Pashudhan Parkash 2015 .pdf

7/26/2019 Pashudhan Parkash 2015 .pdf

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Hkkvuqi&jk"Vh; i'kq vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku C;wjksdjuky& 132 001(gfj;k.kk) Hkkjr

i'kq/ku izdk'k"k"Ve vad

i'kq/ku izdk'k


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laj{kd ,oaizdk'kdvktZo 'kekZ] funs'kd

eq[; lEikndvfuy dqekj feJ

lEiknd eaMyeuh"kh eqds'kjs[kk 'kekZ

lkdsr dqekj fujatulksfudk vgykor

lriky

i'kq/ku izdk'k"k"Ve vad

ISSN 0976-4569

Hkkvuqi&jk"Vh; i'kq vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku C;wjks] djuky (gfj;k.kk)

vad&6(o"kZ&2015)

eqdbUVSd fizaVlZ,.M ifCy'klZ343]igyh eafty] eqxy dWuky] djuky & 132 001(gfj;k.kk)

Qksu ua-0184&4043541] 093157&80004]bZ&esy%[email protected]

if=dk esaizdkf'kr ys[kksaesa fn, x, vkadMs+ rFkk fopkj ys[kdksadsviusgSaAmudsfy, laiknd eaMy vFkok C;wjksfdlh izdkj lsmkjnk;h ughagSA


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funs'kd dh dye ls--------

jk"Vh; i'kq vkuqoaf'kd lalkku C;wjks] djuky dh okf"kZd fganh if=dk i'kqku dk'k ds NBs vad dks Lrqr djrsgq, eq>s vikj g"kZ gks jgk gSA gekjk laLFkku Hkkjrh; i'kq laink ds vuqokaf'kd lalkkuksa dh fofHkUu fo'ks"krkvksarFkk vkuqoaf'kd {kerkvksa dh igpku djus ds fy, fujarj ;kljr gSA orZeku esa laLFkku us dtyh HksM+]

fla?kjh cdjh] jktkiy;e vkSj fpIihijbZ 'oku ds lkFk&lkFk nslh i'kqvksa dh de&Kkr vkcknh ds #ih y{k.kfukkZj.k dk;Z dks iwjk fd;k gSl lhjh xk;] ekyh ,oa ;sYxk HksM+] flfDde cdjh o dksuk;su eqxhZ ds y{k.kfukkZj.k dk dk;Z xfr ij gSA

jk"Vh; thu cSad esa xkvksykvks vkSj Fkkjikjdj xk;ksa rFkk VksMk HkSal dh 7600oh;Z [kqjkdksa dks 'kkfey fd;kx;k gSl laj{k.k vkSj fodkl dk;Z ds fy, tkQjkcknh HkSal dk oh;Z blds tuu {ks= esa mi;ksx fd;k x;kgSA iwf.kZ;k] fcU>jiqjh] vleh rFkk dkslyh xk;] ekjokM+h] iwNh vkSj frCcrh HksM+] cqUnsy[kaMh rFkk Hkkdjokycdjh] vklke ds 'kwdj] tkyksjh V] v#.kkpyh ;kd rFkk feFkqu] jktLFkku ds xkksa] gktjk eqxhZ] vlke dhck[kksa dk usVodZ ifj;kstuk ds varxZr rFkk ckjxqj ,oa vksaxksy xk; vkSj gfju?kVk eqfxZ;ksa dk laj{k.k dk;Zfd;k x;k gSl blds vfrfj] laLFkku us tud lkaMksa dh lkbVkstsusfVd Lhfuax ds fy, ijke'kZ lsok,a nku

djus dk dk;Z tkjh j[kk vkSj xksi'kqvksa esa oa'kkuqxr chekfj;ksa dk irk yxkus dk dk;Z vkjEHk fd;k x;k gSAi'kq foKku ds lkFk&lkFk gekjk laLFkku jktHkk"kk fganh ds pkj&lkj vkSj blds jktdh; dk;ks esa ;ksx dks

xfr nsus gsrq fujarj ;kljr gSA laLFkku esa jktHkk"kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr dh fu;fer vUrjky ij fujarjcSBdsa vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSaA frekgh@Nekgh fjiksVs eq[;ky; esa fujarj Hksth tkrh gSaA fganh dk;Z'kkyk,a vkSjfganh i[kokM+s dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd laLFkku ds dkfeZdksa dks jktHkk"kk fganh ds fr tkx:d j[kktk ldsA blh ms'; ls bl fganh if=dk dks dkf'kr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k FkkA

