a planeand as a spacecraft would behave.

The basic data of the successora) outer shell:

Change in the outer shell of the Space Shuttle (Orbiter Ables), on the outer skin is 5 cm thick layer welded withcavities, and while there are titanium rails evenly with some cut­outs for the Ballistic cable, at a distance of 10 cmon the plane body of the Space Shuttle (Orbiter Ables) lasers, using welded (or electron beam welding). Toreinforce the struts are einbreites titanium band 5 cm wide, by means of the titanium rails with a laser welded (orelectron beam welding). Then, the ballistic cable is wound in the cavities of the second outer skin. The front part ofthe aircraft body is up to the cargo bay, the first part of the two­dimensional coil, the beginning of the winding goesto the loading bay to the high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems from 50 to 450 kHz and the end of Front coil is the beginning of the two­dimensional rear coil being woundin the same direction as the front two­dimensional coil. The soil of this two­dimensional rear coil goes back into thecharger bay to the high­frequency model of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systemsfrom 50 to 450 kHz. The mass­prone electron and positive hole currents flow in the outer shell of the spacecraftare in dividend­dimensional coil. Generate by the movement of electron orbitals and holes masses a gravitationalfield in the outer shell of the spacecraft and raises so on with the action of the gravitation.

b) The energy of the spacecraft is to make a small nuclear reactor, which can be supplemented by fuel cellsoperating on the basis of hydrogen and oxygen. Dating from the fuel cell water is to be used for cooling theheat shield tiles on re­entry into the Earth's atmosphere. The strong ballistic magnetic field is to protect theouter shell of the Space Shuttle (Orbiter Ables) in front of the glowing plasma.c) turbopumps to the re­entries into the surrounding air, the atmosphere suck in and compress radiate bysuitable thermal heating again as a drive.d) For several start and landing of the space shuttle fuel tanks shall be designed. The re­entry into theatmosphere, no such violent plasma interactions are exposed to 1650 ° C of the surrounding air.e) Very slowly should be the re­entry into the Earth's atmosphere.f) (ballistic electron field­coil system) gravitational­magnetic coils as coil from top to bottom, arranged

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around the first outer shell. The gravitational­magnetic field has to isolate the task of the existing gravityusing the ballistic pulse direct current or alternating current or ballistic ballistic radio frequency energy fromthe space ship hold, and at the same time of the solar protons and electrons of the solar wind.g) The operating frequency of the high­frequency two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems is expected to be 50 to 4000 kHz.5.0) Procedures for the acceleration of satellites and spacecraft. By a pair of oppositely charged ion engineswith wenigenstens two opposite polarity acceleration facilities for fuel ions and a gas flow­through with ahollow cathode and a multi­accelerating acceleration electrodes, the two differently charged ion beamsmutually attract each other in the Fusionsdüse and merge with each other.

Reference to the embodiment 4, according to claim 4, first, a simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system for a spacecraft for its fusion drive on the basis of two oppositely poled two­dimensional electron­defect electron pulse accelerators accomplished are described.From the DE 37 28 011 A1 and DE 198 35 512 C1 is an ion engine with its own ionization for a fuel gas, anaccelerator for the fuel ions such as one with a cathode (drawing no. 6, item 66 ) And an anode equipped electronsource known.In the electrostatic thrusters of the type mentioned in the emerging from a reservoir carried atoms of a fuel gas isfirst ionized and then subsequently the positively charged fuel ions are accelerated in an electrostatic high­voltagefield. In order for such an arrangement, the gas discharge between the anode and the cathode zustarten, thecathode must (drawing no. 5, item 63 (Drawing no. 6, item 66 ) Are comparatively strongly heated so that theescaping electrons due to the applied anode voltage are able to ionize the gas flowing through and thus initiate thedischarge process. Typically, has such a cathode made of a material with high electron emission ability, such asimpregnated tungsten, there usually are brought to a temperature of about 1200 ° C. This requires not only aconsiderable expenditure of energy, but the high cathode temperature leads simultaneously to a strong materialstress and premature fatigue. In addition, a comparatively complex thermal and mechanical design of the entirestable arrangements is required. Finally, this known apparatus requires high gas flow rates, high High­frequencyinductive discharges in the region of the cathode to cause the ignition.The embodiment described 4, according to claim 4 solves this problem, in which it is built in such a fusion driveaccording to the following facts to: The ionization of a fuel gas from the ballistic high frequency supplied insulated and heated capillary (drawing no. 6,item 80 ) Made.The fusion engine consists of two differently charged pulsed accelerator (drawing no. 5 and 6), each with twelveacceleration sections (drawing no. 5, item 43 ­ 47 ) For the differently charged ions.The negative pulse accelerator of the fusion engine polarity is negative from the pole to the negative electron orbitalmasses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 166.3 keVballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV ( 20 or 100 keV), with thepolarity of the ground potential electron Committee of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage, they areconnected to the inner ring electrode of the field electrode of the pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine.The positive pulse accelerator of the fusion engine is from the pole to the positive hole­orbital mass 50 keV (20 or100 keV) with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV highly strained ballisticvoltage and the pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV ), with the polarity of the groundpotential defect electrons surplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage, they are connected to the inner ringelectrode of the field electrode of the pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine. The negative pole of the polarity ofthe electron excess voltage of 50 KeV to the ring electrode, which is connected to the U­shaped ceramic mass ofthe electrode array.The accelerated by the different load pulse accelerator fuel ions come with 3988.8 keV negative electric surplusfield energy and 3988.8 keV positive defect­electric surplus field energy shot into the engine nozzle, attract eachother due to the opposite charge and fuse with intensive energy pulsing with each other. A great energetic pulseleaves the Triebwerkdüse and drives the spacecraft.

5.1) Structure of the negative pulse accelerator of the fusion engineThe pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine and the parts needed.

5.21) A rectangular frame made of titanium, height 2.1 m, width 2.1 m, length 2.89 m xenon pressure tankparallel to each other, but two electrically isolated from each other.5,212) Fuel tank 816 Kg xenon (drawing no. 6, item 64 ).

The hemispherical spherical shell (wall thickness 0.5 cm titanium) of the fuel tanks have a diameter of 0.6 meters.The fuel tank cylinder internal tube has a diameter of 0.6 meters and a length of 2 meters and consists of sheetsmillimeterdünnem titanium, in the fuel tank reinforcing struts are welded. The titanium spherical shells are weldedabove us down with the titanium fuel tank tube. Tank connections for the xenon are each located in the center ofthe semi­spherical ball socket of the fuel tank,

5,213) These tubes each lead to a fuel control valve (special valves, such as is used as fuel in theinnovative ion propulsion RITA, Xenon, drawing no. 6, item 65 ), So lightweight high­pressure tank withtitanium liners made by MAN Technologie AG, a subsidiary of MAN Machinery and equipment

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manufacturing GmbH; Munich.5,214) They are controlled by an insulated adapter from the onboard computer, control electronicsmanufactured by Huttinger Elektronik GmbH + Co.KG; Elsasserstrasse 8; 79110 [email protected],215) The amounts of fuel, so the xenon gas reaches the isolated high­frequency heated capillary (7 cmdiameter and a length of 5 cm, drawing no. 6, item 80 ). Made the insulated high frequency heated capillarywith the holes of Schröder (special glass technology) Buchenweg 20; 25479Ellerau/[email protected] or MAN Technologie AG, a subsidiary of MAN Machinery and equipmentmanufacturing GmbH; Munich.

The inner end of the capillary high­frequency ranges 1 cm from the glass­ceramic lid of the cylinder internal Macorceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ) Inside. The cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube with Macor lid and holesmade by Schröder (special glass technology) Buchenweg 20; 25479 Ellerau/[email protected].

5,216) The ion engine consists of a cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ) With awall thickness of 3 cm. This zylindrige ceramic tube is joined at the top by a ceramic disc the size of thediameter of the ceramic tube and the same wall thickness to a pottery vessel. The length of the cylinderinternal ceramic body (drawing no. 6, item 69 ) Is 75 cm, and has a wall thickness of 2 cm, the internaldiameter is 8 cm and the outer diameter is 12 cm.

Mounting holes for field electrodes into the cylinder internal Macor ceramic pipe:Field electrodes 1 (drawing no. 6, item 72 )At a distance of 3 cm from the first Ausdrittsöffnung the output of the fuel control valve on the lid of the cylinderinternal Macor ceramic tube is outside in the periphery of the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6,item 69 ), The same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to the field electrodes 1 drilled in the glassceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 2 (drawing no. 6, item 73 )Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the firstperipheral hole is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 2 in the glass ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 3 (drawing no. 6, item 74 )Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the secondbore scope of, is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 3 in the glass ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 4 (drawing no. 6, item 75)Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the third boreouter circumference in circumference, drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 4 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 5Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the fourthperipheral hole is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 5 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 6Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ) At a distance of 3 cm from the fifth holecircumference are outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 6 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 7Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the sixth holecircumference is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 7 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 8Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the seventhhole circumference is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections tothe field electrodes 8 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 9Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the eighth holecircumference is outside the scope, 9 drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 10Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the ninth holecircumference are outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 10 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 11Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the tenth hole

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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circumference is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 11 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 12Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the eleventhhole circumference is outside the scope, 12 drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connectionsto the field electrodes in the ceramic cylinder.The cylinder internal Macor ceramic tubes (drawing no. 6, item 69 . 70 . 71 ) Quartz or ceramic tubes having itsholes, the production of the field electrodes made of copper or special metal and glass­ceramic made by Schröder(special glass technology) Buchenweg 20; 25479 Ellerau/[email protected] or another company.

5,217) All field electrodes (drawing no. 5, item 54 ­ 58 ) Are given as Built:5.2171) The field electrode is constructed in the following way:a) In a hollow cylinder internal ceramic tube (drawing no. 5, item 54 ­ 58 U­shaped ceramic ring) is a copperring electrode (second interior ring electrode, drawing no. 5, item 62 ), The cavity in the cylinder internalhollow ceramic tube is filled with an insulating compound.b) On the inner wall, ie, in the middle of the cylinder internal hollow ceramic tube is a copper tube (insidering electrode) with the passing through the insulating terminals (drawing no. 5, item 43 ­ 47 ) Mounted.b) The field electrode consists of a U­shaped ceramic ring of the glass ceramic mass Macor. Is thefollowing manner, during a U­shaped Macor ceramic ring with an outer diameter of 8 cm, and with an innerdiameter of 4 cm, with the following, and a barrel length of 3 cm, the thickness of the U­shaped annularrecess is 0.5 cm. The place in the U­shaped annular recess is 1 cm. From inner ceramic ring and the samehigh 3 mm thickness ring electrode 6 holes are drilled through by the U­shaped ceramic ring for fasteningthe same distance in the middle of the glass ceramic height. The inner ring electrode (drawing no. 5, item 43­ 47 ) Of the field electrode is provided with holes 6 singed, the fastening screws are inserted through thefield during installation of the electrode.

The second interior ring electrode (drawing no. 5, item 62 ) Of the field electrode is located in the U­shapedceramic ring having a larger bore at the location of the holes 6. In the ceramic sleeves for the mounting screwsstuck.During assembly of the individual components of the field electrode, which is the inner ring electrode of the fieldelectrode on the milled­out U­shaped glass ceramic ring, three screws are used, the inserted one another at thesame distance by the inner ring electrode of the field electrode therethrough, inserted into the U­shaped glassceramic ring, inserted through the ceramic sleeve and inserted through the other part of the U­shaped recess. Onthe outstanding screw each set a disk and screwed together with a nut. The space in the U­shaped ceramic ringfilled with ceramic paste, purified component from the dirt and then performed a slow burning process in the kiln.Then slowly cooled and cleaned the component.The mutually insulated ring electrodes behave like a capacitor and as an accelerating electrode, together they formthe field electrode.

5.2172) installation of the field electrodes in the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 69).

The field electrode to the first peripheral hole (drawing no. 5, item 72 ) In the ceramic cylinder (key 69 ) Insertedand then assembled the field electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the fieldelectrodes 1 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 2 (drawing no. 5, item 73 ) Areproduced by two fixing screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 3 (drawing no. 5, item 74 ) Who madethe two mounting screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 4 (drawing no. 5, item 75 ) Areproduced by two fixing screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 5 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 6 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 7 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 8 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 9 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode with

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ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 10 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 11 are produced by two screws.Gradually, the field electrode is inserted into the glass ceramic cylinder and assembled the field electrode withceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 12 are produced by two screws.

