Grades 7-12

Passport TO CULTURE

Teacher’s Resource Guide

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S C H O O L T I M E P E R F O R M A N C E S E R I E S • S C H O O L Y E A R 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 0

Major support for the performances has been provided by PSE&G.

The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Celebration

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Arts Education and You The New Jersey Performing Arts Center (NJPAC) Arts Education Department presents the 13th season of the Verizon Passport to Culture SchoolTime Performance Series.

With Passport to Culture, Verizon and NJPAC open up a world of culture to you and your students, offering the best in live performance from a wide diversity of traditions and disciplines. At NJPAC’s state-of-the-art facility in Newark, with support from Verizon, the SchoolTime Performance Series enriches the lives of New Jersey’s students and teachers by inviting them to see, feel, and hear the joy of artistic expression. The exciting roster of productions features outstanding New Jersey companies as well as performers of national and international renown. Meet-the-artist sessions and NJPAC tours are available to expand the arts adventure.

The Verizon Passport to Culture SchoolTime Performance Series is one of many current arts education offerings at NJPAC. Others include: • Professional Development Workshops that support the use of the arts to enhance classroom curriculum • Arts Academy school residency programs in dance, theater and literature, and Early Learning Through the Arts—the NJ Wolf Trap Program • After-school residencies with United Way agencies

In association with statewide arts organizations, educational institutions, and generous funders, the Arts Education Department sponsors the following arts training programs: • Wachovia Jazz for Teens • The All-State Concerts • The Star-Ledger Scholarship for the Performing Arts • The Jeffery Carollo Music Scholarship • Summer Youth Performance Workshop • Young Artist Institute • NJPAC/New Jersey Youth Theater Summer Musical Program

Students have the opportunity to audition for admission to NJPAC’s arts training programs during NJPAC’s annual Young Artist Talent Search. Detailed information on these programs is available online at njpac.org. Click on Education. The Teacher’s Resource Guide and additional activities and resources for each production in the Verizon Passport to Culture SchoolTime Series are also online. Click on Education, then on Performances. Scroll down to “Download Teacher Guide in Adobe Acrobat PDF format” and select desired guide.

Permission is granted to copy this Teacher’s Resource Guide for classes attending the 2009-2010 Verizon Passport to Culture SchoolTime Performance Series. All other rights reserved.

To Teachers and Parents The resource guide accompanying each performance is designed • to maximize students’ enjoyment and appreciation of the performing arts; • to extend the impact of the performance by providing discussion ideas, activities, and further reading that promote learning across the curriculum; • to promote arts literacy by expanding students’ knowledge of music, dance, and theater; • to illustrate that the arts are a legacy reflecting the traditional values, customs, beliefs, expressions, and reflections of a culture; • to use the arts to teach about the cultures of other people and to celebrate students’ own heritage through self-expression; • to reinforce the New Jersey Department of Education’s Core Curriculum Content Standards in the arts.

CONTENTSOn Stage 3

In the Spotlight 4

Music Talk 5

Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Struggle for Civil Rights

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Before and After Activities 7

Teaching Science Through Music

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Delving Deeper 8

FoundationKid Power!Through energy efficiency and con-servation, kids can help preserve our planet’s rich natural resources and promote a healthy environment.

Tip of the DayThe Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “The time is always right to do the right thing.” Dr. King was referring to the need for unity and peace among all people, but his words can also be applied to the need to protect our planet Earth. Now is the time for everyone to “go green” for the safety and benefit of the environment. There are so many actions you can take. For example, you can help slow global warming by walking, riding your bicycle or taking the bus instead of always going by car. You can also reduce, reuse or recycle all kinds of items—from soda cans to clothes and from plastic bags to newspapers—to save energy and raw materials. Made possible through the generosity of the PSEG Foundation.

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The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Celebration is NJPAC’s annual tribute to the civil rights leader who gave his life so that others could have the freedom, justice and equality guaranteed to them in the Constitution of the United States of America. This commemorative program recalls past intolerance but also seeks to inspire the whole community toward a better future where all people will be judged “not by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”

NJPAC’s 2010 homage to Dr. King features acclaimed singer, songwriter, recording artist and pastor Smokie Norful. With his soulful singing style and contemporary grooves, Norful, a Grammy, Dove and Stellar award-winning artist, is a dynamic force in the gospel music genre.

