56
PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR Y MIXING D PTH o RINDIANR GION = CE NTRA L POLLU TI ON CONTRO L B OA RD MI NI STRY OF E NV I RONMEN T &- FORESTS e-mail: cpc b@alpha. n ic. in Website: http://cpcb.delh i. n ic.i n July 2002

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Page 1: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTH o RINDIANR GION

= CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT amp- FORESTS

e-mail cpcbalphanicin Website httpcpcbdelhinicin

July 2002

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVE SERIES PROBESBo 2002-2003

SIAllAL DISTRIBUllON OF HOURLY MIXING DEPTH OVER INDIAN REGION

Me1eoro1ogicalpotentialjarAirPollution Study

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment amp Forests Govt of Ind ia)

Parivesh Shawan East Arjun Nager Delhi -110 032

e-f)) (t il cpclgt(UJ(l lph(l nic in Velymiddotil e hll pcpcbde lhi nic in

CPCB 200 Copies 2002

Published By Dr B Sengupta Member Secretary C entral Pollution Con tr ol Board Delh i - 32 Pflntlng Supervision amp Layout P K Mahendru Salish Kumar and Mohd Javed

Printed 81 National Institute of Sc ience Communication (eSIR) Dr K S Kri shnan Marg New Delhi middot 12

~~q ~~UI f1ltiUI ltiRl (11~ mltm ltPT 1I1JOO1)

~ 3iR ltA RJMl

Central Pollution Control Board (A Gov of Indl8 Organlsa1l0n)

Minis try of Environment amp Forests ~ 1lt1 Phone 2204948 3rcltle

DILIP BISWAS Chairman

FOREWORD

An effective air quality management programme essentially needs besides other factors knowledge of the atmospheriC processes to understand as to what happens to a puffs or plume of pollutant from the time it is emitted to the time it is detected at some other location The motion of the air causes a dilution of the pollutant and how much dilution occurs is a function of meteorology or atmospheric conditions The meteorology on all scales in space (ole in producing the air quality that we measure and feel Meteorology is also an essential element to EnvIronmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies required to assess environmental implications of any developmental project

A considerably complicat ing meteorological factor In dispersion of pollutants IS the thermal stratification of the atmosphere including the mixi ng height The inversionstable layer aloft by acting as a fl exib le lid blocks vertical disperSions and limi ts the height of the atmosphere within which mixing of the pollutants takes place This height is normally termeo as MiXing Height which varies wIth respect to space and t ime The hourly data on mi xing height is essential input to the dispersion estimates required for EIA studies However this is seldom measured directly due to high cost

Dr RN Gupta Ex Director India Meteorological Department has wor ked out spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Ind ian region based on the Rad iosonde data (vertical distribution of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures On 11 is request and considering the usefulness of these data Central Pol lution Control Board 1$ bringing out this publication I wish to acknowledge all the eHorts and contribution made rJY Dr Gupta In preparing thiS document

I hope_ thiS would be a useful sel of information to the researchers academicians consultants and all those who are engaged in air quality management Issues particu larly on pollutantmiddotdispersion and cause-consequent environmental impacts

(Dili p Biswas)

Parl esh Shawan C B D -cum-OHice Complex East Arjun Nagar Delhimiddot 11 0032

Grams middotCLEENVIRON Fall (011) 2204948 Telex 031middot66440 peON IN Emiddotmall rcctcpcbemetln

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Director General of Meteorology (DGM) of India Meteorological Department and his office who permitted me to use AS data and hourly surface temperature data for working on spatial distribution of hour ly mixing depth over Indian region I am also thankful to Prof Dili p Biswas Chairman and Or B Sengupta Aember Secretary Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for agree ing to publish this useful information by CPCB The help rendered by Dr Prlshant Gargava Environmental Engineer e peB in bringing tIIeuro repOrl in Its present form IS also acknowledged

Dr R N Gupta B-41 C

Gangatri Enclave Opp Alaknanda Market

New Deihl - 11001 9

CONTENTS

Page No 1 0 Introduction 1 2 0 Concept amp Data 1 30 Methodology 3 4 0 Results amp DIScussion 4

50 list of Figures 8

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 2: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVE SERIES PROBESBo 2002-2003

SIAllAL DISTRIBUllON OF HOURLY MIXING DEPTH OVER INDIAN REGION

Me1eoro1ogicalpotentialjarAirPollution Study

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment amp Forests Govt of Ind ia)