5.2173), the negative power supply with two­dimensional electron­hole­energy pulse in the DC area:Power supply with two­dimensional electron­hole­energy pulse in the DC area:Level of ballistic voltage at the output of the transformer of the 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), two­dimensionalelectron­hole­system:Power range: primary winding 40 turns at pulse input 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 volts and 25 kHz pulsefrequency, voltage per turn at 25 V coil cross­section 2 x 6 mm²Power range: primary winding 40 turns at pulse input 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 volts and 25 kHz pulsefrequency, voltage per turn at 25 V sqmm cross section winding 2 · 6.

Power range secondary winding at 6654 turns, the output voltage of the secondary coil of the two­dimensional, sothe defect electron energy Elektrone 166.3 KV.The following voltages are available at the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer are available:

a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the groundpotential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negative electronorbital measure of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3keV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potentialdefect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage and pole of the positive hole­orbitalmass 50 keV (20 or 100 keV) with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron excess 166.3 KeVhighly strained ballistic voltage.

Power of pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine negative5.21731) The power of the pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine polarity negative about takes the pole ofthe negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potentialelectron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negative electron orbitalmasses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3 keVhighly strained ballistic voltage, they are connected to the inner ring electrode of the field electrode of thepulsed accelerator of the fusion engine.

The pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 50 keV (20 or 100 keV) with the polarity of the ground potential defectelectrons surplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage is applied to the ring electrode is connected to theU­shaped ceramic mass of the field electrode.

5.2174) Ballistic voltage to the field electrodes(Drawing no. 5, pos 43­47)

The pole of the high­frequency negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with thepolarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3 keV ballistic voltage is the pole of the voltage, it isconnected to the output of the fuel control valve (drawing no. 5, item 63 ), And the other pole of the high frequencyvoltage of 50 KeV, the pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity ofthe ground potential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage is connected to the connectionof the inner ring electrode the field electrode 1 (drawing no. 5, item 43 ), Respectively.The pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV, the pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage isconnected to the connection of the inner ring electrode of the field electrode 1 ( Drawing no. 5, item 43 ­ 47 ),Respectively.On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 2 (drawing no. 5, item 44 ), The negative pole ofthe electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with the polarity of the ground potential electronsurplus of 166.3 keV ballistic voltage of the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV is thus connected. On theconnection of the inner ring electrode, the electrode field 3 (drawing no. 5, item 45 ), The negative pole of theelectron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 kV is connected. On theconnection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 4 (drawing no. 5, item 46 ), The negative pole of theelectron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3keV highly strained ballistic voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV is connected. On theconnection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 5 (drawing no. 5, item 47 ), The pole of the negativeelectron orbital measure of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 kV is connected.At the terminal of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 6, the pole of the negative electron orbital masses of50 KeV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with the polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 166.3 KeV ballisticvoltage that is the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 KeV is connected. On the connection of the inner ring

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electrode, the field electrode 7, the pole of the negative electron orbital masses with the polarity of the groundpotential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of50 kV, 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), connected , At the terminal of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 8, thepole of the negative electron orbital masses with the polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 166.3 KeVhighly strained ballistic voltage, that the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV is 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV),connected , On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 9 is the pole of the negative electronorbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 166.3 keVballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the acceleration voltage of 50 kV connected.On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 10, the pole of the negative electron orbitalmasses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3keV ballistic voltage so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV is connected. On the connection of the innerring electrode, the field electrode 11, the pole of the negative electron orbital measure of the polarity of the groundpotential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of50 kV, 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), connected , On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 12,the pole of the negative electron orbital mass with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3 keVhighly strained ballistic voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV is 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV),connected ,

5.22) ionization of xenon gas and acceleration in pulsed accelerator I.In the area of the fuel control valve (drawing no. 6, item 80 ), The fuel gas (item 64 ) Ionized by the high­frequencynegative electron orbital masses voltage. Since the pole of the high frequency negative electron orbital masses of50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), is connected with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3 keV highlystrained ballistic voltage to the fuel control valve and the other pole of the high frequency negative electron orbitalmasses of 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), is connected to the ground potential polarity of the electron deficiency of 166.3keV ballistic high tension voltage with the inner ring electrode of the field electrode 1. Where a Ionisationsentladungbetween the fuel control valve and the inner ring electrodes. 1Since the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV, the pole of the negative electron orbital measure of 50 keV(20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tensionvoltage is connected to the connection of the inner ring electrode of the field electrode 1 ,Creates an electrostatic acceleration field of the inner ring electrodes 1 (drawing no. 5, item 43 ­ 47 ) Goes to thering electrode 12. In this acceleration field polarity changing inner ring electrodes (166.3 keV positive and negative)to get the high fuel Accelerated negative ion negative electric field energy surplus of 3988.8 keV. With 3988.8 keVpulse energy they flow into the fusion drive.

5.23) Structure of the pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine II, polarity positivePulsed accelerator (drawing no. 5 and 6, item 70 ) Of the fusion engine II, polarity positive and needed parts.

5,231) A rectangular frame made of titanium, height 2.1 m, width 2.1 m, length 2.89 m xenon pressure tank(drawing no. 6, item 64 ) Parallel to each other, but two electrically isolated from each other.5.232) Fuel tank 816 Kg Xenon

The hemispherical spherical shell (wall thickness 0.5 cm titanium) of the fuel tanks have a diameter of 0.6 meters.The fuel tank cylinder internal tube has a diameter of 0.6 meters, a length of 2 meters and it is composed ofmillimeterdünnem titanium sheets, in the fuel tank reinforcing struts are welded. The titanium spherical shells arewelded above us down with the titanium Treibstofttankröhre. Tank connections for the xenon are each located inthe center of the semi­spherical ball socket of the fuel tank,

5.233) These tubes each lead to a fuel control valve (drawing no. 6, item 65 ) (Special valves, such as isused as fuel in the innovative ion propulsion RITA, the xenon), so lightweight high­pressure tank withtitanium liners manufactured by MAN Technologie AG, a subsidiary of MAN Machinery and equipmentmanufacturing GmbH; Munich.5,234) They are controlled by an insulated adapter from the onboard computer, control electronicsmanufactured by Huttinger Elektronik GmbH + Co.KG; Elsasserstrasse 8; 79110 [email protected],235) The amounts of fuel (drawing no. 6, item 64 ), So the xenon gas reaches the isolated ballistic radiofrequency heated capillary (drawing no. 6, item 80 ), (7 cm diameter and a length of 5 cm). Made theIsolated ballistic RF heated capillary die with holes of Schröder (special glass technology) Buchenweg 20;25479 Ellerau/[email protected] or MAN Technologie AG, a subsidiary of MAN Machinery andequipment manufacturing GmbH; Munich or another company. The inner end of the capillary high­frequencyranges 1 cm from the glass­ceramic lid of the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 )Inside. The cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube with Macor lid and holes made by Schröder (special glasstechnology) Buchenweg 20; 25479 Ellerau/[email protected],236) The ion engine consists of a cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ) With awall thickness of 3 cm. This zylindrige ceramic tube is joined at the top by a ceramic disc the size of thediameter of the ceramic tube and the same wall thickness to a pottery vessel.

The length of the cylinder internal ceramic body is 75 cm, and has a wall thickness of 2 cm, the internal diameter

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is 8 cm and the outer diameter is 12 cm.Mounting holes for field electrodes into the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tubeField electrodes 1 (drawing no. 6, item 76 )At a distance of 3 cm from the first Ausdrittsöffnung the output of the fuel control valve on the lid of the cylinderinternal Macor ceramic tube is outside in the periphery of the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube, drilled at thesame distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to the field electrodes 1 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 2 (drawing no. 6, item 77 )Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube, at a distance of 3 cm from the first peripheral hole is outside thescope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to the field electrodes 2 in the glassceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 3 (drawing no. 6, item 78 )Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube, at a distance of 3 cm from the second bore scope of, is outsidethe scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to the field electrodes 3 in theglass ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 4 (drawing no. 6, item 79 )Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the third boreouter circumference in circumference, drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 4 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 5Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the fourthperipheral hole is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 5 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 6Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ) At a distance of 3 cm from the fifth holecircumference are outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 6 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 7Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the sixth holecircumference is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 7 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 8Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the seventhhole circumference is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections tothe field electrodes 8 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 9Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the eighth holecircumference is outside the scope, 9 drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 10Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the ninth holecircumference are outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 10 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 11Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the tenth holecircumference is outside the scope drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connections to thefield electrodes 11 in the ceramic cylinder.Field electrodes 12Inside the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube (drawing no. 6, item 70 ), At a distance of 3 cm from the eleventhhole circumference is outside the scope, 12 drilled at the same distance 5 holes for the mounting and connectionsto the field electrodes in the ceramic cylinder.The cylinder internal Macor ceramic tubes or quartz ceramic tubes with their holes, making the field electrodes ofcopper or special metal and ceramic, made by Schröder (special glass technology) Buchenweg 20; 25479Ellerau/[email protected].

5.237) All field electrodes (drawing no. 5, item 70 ) Are given as Built:The electrode array is constructed in the following way:

a) In a hollow cylinder internal ceramic tube (drawing no. 5, item 54 ­ 58 U­shaped ceramic ring) is a copperring electrode (second interior ring electrode, drawing no. 5, item 62 ), The cavity in the cylinder internalhollow ceramic tube is filled with an insulating compound.b) On the inner wall, ie, in the middle of the cylinder internal hollow ceramic tube is a copper tube (insidering electrode) with the passing through the insulating terminals (drawing no. 5, item 43 ­ 47 ) Mounted.b) The field electrode consists of a U­shaped ceramic ring of the glass ceramic mass Macor. Is the

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following manner, during a U­shaped Macor ceramic ring with an outer diameter of 8 cm, and with an innerdiameter of 4 cm, with the following, and a barrel length of 3 cm, the thickness of the U­shaped annularrecess is 0.5 cm. The place in the U­shaped annular recess is 1 cm. From inner ceramic ring and the samehigh 3 mm thickness ring electrode 6 holes are drilled through by the U­shaped ceramic ring for fasteningthe same distance in the middle of the glass ceramic height. The inner ring electrode (drawing no. 5, item 43­ 47 ) Of the field electrode is provided with holes 6 singed, the fastening screws are inserted through thefield during installation of the electrode.

The second interior ring electrode (drawing no. 5, item 62 ) Of the field electrode is located in the U­shapedceramic ring having a larger bore at the location of the holes 6. In the ceramic sleeves for the mounting screwsstuck.During assembly of the individual components of the field electrode, which is the inner ring electrode of the fieldelectrode on the milled­out U­shaped glass ceramic ring, three screws are used, the inserted one another at thesame distance by the inner ring electrode of the field electrode therethrough, inserted into the U­shaped glassceramic ring, inserted through the ceramic sleeve and inserted through the other part of the U­shaped recess. Onthe outstanding screw each set a disk and screwed together with a nut. The space in the U­shaped ceramic ringfilled with ceramic paste, purified component from the dirt and then performed a slow burning process in the kiln.Then slowly cooled after the component and cleaned.The mutually insulated ring electrodes behave like a capacitor and as an accelerating electrode, together they formthe field electrode.

5.2372) Mounting the field electrodesInstallation of the field electrodes in the cylinder internal Macor ceramic tube.The field electrode to the first peripheral hole in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. 6, item 76 ) Inserted andthen assembled the field electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the fieldelectrodes 1 (drawing no. 6, item 76 ) Are produced by two fixing screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 2 (drawing no. 6,item 77 ) Are produced by two fixing screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 3 (drawing no. 6,item 78 ) Are produced by two fixing screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 4 (drawing no. 6,item 79 ) Are produced by two fixing screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 5 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 6 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 7 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 8 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 9 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 10 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 11 are produced bytwo screws.Gradually, the field electrode in the glass ceramic cylinder (drawing no. Is 6, item 70 ) Inserted and assembled thefield electrode with ceramic glass cylinder with screws and two terminals of the field electrodes 12 are produced bytwo screws.

