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Past Tense Simple
An idea that an action started and finished in a specific moment in the past
eg: I played football yesterday.
Did I play football yesterday?
I did not play football yesterday.
Present Perfect
An action which started in the past and continuous up till the present
eg: I have been a teacher for 5 years.
We haven't seen Jim since Friday.
How long have you been in this school?
Past Simple vs. Present Perfect
Certain time in the pasteg: I phoned Mary two minutes ago
Certain event in the pasteg: He went to Canada Last summer
Emphasis on actioneg: I bought a new bike. (just telling
what I did in the past)
Just / already / not yeteg: I have just phoned Mary
Whether / how often / till now
eg: Have you ever been to Canada?
Emphasis on resulteg: I have bought a new bike. (With this
sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)