Among the selections Norful will perform are his career-defining I Need

You Now, a passionate ballad seeking the Lord’s guidance, and the uplifting Celebrate, which praises all that God is. Norful will also present the bluesy Don’t Quit which addresses current affairs such as the down economy, inflation and making ends meet and concludes with the positive advice, “whatever you do, just don’t quit.” He will also perform No One Else, a lively, joyful tribute to God.

Suffused with life, love, belief, and good will, the gospel music offered by Smokie Norful underscores Dr. King’s dream of healing, hope, unity, and peace.

The Arts Center’s 2010 homage to Dr. King also features Rev. Dr. Joseph Echols Lowery. A respected Methodist minister, Dr. Lowery is a civil rights icon who marched with Dr. King to overturn discrimination in voting rights and other aspects of American public life. At both the SchoolTime and

FamilyTime performances, Dr. Lowery will address the legacy, philosophy and accomplishments of Dr. King and their importance for America and Americans.

Passport to culture • The M.L.K. Celebration

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Smokie Norful

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In the Spotlight

Passport to culture • The M.L.K. Celebration

With his musical selections that range from inspiring praise and worship songs to upbeat traditional and urban pop, Smokie Norful is a bright light on the current gospel scene. He is a Grammy, Dove and Stellar award-winner, a Billboard chart-topper and a two-time gold-selling artist.

At age four, Norful was actively singing in his father’s church. By the age of five, he was picking out melodies on the piano, and by the age of 10, he was a featured artist on a custom album assembled by a regional music director. Although music was his enduring passion, Norful opted to study history at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff instead and worked as a history instructor for four years before relocating to Chicago in 1998 in order to earn a Masters of Divinity degree from Garrett Theological Seminary.

While working toward ordination in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Norful took a position as assistant pastor at a church in Chicago. He also contributed a song as well as solo vocals in an album released by the gospel group Thompson Community Singers. Norful’s performances on the album essentially launched his professional singing career. His debut solo album, I Need You Now, was released by EMI Gospel in 2002. EMI Gospel also released Norful’s album Limited in 2003, his Grammy Award-winning

until 1967, Chairman of the Board until February 1977 and as President and CEO until January 15, 1998. In 1965, following the Selma to Montgomery March, Dr. King named Dr. Lowery chairman of the committee that took the demands of the march to then Alabama Governor George Wallace.

Dr. Lowery matriculated at Alabama A&M University, Knoxville College, Payne College and Theological Seminary, and the Chicago Ecumenical Institute. He has received numerous honorary doctorates including doctorates from Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse College and Alabama State University.

Nothing Without You in 2004 and Life Changing in 2006. Tre’Myles Music (Norful’s recording company) and Emi Gospel together released his first live recording, Smokie Norful Live, in 2009.

In addition to songwriting, recording and performing, Norful pastors a two-site congregation in Bollingbrook and Chicago, Illinois. “I’m really just a church kid who loves gospel music, loves God and loves the Word of God,” he states.

Reverend Doctor Joseph E. Lowery (Speaker) has been one of the nation’s strongest and most consistent advocates for racial justice, human rights and world peace. In August 2009, he received the nation’s highest civilian award–the Presidential Medal of Freedom–from President Barack Obama. On January 20, 2009, he delivered the benediction at the inauguration of President Obama as the 44th President of the United States.

When Ebony magazine named Dr. Lowery as one of the nation’s 15 greatest black preachers, he was described as “the consummate voice of biblical social relevancy (and) a focused prophetic voice, speaking truth to power.” In 1997, the NAACP presented him with one of its highest awards and called him the “dean” of the civil rights movement. A number of other organizations, including the National Conference of Black Mayors, have honored him for his effective leadership in the movement to empower African Americans as equal shareholders in American life.