5.2374) The positive power supply with two­dimensional electron­hole­energy pulse in the DC area:Power supply with two­dimensional electron­hole­energy pulse in the DC area:Level of ballistic voltage at the output of the transformer of 50 KeV two­dimensional electron­hole­system:Power range: primary winding 40 turns at pulse input 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 volts and 25 kHz pulse

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frequency, voltage per turn 25 V at winding cross section 2 x 6 mm² power range: primary winding 40 turnsat pulse input 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 V and 25 KHzPulse frequency, voltage per turn at 25 V sqmm cross section winding 2 · 6.

Power range secondary winding at 6654 turns, the output voltage of the secondary coil of the two­dimensional, sothe defect electron energy Elektrone 166.3 KV.The following voltages are available at the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer are available:

a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the groundpotential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negative electronorbital measure of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential electron surplus of 166.3keV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potentialdefect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage and pole of the positive hole­orbitalmass 50 keV (20 or 100 keV) with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron excess 166.3 KeVhighly strained ballistic voltage.5.2375) The power of the positive pulse accelerator of the fusion engine.

The power of the positive pulse accelerator of the fusion engine. Takes the pole of the positive hole­orbital mass50 keV (20 or 100 keV) with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV highlystrained ballistic voltage and the pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarityof the ground potential defect electron excess 166.3 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage, they are connected to theinner ring electrode of the field electrode of the pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine. The negative pole of thepolarity of the electron excess voltage of 50 KeV to the ring electrode, which is connected to the U­shapedceramic mass of the electrode array.

5.2376) Ballistic electron holes voltage to the field electrodesThe pole of the high­frequency positive hole­orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with thepolarity of the ground potential defect electrons surplus of 166.3 keV ballistic voltage is the pole of the voltage, it isconnected to the output of the fuel control valve (drawing no. 6, item 66 / 70 ) And the other pole of the highfrequency voltage of 50 KeV, the pole of the positive hole­orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with thepolarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency 166.3 KeV ballistic high tension voltage is connected tothe connection of the inner ring electrode of the field electrode 1 (drawing no. 5, item 43 ), Respectively.The pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV, the pole of the polarity of the ground potential defect electrondeficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage is connected to the connection of the inner ring electrode ofthe field electrode 1 (drawing no. 5, item 43 ), Respectively.On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 2 (drawing no. 5, item 44 ), The positive pole of thedefect electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential defect electronssurplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage of the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV is thusconnected. On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the electrode field 3 (drawing no. 5, item 45 ), The pole ofthe positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential defect electrondeficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 kV isconnected. On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 4 (drawing no. 5, item 46 ), The pole ofthe positive hole­orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the ground potential defect electronssurplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keV isconnected. On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 5 (drawing no. 5, item 47 ), Thepositive pole of the defect electron orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity of the groundpotential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the acceleratingvoltage of 50 kV is connected. At the terminal of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 6, the pole of thepositive hole­orbital masses of 50 KeV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with the polarity of the ground potential defectelectrons excess of 166.3 KeV ballistic voltage that is the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 KeV is connected.On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 7, the pole of the positive hole­orbital masses withthe polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the poleof the accelerating voltage of 50 kV, 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), connected , At the terminal of the inner ringelectrode, the field electrode 8, the pole of the positive hole­orbital Masses with the polarity of the ground potentialdefect electrons excess of 166.3 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage, that the pole of the accelerating voltage of50 keV is 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), connected , On the connection of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 9,the pole of the positive hole­orbital masses with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 kV, 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV),connected , At the terminal of the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 10, the pole of the positive hole­orbitalmasses of 50 KeV (20 or 100 keV), high tension with the polarity of the ground potential defect electrons excess of166.3 KeV ballistic voltage that is the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 KeV is connected. On the connectionof the inner ring electrode, the field electrode 11, the pole of the positive hole­orbital masses with the polarity of theground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage, so the pole of theaccelerating voltage of 50 kV, 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), connected , At the terminal of the inner ring electrode, the

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field electrode 12, the pole of the positive hole­orbital masses with the polarity of the ground potential defectelectrons excess of 166.3 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage, that the pole of the accelerating voltage of 50 keVis 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), connected ,

5.2377) ionization of xenon gas and acceleration in the ion thruster II.In the area of Treibstoftregelventils (drawing no. 6, item 65 ), The fuel gas (drawing no. 6, item 64 ) Ionized by thehigh­frequency fields. Since the pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (20 or 100 keV), with the polarity ofthe ground potential defect electrons surplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage to the fuel control valve(drawing no. 6, item 63 / 70 ) And the other pole of the positive hole­orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV),ballistic with the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV high tension voltage withthe inner ring electrode of the field electrode 1 (drawing no. 5, item 43 ) Is connected.Where a Ionisationsentladung between the fuel control valve and the inner ring electrodes. 1As the positive hole­orbital masses of 50 keV (20 or 100 KeV), is connected with the polarity of the groundpotential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage with the inner ring electrode of thefield electrode 1. Creates an electrostatic acceleration field which goes from the inner ring electrode 1 to the ringelectrodes 12.In this acceleration field polarity changing inner ring electrodes (166.3 keV positive and positive), the highlyaccelerated positive ions fuel received positive defect electric field energy surplus of 3988.8 keV.With 3988.8 keV pulse energy they flow into the fusion drive.

5.24) Abmaßungen of the ceramic body of Fusionsdüse(Drawing no. 6, item 81 and 82 ).

The ceramic body of Fusionsdüse consists of a cylinder internal body (drawing no. 6, item 61 ) With an innerdiameter of 28,88 cm, outside diameter of 34.88 cm, and a length of 30 cm, the wall thickness is 3 cm. The wallthickness of 34.88 cm diameter lid is also 3 cm. 9.625 cm from the left edge of the ceramic body ofFusionsdüsedeckels measured is the center of the pulse accelerator I: 9.625 inches from the right edge of theceramic body of Fusionsdüsedeckels measured is the center of the pulse accelerator II.The diameter of the ion accelerator I and II (drawing no. 6, item 67 and 68 ) Is in each case 11 cm. From themiddle of each engine, with a radius of 3.025 cm located in the ceramic body of the Fusionsdüse a 6.05 cm bymeasuring aperture for the accelerated xenon ions. The mounting flange has an inner diameter of 11 cm and anouter diameter of 19.68 cm and located to both ion accelerator. The mounting flanges of the ion accelerators aresecured with multiple screws on the ceramic body of the Fusionsdüse and to the ion pulse accelerator. Theceramic body of Fusionsdüse is Schröder Buchenweg 20; 25479 Ellerau/[email protected] made.

5.241) sequence in the fusion engine and the two pulsed accelerator of the fusion engine.The xenon flows from the output of the fuel control valve 1, many thin cooling lines to the engine, the fluid controldirectly to the input of the fuel control valve Part 2 (drawing no. 6, item 65 ). The fuel control valve 2 passes onlyneed the fuel amount of xenon. The small amount of xenon flows into the isolated high frequency into heatedcapillary. If there xenon ionized by the high frequency (microwave) and flowing over the annular end of the capillaryto the inner ring electrode of the field electrode 1. The focused electrostatic acceleration field detects the ions, theyaccelerated towards the ring electrode 1 (drawing no. 5, Pos 43 ). The combined electrostatic acceleration field ofthe ring electrode 2 (drawing no. 5, item 44 ) Accelerates the ions to the ring electrode 3 (drawing no. 5, item 45 ).Successively the bundled electrostatic acceleration fields of the ring electrodes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, theions and to accelerate them to detect pulse 3988.8 KeV energy. The negative ions and positive ions come into theFusionstriebwerksdüse with 3988.8 keV pulse energy. The pulsed accelerator and the openings (drawing no. 6,item 81 and 82 ) In the upper part of the Fusionstriebwerksdüse (drawing no. 6, item 71 ) Are arranged so that thetwo high­energy ion beams intersect in the middle of the Fusionstriebwerksdüse itself. In addition, the differentpolarity of the ion beams cast so that they attract each other, promote the fusion reaction and end up in aZerstahlungsprozesse.A great fusion pulse of 79770 keV energy, leaving at high speed, the engine and drives the spaceship.

6.00) The procedure for the transmission of image and audio signals from the energetic crowd afflicted 20 to300 keV high vibrational level of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energy in thefrequency range of 1­450 kHz (or higher frequency).

On the basis of the embodiments 5, according to claim 5, first, a simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system for higher dimensional transmitter and receiver of audio and video signals on the energy­masssubject vibrational level of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energy in the frequencyrange of 1­4000 kHz (or higher frequency) are described. The application of high­frequency modulated two­dimensional electron mass fraught defect electron energy open up new possibilities of the transmission path for thesound and image signal. The new transmission for audio and video signal is the spatial level of the oscillatingmass­prone energy electrons and holes. A remark values characteristic of these ballistic high­frequency two­dimensional electron mass fraught defect electron energy in a vibrating system is that it will bring about a changein the surrounding dimensional space in the region of its vibration support (two­dimensional coil). Thus, near thetwo­dimensional field coils, an energy change in the spatial energy values of the surrounding dimensional space.The surrounding us space is curved due to the dividend are in your Matere and energy structures with a constant

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energy value. This curvature factor depends on the normal geometric structure, and the normal energy density ofthe surrounding space from us (energy and mass density at the sun or a neutron star for comparison). If we changeto a limited region of space, the values of the energy density, prevail in this small section of the room area otherdimensional spatial conditions, this allows us access to the similar parallel Einstein chamber, has a long and Usingit for the transmission of sound and picture signals ,For the transmission of sound and picture signals from the transmitter to the receiver, the energy band of electronorbital masses of the energy­mass subject vibrational level of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensionalelectron is 50 keV (20 to 300 keV) and the defect electron orbital mass of 50 keV (20 to 300 keV) used defectelectron energy.

6.01) utility model structure for the high­frequency two­dimensional electron hole­transmitter in the frequencyrange 1­450 kHz (or higher frequency).

The model of the modulated radiofrequency massenbehaften two­dimensional electron­hole­transmitter in thefrequency bands of 20 keV, 50 keV, 100 keV, 150 keV, 200 keV and 300 keV of energy massenbehaftenvibrational level of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energy consists of the followingparts: Via a (radio frequency transmitter) radio frequency generator (drawing no. 7, item 84 ) Is generated, the highfrequency energy of the carrier wave of 450 kHz (or higher). In the subsequent mixing stage (drawing no. 7, item85 ) Is the radio­frequency signals modulated onto the low­frequency (LF) signal from the video and audio amplifier.The high­frequency carrier wave swing to the rhythm of NF­modulated signals. From there, the modulated signal ina High­frequency power amplifier (drawing no. 7, item 87 . 88 . 89 ) Increased and as the power supply of theprimary coil of the transformer ballistic (drawing no. 7, item 94 ) Is used.

6.0111) utility model building stations in the frequency range of 1­450 kHz.Transformer core for 18 KHz ferrite core to 450 kHz (or higher frequency): (. Drawing No. 1) and ballistictransformer (Drawing No. 7, pos. 94 ). Height of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­Core height Pos 12 ) 160cm length of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­core length Item 7 ) 160 cm core cross­section of the

transformer core (A) 7 x 7 cm = 4900 mm 2

Right and left of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (window height Pos 15 ) 153 cm.Web of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (Pos wide web 13 (7 cm x 7 cm, land length equallength outer core).

Image not availableOver the length of the transformer core at the Pos 3 the core with a mounting bracket with its mounting ispermanently connected.The rectangular primary bobbin and the rectangular secondary bobbin with the thereon in the windings in the U­shaped transformer core column (window height Pos 15 ) Mounted on the U­shaped transformer core column. Special design of the transformer core for 18 kHz to 4000 kHz ferrite core of company KASCHKE KG GMBH &CO. · PO Box 2542 · 37015 Göttingen Germany · Phone +49 (0) 5 51­50 58­6 · Email [email protected] or Wagner + Grimm AG, Werk Strasse 4, PO Box 662, CH­6102 Malters or Tridelta Dortmund, Ostkirchstrasse177; D­44287 Dortmund, Germany; E­mail: [email protected] or a ferrite core for 18 kHz or higher frequency.Components of the glass ceramic ferrite cores from: "glass ceramic powder SiO 2 95% to 10% ferrite and 5% to

90%".These powdered ingredients, glass powder and ferrites are mixed according to predetermined mixing ratio. Then,the hot pressing of the mass. That is, the pulverulent constituents of the glass­ceramic ferrite core are compactedunder high gas pressure, so that a solid homogeneous compound is formed, so that the required glass ceramicferrite core is formed.Made of company Tridelta Hermsdorf / Marie­Curie­Strasse 7 / Hermsdorf or made by Schröder (special glasstechnology) Buchenweg 20; 25479 Ellerau/[email protected]. Height 168 cm; Width 167 cm; Diameter of

the ferrite core 17 cm / core cross­section 22686.5 mm 2 = 226.865 cm 2 high­frequency transformer and itstransformer core is designed to he the power fed to participates in the primer winding and having a lot of space forthe winding space of the secondary coil.