Parivesh Shawan East Arjun Nager Delhi -110 032

e-f)) (t il cpclgt(UJ(l lph(l nic in Velymiddotil e hll pcpcbde lhi nic in

CPCB 200 Copies 2002

Published By Dr B Sengupta Member Secretary C entral Pollution Con tr ol Board Delh i - 32 Pflntlng Supervision amp Layout P K Mahendru Salish Kumar and Mohd Javed

Printed 81 National Institute of Sc ience Communication (eSIR) Dr K S Kri shnan Marg New Delhi middot 12

~~q ~~UI f1ltiUI ltiRl (11~ mltm ltPT 1I1JOO1)

~ 3iR ltA RJMl

Central Pollution Control Board (A Gov of Indl8 Organlsa1l0n)

Minis try of Environment amp Forests ~ 1lt1 Phone 2204948 3rcltle

DILIP BISWAS Chairman

FOREWORD

An effective air quality management programme essentially needs besides other factors knowledge of the atmospheriC processes to understand as to what happens to a puffs or plume of pollutant from the time it is emitted to the time it is detected at some other location The motion of the air causes a dilution of the pollutant and how much dilution occurs is a function of meteorology or atmospheric conditions The meteorology on all scales in space (ole in producing the air quality that we measure and feel Meteorology is also an essential element to EnvIronmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies required to assess environmental implications of any developmental project

A considerably complicat ing meteorological factor In dispersion of pollutants IS the thermal stratification of the atmosphere including the mixi ng height The inversionstable layer aloft by acting as a fl exib le lid blocks vertical disperSions and limi ts the height of the atmosphere within which mixing of the pollutants takes place This height is normally termeo as MiXing Height which varies wIth respect to space and t ime The hourly data on mi xing height is essential input to the dispersion estimates required for EIA studies However this is seldom measured directly due to high cost

Dr RN Gupta Ex Director India Meteorological Department has wor ked out spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Ind ian region based on the Rad iosonde data (vertical distribution of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures On 11 is request and considering the usefulness of these data Central Pol lution Control Board 1$ bringing out this publication I wish to acknowledge all the eHorts and contribution made rJY Dr Gupta In preparing thiS document

I hope_ thiS would be a useful sel of information to the researchers academicians consultants and all those who are engaged in air quality management Issues particu larly on pollutantmiddotdispersion and cause-consequent environmental impacts

(Dili p Biswas)

Parl esh Shawan C B D -cum-OHice Complex East Arjun Nagar Delhimiddot 11 0032

Grams middotCLEENVIRON Fall (011) 2204948 Telex 031middot66440 peON IN Emiddotmall rcctcpcbemetln

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Director General of Meteorology (DGM) of India Meteorological Department and his office who permitted me to use AS data and hourly surface temperature data for working on spatial distribution of hour ly mixing depth over Indian region I am also thankful to Prof Dili p Biswas Chairman and Or B Sengupta Aember Secretary Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for agree ing to publish this useful information by CPCB The help rendered by Dr Prlshant Gargava Environmental Engineer e peB in bringing tIIeuro repOrl in Its present form IS also acknowledged

Dr R N Gupta B-41 C

Gangatri Enclave Opp Alaknanda Market

New Deihl - 11001 9

CONTENTS

Page No 1 0 Introduction 1 2 0 Concept amp Data 1 30 Methodology 3 4 0 Results amp DIScussion 4

50 list of Figures 8

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 3: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

CPCB 200 Copies 2002

Published By Dr B Sengupta Member Secretary C entral Pollution Con tr ol Board Delh i - 32 Pflntlng Supervision amp Layout P K Mahendru Salish Kumar and Mohd Javed

Printed 81 National Institute of Sc ience Communication (eSIR) Dr K S Kri shnan Marg New Delhi middot 12

~~q ~~UI f1ltiUI ltiRl (11~ mltm ltPT 1I1JOO1)

~ 3iR ltA RJMl

Central Pollution Control Board (A Gov of Indl8 Organlsa1l0n)

Minis try of Environment amp Forests ~ 1lt1 Phone 2204948 3rcltle

DILIP BISWAS Chairman

FOREWORD

An effective air quality management programme essentially needs besides other factors knowledge of the atmospheriC processes to understand as to what happens to a puffs or plume of pollutant from the time it is emitted to the time it is detected at some other location The motion of the air causes a dilution of the pollutant and how much dilution occurs is a function of meteorology or atmospheric conditions The meteorology on all scales in space (ole in producing the air quality that we measure and feel Meteorology is also an essential element to EnvIronmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies required to assess environmental implications of any developmental project