Dr. Lowery’s life of advocacy has spanned more than a half century. His career in the civil rights movement began when he headed the Alabama Civic Affairs Association in Mobile, Alabama which spearheaded the movement to desegregate buses and other public accommodations and hire black police officers. In 1957, he joined with Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph David Abernathy and other southern ministers to organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He served as Vice President

Smokie Norful

Reverend Doctor Joseph E. Lowery received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in August of 2009

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Theater Talk

pitch - the property of sound that changes with variation in the frequency of vibration.

polyrhythm - simultaneous use of contrasting rhythmic patterns, common when blending musical styles.

repertoire (or repertory) - the complete list of musical works (or dramas, operas, or dances) available for a performance by an individual or a group at a given time.

rhythm - a regular pattern produced by the length of strong and weak musical sounds at a particular speed or tempo; frequently called the “beat.”

solo - a performance by one person that may or may not be accompanied by supporting voices or instruments.

syncopation - stressing the normally unaccented beats, often used in African-derived music.

tempo - the speed at which music is played.

anthem - a hymn of praise or loyalty; a choral composition having a sacred or moralizing text.

arrangement - the new adaptation of an already existing musical piece.

call-and-response - a communication pattern where one party sends forth a message or “call” and another party responds. This pattern is very common in African and African-descended music and dance.

chord - three or more tones having harmonic relation to each other and played or sounded together.

composer - a person who writes music.

dynamics - the interplay between loudness and softness and smoothness and “choppiness” of notes that are played or sung.

gospel - a form of vocal music that developed in African-American churches, especially in urban areas. It incorporates elements of African rhythm and music, African-American song

forms, expressive singing, and, often, musical accompaniment.

harmony - the result of certain simultaneously sounding musical intervals or chords which relate to each other and sound pleasing.

interval - the difference in pitch between two tones.

in unison - in complete agreement; harmonizing exactly.

lyrics - the words of a song.

melody - an organized succession of single musical tones arranged in a related and recognizable pattern.

music - the resonant tones and vibrations that emanate from one or more voices and/or instruments.

musician - a person who plays a musical instrument, especially professionally.

phrase - a melodic sequence that forms a complete unit.

Passport to culture • The M.L.K. Celebration

Smokie Norful

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Did You Know?Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Struggle for Civil RightsMartin Luther King, Jr.In the late 19th and into the 20th century, Southern whites had established a system of authority that protected the privileges of white society and generated tremendous suffering for African Americans, controlling them economically, politically and socially. This climate characterized the era before and after the birth of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, GA. In 1944, at the age of 15, he was admitted to Morehouse College. At 19, following graduation from college, he was ordained as a Baptist minister. In 1953, he married Coretta Scott, and in 1955, he received a doctorate in theology from Boston University.

Radical changes—Rude awakenings

The Bus Boycott in Baton Rouge, LA in 1953 was a mass movement guided by the United Defense League in which African-American citizens banded together to fight the segregated seating system on city buses. Though seldom talked about, historians believe it set the stage for desegregation in the Deep South.

Brown vs. the Board of Education, which has come to be known as the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement, was the culmination of an attack on segregation in education by the NAACP. On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

A Backlash by pro-segregation groups throughout the South followed the court ruling in favor of the NAACP. African Americans as well as the few whites who supported the civil rights cause were killed, maimed and starved. Among these was the highly publicized killing and mutilation of the 14-year-old African-American Emmet Till, a Northerner visiting Mississippi.

Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement

The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), led by Dr. King, was sparked by the arrest of black seamstress Mrs. Rosa Parks for refusing to take her place at the back of a city bus. The boycott ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. The protest propelled the Civil Rights Movement into national consciousness and Martin Luther King, Jr. into the public eye.

The philosophy of non-violence practiced by Indian political leader Mohandas Gandhi was adopted by Dr. King after visiting India in 1959. Dr. King, as well as other civil rights activists and organizations throughout the U.S., initiated examples of wide-scale mass resistance to injustice in the form of sit-ins, boycotts, marches, and speeches.

“The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom,” led by Dr. King in 1963, was the largest civil rights protest of the era. It was during this

march that Dr. King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech that underscored the need for a society where “people would be judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.”

The Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964, and Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize. However, brutalities continued in the South.

The “Letter from Birmingham Jail” was written by Dr. King during his imprisonment for participating in a Birmingham, AL march in 1965. In summary, the letter stated that he had come to Birmingham because of the injustice prevalent there. For Dr. King, injustice anywhere led to the possibility of injustice everywhere.

Dr. King’s last march led him to Memphis, TN in support of the city’s African-American sanitation workers. In a stirring speech on April 13, 1968, he delivered his “I Have Been to the Mountaintop” sermon. The following day, an assassin’s bullet snuffed out his life.