6.0112) For the isolation of the transformer and the high voltage connections one Isolierfüllmasse needed.Epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KG resin + hardener 2 Kg or cast resin TECEPUR 280 for 10 [email protected]­component polyurethane casting resin systemTECE Thews & Clüver GmbH / Osterdeich 64/28203 [email protected], [email protected]) for this transformer core, I need the following rectangular primary bobbin and a rectangularsecondary bobbin: (drawing no. 3).Primary bobbin

rectangular coil body (item 21 ) Core cross section 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cm

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Height of winding layers ( 20 ) 20 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (Pos 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cm6.0114) winding wire for the primary coil.

High voltage cable as a winding wire for the primary coil.High voltage cable, manufactured and supplied by company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH Hans­Schwindt­Str.6/81829 München/[email protected] is used in the ballistic transformer as the secondary winding wire.High voltage cable Part­no / Best. . No. 140470/59 Ohm Km; Operatig voltage Operating voltage U · max 3

KV / diameter = 0.75 .. 0.44 mm 2 = loaded with 3 amps. Or the high voltage wire cross section Cu Sn 0.75

mm 2 / Operating voltage 3 KV 2 · 284 turns or strand of Nessler Electronics / Giselastraße 35 / D 63500Blessed City Tel. (0049) 6182­1886 FAX 0 (0049) 0 6182­3703. .. used.

Image not available10 m or 25 m ring or PTFE high voltage cables (Germany) telemeter Electrinic GmbH, [email protected]

Type Selection:AWG­No. 10 / director: Number of single wires × AWG no. (Wire ∅ in mm) 37 × 26 (0.40); Diameter 2.8

mm; Cross­section of 4.7 mm 2; Shielding no; Outer diameter 7.8 mm; Isolation size 10.0; Insulated wire;max. Max continuous operating voltage 22 KVAC. 49.5 KVDC; Dielectric test voltage in 20.8 VACRMS;Article no. 14/118 used.6.01141) for the power supply of the primary coil of the transformer 2DES I use a modulated radio frequencytransmitter.

Via a (radio frequency transmitter) radio frequency generator (drawing no. 7, item 84 ) Is generated, the highfrequency energy of the carrier wave of 450 kHz (or higher). In the subsequent mixing stage (drawing no. 7, item85 ) Is the high frequency signals the low­frequency (LF) signal from the picture and Tonver modulated stronger.The high­frequency carrier wave vibrate to the rhythm of NF­modulated signals. From there, the modulated signalin a High­frequency power amplifier (drawing no. 7, item 87 . 88 . 89 ) Increased and as the power supply of theprimary coil of the transformer ballistic (drawing no. 7, item 94 ) Is used. Or a high frequency generator HÜTTINGER electronics GmbH + Co. KG assumes the function of the RFtransmitter. High­frequency generator 50­450 kHz (4000 kHz). High Frequency Transformer for feeding the primary of the transformer 2DES: AXIO RF generator 10/450 T Ratio of the output transformer 1: 1; Maximum output voltage 1500 V Product HÜTTINGER electronics, GmbH + Co. KG, Elsässerstrasse 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany,[email protected], www.huettinger.com or other high­frequency generator HÜTTINGER electronics, GmbH+ Co. KG (Trumpf AG) for the power supply the primary coil of the transformer 2DES:RF generators of Hüttiger / Stocking AG Image not availableImage not available

6.0115) for this transformer I need the following rectangular secondary bobbin:

Rectangular bobbin (drawing no. 2, item 21 ) Core cross section 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers (drawing no. 2, item 20 ) = Diameter of 80 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (drawing no. 2, item 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cmManufactured by Weisser bobbin GmbH & Co. KG, HeidenheimStreet 26/73450 Neresheim/[email protected]) Structure of the secondary coil of the high­frequency transformer (drawing no. 7, item 84 )

When winding wire for the secondary coil (drawing no. 7, item 95 ) I use the high­voltage cable from the companyLemo ­ Elektronik GmbH / Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 Munich [email protected]. For higher operating voltages of thetwo­dimensional line high voltage Special cable required by the manufacturer of the special high­voltage cablewww.hivolt.de. www.hivolt.de offers on request special high voltage cables up to 100 KV, 200 KV to 300 KV andup to.High voltage cables use as two­dimensional winding wire.

See drawing no. 2, item 16 = Internal conductor; Pos 17 = Insulation between the inner conductor and theouter conductor (shield); Pos 18 = Outer conductor (shield); Pos 19 = (Insulation) outer sheath.Hige voltage cable high voltage cable company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH / Hans­Schwindt­Str. Delivered6/81829 München/[email protected]

High voltage cable:Order no. 201340 / conductor resistance of 55.9 Ω / km / insulation resistance milliohms 1,000 / km /Operating voltage 50 KV (1­50 KV ballistic capacitor voltage) / test voltage 75 kV / inner conductor fromPhosphor bronze / building 7 × 0.26 = 0.76 mm ∅ / surrounded by an insulation of PE rt 2.88 mm ∅ /

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enveloped by an inner sheath of PVC rt 5.2 mm ∅ /, surrounded by a shield Cu bl 5.48 mm ∅ / surroundedby an outer sheath PVC rt 7.28 mm ∅ insulation of the winding to winding of the outer sheath 36 kV orhigher for rollover protection of individual turns of the secondary coil is set ∅ the outer sheath of PVC to14.56 mm.

(Internal cross­section 3 mm 2, supports up to about 3 A)Insulating strength per layer at least 10 KV

As a two­dimensional coil wire so the secondary coil of the transformer 2DES special flexible shielded high voltagecable can be 10 to 500 KV used.

6.0117) www.hivolt.de The feeding of the high DC voltage on the shield and the inner conductor of thepower cable and the connections I used used as two­dimensional coil to the two­dimensional consumers thehigh voltage connectors and high voltage bushings to 100 KV from the manufacturer and company FuGElektronik GmbH, Florian Straße 2, 83024 Rosenheim.6.0143) DC high voltage power supply for the two­dimensional secondary coil layers a and b (drawing no. 7,item 95 ) (Ie, the shield and the inner conductor of the power cable) I use a network device [28] F. u. G.Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email:. Info@fug­elektronik.de with the followingdata: For 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supplies ofF. and G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.deFor 20 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supplyType: High­voltage power supply HCL / 350­20000, 0­20000 volt / current 0­15 mAType: High­voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA currentFor 50 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supplyType: High­voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mAFor 100 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supplyType: High Voltage Power Supplies HCN / 1400­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­12 mAType: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­15 mAFor 150 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supplyType: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­200000; 0­200000 V; 0­12 mA6.0145) High frequency output voltage on the secondary coil (drawing no. 7, item 95 ) Of the high frequencytransformer (drawing no. 7, item 94 ) At: At 1800 turns 63 KV output voltage of the two­dimensionalsecondary coil of the transformer 2DES.6.0146) properties of two­dimensional electron­hole­voltages:

Due to the nature of electrical energy supplied to the primary coil, it creates a certain corresponding magneticinduction in the two­dimensional ballistic secondary coil (drawing no. 7, item 93 ) (20 keV energy bands or 50 keVor 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV the secondary coil) of the transformer (drawing no. 7, item 94 ), Thetwo­dimensional electron­hole energy thus produced has the following mass­prone voltage:

a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or300 keV with the polarity of the ground potential electron deficiency of 50 KeV ballistic high tension voltageand pole of the negative electron orbital measure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or300 keV with the polarity of the ground potential electron excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keVwith the polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltageand pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 20 KeV or 50 KeV and 100 KeV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keVwith the polarity of the ground potential defect electrons excess of 50 KeV highly strained ballistic voltage.6,015) Basic parameter values of the two­dimensional Elektrone­hole­vibration system.

The two­dimensional electron system is based on the electron orbital displacement of electrons from the valenceband to the conduction layer b to the wiring layer a. This is accomplished by applying a high electrostatic DCvoltage of 20 to 500 KV to the wiring layer B and causing conduction layer a.

6,016) shift factor of the electrostatic DC voltage in the ballistic conduction parts or coil parts a and bdetermines the mass of electrons and holes orbitals in this two­dimensional Leitung­ or coil systems.

Depending on:a) binding energy of electrons in the atomic shellThe amount of energy you have to spend to infinity to remove all of the electrons of the atom far from the nucleusof each other and are referred to as binding energy. It is smaller in all excited states than in the ground state. Asyou state, without interaction, in which all electrons at infinity rest that assigns zero energy, the energyeigenvalues of the bound states agree in magnitude with the binding energy in the respective state match. Thebinding energies are positive and are between 13.6 eV for the hydrogen atom and the order of 100 keV for theheavy atoms. The binding energy E B refers to the Fermi energy E F or the chemical potential of the solid. The

work function Φ 0 describes the energy difference between the Fermi energy (body energy atomic nucleus) and

vacuum level and is a characteristic, material and surface specific size The underlying idea was to determine theenergy distribution of occupied electronic states N (E B) by the photoemission excitation in to convert a distribution

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of photoelectrons I (E kin) with corresponding kinetic energy, the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons can then be

measured by means of suitable magnetic or electrostatic analyzers. So a photoemission spectrum contains theproduct of electronic density of states N (E) and Fermi distribution f (E, T) describes the temperature­dependentoccupation of the states.One of the most important examples of the effects of a strong electron­electron interaction is the Kondo effect inmetals, which manifests itself as a characteristic minimum in the (in depth) Temperature dependence of theelectrical resistance. Its cause is the electrostatic­magnetic coupling of the f­conduction electrons to the atom, isalso the reason for the occurrence of so­called heavy­fermion systems. Their thermodynamic properties can beobtained by electron­like quasiparticles with an unusually large effective mass of one up to 1000 times the mass ofa free electron describe. The emission spectra of such highly correlated system are very complicated. To describethe many­body effects are required, the so­called spectral function, which takes the place of the density of statesN (E) of the one­electron image. In the systems discussed here, the strong interaction between conductionelectrons and magnetic induction leads (moments) to the fact that close to the spectral function of the f electrons ­for cerium (Atom) above ­ the Fermi energy shows a sharp, very intense structure is called the Kondo resonance.Due to the high electrostatic voltage on the two­dimensional line evoked extreme electrostatic­magnetic coupling ofthe conduction electrons on the atom for that described semiconductor physics Kondo effect. The conductionelectrons get virtually given a higher mass thanks to this coupling of the atoms of the ballistic conduction layer, itcreates a congener heavy­fermion systems.

6.0161) The carrier offset by 20 kV or 50 kV or 100 kV or 150 kV capacitor of the applied voltage to theballistic conduction layer or ballistic coil layer (a and b) arises the orbital mass defect of the electron and theelectrons.

The orbital mass of the electron and the electron defect caused by the separate to the Leitungsschichen byisolating a and b are fitting high electrostatic voltage. There is a charge carrier displacement of the conductive layerb for a line layer, which is expressed as a dividend in exploiting Obitalespannungspotential electron and the hole­up. By this Obitalespannungspotential the electron and the hole­automatically get pointed to a higher mass thanwhen they are in the ground state. This is the interaction with the atomic nuclei of the ballistic conduction layer.

6.0162) increase in mass of the electron and holes at applied electric field strengths at the two­dimensionalconducting layers a and b.

The particular state of the 2DES­line is described.It is generated by applying a large electric field strengths of about 1 to 1000 kV / cm at the ballistic­dimensionalline. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage to the electrostatic 2DES line, ie on the wiring layer band a. These electron orbital displacement of the electrons b to the wiring layer a, leaves in the valence band ofthe wiring layer b an unoccupied state with a positive charge formed by a quasi­particles, called defect electron orhole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­ke is from the valence band of the wiring layer described , Theelectrons and the holes are accelerated by an acceleration ground level to the level of the negative and positivevoltage potential by acting on the two­dimensional line very high positive and negative voltage potentials. Thisacceleration is manifested as corresponding increase in mass of the electron and the electron holes, each orbitalmass.In "geregtes GaAs: evidence for effects of Blochoszillation in a natural semiconductor Dissertation for the DoctoralDegree in Natural Sciences (... Dr. rer nat) Faculty of Natural Sciences II ­ Physics University of Regensburgpresented by Raymond Franz Summer of Waldsassen June 27, 2002 "The following descriptions are included, theincrease in mass of the electrons by an applied electrostatic high voltage. This same fact is also from the physicsof particle accelerators known.

