Past Tenses and Aspects Translation in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets1

Nopparat Chansopha

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate patterns of past tenses and aspects

translation in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The major and distinguished theory brought and applied in the study is Functional Typological Grammar by Talmy Givn. It was found that there are three main patterns of past tenses and aspects translation in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets: 1) context interpretation 2) morpheme usage and 3) phrases. The most used patterns respectively put in line from greatest to least are context interpretation, morpheme usage, and phrases. In context interpretation pattern, it was discovered that some of grammatical characteristics, semantic features, pragmatic context, and discourse analysis applied to past tenses and aspects translation. Referring to morpheme usage in the translation, there are 2 groups: singular and double morphemes to be used to indicate Thai past tenses and aspects translation. Lastly, phrases used and found in this research are noun phrases.

Keywords: Translation, Past Tenses, Aspects

(Functional Typological Grammar) Talmy Givn 3 1) 2) 3) 2 : _____________________________________________ 1 , 2556

(2542) Nida Taber (1974: 484) Tytler (1978) ( Theory of Sense) (Transcodage) (source language) (target language)

1) (loan-word)

2) It is a piece of cake.

3) wish pray

4)

5) (tense) (aspect) They went to school yesterday

3 (past simple tense) (subject) + (preterit) (affixes) He washed his car himself. wash (stem) -ed (suffix) (past Verb) He went to the movie. (Inflection) ( 2542:7; 2548; 2553) /

(Joanne Rowling) 397 (The deathly hollow 3, 2550) 1999 British Book Awards (Nibbies) Nestle Smarties Book Prize 1998 9-11 FCBG 1999 Scottish Arts Council Children Book Award 1999 North East Book Award North East Scotland Book Award 1999 School Library Journal 1999 Booklist Editors choice 1999 12 -18 3 .. 2544 .. 2544

(Source Language) (Target Language) (Past Tense)

(Aspect) (verb auxiliary verb)

1. 1.1 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets J.K. Rowling Arthur Levine Books .. 1999 341 1.2 6 .. 2543 408 2. 2.1 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets J.K. Rowling Arthur Levine Books

2.2

: Harry looked nothing like the rest of the family. (p.9) : (.14)

:

(Subject + past verb)

: Harry Potter met the Dark Lord for a second time,... (p.17) : ... (.28)

:

(Subject + past verb)

: Harry had no time to reply. (p.126) : (.206)

:

(Subject + past verb) 2.3 3.

3.1 (Functional Typological Grammar) Talmy Givn (1990) (context) (cross-linguistics) (grammaticalization) (overlapping) 1) 2) (cognitive linguistics) 3) (syntax) 4)

5) Talmy Givn (modality) Givn tense is fundamentally a pragmaticrather than propositional semantic (tense) (reference time) (event time)

Givn 3 1 1 (Past)

She watched the whale. 2 (Future)

She will watch the whale. 3 (Present)

She is watching the whale. 4 (Habitual)

She always watches the whales. 3

Givn Event- time

Past present future

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

speech-time reference-time

Givn 3 Perfectivity: perfective vs. imperfective Sequentiality : perfective vs. perfect Immediacy : remote vs. vivid

3.2

(past simple tense) (past continuous tense) (past perfect tense) (past perfect continuous tense)

: Everything Harry had learned last year (p.74) : ... (.15)

:

: A jet silver light hit Malfoy in the stomach (p.144) : (.234)

:

: Harry, Ron, Hermione, Fred, Gorge and Ginny got

a compartment to themselves. (p.250) :

(.407) :

4 (past simple tense) (past continuous tense) (past perfect tense) (past perfect continuous tense)

1) 1,042

866 83.10 175 16.79

1 0.11

1,042 100

1

1.1

1 : I booked the pitch for today!. (p.85) : (.137)

2 : He went to bed before anyone else in his dormitory that night. (p.179) : (.290)

1.2

1 29.14

2 28.57 3 20.58 4 12.57

5 8.00 6 1.14

100

2 1.2.1

3 : He disappeared after leaving the school. (p.242) : (.394)

1.2.2

4 : I told you,(p.24) : ... (.40)

1.2.3

5 : Harry took it. (p.21) : (.35)