bl if=dk esa i'kq foKku ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ;Fkk i'kq fpfdRlk] caku] mRiknu] laj{k.k] pkjk caku bR;kfnKkuokZd ys[kksa dks 'kkfey djds i'kqikydksa] fdlkuksa] 'kksk dk;ks ls tqM+s oSKkfudksa@fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa psruk tkx`rdjus dk ;kl fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kl gsrq if=dk dk dk'ku eaMy ckkbZ dk ik= gSA eSa lHkh ys[kdksa dkskU;okn djrk gw ftuds ys[kksa dks bl if=dk esa dkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA xkSjfUor Hkko ls eSa lHkh LVkQ lnL;ksaftuds ;ksxnku ls ;g if=dk iw.kZ gqbZ gS] dks ckkbZ nsrk gwA if=dk esa lqkkj vkSj ekxZn'kZu ds fy, vkidslq>koksa dk Lokxr gSA

eS lg"kZ bl if=dk ds lqugjs Hkfo"; fd dkeuk djrk gwA

(vktZo 'kekZ)funs'kd


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lEikndh;Hkkvuqi&jk"Vh; i'kq vkuqoaf'kd lalkku C;wjks] djuky Hkkjr esa ikyrw i'kq ,oa dqDdqV lalkkuksadh igpku] ewY;kadu] xq.k fukkZj.k] laj{k.k vkSj muds lrr mi;ksx ds vfkns'k gsrq ns'k dh vxz.khlaLFkk gSA gekjs ns'k esa i'kq ikyu ,oa i'kq fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa mPp ,oa mUur dksfV ds vuqlakku dk;Zgks jgs gSaA ysfdu bu vuqlakkuksa ds ifj.kke dk vfkdre ykHk rHkh laHko gSa] tc buds ifj.kkefdlkuksa vkSj i'kq ikydksa dks mudh gh Hkk"kk esa lqyHk djk;k tk,A fganh gekjs ns'k dh jktHkk"kk gS,oa ;g nqfu;k dh Js"Bre Hkk"kkvksa esa ls ,d gSA Hkkjr dh lcls vfkd cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk fganhgh gS ,oa ns'k esa loZ= ekStwn gSA

^i'kqku dk'k* dk "k"Ve vad vkids lEeq[k u, dysoj esa Lrqr gSA Lrqr vad esa tgk ns'k dhde Kkr ikyrw i'kqvksa ,oa dqDdqVks dh ubZ uLyksa tSls fd xk; dh fcykgh vkSj xaxkrhjh] HksM+ dhdtyh] xks fd Lihfr] ck[k dh ukxgal vkSj ns'k ds mkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa ik, tkus okys feFkqu dslkFk gh cdjh dh fljksgh uLy dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS- ogh i'kq ikyu dh vU; fokkvksa ls lEcafkrys[k Hkh fn, x, gSa- Lrqr vad esa dqy 23ys[k lfEefyr fd;s x, gSa] lkFk gh fiNys o"kZ 'kksk i=ys[ku fr;ksfxrk esa iqjLr Fke rhu 'kkSk i=ksa dk Hkh dk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA

^i'kqku dk'k* ds dk'ku esa laLFkku ds lHkh oSKkfudksa] vfkdkfj;ksa ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dk lg;ksxljkguh; jgk gS- lcds lg;ksx ls ;g if=dk Hkfo"; esa vkSj Hkh vfkd lqn`


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1. fcykgh & mkj Hkkjr dh ?kqeUrw xk; dh uLy 1

fodkl oksgjk] vfuy dqekj feJ] lkdsr dqekj fujatu] eukst dqekj ,oach dstks'kh

2. xaxkrhjh&mkj ns'k dh ,d mR"V xkSoa'kh; uLy 4

iq"isU dqekj flag] xksiky lka[kyk ,ao ih dsflag

3. iatkc dsfdlkuksadh vkthfodk esalgk;d dtyh HksaM+ dk v/;;u 8

vfuy dqekj feJ] ds,u jktk] fodkl oksgjk] latho flag ,ao ;'koar flag

4. jktLFkku dk xkSjo fljksgh cdjh o mldk ikyu 11

v#.k dqekj] flkFkZfeJk] bUnzlsu pkSgku] ,l ,e dsudoh

5. Lihfr xks& xq.k o mi;ksfxrk 19

jkgqy cgy] T;ksRluk cgy] ih ,u v=h vkSj latho u


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14. Vksaesad`f=e xHkkZkku 63

, ,l egyk] vkj dspkSkjh] , ,l xksnkjk] ch ,y dqekor] ,l dscM+ljk]vfer] vkj ds ;ksxh ,oavkyksd dqekj ;kno