6.0164) transitions opening caused by the oscillating electron and positive hole masses in the highfrequency vibration systems of the electron­positive hole energy.

The following voltages are available at the two­dimensional secondary coil of the transformer are available:a) pole of the negative electron orbital masses of 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300) keV), with the polarity ofthe ground potential electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negativeelectron orbital masses of 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300) keV), with the polarity of the ground potentialelectron surplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300 KeV), with the polarity of theground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage and pole of thepositive hole­orbital mass 50 keV (50, 100, 150 , 200, 300 KeV), with the polarity of the ground potentialdefect electrons surplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage.c) the end of the oscillation process.

The effects of the gravitational­magnetic fields in a two­dimensional ballistic electron­hole­energy coil system.The high­frequency magnetic induction forces induce in the dual ballistic two­dimensional secondary coil of thetransformer, a direction Alternating movement of electrons and holes pairs. The high­frequency magnetic inductionforces accelerate the electrons in the secondary coil part a and simultaneously accelerate the defect electrons inthe secondary coil part b. The flow direction of the charge carriers pairs goes to the same direction. This reactionsequence is equivalent to the formation of a voltage potential with the character of negative electrons and positive

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electron holes (Löcherteilchen). The accumulated at a voltage potential electrons and holes radiate at their polaritypoint mass potential electron surplus and the ground potential defect electron excess in common field quanta of theproceeds to the other polarity point mass potential electron deficiency and the ground potential defect electrondeficiency. Both particle streams together form a joint force field of negative and positive particle flows, in otherwords a massive zero field with zero field voltage potentials.

d) The resulting gravitational and magnetic fields, which can be referred to as pulse mass­encumberedNullpolfeldenergie. Have high concentration of this energy and high vibration frequency, a special feature ofthe pulse­like compact quantum.

The flowing water on the two­dimensional high­frequency coil orbital electron and hole currents cause by highground potential of the highly strained ballistic voltage, short­term change in the region of space around the two­dimensional coil.For a short time, a higher concentration of mass is established, the consequence is that the curvature of the spacesurrounding area is extremely varied in the coil, which leads to the opening of an energy similar spatial region withthe vibration and mass values of the high frequency electron and defect orbital currents ( pairs) matches.A remark no consequence resulting from the system parameter values of the oscillating masses in the ballistictransformer system is. So close to the ballistic field coils is a change in the spatial value of the surroundingdimensional space.Our multi­dimensional space is curved due to the dividend are in your Matere and energy structures with a constantvalue.This curvature factor depends on the normal geometric structure, and the normal energetic density of thesurrounding space from us.Are we in a limited space system to change the values of the energy structure, governed by its own dimensionalspatial conditions in this small section of the room area.

e) If we change these values artificially a, so we need to get access to the Einstein­like space parallel. Nodelay of the radio signals over long distances, because the level of vibration of the mass­prone 20 to 150KeV orbitals of the electrons and the electron holes is used.f) application of these effects for the transmission of radio or sound signals.

Thus, the ballistic secondary coil supplies the Abstrahlantennen the transmitter with energy.The vibrating at a high frequency high­strung electrons and holes Orbitalemassen, generated by the interactionprocesses in the high­frequency coil system of ballistic generator. A small spatially independent spatial dimension,defined by the values of the applied electrostatic voltage and ground of the two­coil system, a and b differs fromthe normal space itself. So we the normal space similar spatial dimension, generated by the interaction processesin the ballistic two­dimensional high­frequency transmitter coils or receiving coils. This fact allows many interestingapplications in wireless technology, such as wireless transmission of sound and picture signals from a spacecraftor satellite to the earth.

6.02) Structure of the high­frequency ballistic ballistic electron­hole­receiver (drawing no. 8) for the areas of20, 50, 100,150, 200, 300 keV energy bands in the frequency range of 1­2000 kHz. Receiver of sound andimage signals via the energetically mass subject vibrational level of the high frequency carrier modulatedballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy ".

At the moment we are human beings, due to the current state of the art not able to accommodate radio signalswith greater speed of light to receiving the application. By using the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energyin the high frequency range open up a new transmission path for the transmission of image and sound signalsapply.A remark no consequence resulting from the system parameter values of the ballistic high­frequency vibrationsystem, is a change in the region of vibrational energy. Near the ballistic field coils a change in the spatial values of the surrounding dimensional space occurs. Our Einstein space is curved due to the dividend are in your Matereand energy structures with a constant value. This curvature factor depends on the normal geometric structure, andthe normal energy density of the surrounding space from us. If we change in a limited space system, the values ofthe energy structure, prevail in this small section of the room area to another dimensional spatial conditions, thisallows us to access the similar parallel Einstein chamber, has long and him for the transmission and reception ofsignals, etc .. .. to use. The vibrating at a high frequency high­strung electrons and holes generated by theinteraction processes in the high­frequency coil system of ballistic generator, a small spatially independent spatialdimension, which is different from the normal space.

6,021) utility model structure for the high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­receiver (drawing no. 8) inthe frequency range of 20 keV, 50 keV, 100 keV and 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV energy bands in thefrequency range 1­450 kHz and higher frequencies.

The model of the modulated radiofrequency massenbehaften two­dimensional electron­hole­receiver in thefrequency bands of 20 keV, 50 keV, 100 keV and 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV energy Massenbehaftenvibrational level of the modulated high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­energy consists of the followingparts:

6.022), the high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­receiver is composed of the following parts, basic

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structure (Picture 8).:a) A broadcast receiver for the frequency range 30­300 kHz, wavelength 10­1 km, name longwave (LW) andfor the frequency range of 300­1500 kHz, wavelength 1000­200 m, Name medium wave (MW) and for thefrequency range 1500­3000 kHz, wavelength 200­100 m, name Grenzwellen or for the frequency range 3­30MHz, wavelength 100­10 m, Name Short Wave (HF) (HF ­ high frequencies) and for the frequency range 30­300 MHz, wavelength 10­1 m, Name ultra­short wave (FM) (VHF ­ very high frequencies) and for thefrequency range 300­3000 MHz, 1000­100 mm wavelength, description dm ­ waves (UHF ­ ultra highfrequencies).b) Special structure of the input transformer of the radio receiver

The input coil (drawing no. 8, item 102 ) For feeding power to the antenna consists of a two dimensional coil, thewinding wire of the coil consists of a high­voltage cable with shielding of company LEMO ­ Elektronik GmbH /Hans­Schwindt­Str. 6/81829 München/[email protected] delivered. So a high voltage cable: Order No. 201340 /conductor resistance of 55.9 Ω / km / insulation resistance 1,000 milliohms / km / Operating voltage 50 KV (1­50KV ballistic capacitor voltage) / test voltage 75 kV / inner conductor from Phosphor bronze / building 7 · 0.26 = ∅0.76 mm / enveloped by an insulation of PE rt 2.88 mm ∅ / enveloped by an inner sheath of PVC rt 5.2 mm ∅ /,surrounded by a shield Cu bl 5.48 mm ∅ / surrounded by an outer sheath PVC rt 7.28 mm ∅ insulation of thewinding to winding of the outer sheath 36 kV or higher for rollover protection of individual turns of the coil of the

outer sheath of PVC to 14.56 mm is set ∅. (Internal cross­section 3 mm 2, supports up to about 3 A).For the two­dimensional antenna coil (drawing no. 8, item 102 Lift) in the state of the two­dimensional electronsystem, a high electrostatic DC voltage via a network device of F. u on the inner and outer conductors of the two­dimensional antenna coil. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.decreated.The on the inner conductor and the shield of the two­dimensional antenna coil fitting high electrostatic DC voltageand the oscillator circuit (drawing no. 8, item 99 ) Acting high frequency as the feedback of the feedback coil(drawing no. 8, item 100 ) In the input transformer determines the amount of energy mass subject vibrational levelof 20, 50, 100, 150 keV energy bands of the radio frequency carrier modulated ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy ".

6.023) in the sequence 1­4000 kHz high­frequency two­dimensional electron­hole­receiverAction sequences:

a) The two­dimensional coil (drawing no. 8, item 102 ) Is lifted by the applied electrostatic high DC voltageto the energetically mass vitiated 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV high state of a two­dimensionalelectron­hole­system.b) in the oscillator circuit (drawing no. 8, item 99 ) Acting high frequency and its associated feedback coil(drawing no. 8, item 100 ) In the input transformer (drawing no. 8, item 101 ), Paired with the two­dimensional coil the height of the plane of vibration in the frequency range (1­450 kHz, 2000 kHz or higherfrequency) of the high­frequency carrier modulated ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy ".c) From the powerful ballistic antenna (drawing no. 8, item 103 ) Is the input signal on the two­dimensionalcoil (drawing no. 8, item 102 ) In the input transformer (drawing no. 8, item 101 ) And fed via the magneticinduction as an input signal to the input of the tank circuit (to the oscillator circuit, drawing no. 8, item 99 )Transmitted.d) There will be by vote of the variable capacitor (drawing no. 8, item 99 ) In the input tank circuit, therefore,the oscillator circuit the frequency of the receiver is set to the higher of the appropriate radio frequency.e) From the entrance oscillation circuit (drawing no. 8, item 99 ) Is the high frequency on the connection tothe grid combination of resistor and capacitor (1 MOhm / 100 pF) to the lattice of 2 high frequency tubemode (Pentode, drawing no. 8, item 98 ) Transmitted. Here, at the grid occurs first, the rectification of thehigh frequency, for the other grating, the high frequency is simultaneously fed. That is, the grid is therectified low frequency with a superimposed high frequency. Thus, the pipe emphasizes both high frequencyand low frequency. Now flows via the anode, the amplified high frequency and amplified to the lowfrequency feedback coil, is there to the input circuit (oscillator circuit, drawing no. 8, item 99 ) Is fed backvia the input transformer. This feedback leads who compensated for the de­attenuation of the input circuitof, ie the loss of the input circuit (oscillator circuit). The undamping that causes the input circuit is verynarrow. Of the feedback coil now flows flowing the amplified high­frequency and low­frequency enhanced.After the feedback coil is followed by a filtering device, which is intended to prevent the outflow of highfrequency toward low frequency. The following 220 ohm resistor sets the load resistor for low frequency.This means that at this point, through a coupling capacitor (drawing no. 8, item 105 ), The first low­frequency amplifier stage are connected. The following screen member 1 uF / 47 kOhm block off the powersupply. (Drawing no. 8, item 97 ) Is the positive terminal of the supply voltage (drawing no. 8, item 106 )Connection of the supply voltage for the heating of high frequency tube mode (Pentode, drawing no. 8, item98 ) And (drawing no. 8, item 107 ) Is the connection to ground.f) The application of the two­dimensional electron­hole­energy in the high frequency energy open up newpossibilities of the transmission path. A remark no consequence resulting from the system parameter values

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of the ballistic high­frequency vibration system, is a change in the region of vibrational energy. Near theballistic field coils a change in the spatial values of the surrounding dimensional space occurs. Our Einsteinspace is curved due to the dividend are in your Matere and energy structures with a constant value. Thiscurvature factor depends on the normal geometric structure, and the normal energetic density of thesurrounding space from us. If we change in a limited space system, the values of the energy structure,prevail in this small section of the room area to another dimensional spatial conditions, this allows us toaccess the similar parallel Einstein chamber, has long and him for the transmission and reception of signals,etc .. .. to use.

The vibrating high­frequency high­tension electrons and holes (positive hole), generated by the interactionprocesses in the coil system of the high frequency ballistic generator, a small spatially independent spatialdimension resulting from the normal space by the values of the applied electrostatic voltage to the dual coilsystem, a and b differs. So we created the normal space similar spatial dimension, through the interactionprocesses in the high­frequency transmitter coils or ballistic ballistic receiver coils (two­dimensional coil inputtransformer).