A considerably complicat ing meteorological factor In dispersion of pollutants IS the thermal stratification of the atmosphere including the mixi ng height The inversionstable layer aloft by acting as a fl exib le lid blocks vertical disperSions and limi ts the height of the atmosphere within which mixing of the pollutants takes place This height is normally termeo as MiXing Height which varies wIth respect to space and t ime The hourly data on mi xing height is essential input to the dispersion estimates required for EIA studies However this is seldom measured directly due to high cost

Dr RN Gupta Ex Director India Meteorological Department has wor ked out spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Ind ian region based on the Rad iosonde data (vertical distribution of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures On 11 is request and considering the usefulness of these data Central Pol lution Control Board 1$ bringing out this publication I wish to acknowledge all the eHorts and contribution made rJY Dr Gupta In preparing thiS document

I hope_ thiS would be a useful sel of information to the researchers academicians consultants and all those who are engaged in air quality management Issues particu larly on pollutantmiddotdispersion and cause-consequent environmental impacts

(Dili p Biswas)

Parl esh Shawan C B D -cum-OHice Complex East Arjun Nagar Delhimiddot 11 0032

Grams middotCLEENVIRON Fall (011) 2204948 Telex 031middot66440 peON IN Emiddotmall rcctcpcbemetln

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Director General of Meteorology (DGM) of India Meteorological Department and his office who permitted me to use AS data and hourly surface temperature data for working on spatial distribution of hour ly mixing depth over Indian region I am also thankful to Prof Dili p Biswas Chairman and Or B Sengupta Aember Secretary Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for agree ing to publish this useful information by CPCB The help rendered by Dr Prlshant Gargava Environmental Engineer e peB in bringing tIIeuro repOrl in Its present form IS also acknowledged

Dr R N Gupta B-41 C

Gangatri Enclave Opp Alaknanda Market

New Deihl - 11001 9

CONTENTS

Page No 1 0 Introduction 1 2 0 Concept amp Data 1 30 Methodology 3 4 0 Results amp DIScussion 4

50 list of Figures 8

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 4: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

~~q ~~UI f1ltiUI ltiRl (11~ mltm ltPT 1I1JOO1)

~ 3iR ltA RJMl

Central Pollution Control Board (A Gov of Indl8 Organlsa1l0n)

Minis try of Environment amp Forests ~ 1lt1 Phone 2204948 3rcltle

DILIP BISWAS Chairman

FOREWORD

An effective air quality management programme essentially needs besides other factors knowledge of the atmospheriC processes to understand as to what happens to a puffs or plume of pollutant from the time it is emitted to the time it is detected at some other location The motion of the air causes a dilution of the pollutant and how much dilution occurs is a function of meteorology or atmospheric conditions The meteorology on all scales in space (ole in producing the air quality that we measure and feel Meteorology is also an essential element to EnvIronmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies required to assess environmental implications of any developmental project

A considerably complicat ing meteorological factor In dispersion of pollutants IS the thermal stratification of the atmosphere including the mixi ng height The inversionstable layer aloft by acting as a fl exib le lid blocks vertical disperSions and limi ts the height of the atmosphere within which mixing of the pollutants takes place This height is normally termeo as MiXing Height which varies wIth respect to space and t ime The hourly data on mi xing height is essential input to the dispersion estimates required for EIA studies However this is seldom measured directly due to high cost

Dr RN Gupta Ex Director India Meteorological Department has wor ked out spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Ind ian region based on the Rad iosonde data (vertical distribution of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures On 11 is request and considering the usefulness of these data Central Pol lution Control Board 1$ bringing out this publication I wish to acknowledge all the eHorts and contribution made rJY Dr Gupta In preparing thiS document

I hope_ thiS would be a useful sel of information to the researchers academicians consultants and all those who are engaged in air quality management Issues particu larly on pollutantmiddotdispersion and cause-consequent environmental impacts

(Dili p Biswas)

Parl esh Shawan C B D -cum-OHice Complex East Arjun Nagar Delhimiddot 11 0032

Grams middotCLEENVIRON Fall (011) 2204948 Telex 031middot66440 peON IN Emiddotmall rcctcpcbemetln