15. ekbkslSVsykbV & yksdfiz; vk.kfod fpd 67

jkds'k dqekj] ch Mh y[kpkSjk ,oajhuk vjksM+k

16. i'kqvksadh tuu lEcU/kh leL;k,a,ao mudk fuokj.k 71

iq"i jkt f'kogjs] ,u dsoekZ] js[kk 'kekZ] lksfudk vgykor ,oaf;adk 'kekZ

17. xfHkZr i'kq dh ns[kHkky 76

lat; dqekj feJ ,oa loZthr ;kno

18. dke djusokysi'kqvksadk vkgkj 78

lR;sU iky flag] koZsU flag ,oalatho flag

19.

uhylZuk (CywVax) jksx 82djepUn] ,l dsfo'okl] ch e.My ,oa , ch ik.Ms;

20. cdfj;ksadh twuksfVd chekfj;k 85

jkds'k jatu] /kesZU dqekj ,oa ch lh lj[ksy

21. jktLFkku dh dkadjst] lkapksjh o ukjh xk;ksaesacgq&fHkUu #ih fofk }kjk'kkjhfjd eki dsvkkkj ij foHksnhdj.k 89

jkds'k dqekj iqaMhj] eksn dqekj flag ,oansfoanj dqekj lMkuk

22.

Hkkjrh; xksi'kqvksesajksx frj{k.k lslEcafkr Vh ,y vkj 6 thu dhcgq:irkvksadh igpku o ksVhu ljapuk ij mudk Hkko 96

eksfudk lks


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1

vuqokaf'kd lEink dh igpku] ewY;kadu] xq.k fukkZj.k]laj{k.k ,oa mi;ksx dk v;;u djuk jk"Vh; i'kqvuqokaf'kd lalkku C;wjks] djuky dk eq[; ms';gSA Hkkjr esavuqokaf'kd lEink dh igpku] ewY;kadu,oa xq.k fukkZj.k ls lacafkr T;knkrj v;;u vcrd dqN tkuh&ekuh ns'kh i'kquLyksa rd lhfer jgkgSA ijUrq fiNysdqN o"kks ls jk"Vh; i'kqvkuqoaf'kd

lalkku C;wjks }kjk os i'kqku ftu dk tuu {ks=dqN de Kkr vFkok lhfer gS] mudk Hkh v;;uvFkok ewY;kadu ,oa xq.kfukkZj.k dk dke 'kq: djfn;k x;k gSA lkekU;r% i'kqku dh ,slh uLysaftu dsckjsesa de Kkr gksosk;% de la[;k esaikbZtkrh gSarFkk mudk lhfer forj.k gksrk gS] vkSj ,slh uLyksadh mi;ksfxrk veweu ,d NksVsls {ks= esa;k lektds ,d [kkl [kaM tSls dh xqTtj] xh] c[kjoky]'ks[kkoVh vkfn leqnk;ksard lhfer gksrh gSA ckotwnbldsmudh mi;ksfxrk dksde djdsvkaduk ,d Hkwygksxh D;ksafd ,sls i'kqku dh mRiknu {kerk dk ;fnfoLrkj ls ewY;kadu fd;k tk;s rks laHko gS dh gesamudh dqN Nqih gqbZ fo'ks"krk, fey tk;satks fd mUgsatyok;qvuqdwy cukrh gksavFkok jksx frjkskd {kerknku djkrh gksaA lkFk gh gesa;g ughaHkwyuk pkfg, fdHkwfe ghu i'kqikydksavkSj etnwjksadksvkthfodk nkudjusesai'kqku }kjk fuHkkbZxbZHkwfedk mYys[kuh; gSA

blfy, ;g vko';d gkstkrk gS fd mudk Hkh xq.kfukkZj.k dj mudh mi;ksfxrk dksn'kkZ;k tk;sA

fcykgh xk;] ?kqeUrw i'k qku caku ds rgr ikyhtkus okyh ,d cgqmi;ksxh uLy gS] ftldk nwkcgqr vPNk ,oa ikSf "Vd gksrk g SA xkaok s vk Sj 'kgjks a es afcykgh xk; dk nwk vPNs nkeksa ij fcd tkrk gSA;g uLy [ksrh rFkk [ksrh ls tqM+ s dkek sa esa Hkh mi;k sx

esa ykb Z tkrh gSA bl uLy ds cSy igkM+h bykdks a es a[ksrh ds fy, vR;ar gh mi;ksxh gksrs gSA fcykgh xk;dk oxhZdj.k ck Wl b afMdl tkfr esa fd;k tkrk gSAbl uLy dks xqtZj leqnk; ds yksx ikyrs gSa vkSjmudk dguk gS fd muds iwoZtksa us bl uLy dksfodflr fd;k Fkk vkSj ;g uLy mu ds ifjokj esayxHkx lkS lky ls Hkh T;knk le; ls ekSt wn gSA