7.00) The procedure for the application of the broad­brimmed photon model of a laser in the frequency range1­2000 kHz of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems in the energy of the pulsedirect current, alternating current, high frequency, simple inventive design of the ballistic electron­hole­powersystem of Embodiments 6 and patent claim 6.

Short description:The broadband photon model of a laser (drawing no. 9).Preparation and structure of the laser rod (laser or coil)7.1) for the production of special metal doped with a 2 meter long, 55 mm outside diameter and 5 mm innerdiameter having cylinder internal Nd: YAG crystal to be applied different manufacturing processes.a) laser crystal of yttrium aluminum garnet YAG Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12 is when growing YAG cruciblesare made of the high melting ends in iridium, starting materials are in the right proportions of alumina(Al2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and optionally a dopant such as neodymium oxide (Nd2O3 ). The crucible isin a thermal insulation compound made of ceramic and is inductively heated. The melting temperature ofYAG is about 1950 ° C. The picture shows a Nd: YAG crystal with about 0.9% Nd content. It has a totallength of about 2 m, an outer diameter of 55 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm.b) In a particular thick­walled pipe CaF2 single crystal of 2 m in length and an outer diameter of 55 mm andan inner diameter of 5 mm. Following the procedure of Schott ML GmbH, Göschwitzer Str. 20, D­07745Jena made.c) In a special metal uranium doped glass crystal of 2 m in length and an outer diameter of 55 mm and aninner diameter of 5 mm.

Manufacturing processThe liquid laser mixture can be drawn directly on various objects in the oven: to tubes, plates, fibers and rods,which must have the same diameter. Tubes are made by pulling a cylindrical mass of semi­liquid glass andsimultaneously sends through the center of the cylinder air flow.Hollow glass is manufactured in several process by pressing, blowing, sucking, and combinations of thesetechniquesProcessing Image not available

c) SiO 2 ­ production tubes and laser tubes of other alloy composition.

Published patent DE 101 58 521 A1 is the process for preparing a partial region or completely glazed shaped SiO 2body, on an amorphous green body is sintered and vitrified by non­contact heating by means of a radiation, andthereby contamination of the SiO 2 ­Formkörpers is avoided with impurities, characterized in that that is used as

the radiation beam of a laser is known.The report of the German Society for crystal growth and crystal growth DGKK annual meeting in Erlangen, 20th­22nd March 2000, the method of the optical characterization, design, construction and testing of a crystal growingequipment for the industrial production of CaF2 crystals for DUV lithography cultivation and characterization of Nd1+ XBA2 ­ known xCu3Oy mixed crystals from the melt solution.

7.2) on the surface of the laser rod (drawing no. 9, pos 115 ). (Laser or coil) is a metal trump, in the form ofa copper braid (drawing no. 9, pos 117 ). over the entire length of the laser rod (laser or coil) wound severaltimes.

On this surface, an insulating plastic (drawing no. 9, pos 114 ). applied and the ends respectively connected to aninsulated cable.In the Inner (drawing no. 9, pos 121 ) Of the specific metal­doped 2­meter­long cylinder internal Nd: YAG crystallaser rod (or CaF2 single crystal tube) is inserted a flexible copper cable and pulled up the other end.The ends of the flexible copper cable are provided with an in the heart of the laser rod (laser or coil) reaching intoisolation.Terminals of the laser rod (drawing no. 9, pos 112 / 113 ) With two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system inPulsed DC or AC field momentum range or high­frequency pulse area:

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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The end b (drawing no. 9, pos 113 ) Of the flexible copper cable will be connected to the pole of the negativeelectron orbital masses of 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300) keV) connected to the polarity of the ground potentialelectron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic high tension voltage. The end of a (drawing no. 9, pos 112 ) Of the flexible copper cable will be connected to the pole of the negativeelectron orbital masses of 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300) keV), connected to the polarity of the ground potentialelectron surplus of 166.3 keV highly strained ballistic voltage. The end b (drawing no. 9, pos 111 ) Of the flexible copper braid on the surface of the laser rod (or laser coil) will beconnected to the pole of the positive hole­orbital mass of 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300 KeV), high tension withthe polarity of the ground potential defect electron deficiency of 166.3 keV ballistic voltage. The end of a (drawing no. 9, pos 110 ) Of the flexible copper braid on the surface of the laser rod (or laser coil) willbe connected to the pole of the positive hole­orbital mass 50 keV (50, 100, 150, 200, 300 KeV), high tension withthe polarity of the ground potential defect electrons surplus of 166.3 keV ballistic voltage. At the end b of the laser rod (laser or coil), a 100% reflective laser mirror (drawing no. 9, 113a) is mounted 1­100kHz frequency range. At the end of a laser rod (laser or coil), a 50% reflective laser mirror (drawing no. 9, pos 118 ) Mounted 1­100 kHzin the frequency domain.Behind this halbdurchlässingen laser mirror is an annular coupling­in (drawing no. 9, pos 119 ), The laser light intothe optical fiber cable (drawing no. 9, pos 120 ) Transmits

7.3) flow in the laser tube or CaF2 single crystal tube.In the laser photons can produce up to 1 eV photon energy of 0.5 MeV in a ballistic laser systems. The laser isbuilt on the principle of the ballistic two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system and is supplied by it in thefrequency range of the pulse direct current or alternating current or high­frequency energy.

7.4) action flow model of a broad­brimmed photons according to claim 5.Two­dimensional electron­hole­energy system in the frequency range of the pulse direct current or alternatingcurrent or high­frequency energy powers the surface of the laser rod (drawing no. 9, pos 115 ). and the core of theinner cylinder of the laser (drawing no. 9, pos 121 ) With energy.A high pumping voltage raises the electrons and the electron holes at a high voltage level. Changing directioncauses the high­frequency electron­hole­energy, short­time of the crash are in dividend in the high voltage levelelectrons and electron holes causes the photon pulses are thereby induced in the laser rod. The Potonen oscillatein the laser rod between both laser mirror back and forth to reach the semi­permeable laser mirrors the transitionsthreshold and are fed into the optical fiber cable. From there they go over the optical fiber cable to the focusingoptics and machine the workpiece.Scope:Chip manufacturing electronics (prerequisite for mass production of semiconductor devices using photolithographicmethod (mask technique) is used, etc.

8.00) The procedure for the application of the two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energysystems in a transformer, in the area of the superconductor in the frequency range 1­2000 kHz pulse ofdirect current, the alternating current and the high frequency

The method for the application of two­dimensional electron­electron holes (holes) energy systems in a transformer,in the area of the superconductor in the frequency range 1­2000 kHz pulse of direct current, the alternating currentand the high frequency. Simple inventive embodiment of the ballistic electron­hole­energy system according toembodiments 7 and claim 1 and 7. FIG.The two­dimensional field­electron defect electron energy system for application of the superconductor; consists ofthe following system parameters:

8.01) Structure of the prototypeElectric transformer whose secondary winding on Primäre­ and ­273 ° C to ­ ° C is cooled (depending on the kind ofthe superconductor and insulation) and is maintained at this temperature. The primary coil is made feinadrigem RFcable.The structure of the transformer core, it is made of a ceramic ferrite core with a different ferrite, and a speciallymade superconducting coil body. The coil wire consists of two superconductor (Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (Bi­2212) or

of (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 (Bi­2223) separated from each other by a high isolation from quartz ceramics are.

The structure of the secondary coil, the connecting lines of the secondary coil and the secondary coil is connectedto the consumer, they consist of a specially constructed superconductor. They consist of a silver­coresuperconductor or a Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (Bi­2212) or a (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 (Bi­2223) of from thick

insulation (glass ceramic or quartz) or grade of a low­temperature plastic is surrounded, and above that is ametallic shell (of a superconductor shield) and is on his turn insulation. Between the silver­superconductor core andthe metal cladding is at a constant high electrical DC voltage.For activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the superconductor pair, thus the secondary winding, a highDC voltage to the terminals of the two­dimensional line halves a (superconductor polarity is negative, drawing no.11, pos 135 ) And b (superconductor positive polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 136 ) Connected; (The superconductoris from [Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (Bi­2212) or of (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 (Bi­2223) or from the material TT TT

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Page 88: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

https://www.google.com/patents/DE102006024610A1?cl=en&dq=tesla+coil+spacecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6tH2VOXKE8SzoQTb­4FI&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA 88/94

gold BSCCO manufactured 53359 Rhine river) for this DC power supply I use a power supply units of F. and G.Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr HTS WIRES of Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr 16... 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email:info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mAcurrent and 50 keV electron energy I use the type: high voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40mA.The metallic envelope and the silver core superconductor acting as carriers for the electron and hole­currents ofdifferent frequencies (Pulsed DC, AC and high frequency).The superconductor is cooled by a cooling device to the required temperature of the superconductor and keeps thewhole system to that temperature.

8.02), the cooling device for the superconductor transformer and the two­dimensional superconductor coil.A cooling device for the two­dimensional superconducting coil (drawing no. 11, pos 138 ) And the transformerconsists of two separate electric cryopumps, and a third cryopump.At the same time, the operation of effective cooling is reliable in isolation (eg, drawing no. 11, pos 137 ), Which aremade by isolation even separate cryopumps.The cryopump 1 supply of high pressure, the superconducting carrier tube 1 (negative polarity, drawing no. 11, pos135 ) With the ligand is located superconductor, the liquid refrigerant flows at high pressure through thesuperconductor support tubes 1 of the two­dimensional ballistic coil.The end of the superconducting tubes (drawing no. 11, pos 124 ), Where the connection to the superconductorcable carrier is, the cryogenic fluid flows into the cryobath.The cryopump 2 supply high pressure, the superconducting carrier pipe 2 (positive polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 136) With the ligand is located superconductor, the liquid refrigerant flows at high pressure through the superconductorsupport tubes 2 of the two­dimensional ballistic coil.The end of the superconducting tubes (drawing no. 11, pos 134 ), Where the connection to the superconductorcable carrier is, the cryogenic fluid flows into the cryobath.The superconductor support tubes (drawing no. 11, pos 124 and 134 ) Are of a high voltage insulationTieftemperaturtauglieschen (drawing no. 11, pos 125 and 133 ) Surrounded, above which is a shielding madePreferably a copper braid (drawing no. 11, pos 126 and 132 ), Which is wrapped over the entire length, with acopper tape (drawing no. 11, pos 123 and 131 ). In addition, there is a low temperature suitable insulation (drawingno. 11, pos 122 and 130 ), And it is a thermal insulation (drawing no. 11, pos 121 and 129 ).The cryopumps 3 supply with an interior of Kryobades in which the superconducting transformer is on insulatingsupports, with liquid refrigerant with low, particularly preferably cryogenic temperature of example, 4 to 77 KThe transformer is on of low temperature insulating supports, on this recording devices and various supportmember are mounted, which again is the many cable, water inlet and outlet coolant hoses leading to thetransformer. In a container made of steel with a very thick inner coating of fiberglass­reinforced plastic houses thecryobath. The cryobath is filled during operation of the transformer with the liquid refrigerant Preferably thetemperature of 4 to 77 K and also cools the transformer.The entire cooling system ensures the cooling of the superconductor, the transformer also occur under shockloading.

8.03) using the HTS superconductorReport on high­temperature superconductors by Dr. Matthias Hein, Dr. Beate Lehndorff, Department of Physics,Institute for Materials Science for a line or transformer coil. HTS high­temperature superconductors, according topress reports and information from Internet Trithor GmbH · Heisenbergstr. 16 · 53359 Rhine river,www.trithor.com/www.synflex.com. Use of the superconductor HTS as two­dimensional winding wire in thesecondary coil.

8.04) Electric transformer is kept whose Primäre­, secondary winding and the transformer core to thetemperature of ­273 ° C.

Transformer core for 18 KHz ferrite core to 450 kHz (drawing no. 1) Image not availableHeight of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­Core height Pos 12 ) 160 cmLength of the transformer core (ferrite) (U­core length Item 7 ) 160 cm

Core cross­section of the transformer core (A) 7 x 7 cm = 4900 mm 2

Right and left the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (window height Pos 15 ) 153 cm.Web of the U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite) (Pos wide web 13 (7 cm x 7 cm, 160 cm · landlength equal length outer core).