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Director General of Meteorology (DGM) of India Meteorological Department and his office who permitted me to use AS data and hourly surface temperature data for working on spatial distribution of hour ly mixing depth over Indian region I am also thankful to Prof Dili p Biswas Chairman and Or B Sengupta Aember Secretary Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for agree ing to publish this useful information by CPCB The help rendered by Dr Prlshant Gargava Environmental Engineer e peB in bringing tIIeuro repOrl in Its present form IS also acknowledged

Dr R N Gupta B-41 C

Gangatri Enclave Opp Alaknanda Market

New Deihl - 11001 9

CONTENTS

Page No 1 0 Introduction 1 2 0 Concept amp Data 1 30 Methodology 3 4 0 Results amp DIScussion 4

50 list of Figures 8

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 5: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Director General of Meteorology (DGM) of India Meteorological Department and his office who permitted me to use AS data and hourly surface temperature data for working on spatial distribution of hour ly mixing depth over Indian region I am also thankful to Prof Dili p Biswas Chairman and Or B Sengupta Aember Secretary Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for agree ing to publish this useful information by CPCB The help rendered by Dr Prlshant Gargava Environmental Engineer e peB in bringing tIIeuro repOrl in Its present form IS also acknowledged

Dr R N Gupta B-41 C

Gangatri Enclave Opp Alaknanda Market

New Deihl - 11001 9

CONTENTS

Page No 1 0 Introduction 1 2 0 Concept amp Data 1 30 Methodology 3 4 0 Results amp DIScussion 4

50 list of Figures 8

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 6: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

CONTENTS

Page No 1 0 Introduction 1 2 0 Concept amp Data 1 30 Methodology 3 4 0 Results amp DIScussion 4

50 list of Figures 8

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

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~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

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N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

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LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 7: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

10 INTRODUCTION

Generally the principal types of meteorological data that are available and reliable for use in studies in air pollution potential are surface and upper air observations as commonly made Such observations have been designed and are taken for the main purpose of satisfying weather forecast requirements for general public and for aviation forecast and usually have not been greatly concerned with applications to the problems of air pollution Thus the available data otten require special processing and interpretation in terms of their impact on atmospheric transport and diffusion Sometimes such interpretations are very difficult due to various reasons and we will not go in such details Out of various meteorological parameters which are required In the application of air pollution meteorology the mixing depth (height) is one of the important parameter

The mixing depth at every hour of the day is one of tile important parameters for evaluating the impact of any air polluting industry or power plant etc on Air Environment in and around the project site Environmental protection is of great concern to both society and the Government The proper planning of urbanization and industrialization is a must to avoid environmental degradation The process of the industrial development goes vis-a-vis to the environment imbalance

It becomes essential to carry out Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) of any proposed power plant Industry for various environmental components of the area ie Air Water NoiseLand and Socio-economics etc REIA involves identification prediction and evaluation of impact on the environment due to proposed activity Baseline data is required to be collected during the representative month of one season except for Monsoon season for various environmental components in respect of Air Environment in order to assess the existing environmental status as well as for evaluating the impact of proposed activity around the project site

Meteorology plays a major role in the study of Air Environment in and around the project site So it becomes necessary for us to examine base line data in respect of meteorological parameters and Ambient Air Quality Data which will be also required as the input for Environmental Impact Assessment Mixing depth at every hour at project site is one of such important parameter required as input for such a study

20 CONCEPTS amp DATA

The concept of a mixing layer is based on the principle that when the atmosphere is heated from below (ie at ground level as a consequence of solar heating at the ground) it becomes unstable leading to vertical motions mixing and

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 8: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

consequently a tendency for establishment of a dry ad iabatic lapse rate (in the absence of condensation) in the mixing layer It is recognized that the lapse rate near the ground especially on sunny afternoons is often super - adiabatic but that at equilibrium it becomes more nearly dry adiabatic Thus the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in which vertical mixing is relatively vigorous and in which the lapse rate necessarily is approximately dry adiabatic In the case of a ground based inversion the mixing height is zero but such a value for the atmosphere has no real meaning A logical interpretation of th is situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurring in the ground based layer Assuming that changes in air temperature occur only as a consequence of solar heating at the ground the mixing height at a given time of the day may be readily est imated from the surface temperature at that time together with the vertical profile of temperature at an earlier time Such estimates are valid however only unlillhe time when afternoon temperatures begin to coo rapidly indicating the end of convective activity Thus in fa ir weather situations the mixing height increases during the day in proportion to rising surface temperatures reaches a maximum around the time of maximum surface temperature and later in the afternoon over open country ceases to exist as a surface based inversion forms Over a city the evening mixing layer is more likely to be maintained to heights of roughly a hundred or so meters as the city cools more slowly than the nearby countryside