In 1985, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday was designated a national holiday, celebrated annually on the third Monday in January. Although the life of the “dream keeper” has ended, his legacy and spirit live on, leading all to a more profound understanding of the unquestionable need for human dignity and peace among all people.

President Lyndon B. Johnson and Martin Luther King, Jr. photo: Yoichi R. Okamoto

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7Passport to culture • The M.L.K. Celebration

In the ClassroomBefore the Performance

Additional Before and After activities can be found online at njpac.org. Click on Education, then SchoolTime Performances. Scroll down and click on MORE: Teacher Guides and Curriculum Materials. Select the guide and resource pages desired in PDF format.

1. Ask students why Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday is celebrated. What are the things he stood for? How does this celebration connect African Americans to their heritage? How does this celebration connect all Americans to their heritage? Why do students think that it is important to remember Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.? (6.1)*

2. Prepare the class for watching a live performance. Talk about proper audience behavior. Good audiences listen attentively and react appropriately to both funny moments and scary or serious ones. Bad audiences react too loudly, talk during the performance, fidget in their seats, eat, drink, or fall asleep. Discuss when it is appropriate to applaud. Stress that talking during a performance is rude and distracting both to performers and others in the audience. (1.1)

Teaching Science Through Music (6-12) by Sharon J. Sherman, Ed.D.

Music is an art form developed through the medium of sound. When we study the science of music, we study the physics of sound. When we listen to music, we hear variations in pitch, rhythm, dynamics, timbre, tempo, and texture. By bringing together these qualities with both contrast and repetition, we create music that is meaningful and memorable. In the science classroom, students study sound from the early grades right through high school. Young children commonly explore the pitch and volume of sound by using commercially made and homemade instruments. As they progress, children identify the basic forms of energy (light, sound, heat, electrical, and magnetic) and learn that energy is the ability to cause motion or create change. Whenever they hear sound, they know something is moving. As they progress, students learn that sound is produced by vibrating objects and requires a medium through which to travel. When an object vibrates, it pushes against the medium (such as air or water), creating zones of higher pressure and zones of lower pressure that travel outward from the source of sound. These zones are called compression waves. You can show your students what compression waves look like by stretching out a Slinky and tapping a coil at one of its ends, then letting the Slinky go and watching it retract.

In the middle grades, students learn that waves carry energy from place to place without transfer of matter. The measurable properties of waves are frequency, velocity, wavelength, amplitude, and period. In high school, students study the nature of sound waves, the properties of sound and the behavior of sound waves. The properties of sound can be demonstrated through music. Have your middle school students explore the sounds produced by different instruments. How does a percussion instrument such as a drum produce sound? Wind and brass instruments use vibrations in pipes to create the sounds. How are different notes created in these instruments? The guitar, the base, the harp, and the piano are stringed instruments. How does the musician vary the amplitude when playing a stringed instrument? High school students should answer each of these questions by applying concepts of physics. Sharon J. Sherman, Ed.D. is Dean of the School of Education and Professor of Teacher Education at Rider University in Lawrenceville, NJ. The Teaching Science Through the Arts content of this guide is made possible through the generous support of Roche.

After the Performance1. The following activity is an arts integrated resource of Verizon’s Thinkfinity.org.In this lesson, from ReadWriteThink, students explore the ways that powerful and passionate words communicate the concepts of freedom, justice, discrimination, and the American Dream in Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Have students pay attention to the details of King’s speech as they read and as they gather words to use in their own original poems. The lesson, which places special emphasis on Dr. King’s use of literary devices such as symbolism and repetition, can be accessed at readwritethink.org/lessons/lesson_view.asp?id=258. (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

2. Discuss with students how the songs of Smokie Norful helped the audience understand some of the things for which Dr. King stood. Verizon’s Thinkfinity.org provides useful links to the different styles of music that the group performed, including information on spirituals from Edsitement at edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id+318. (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

*Number(s) indicate the NJ Core Curriculum Content Standard(s) supported by the activity.