Over the length of the transformer core at the Pos 3 the core with a mounting bracket with its mounting ispermanently connected.The rectangular primary bobbin and the rectangular secondary bobbin with the thereon in the windings in the U­shaped transformer core column (window height Pos 15 ) Mounted on the U­shaped transformer core column. Special design of the transformer core for 18 kHz to 450 kHz ferrite core of company KASCHKE KG GMBH &CO. · PO Box 2542 · 37015 Göttingen Germany · Phone +49 (0) 5 51­50 58­6 · Fax +49 (0) 51­65 75 5 6 · [email protected] or Wagner + Grimm AG, work Strasse 4, PO Box 662, CH­6102 Malters or Tridelta Dortmund,

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

https://www.google.com/patents/DE102006024610A1?cl=en&dq=tesla+coil+spacecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6tH2VOXKE8SzoQTb­4FI&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA 89/94

Ostkirchstrasse 177; 44287 Dortmund, Germany; E­mail: [email protected]) Structure of the glass­ceramic ferrite core with different ferrite for high frequency applications of two­dimensional transformer.

The powder metallurgical production of materials for high frequency applications of two­dimensional transformer.The powdered ingredients (glass powder and ferrites according to preset mixing ratio mix) then hot­isostaticpressing. (The molded body is once heated electrically to the required temperature and at the same through thenozzle of the molding hot gases under pressure blown) The pulverulent constituents of the ceramic ferrite iscompacted in a closed and under vacuum capsule at the same time under high isostatic gas pressure, so that asolid homogeneous bond is formed, which gives the required glass ceramic ferrite core. Ferrite or ceramic ferrite core with different poets diameter 17 cm or a ferrite core made of firm Tridelta Hermsdorf /Marie­Curie­Strasse 7 / Hermsdorf / E­mail for 18 kHz: weichferrite@tridelta­hermsdorf.de or 300 kHz or 500 kHzor 700 kHz or 1200 kHz or 2000 kHz or 4000 kHz or 10 MHz = 10,000 kHz, ceramic ferrite cores of glass ceramicpowder SiO 2 95% to 10% ferrite and 5% to 90%.

(The powdered ingredients, glass powder and ferrites are mixed according to predetermined mixing ratio. Then, thehot isostatic pressing of the ground. That is the powdered components of the glass­ceramic ferrite core iscompacted in a closed and under vacuum capsule at the same time under high isostatic gas pressure, that a solidhomogeneous bond is formed, so the the required glass ceramic ferrite core is formed) made of holes made bySchröder (special glass technology) Buchenweg 20; 25479 Ellerau/[email protected].

8.05) For the isolation of the transformer and the high voltage connections one Isolierfüllmasse needed.Isolierfüllmasse

Epoxy laminating system EPL 285 / EPH 275 / Quantity: 5 KG resin + hardener 2 Kg or cast resin TECEPUR 280 for 10 [email protected]­component polyurethane casting resin systemTECE Thews & Clüver GmbH / Osterdeich 64/28203 [email protected] [email protected]) for this transformer core, I need the following rectangular primary bobbin

Primary bobbin of glass ceramics or low temperature resistant plastic.Drawing no. 3Primary bobbinIt consists of a low­temperature grade insulation (PTFE / PFA, etc.).

rectangular coil body (item 21 ) Kernquerschitt 7 x 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers ( 20 ) 20 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (Pos 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cm8.07) winding wire for the primary coil.

High voltage cable as a winding wire for the primary coil.High voltage cable, manufactured and supplied by company Lemo ­ Elektronik GmbH Hans­Schwindt­Str.6/81829 München/[email protected] is used in the ballistic transformer primary winding wire.High voltage cable Part­no / Best. . No. 140470/59 Ohm Km; Operatig voltage Operating voltage U · max 3

KV / diameter = 0.75 .. 0.44 mm 2 = loaded with 3 amps.

High voltage wire cross section Cu Sn 0.75 mm 2 / Operating voltage 3 KV 2 · 284 turns or strand ofNessler Electronics / Giselastraße 35 / D 63500 Blessed City Tel. (0049) 6182­1886 FAX 0 (0049) 0 6182­3703 ... used.

Image not available10 m or 25 m ringPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 25 KHz primary winding 10.2 turnsand 2 · 6 mm²98.03 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 20 KHz primary winding 12.2 turnsand 2 · 6 mm²78.74 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 15 KHz primary winding 29.4 turnsand 2 · 6 sq mm, 34.01 volts per turnPower range: 0­120 A at 0 to 1000 Volt supply on the primary winding 10 KHz primary winding 19.6 turnsand 2 · 6 sq mm, 51.02 volts per turnWhen primary power by MAGPULS Quickwap generator on the primary coil, system data for 20 KHz / 1000volts and 100 A pulse current 28.3 turns = 35.26 volts per turn.

The large U­shaped transformer core is ceramic support body in a large thick­walled empty stable Kryobecken. The

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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wound with the winding wire above said primary coil by means of a crane placed on top left column of the U­shaped transformer core and connected to the terminals of the pulse generator.

8.08) power to the primary coil I use the pulse generator "MAGPULS Quickwap generator", product ofMAGPULS Power Systems GmbH / In the Box 19 / D­76547 Sinzheim / E­Mail: magpuls­@t­online.de/www .magpuls.com

Power supply to the primary coilPower input 400/230 V AC, 50/60 HzMains fuse 3 × 100 A sluggishOutput voltage 0­1000 V DC or pulsedOutput current 0­50 A DC or pulsed 0­500APulse frequency DC, 0.05 Hz­33 kHz free adjustability of the pulse timesArc­Level 0­100 AArc­shutdown <1 microsecondsCooling Water CoolingDesign 19 '' ­ rack equipment installed in a Rittal EMC cabinetDimensions H × W × D 2000 × 600 × 800 mmWeight about 350 kg8.09) for this transformer I need the following rectangular secondary bobbin:

Secondary bobbin of glass ceramics or low temperature resistant plastic (PTFE / PFA, etc.).

rectangular coil body (drawing no. 3) Kernquerschitt 7 × 7 cm (49 cm 2)

Wall thickness of the rectangular bobbin 2.5 cmHeight of winding layers (drawing no. 3, item 20 ) = Diameter of 80 cmBobbin Height with insulation 150 cmWinding length (drawing no. 3, item 23 ) Of the coil body 145 cmManufactured by Weisser bobbin GmbH & Co. KG, HeidenheimStreet 26/73450 Neresheim/[email protected]) superconductor support tubes with jacket of a tiefentemperaturtauglichem plastic, and with internalhigh temperature Supra Leite Raden.

Superconductor support tubes (drawing no. 10 and 11, pos 124 and 134 ) With a sheath of plastictiefentemperaturtauglichem, and with inner high temperature Supra Leite Raden held by streams of liquid helium ornitrogen, to the required temperature of less than 4­77 K. Is used as the two­dimensional winding wire in thesecondary coil of the transformer 2DES.

8:11) Two­dimensional and winding lineSuperconductor carrier medium wall tubes of silver tube (drawing no. 11, pos 124 and 134 , Diameter 1 cm),covered with plastic tieftemperaturtauglichem (drawing no. 11, pos 125 and 133 ) (Wall thickness of the high­voltage insulation 2 cm), this insulation is a copper braid (drawing no. 11, pos 126 and 132 ), That of a thin copperstrip (drawing no. 11, pos 123 and 131 ) Is surrounded, copper strip is over this in turn a tieftemperaturtauglichemplastic insulation (drawing no. 11, pos 122 and 130 ), With a wall thickness of 1 cm), above which is a thermalinsulation (drawing no. 11, pos 121 and 129 ), With a wall thickness of 1 cm). The overall diameter of thesuperconductor carrier tube is 9 cm. In the two equally long superconductor support tubes 1 each or 10 HTSsuperconducting wires (drawing no. 11, pos 135 and 136 ; the case of a temperature of 4.2 K near absolute zeroTrithor­wire has a current of more than 260 amps. The magnetic flux density was then increased to 42 Tesla,which still remained a current of 80 amperes. This is very impressive for a band conductor with a cross section of

only 0.674 mm 2 "of Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr 16; 53359 Rhine river; Germany; www.trithor.com Contact:[email protected], fed (used the material TT ­gold .... TT BSCCO HTS WIRES of Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr.16; 53359 Rhine river).Flow in the cooling device for two­dimensional superconducting coil (drawing no. 11, pos 138 ) With two separateelectrical cryopumps.At the same time, the operation of effective cooling is reliable in isolation (eg, drawing no. 11, pos 137 . 121 and129 ), Which are made by isolation even separate cryopumps.The cryopump 1 supply of high pressure, the superconducting carrier tube 1 (negative polarity, drawing no. 11, pos124 ) With the ligand is located superconductor (drawing no. 11, pos 135 ), The liquid refrigerant flows at highpressure into and through the superconductor support tubes 1 (drawing no. 11, pos 124 ) Of the two­dimensionalballistic coil.The end of the superconducting coil where the transition joint is to support superconductor cable (power cord), thecryogenic fluid flows into the cryobath.The cryopump 2 supply high pressure, the superconducting carrier pipe 2 (positive polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 134) With the ligand is located superconductor (drawing no. 11, pos 136 ), The liquid refrigerant flows at high pressureinto and through the superconductor support tubes 2 (drawing no. 11, pos 134 ) Of the two­dimensional ballisticcoil.The end of the superconducting coil where the transition joint is to support superconductor cable (power cord), the

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cryogenic fluid flows into the cryobath.The superconductor support tubes (drawing no. 11, pos 124 and 134 ) Are of a high voltage insulationTieftemperaturtauglieschen (drawing no. 11, pos 125 and 133 ) Surrounded, above which is a shielding madePreferably a copper braid (drawing no. 11, pos 126 and 132 ), Which is wrapped over the entire length, with acopper tape (drawing no. 11, pos 123 and 131 ). In addition, there is a low temperature suitable insulation (drawingno. 11, pos 122 and 130 ), And it is a thermal insulation (drawing no. 11, pos 121 and 129 ).The two superconductors carrier pipes, their shielding (drawing no. 11, pos 123 . 126 . 131 and 132 ), Has becomeone with insulation (drawing no. 11, pos 128 ) ­coated Connection (Pos 127 ) Together.The cryopumps 3 supply with an interior of Kryobades in which the superconducting transformer is on insulatingsupports, with liquid refrigerant with low, particularly preferably cryogenic temperature of example, 4 to 77 KThe two superconductors support tubes are bundled together with tieftemperaturtauglichem plastic cable ties topairs and formed by a tube bender to a coil. Consisting of the different items secondary bobbin is internallymounted in the superconducting coil made.The U­shaped core transformer with the primary coil stands on its ceramic support body in a large basin emptyinga refrigeration system.Together with the help of a crane, the superconducting coil is placed on the right column de U­shaped. After theprimary coil and the secondary coil mounted on the U­shaped transformer core column wide web Pos is the web ofthe U­shaped transformer core column (ferrite, 13 , 7 cm x 7 cm, 160 cm ·; Land length equal length outer core, itis mounted on the ends of the U­shaped transformer core column and all connecting cables and power cables, aswell as supply cooling lines installed and connected. Then the cryogenic fluid is introduced into the cooling systemand the various auxiliary units of the superconducting transformer to a 1% actuated control measurements andslowly increased the power under constant control measurements.

8.12) Activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the superconducting pair.For activation of the two­dimensional electron state of the superconductor pair, thus the secondary winding, a highDC voltage to the terminals of the two­dimensional line halves a (superconductor polarity is negative, drawing no.11, pos 135 ) And b (superconductor positive polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 136 ) Connected to the coil wire, for thisDC power supply I use a power supply units of F. u. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­Email: info@fug­elektronik.de with the following data: For 20 keV electron energy I use the type: For 20 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supply Type: High­voltage power supply HCL / 350­20000, 0­20000 volt / current 0­15 mA Type: High­voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / 0­200 mA current For 50 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supply Type: High­voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mA For 100 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supply Type: High Voltage Power Supplies HCN / 1400­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­12 mA Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­15 mA For 150 keV electron energy I use the high voltage power supply Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­200000; 0­200000 V; 0­12 mAThe same DC power supply is used for the ballistic coil, for the connecting line.