Mixing heights are seldom measured directly due to high cost involvement and such measurements do not indicate the realistic values So the mixing heights are being worked out by utilizing Radiosonde (RS) data (vertical distribUtion of temperature) together with hourly surface temperatures Hourly surface temperatures need to be recorded continuously by thermograph or by other good sensors India Meteorological Department has 35 of such Observatories (List enclosed middot Annexure A) which take RS flights twice a day ie at 00 GMT and t 2 GMT and 32 stations are recording surface temperatures continuously out of 35 observatories The map showing Radiosonde stations network can be seen at Annexure B We do not have continuous record of surface temperature at Ranchi Si liguri and Gochin It was found that the simultaneous data of Radiosonde and Hourly surface temperature at these 32 observatories were readily available for limited period only ie for the years t990 - 1992

So three years data (1990-1992) of the representative months of nonmiddotm onsoon seasons ie winter summer and post -monsoon have been considered for working out hourly mixing depth at all 32 RS Stations 00 GMT RS data and hourly surface temperature data have been used for working out hourly mixing depth based on techniques as suggested by Holzworth (1971) Ludwig (1970) and Raman amp Kelkar (1972) In view of the complex structure of the real atmosphere these definitions of mixing depth will be recognised as approximations particularly applicable in climatological and Air Pollution studies

2

[

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 9: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

30 METHODOLOGY

The early morning ie 00 Z Radio Sonde data and hourly suriace temperatu res have been utilized for computation of hourly mixing depths duri ng day time Normally the radio-sonde stations for studying vertical profile of temperatures are situated outside the urban area The calculations of mixing depths are made in pressu re coordinates and then converted to heights (m) with the hydrostatic equation and Gas law

We know from Gas laws and hydrostatic equation

pV = Rd T (for dry air)

p i p = Rd T

1 I p = Rd T i p (Gas Law) (1 )

dp = bull g pdz (hydrostatic equation)

dz = bull dp I g p (2)

From (1) and (2) we get

dz = bull (Rd T I g) dp I p

The height of the mixing depth means that there is an inversion layer or isothermal layer or a stable layer at the top of this layer Let us consider the suriace pressure is Po and p be the pressure at height h (mixing depth) at which the dry adiabatic lapse rate from the surface temperature intersects the morning sounding

~ f dz = (Rd T I g) f dp l P cent

= (Rd T I g) 10 (p I Po)

= (R T I g) 10 (Po I p)

Where T is the mean temperature of the atmosphere between pressure P o and PI - In the above discussion the atmosphere has been considered to be dry When the atmosphere contains moisture which is generally the case virtual temperature correction is required to be applied instead of actual dry bulb temperature in the mixing depth computations It has been seen that that the virtual temperature correction leads to only insignificant change in mixing height calculations Therefore virtual temperature corrections have not been applied in this report while computing the mixing depth

3

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 10: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

So the above methodology has been adopted for determining the mixing depth at every hour for the period when the atmosphere is likely to be unstable or neutral Likewise hourly mixing depths for every day of the representative months of winter summer and post-monsoon seasons by utilizing 00 Z RS and hourly suriace temperature data monitored during the year 1990 - 1992 have been worked out with the help of software developed for this purpose Subsequently hourly mean mixing depths for those hours when the atmosphere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic tor each season separately have been worked out Similar computations are made for all 32 RS stations For every hour and for each season hourly mixing depth have been plotted separately and isolines are drawn So these maps provide uS most likely spati al distribution of hourly mixing depths during all three nonshymonsoon seasons over Indian region

40 RESULTS amp DISCUSSION

Hourly mean mixing depths have not been worked out for Monsoon period d$

air pollution IS not much problematic during ra iny days due to washout effect Figure 1 depicts spat ial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth during i h hour ot winter season over Indian region This gives the mean value of hourly miXing depth at 7 th hour of winter season which is quite relevant for working o ut g1 c values at any of the receptors points Hourly me an mixing depths have been worked out only when the atmosph ere is likely to be adiabatic or super adiabatic The hourly mixing depth values during sub-adiabatic conditions will

bull indicate highly unrealistic values and do not carry any meaning and a logical interpretation of thiS Situation is that relatively vigorous vertical mixing is not occurnng in the ground based layer Similarly figures 234567 89 10 11 and 12 indicate spatial distribution of hourlv mean mixing depths during 8th 9th 1h 18th