1.2.4

6 : Harry Potter met the Dark Lord for a second time,... (p.17) : ... (.28)

1.2.5

7 : Harry knew by sight. (p.73) : (.119)

1.2.6

8 : Harry realized too late. (p.98) : (.158)

1.3

9 : Harry had no time to reply. (p.126)

: (.206)

2) 134 3

97 72.38 36 26.87

1 0.75

134 100

3

2.1

10 : Thats who he was writing to all last summer. (p.250) : (.20)

2.2 2 2.2.1

1 47.22

2 30.55 3 8.35 4 2.77

88.89

4 2.2.1.1

11 : A week later, Harry, Ron and Hermione were walking across the Entrance Hall. (p.141)

: (.230)

2.2.1.2

12 : They were still watching them, (p.54) : (.88)

2.2.1.3

13 : Harry was getting very good at it. (p.250) : (.407)

2.2.1.4

14 : I wasnt paying attention. (p.118) : (.192)

2.2.2 ... ...

1 ... 8.34 2 ... 2.77

11.11

5 2.2.2.1 ... ...

15 : Aunt Petunias masterpiece of a pudding, the mountain of cream and sugared violets, was floating up near the ceiling. (p.20)

: (.33)

2.2.2.2

16 : ...Harry, whose inside were aching with hunger, (p.22) : ... (.37)

2.3 ... ...

17 : What were you doing Percy? (p.212) : (.334)

3) 234 2

169 72.22 65 27.88 234 100

6 3.1 72.25

18 : Harrys parents had died in Voldemorts attack, (p.10) : (.19)

3.2 2 3.2.1

1 27.76 2 26.15 3 16.92

4 10.76 5 1.53

83.12

7 3.2.1.1

19 : his friends had forgotten him... (p.19) : ... ... (.32)

3.2.1.2

20 : And then, exactly a year ago, Hogwarts had written to Harry. (p.9)

: (.15)

3.2.1.3

21 : ...Christmas had been cancelled. (p.64) : ... (.105)

3.2.1.4 Givn past habitual activity used to

22 : Harry had heard their rumours (p.27) : ... (.11)

3.2.1.5

23 : He had spent 10 years with the Dursleys, (p.9) : (.15)

3.2.2 ... ... ... ... ...

1 6.15

2 ... 3.07 3 ... 3.07 4 ... 1.53

5 ... 1.53 6 ... 1.53

16.88

8 3.2.2.1

24 : He had said the wrong things. (p.172) : (.35)

3.2.2.2 ...

25 : Harry had been to several Hogwarts feasts, (p.249) : (.124)

3.2.2.3 ...

26 : Harry, Ron and Hermione had always known that (p.185)

: ... (.15)

3.2.2.4 ...

27 : Hed got one over on Malfoy. (p.249) : (.124)

3.2.2.5 ... ...

28 : the letter the owl had deliver. (p.21) : ... ... (.35)

3.2.2.6 ...

...

29 : as though someone had died. (p.21) : ...... (.35)

4)

12

30 : Harry knew instantly that this was what had been watching him out of the garden hedge that morning. (p.15)

: (.24)

1.

- - - - (Tepkanjana, 1986) (1988) Talmy Givn (1990) perfectivity perfective (Comrie, 1976)

4 perfect of result, experiential perfect, perfect of persistent situation perfect of recent past . (2545) (2552) (1972) Schmidt (1992) (2546) (2548) (Andersen 1989, 1993; Andersen and Shirai 1994; Andersen and Shirai 1996) Talmy Givn (1990) / (Dahl, 1985; Kanchanawan 1978; Scovel 1970 Chiraporn, 1988) perfectivity imperfectivity Talmy Givn (1990) (Comrie, 1985) perfective imperfective 2 1) 2) (2553)

2.

(2545) (Sriouthai, 2006) Talmy Givn (tense) (reference time) (event time) time of speech absolute tense Talmy Givn /

3. (2545)

/ Talmy Givn (1990) 3 Givn perfectivity (passive voice) (2526) (Prasithrathsint, 1988) 3 1) 2) 3) Talmy Givn (1990)

Givn tense is fundamentally a pragmaticrather than propositional semantic

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