8.13) DC voltage supply of the coil halves A and B of the ballistic coil or wire or coil wire halves.DC supply to the coil halves a and b of ballistic coil or cable or wire winding halves a and b u by networkdevices of F.. G. Elektronik GmbH, Florianstr. 2, D­83024 Rosenheim ­ Email: info@fug­elektronik.deType: High­voltage power supply HCL / 350­20000, 0­20000 volt / current 0­15 mAType: High­voltage power supply HCN / 4200­20000, 0­20000 V / current 0­200Type: High­voltage power supply HCN / 2800­65000; 0­65 KV; 0­40 mAType: High Voltage Power Supplies HCN / 1400­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­12 mA,Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­100000; 0­100000 V; 0­15 mA;Type: High Voltage Power Supply HCH / 2800­200000; 0­200000 V; 0­12 mA;8.14) This superconducting cable is used as connecting cable.

This superconductor cable (drawing no. 11) is used as a connection cable for the ballistic and coil winding wire asthe second ballistic two­dimensional field coil. Superconductor support tubes from medium wall silver tube,covered with tieftemperaturtauglichem plastic (wall thickness of the high­voltage insulation 2 cm), this insulation isa copper braid, which is surrounded by a thin copper strip is over this copper strip in turn atieftemperaturtauglichem plastic insulation (with a wall thickness of 1 cm). The overall diameter of thesuperconductor carrier tube is 7 cm. In the two equally long superconducting carrier tubes each of 1 to 10 HTSsuperconducting wires (at a temperature of 4.2 K near absolute zero Trithor wire has worn a current greater than260 amperes. The magnetic flux density was then increased to 42 Tesla, where there are still a current of 80 amps

remained That is very impressive for a band conductor with a cross section of only 0.674 mm 2 ") of Trithor GmbH;Heisenbergstr 16; 53359 Rhine river; Germany; www.trithor.com Contact:.. press @ Trithor com, the fed, the twosuperconductors support tubes are bundled with tieftemperaturtauglichem plastic cable ties to paired

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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8.15) On the basis of the superconducting cable produced two­dimensional coil of measurements are usedto detect the change in the gravitational field of two­dimensional coil.

This superconductor cable (drawing no. 11) is used as a connection cable for the ballistic and coil winding wire asthe second ballistic two­dimensional field coil. Superconductor support tubes from medium wall silver tube,covered with tieftemperaturtauglichem plastic (wall thickness of the high­voltage insulation 2 cm), this insulation isa copper braid that is surrounded by a thin copper strip is over this copper strip in turn a low temperature gradeplastic insulation (with a wall thickness of 1 cm). The overall diameter of the superconductor carrier tube is 7 cm.In the two equally long superconducting carrier tubes each of 1 to 10 HTS superconducting wires (at a temperatureof 4.2 K near absolute zero Trithor wire has worn a current greater than 260 amperes. The magnetic flux densitywas then increased to 42 Tesla, where there are still a current of 80 amps remained That is very impressive for a

band conductor with a cross section of only 0.674 mm 2 ") of Trithor GmbH; Heisenbergstr 16; 53359 Rhine river;Germany; www.trithor.com Contact:.. press @ Trithor com, the fed, the two superconductors support tubes arebundled with tieftemperaturtauglichem plastic cable ties to paired

8.16) Accessories: High voltage connectors and sockets.To make the feeding of the capacitor voltage from the high voltage power supply may be used and high­voltageplug sockets. The feeding of the negative polarity via the HTS superconductors (superconductor negative polarity,drawing no. 11, pos 135 ) In the superconducting carrier tube 1 (negative polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 124 )Connected to the terminal of the socket 1. The feeding of the positive polarity via the HTS superconductors(superconductor positive polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 136 ) In the superconducting carrier pipe 2 (positive polarity,drawing no. 11, pos 134 ) Connected to the terminal of the bushing 2. The so­made connections are sealed withresin Isolierfüllmasse TECE PUR 280 for 10 kV. High voltage connectors HS 21 to max. 20 KV High voltage bushings F 3430 max. 20 KVTo the few of the superconductor support tubes with the HTS superconductor as two­dimensional connection cable(2DES cable) to the consumer (the ballistic coil) and requires up to 100 kV.Single­pole high voltage connectors for 20 to 100 kV, manufactured and supplied by company www.ges­electronic.de or www.hivolt.de of the manufacturer or company FuG Elektronik GmbH, Florian Straße 2, 83024Rosenheim.The superconductor support tube couples with the HTS superconductor is needed as a two­dimensional connectioncable (2DES cable) to the consumer.

8.17) increase in mass of the electron and holes at applied electric field strengths at the two­dimensionalconducting layers a and b.

The particular state of the 2DES­line is described.It is generated by applying a large electric field strengths of about 1 to 1000 kV / cm at the ballistic­dimensionalline. This is accomplished by applying a high DC voltage to the electrostatic 2DES line, ie on the wiring layer band a. These electron orbital displacement of the electrons b to the wiring layer a, leaves in the valence band ofthe wiring layer b an unoccupied state with a positive charge formed by a quasi­particles, called defect electron orhole (hole), with the quasi­momentum kh = ­ke is from the valence band of the wiring layer described , Theelectrons and the holes are accelerated by an acceleration ground level to the level of the negative and positivevoltage potential by acting on the two­dimensional line very high positive and negative voltage potentials. Thisacceleration is manifested as corresponding increase in mass of the electron and the electron holes, each orbitalmass.In "geregtes GaAs: evidence for effects of Blochoszillation in a natural semiconductor Dissertation for the DoctoralDegree in Natural Sciences (... Dr. rer nat) Faculty of Natural Sciences II ­ Physics University of Regensburgpresented by Raymond Franz Summer of Waldsassen June 27, 2002 "The following descriptions are included, theincrease in mass of the electrons by an applied electrostatic high voltage. This same fact is also from the physicsof particle accelerators known.

8.18) properties of two­dimensional electron­hole­voltages:Due to the nature of electrical energy supplied to the primary coil (For pulse input 1000 V, 25 kHz, 10.2 turnsergiebt 98 volts per turn in the induction in the secondary coil) is produced according to a certain magneticinduction in the two­dimensional ballistic secondary coil (Drawing No. . 11, pos 135 and 136 ) (20 keV energybands or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV the secondary coil) of the transformer (drawing no.7, item 94 ), The two­dimensional electron­hole energy thus produced has the following mass­prone voltage:

a) negative pole of the electron orbital masses (superconductor negative polarity, drawing no. 11, pos 135 )Of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity of the ground potentialelectron deficiency of 12.54 keV ballistic high tension voltage and pole of the negative electron orbitalmeasure of 20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity of the groundpotential electron excess of 12.54 keV highly strained ballistic voltage.b) pole of the positive hole­orbital mass (positive polarity superconductor, drawing no. 11, pos 136 ) Of 20keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity of the ground potential defectelectron deficiency of 12.54 keV highly strained ballistic voltage and pole of the positive hole­orbital mass

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3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

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20 keV or 50 keV or 100 keV or 150 keV or 200 keV or 300 keV with the polarity of the ground potentialdefect electrons excess of 12.54 keV highly strained ballistic voltage.8.19) principles of two­dimensional electron­hole­system in a transformer. Zero point energy in the ballistictwo­dimensional field coils.a) viewed from the point of view of the energy system consisting of electrons and holes.

(Zero­point energy in energy supply of DC pulsed power or high­frequency energy)The fact that in a two­dimensional conduction system have the electrons and holes, the common energy andcharacter of the zero­point energy, are obvious from the system parameters. The negative and positive voltagepotential applied to the conductive layers a and b of the two­dimensional line (2DES), determines the zero pointnature of this type of energy. If a coil, which is based on that 2DES principle of magnetic induction suspended,arising voltage potentials with the character of the zero­point energy.

b) The force field of the 2DES field coil has zero­field quantumThe common gravitational­magnetic force field consists of the ballistic potential of 12.54 keV, electron orbitalsnegative and positive defect electron orbitals together.The mass value of the electron and defect electron consists of the rest mass and virtual orbitals accelerationenergy.Together they form the double charge carrier mass, consisting of a negative electron orbital mass and positivemass defect electrons.

8.20) Basic parameters values of the two­dimensional Elektrone­hole­vibration system.The two­dimensional electron system is based on the electron orbital displacement of electrons from the valenceband to the conduction layer b to the wiring layer a. This is accomplished by applying a high electrostatic DCvoltage of 20 to 500 KV to the wiring layer B and causing conduction layer a.

8.21) shift factor of the electrostatic DC voltage in the ballistic conduction parts or coil parts a and bdetermines the mass of electrons and holes orbitals in this two­dimensional Leitung­ or coil systems.

Depending on:a) binding energy of electrons in the atomic shellThe amount of energy you have to spend to infinity to remove all of the electrons of the atom far from the nucleusof each other and are referred to as binding energy. It is smaller in all excited states than in the ground state. Asyou state, without interaction, in which all electrons at infinity rest that assigns zero energy, the energyeigenvalues of the bound states agree in magnitude with the binding energy in the respective state match. Thebinding energies are positive and are between 13.6 eV for the hydrogen atom and the order of 100 keV for theheavy atoms. The binding energy E B refers to the Fermi energy E F or the chemical potential of the solid. The

work function Φ 0 describes the energy difference between the Fermi energy (body energy atomic nucleus) and

vacuum level and is a characteristic, material and surface specific size The underlying idea was to determine theenergy distribution of occupied electronic states N (E B) by the photoemission excitation in to convert a distribution

of photoelectrons I (E kin) with corresponding kinetic energy, the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons can then be

measured by means of suitable magnetic or electrostatic analyzers. So a photoemission spectrum contains theproduct of electronic density of states N (E) and Fermi distribution f (E, T) describes the temperature­dependentoccupation of the states. One of the most important examples of the effects of a strong electron­electroninteraction is the Kondo effect in metals, which manifests itself as a characteristic minimum in the (in depth)Temperature dependence of the electrical resistance. Its cause is the electrostatic­magnetic coupling of the f­conduction electrons to the atom, is also the reason for the occurrence of so­called heavy­fermion systems. Theirthermodynamic properties can be obtained by electron­like quasiparticles with an unusually large effective mass ofone up to 1000 times the mass of a free electron describe. The emission spectra of such highly correlated systemare very complicated. To describe the many­body effects are required, the so­called spectral function, which takesthe place of the density of states N (E) of the one­electron image. In the systems discussed here, the stronginteraction between conduction electrons and magnetic induction leads (moments) to the fact that close to thespectral function of the f electrons ­ for cerium (Atom) above ­ the Fermi energy shows a sharp, very intensestructure is called the Kondo resonance.Due to the high electrostatic voltage on the two­dimensional line evoked extreme electrostatic­magnetic coupling ofthe conduction electrons on the atom for that described semiconductor physics Kondo effect. The conductionelectrons get virtually given a higher mass thanks to this coupling of the atoms of the ballistic conduction layer, itcreates a congener heavy­fermion systems.Of course, this invention is not limited to the embodiments just described. It is possible without departing from thescope of the invention to replace any means by equivalent means.

REFERENCED BY

Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant TitleElectric field energy providing device for e.g. switchgears, has coaxial trunklines in state of high electrostatic potential, and set of electrons that is

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Page 94: Patent DE102006024610A1 - Ballistic Two-dimensional Electron-Defect Electron-Energy System, Has

3/4/2015 Patent DE102006024610A1 ­ Ballistic two­dimensional electron­defect electron­energy system, has ... ­ Google Patents

https://www.google.com/patents/DE102006024610A1?cl=en&dq=tesla+coil+spacecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6tH2VOXKE8SzoQTb­4FI&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA 94/94

DE102012016225A1 Aug 14, 2012 Mar 13, 2014 Jürgen Blum provided in conductive layers, where electrons are accelerated by voltagepotential

US7960715 Apr 22, 2009 Jun 14, 2011

University OfIowaResearchFoundation

Semiconductor heterostructure nanowire devices

US8124518 May 9, 2011 Feb 28, 2012

University OfIowaResearchFoundation

Semiconductor heterostructure nanowire devices

WO2013173731A2 * May 17, 2013 Nov 21, 2013

H20ReclamationTechnologiesLlc

Water reclamation apparatus and method of operation

* Cited by examiner

CLASSIFICATIONS

International Classification H02N11/00

Cooperative Classification H01F36/00, H02N11/002, H01F38/00, H01F30/06

European Classification H02N11/00B, H01F30/06, H01F38/00

LEGAL EVENTS

Date Code Event DescriptionMar 25, 2010 8139 Disposal/non­payment of the annual fee

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