10th 11 th

12th 13 141h1 5 1Sth 17th 1lt hours respectively 01 winter season over Indian reg ion It is quite clear that hourly mean mixing depths at a pOint are increasing in concurrence with the rising suriace temperature and then starts decreasing with the decrease of surface temperatures It IS also seen that hourly mean mixing depths al a particular point of time follows the temperature pattern over the region

The hourly mean mixing depth so obtained from figures 1-1 2 at any Site having flat terrain and at any pOint of lime during winter season is a very good approximation to real values So it works as a very good advisory which will Indicate spatial variation of mixing depth values as well as its vanation with time

While figures 1314151617181920212223242526 and 27 indicale 6 th 71h 81h 9 th spatial vanation of hour~ mean mixing depth during 5th

10th

13 th 14th 16th 17 th 1Sth11h 12h 15 and 19th hours respectively during summer season over Indian region Similarly figures 18193031313334 3536373839 and 40 Indicate spatial variation of hourlv mean mixmQ depth during i h Sth gh 10th 11 th 1ih 13th 14th 15th lSh 171h 18th and 19th hours respectively dUring post monsoon season over Indian region

4

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 11: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

REFRENCES

1 Holzworth GC ~Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in the contiguous United States ~ Proc Second International Clean Air Congress 1971 pp 1076middot1080

2 Ludwig FL Determination of Mixing Depths for use with synoptic Model Proc Symp On Multiple - Source Urban Diffusion Models 1970 pp 5middot33 shy5middot35

3 Raman CRV and Kelkar RR Urban Air Pollution Potential Over Bombay India derived from mixing depths and mean layer wind Proc Of Conference on Urban Environment amp Second Conference on Bio~meteorology

sponsored by American Met Society amp Co-sponsored by American Institute of Medical Climatology 1972 pp 303middot309

5

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 12: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

1 Annexure A

PARTICU LARS OF RADIO-SONDE STATIONS

S NO STATION IND EX NO ALTITUDE LATIT UDE LONGIT UDE ( m ) Oeg Min Deg Min

I Aga nala 42724 16 23 53 91 15

2 Ahm edabad 4264 7 55 23 04 72 38

J Amini 433 1 4 II 07 72 44

4 Aurangabad 4304 581 19 53 75 20

5 Bangalo rc 4)295 921 12 58 77 35

6 Bhopa 42667 523 2J 17 77 7 Bhubneshwar 429 7 46 20 15 85 50

8 Bombay 43003 I I 18 54 72 49

9 Ca1cuna 42809 6 22 39 88 27

10 Cochin 43353 3 09 53 76 14

II Dibrugarh 42 3 4 III 27 29 95 01

12 Gauhati 42410 54 26 06 91 35

13 Goa 43 192 60 15 29 73 49

14 Gorakhpur 42379 78 26 45 R3 22

15 Gwaior 42361 207 26 14 78 15

16 Hyderabad 4312~ 545 17 27 78 28

17 Jagclalpur 4304 1 553 1lt) 05 82 02

18 Jodhpur 42339 220 26 18 J3 01

19 Karaikal 43346 6 10 55 79 50

20 Lucknow 42369 121 26 52 80 56

21 Machilipat nam 43 185 3 16 t I 81 03

22 Madras 43279 16 J 0 80 IS

23 Mangaore 43285 22 12 52 51

6

-------------------------------------------------- ~ I

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 13: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

2 Minicoy 43369 2 08 18 7300

25 Nagpur 42867 JJ 21 06 79 03

26 New De ihl 42 182 216 28 )5 n 12

27 PaHa la 42 10 1 251 )0 20 76 28

28 Pa tna 42492 5) 25 37 85 10

29 Pendra 42779 625 22 46 81 54

)0 Port Blair 4))) ) 79 II 40 92 4]

) I Ranchi 42700 655 232J 85 20

)2 Sllgun 42397 114 26 40 88 22

)) S rinagar 42027 1527 34 05 74 50

) 4 TrivlOdrum 43371 64 08 29 76 57

35 Vishaklapatnam 4 3150 3 17 4 3 83 14

7

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 14: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