mudk dguk gS fd fcykgh xk;k sa dks ikyuk] l aok Zu,oa laj{k.k djuk gh mu ds ifjokj dk O;olk; gSvkSj vkthfodk dk eq[k lzksr gS] tks os dbZ ihfqaM dh deh vkSj uLy ekU;rk ds vHkkodh otg ls fcykgh xk;ksa dk budh mRiknu {kerk

fcykgh & mkj Hkkjr dh ?kqeUrw xk; dh uLyfodkl oksgjk] vfuy dqekj feJ] lkdsr dqekj fujatu] eukst dqekj ,oach dstks'kh

Hkkvuqi& jk"Vh; i'kq vuqokaf'kd lalkku C;wjks] djuky&132001


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i'kqku izdk'k & ("k"Ve vad&2015)

2

ds fy, vrhr esa e wY;k adu ugha fd;k x;kA ,d 'kkskv;u ls irk pyrk gS fd fcykgh xk; dks eq[;r%

;gk ds xqtZj pjokgk sa }kjk pjkbZ caku .kkyh dsrgr ikyk tkrk gSA i'k qvk sa dks ?kkl] iqjyh vkSjHkwlk gh f[kyk;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd i'kqvksa dks nkukf[kyk ikuk vkfFkZd n`f "V ls vfkdrj i'k qikydksads fy, ykHknk;d ugh a gksrkA ijUrq dqN lkkulEiUu i'k qikyd] ftuds ikl [ksrh ;ksX; tehu gSos cjlhe] gjk pkjk] xUus dk gjk Hkkx] vkSj nkukf[kykr s gSaA fcykgh xk;ksa esa k;% dksb Z chekjh ugh aikb Z tkrh vkSj i'k qikyd utnhdh i'k qfpfdRlky;

ls laked chekfj;ka tSls fd [kqjidk&eqgidk]xy?kksaVw vkSj ljk Z tSlh [krjukd chekfj;ksa dkVhdkdj.k djokr s gSaA fcykgh xk; dh tuu {kerkcgqr gh vPNh crkbZ tkrh gS vkSj ,d o;Ld eknkyxHkx gj o"k Z ,d cPpk nsrh gS tks fd ns'kh uLyksadh xk;ks esa k;% de gh gSA Hky s gh vkt fcykgh xk;mkj Hkkjr dh ,d de Kkr i'k q uLy gS] ysfdulaHko gS fd cnyrs tyok;q vkSj i;k Zoj.k ds lUnHk Zesa dy fcykgh xk; ,d egRoi w.kZ nslh xk; dh uLy

ds :i esa tkuh tk;sA gkykafd] C;wj ks ds oSKkfudksa}kjk fd, x, v;;u ds vkkkj ij fcykgh mkjHkkjr dh igkfM+;ksa dh rygVh esa ik;h tkus okyhf}dkth uLy gS] v;;u ls gesa ;g Hkh Kkr gksrk fdlhfer lalkku ds ckotwn fcykgh uLy dks cuk,j[kus vkSj bl uLy ds laj{k.k es a bl {ks= ds xqtZjksadk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA blh lky] tuojh 2015esa jk"Vh; i'k q vuqokaf'kd lalkku C;wjks ] djukyvkSj Hkkjrh; f"k vuqlUkku ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhus fcykgh xk; dks Hkkjr dh vM+rhloha xk; ds :iesa iathr dj ,d f}dkth uLy dk ntk Z fn;k g SAjk"Vh; i'kq vuqok af'kd lalkku C;wjks ] djuky }kjkfn;k x;k fcykgh xk; dk vDls'ku ek ad uacj gS%

