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Passive VoicePassive Voice
When the agent is unknown– Spanish "SE" :
Se venden pisos: Flats are sold
– Spanish "Ellos/as" omitted : Le dieron un beso a Pepita: Pepita was given a kiss
When do we use it?When do we use it?
To make the object of the active verb more important
America was discovered in 1492 by Christopher Columbus
When do we use it?When do we use it?
SubjectSubject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the results of an action.
The verb "to beto be" in the tense the action occurred. The Past Participle Past Participle of the verb that represents the
action itself. Whatever complementscomplements that verb needs. In a few special cases we can also use byby + the
agentagent.
Structure of the sentenceStructure of the sentence
Structure of the verbStructure of the verb
TENSES EXAMPLES
Present Simple Pigs are often used to find truffles
Present Continuous My house is being redecorated at the moment
Present Perfect I have never been given flowers on my birthday
Past Simple This picture was painted by Picasso
Past Continuous When I saw him he was being followed by the police
Past Perfect She was angry because she had already been told three times
Future Simple When you get there everything will be finished
Going to - Future They are not going to be easily convinced
Conditional Simple You would be punished if they found out
Conditional Perfect If you hadn’t told them would I have been invited?
to BEBE gives us the tense of the action
the principal verb is always in Past ParticiplePast Participle
THE PASSIVE VERBTHE PASSIVE VERBto BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb) to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb)
ACTIVE PASSIVE
She wants an ice-cream An ice-cream is wanted
He sent a letter A letter was sent
We will buy a new car next week A new car will be bought
They have been cutting the grass The grass has been being cut
The passive sentenceThe passive sentenceACTIVE VOICEACTIVE VOICE
Active Subject
Active Verb
Direct Object
Robert gave a coina coin
byPassive Verb
Passive Subject
Agent
PASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICEwas given by
The passive sentenceThe passive sentence
ACTIVE VOICEACTIVE VOICE
Active Subject
Active Verb
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Robert gave a coin TomTomto
byDirect Object
Passive Verb
Passive Subject
Agent
PASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICEwas given by
1/They built this housethis house in 14662/ This house This house was built was built in 1466
1/ My classmates speak French French 2/ French French is spoken is spoken by my classmates
1/ This book will change your lifeyour life2/ Your life Your life will be changed will be changed by this book
ExamplesExamples
1/ They have cut the grassthe grass2/ The grass The grass has been cuthas been cut
1/ My mother is going to give meme a present2/ I I am going to be given am going to be given a present by my mother1/ Susan wrote an e-mail to himto him1/ He was written was written an e-mail by Susan
ExamplesExamples
1/ They can’t answer your questionyour question2/ Your question Your question can’t be answeredcan’t be answered
1/ They shouldn’t allow the children the children to do these things 2/ The children The children shouldn’t be allowed shouldn’t be allowed to do these things
1/ 1/ SomeoneSomeone must tell must tell him him if we want him to knowif we want him to know2/ 2/ He He must be told must be told if we want him to know
More examplesMore examples
HAVE/ GET somethingsomething done: Arranging for or paying for somebody to do something for you. (Get is more informal).
He had his hair his hair cutShe got her carpet her carpet cleanedWe have had our car our car mendedThey had got their book their book translated
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
HAVE + HAVE + ObjectObject + + Past ParticiplePast Participle
Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find1. Introductory IT is used
It is said is said that he started the firehe started the fireIt is thought is thought that she doesn't live in Londonshe doesn't live in LondonIt was known was known that the King is coming tomorrowthe King is coming tomorrow
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
IT + passive verb + complete subordinate sentence without changes
Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find
It is said is said that he started the fire he started the fire (action in the Past)He He is said is said to have started to have started the fire the fire (Infinitive Perfect)It is thought is thought that she doesn't live in London she doesn't live in London (Present)She She is thought is thought to live to live in London in London (Infinitive Present)
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
Subordinate subject + verb passive + subordinate active verb in INFINITIVE.