LIST OF FIGURES

fig No Page No 1 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter) 10 2 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11 3 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter) 12 4 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13 5 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14 6 Spatial diSl ribulion 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1200 1ST (Winter) 15 7 Spalial distribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1300 1ST (Winler) 16 B Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 400 1S T (Winter) 17 9 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Winler) 18 10 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19 11 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Winler) 20 12 Spatial dislribulion of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21 13 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 22 14 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23 15 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1S T (Pre-Monsoon) 24 16 Spat ial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 25 17 Spatial distr ibution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26 18 Spatial distribulion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27 t9 Spatial distribut ion of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre Monsoon) 2B 20 Spatial diSlribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al f200 1ST (PremiddotMonsoon) 29 21 Spatial dis1ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre -Monsoon) 30 22 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 31 23 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Premiddot Monsoon) 32 24 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 33 25 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST Prf (~10nsoon) 34 26 Spatial distribution of hourty mixing deplh (M) at 1800 tST (Pr IJlo(lsoon) 35 27 Spalial distr ibution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 1900 1ST (Pr Monsoon) 36 28 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37 29 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 38 30 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39 31 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 40 32 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 4f 33 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42 34 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43 35 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) a t 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 44 36 Spatial distr ibution ot hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Postmiddot Monsoon) 45 37 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46 38 Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 0700 1ST (Posi -Monsoon) 47 39 Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48 40 Spalial distribution of hourly mixing deplh (M) at 0700 1ST (Posi-Monsoon) 49

8

I l

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 15: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