Arthur Ryan ……………..........................…………………………………………………………………….Chairman Lawrence P. Goldman ………..................…………………………………..President & Chief Executive Officer Sandra Bowie………………….....................……………………………………..Vice President for Arts Education Sanaz Hojreh ……………..................….……………………………..Assistant Vice President for Arts Education Donna Bost-White……......................….……………………………….Director for Arts Education/Special Projects Jeffrey Griglak………......................……………….………………………………..……..Director for Arts Training Verushka Spirito……......................…………………………………………...Associate Director for Performances Ambrose Liu………………........................……………………………………....Associate Director for Residencies Caitlin Evans Jones………….......................………………………………….…Associate Director for Residencies Faye Competello……………........................…………………………………....Associate Director for Arts Training Mary Whithed………....................………..………………………………….....Program Coordinator for ResidenciesJoanna Gibson.......................................................................................Manager of Wachovia Jazz for Teens Laura Ingoglia…………..............................................…................………......Editor of Teacher’s Resource Guide

Writers: Zadie Ife Laura Ingoglia Mary Louise Johnston

Editor: Laura Ingoglia

Design: Pierre Sardain, 66 Creative, Inc. 66Creative.com

NJPAC Guest Reader: Sanaz Hojreh

Curriculum Review Committee: Judith Israel Mary Lou Johnston Amy Tenzer

Copyright © 2010 New Jersey Performing Arts Center All Rights Reserved

One Center Street Newark, New Jersey 07102Administration: 973 642-8989Arts Education Hotline: 973 353-8009artseducation@njpac.org

NJPAC wishes to thank Shiba Freeman Haley, founder and president of Mahogany Entertainment, Inc. and Magdalene “Maggie” Womack of the Joseph E. Lowery Institute for assistance with this guide.

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Delving Deeper Acknowledgmentsas of 11/06/09

Passport to culture • The M.L.K. Celebration

For even more arts integration resources, please go to Thinkfinity.org, the Verizon Foundation’s signature digital learning platform, designed to improve educational and literacy achievement.

Books for Students and Teachers

King, Martin Luther, Jr. Stride Toward Freedom. Harper and Row, 1958.

_______________. Strength to Love. Harper and Row, 1963.

Mfume, Kwesi and Ronald Ii Stodghill. No Free Ride. One World/Ballantine, 1997.

Teacher Resources

State of NJ Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Commission CN 456, Trenton, NJ 08625-0456.

Recordings

Recordings by Smokie Norful

Smokie Norful Live (EMI, 2009)

Life Changing (EMI, 2006)

Nothing Without You Special Edition CD+DVD (EMI, 2005)

Nothing Without You(EMI, 2004)

I Need You Now Limited Edition (EMI, 2003) Adoration: Live in Atlanta. Verity, 1996

I Need You Now (Chordant Music Group, 2002)

Additional resources can be found online at njpac.org. Click on Education, then on Performances, then on Curriculum Materials. Scroll down to “Download Teacher Guide in Adobe Acrobat PDF format” and select desired guide.

NJPAC Arts Education programs are made possible by the generosity of: Bank of America, Allen & Joan Bildner & The Bildner Family Foundation, The Arts Education Endowment Fund in Honor of Raymond G. Chambers, Leon & Toby Cooperman, The Horizon Foundation for New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Amy C. Liss, McCrane Foundation, Merck Company Foundation, Albert & Katharine Merck, The Prudential Foundation, The PSEG Foundation, David & Marian Rocker, The Sagner Family Foundation, The Star-Ledger/Samuel I. Newhouse Foundation, Surdna Foundation, The Turrell Fund, Verizon, Victoria Foundation, Wachovia, The Wal-Mart Foundation and The Women’s Association of NJPAC.

Additional support is provided by: Advance Realty Foundation, C.R. Bard Foundation, Becton, Dickinson & Company, The Frank and Lydia Bergen Foundation, Bloomberg, Chase, The Citi Foundation, The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Veronica Goldberg Foundation, Meg & Howard Jacobs, Johnson & Johnson, Kraft Foods, Marianthi Foundation, The MCJ Amelior Foundation, The New Jersey State Council on the Arts, The George A. Ohl, Jr., Foundation, Pechter Foundation, PNC Foundation on behalf of the PNC Grow Up Great program, The Provident Bank Foundation, E. Franklin Robbins Charitable Trust, Roche, TD Charitable Foundation, Target, The United Way of Essex & West Hudson, Lucy and Eleanor S. Upton Charitable Foundation, The Edward W. & Stella C. Van Houten Memorial Fund, and The Blanche M. & George L. Watts Mountainside Community Foundation.