PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN and

ENERGY EFFICIENCY In Buildings

By:

Professor Emeritus Dato’ Ar. Dr. Elias @ Ilias Salleh Solar Energy Research Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

16 October 2013

QAST 2013 Conference Dinner Talk

THE MESSAGE

“ ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS

SHOULD START WITH

EXPLOITING ALL PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN POSSIBILITIES

AT THE DESIGN STAGE “

GREEN BUILDING INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA

GREEN PASS – CIDB PENARAFAN HIJAU (pH JKR) - JKR GREEN RE - REHDA PASSIVE HOUSE (PASSIVHAUS) ?

GBI

MALAYSIA GREEN BUILDING CONFEDERATION

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN GBI SYSTEM: GBI POINTS ALLOCATION

CRITERIA

RESIDENTIAL

NON RESIDENTIAL

EE ENERGY EFFICIENCY 23 35

EQ ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 12 21

SM SITE & MANAGEMENT 33 16

MR MATERIAL & RESOURCE 12 11

WE WATER EFFICIENCY 12 10

IN INNOVATION 8 7

BEI - BUILDING ENERGY INDEX

MS 1525:2007 - CONTENTS Clause 0 Introduction 1 Scope 2 Referenced Documents 3 Definitions 4 Architectural and Passive Design Strategy 5 Building Envelope 6 Lighting 7 Electric Power and Distribution 8 Air-Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System 9 Energy Management Control System 10 Building Energy Simulation Method

MS 1525:2007 (revised 2013) 4.2 Passive Design Strategy The basic approach towards good passive design is to orientate, to shade, to insulate, to ventilate and to daylit buildings. (efficiently ?)

PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN Passive solar design is design that takes advantage of natural climate and energy to maintain indoor environmental comfort

Components

• Locality • Climate • Environmental Comfort

• Daylighting • Passive Cooling • Passive Heating

Bioclimatic Design Passive Solar Systems +

PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN Basic strategies

• ORIENTATION • SHADING • INSULATION • VENTILATION • Passive Solar Systems

ORIENTATION WHERE IS THE SUN ?

ALT = ALTITUDE ANGLE AZI = AZIMUTH ANGLE

KUALA LUMPUR

NEW YORK

SYDNEY

WHERE IS THE WIND ?

Solar Chart superimposed by Shadow Angle Protractor

SHADING

WHAT ANGLES ?

VSA VERTICAL SHADOW ANGLE

HSA

HORIZONTAL SHADOW ANGLE

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3

SOLAR GAIN REDUCTION THROUGH SHADING

INSULATION

WHAT R-Value ? WHAT U-Value ? WHAT E-Value ?

R-value is just a measure of heat transfer by conduction

Surface Emittance ChartBlack Body, 1

Emittance of Aluminum Paint, 0.5

Emittance of Common Building Materials, 0.9

Emittance of an Aluminum Coating, 0.22

< 0.1 = Radiant Barrier, 0.1

Foil Radiant Barrier, 0.030

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 = No Radiation and 1 = Black Body or Maximum Radiant Heat Transfer

Em

ittan

ce 0

to 1

.0

VENTILATION

WHAT AIR CHANGE RATE ? WHAT AIR VELOCITY ?

LANCHESTER LIBRARY, COVENTRY

Passive Solar System

DAYLIGHTING SIDE WINDOWS, HIGH WINDOWS, PIPED DAYLIGHT

GREENHOUSE SPACE HEATING

NIGHT VENTILATION STRUCTURAL COOLING, ROOF POND

“ ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS

SHOULD START WITH EXPLOITING ALL PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN POSSIBILITIES

AT THE DESIGN STAGE “

(Use of Simulation Techniques)

TROPICAL PASSIVHAUS ?

THANK YOU !