Annexure-B

-SRN ~

~~~

bull 1 AGD

I

- _

1shy MNd ~

j

1 shy

bullltlll

s

bull bull bull pound

bull

H - -~

I

N

bull II ~

middotn

I 1

N

MAP SHOWING middot

RADIOSONDE STA nONS

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 16: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

sa

~ Ibull (shy

r

t H I middot

I-t-middot - If

I f ~

LtJ C

~p

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Winter)

10

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 17: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull

o

[ I

- shy

I C

4J

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 0800 1ST (Winter) 11

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 18: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

---shy-

shyAGO

_ ~f--~ r - + bull

0lt

o

bull bull

C -+-

H

1 -I

I

N F - shy

A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Winter 12

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 19: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

aO

Spatial distribution of hourly nixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Winter) 13

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 20: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

~~ - I A lt Jc H

III J shy

T 1- shy u - - I

l r I

N n-

MNC

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Winter) 14

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 21: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull I t q

HI bull I

N bull d lt c r

+ 1- l--- fI -1 - - J bull I bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) a t 1200 1ST (Winter) 15

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 22: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull HI

bullbull AN bull C I_

t ~ I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 1300 IST (Winter) 16

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 23: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

i

bull I

HI bullbull l I

I N Abull i J C -

~ - -I

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Winter) 17

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 24: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

- bull

SRN -

lt bulleao middot I

I -

( IN

500

H

-

~

c --

oz

bull A

shy

bull

Spatial d istribution of hourly mixing depth (M) al 1500 1ST (Winter)

18

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 25: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull

- bull

I

c

t I

1

N - 0shy 11shy

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Winter) 19

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 26: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull

~

I

H lt ) I

bullbull ~ bull 1

shyA

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 JST (Winter)

= _

20

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 27: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

f

m

---

r

bullSRN

-bullbull shy pj -shy j T~ bull

H I shy

Ai

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Winter) 21

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 28: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull bull

SRN bull

A H N bull C shy

-+ f t shy -ltshy

I I l ) ~ bull bull

OSmiddot somiddot

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 22

1

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 29: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull

POD

u

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 23

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 30: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

SRN

(

C H L I Ibull

bull f

I II ~1 A I N

J L- - I

1 I

r ~ -~- T

- I l bullbull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 24

=

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 31: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull I HAGO

bull

lt

I bull t

~

H

+ I ~ l T bull - I

Spatial distribution 01 hourly mixing depth (M) at 0800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 25

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 32: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

I

I bull bull 1 C H

-4- I

I

bull bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 26

76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

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76 I

N

A

bull 1shy

bull H

l ~ - I

~ -~

bull t

-~~~~- 700

o

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 27

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 34: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

- GOi

D

7 rbull -

I snN bullbull1 I I bull A lt bull H

N 1_1c -

J ~ -1- l -

I

- I 1)~ bull

bull

0

Spatial dist ribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 28

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 35: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

72 80 u

A

bull C H shyjL

bull - -shy I d I

bull

shy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

29

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 36: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

l A

N bull _C H 1shy-l- ~ ~ ~ f -j

1

shy

Spatial distribution 01 hou rly mixing depth (M) at 1300 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

--~-------------------------------

30

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 37: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

76

I

bull bull N

u ~--

i

bullC H

_I l shy 1shy

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Pre-Monsuon) 31

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 38: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

-I bull GOA

-D

I J

N bull A

J I _~

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 32

1

bull

I

~ tt bull - -SRN

J(gt bull -

_

l

bull ~

rI

C -1-

I bull

- I

0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

bull H _ tl

_ I-

-

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

II _ F -shyH -shyA

shy I bull

Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

Ishy i

tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

shy --~-=shy- 1

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

L ) -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

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N

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 39: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull

I

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_

l

bull ~

rI

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0

76

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Pre-Monsoon)

33

2

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

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Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

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tshy

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

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j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

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I

i

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I 1 lI~t

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

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bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

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j 1~3t~l

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I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 40: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

2

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1700 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 34

-~l

20

~ f

I I A N - I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

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Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

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I 1

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

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I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

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Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

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A

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

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bull

bull bull lt

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-r

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

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y

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 41: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

-~l

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 35

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

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Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

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I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

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N

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Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

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H

-r

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 42: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

- ~ bull bull -It J I I N

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Spatial di~tribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Pre-Monsoon) 36

H

t_

c

L ~

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

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i

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I 1 lI~t

N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

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1 bull

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N

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Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

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H

-r

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

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C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

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I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 43: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

H

t_

c

L ~

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0700 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 37

~~

i

D

I 1

-L---cf Tshy

j bull 1f

r N A _ ~U

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

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bull

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H

-r

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N

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

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C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

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I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 44: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

~~

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D

I 1

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth eM) at 0800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 38

l

i

I

I I

n

I~ ~ - 0 -

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

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Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

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I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 45: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

i

I

I I

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I~ ~ - 0 -

- l II ~ - r Nbull I- _f _ _ r -

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 0900 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 39

bull ~ A

H 1 N

c 1shyJ J shy n f - -

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

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1 bull

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N

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Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

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bull

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H

-r

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

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C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

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j 1~3t~l

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

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bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 46: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull ~ A

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1000 IST (Post-Monsoon) 40

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

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bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

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1 bull

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Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

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bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

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Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

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bull

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Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

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r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 47: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull H N C r 1shy bull+ I ~ -

1bull ~ shy 11Ult1f -It

bull

c

so

bullf bull A

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1100 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 41

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 48: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bullI jI

HI 1 - If ~ ~ - N

_~_- ~ JJj l-LJ- ~ II shy -

]i_~~~l

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1200 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 42

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 49: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

t

I

bull

I

i

somiddot bull bullbull

I 1 lI~t

N

- tlt H

- I H A Po

I ~

bull -

(-- lr middotN lH lt

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M)at 1300 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 43

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 50: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull

bull c H

L

bull bull __ F

1 bull

~ - J ~~~

N

N A

1shy

Spa tial distribution of hourly mi xi ng depth (M) at 1400 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

44

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 51: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

uu

r bullGOA

bull BHP

bullKRI

I

bull

bull N c _ -1 L

L7-~TRV -= 1 ~F~4~=~~~~~H~1

A

L

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1500 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

45

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 52: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

bull -

I I

Y bull A- N 1 - L-

I I

D

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1600 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 46

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 53: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

I bull t ~~

~ bull 1~ Y

~ r bull bull bull I bull

bull

bull bull lt

H

-r

- J I

N

Po

shy tI 1_

__Vmiddotmiddot-gt

Spatial distr ibution of hourly mixing depth (M ) at 1700 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

47

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 54: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

n II

N A

bull

C H -pound I_ t bull -+ ~

I - t-

j 1~3t~l

r tbIbull u yen - - - bull

bull

I

(

I

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1800 1ST (Post-Monsoon) 48

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

Page 55: PAT DI TRIBUTION OF HOUR YMIXING DPTHcpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned reports/PROBES-98.pdf · 2014-12-10 · Thus, the mixing height is defined as the top of the surtace- based layer in

H J-

bull shy

H bullHD N

y

bull

Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth (M) at 1900 1ST (Post-Monsoon)

49

bull

--- - shy

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bull

--- - shy