bafM;k_ dSVy_ 0532_ fcykgh_ 03038

fcykgh xk; dh igpku ,oa'kkjhfjd jpuk

fcykgh xk; ds'kjhj dk jax eq[kr% Hkwfj;k yky vkSj

lQsn (91.5%) gS] dHkh&dHkh] Hkwjs jax ds 'kjhj dksfofHkUu jaxksa tSls fd HkwjsvkSj lQsn (6%)vkSj Hkwjsjax (2.5%)esaHkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fcykgh xk; dkeqg] xydEcy (xys dsuhpsdk yVdrk gqvk >kyjnkj ekal) vkSj xnZu dk fupyk fgLlk lQsn jax dkgS] lQsn jax Vkaxks ij vkSj isV ds fupys Hkkx ijHkh ik;k tkrk gSA uky] eq[k ,oaiwN dscky dk jaxvfkdrj dkyk gksrk gSA fcykgh leafer 'kjhj] raxRopk] iryk psgjk] lhksvkSj O;kid ekFksdslkFk ,de;e vkdkj dh xk; dh uLy gSA njkarh vkdkj dslhax NksVsls ysdj e;e eki dsgksrsgSaA lhax dk j axeq[;r% dkyk (88%) gksrk gSvkSj yEckbZ25-4 2-26lseh gksrh gSA yxHkx12%i'kqvksa esa Hkwjs jax dslhaxik, tkrsgSatksfd ij dh rjQ vkSj FkksM+k vanj dhvksj mUeq[khdj.k esa?kqeko nkj dslkFk njkarh vkdkjdk gksrk gSA fcykgh x;ksesae;e vkdkj dk dwcM+ ujesa] vkSj NksVsvkdj dk dwcM+ eknk esa] ik;k tkrk gSA

eknkvksaesaeq[k nwk dksf'kdk dksfof'k"V :i lsckgjfudyk gqvk ns[kk tk ldrk gSvkSj eknkvksaesae;exksy vkdkj dsFku ik;stkrsgSaA

fcykgh uLy dh mi;ksfxrk

fcykgh eknkvksa esa nwk mRiknu dh vPNh {kerk gSvkSjbudh igyh C;kr esanwk mRiknu yxHkx 5-5 fdyksfrfnu rd ik;k x;k gSvkSj iwjh C;kr esa 1071fdyksrd nqXk iSnk gksrk gSA buds nwk esa olk dh ek=k

Hkh vPNh (ikap lsij) ik;h tkrh gStks fd ladjuLy dh xk;ksa dh vis{kk dgha vfkd gS] fcykgh cSyf"k {ks= esaifjogu vkSj [ksrh lacafkr dk;ksdsfy,bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA fcykgh xk; dk ,d lky rddk cNM+k yxHkx 1000&1200#i, esafcd tkrk gS]D;ksafd osigkM+h bykdsdsf"k dk;ks dsfy, mke gksrs


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3

gSaA bldsvfrfj budk xkscj Hkh [kkn ds:i esa [ksrksa

dh moZjdrk c


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4

Hkkjr fofokrkvksalsHkjk ns'k gSaA ;g fofokrk gh fofHkUudkj dh dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fodkl dh fujarjrkdkscuk;sj[krh gSA Hkkjr fo'o dslclsT;knk i'kqkuokysns'kksa esa,d gSA nqXk mRiknu dh n`f"V ls;g ns'kvU; dbZns'kksalscgqr ihNsgSA lkB&lrj dsn'kdesavkSlr nqXk mRiknu c


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5

ikyh tkrh gSaA ;sxk;sa eq[;r% lalkku foghu fdlkuksads}kjk thfodksiktZu gsrq ikyh tkrh gSA vr% xaxkrhjh

ikyu esau flQZbu fdlkuksdk vfirqlEiw.kZ {ks=dsfodkl dh vR;fkd laHkkouk,a fNih gqbZ gSaA 18ohai'kqx.kuk 2007dsvuqlkj laiw.kZ mkj ns'k esa13yk[k xaxkrhjh xkSoa'kt ik, x,A xaxkrhjh ikyu dsckjsesatkuusdsfy, iwohZmkj ns'k esaxaxkrhjh xksoa'kds ewy LFkku] ftlesa okjk.klh] xkthiqj] cfy;k],aopankSyh ftys vkrs gSa (flag ,ao vU; 2007) esa ,dlosZ{k.k fd;k x;kA mijks ftyksa esa okjk.klh ,aoxkthiqj ds108xaxkrhjh i'kqikydksa dk iwoZfukkZfjr

'ukoyh }kjk lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;kA

xaxkrhjh xksikyu ifr

;g xkSoa'k eq[;r% NksVs,ao lhekar fdlkuksdsvkykokHkwfeghu fdlkuks ds }kjk thou;kiu ds fy, ikyhtkrh gSaA de ykxr }kjk ikyh tkusokyh ;sxk;savkgkjds fy, eq[;r% 5&7?kaVsdh pjkbZrFkk le;kuqlkjmiyCk ?kj dsHkkstu vo'ks"k ij fuHkZj jgrh gSaA pjkbZgsrqbu xk;ksadksxko dsvkl ikl ds[kkyh iM+s[ksr

;k vuqi;q Hkwfe ij ;k fn;kjk ds {ks= esa yk;k tkrkgSaA blds vkykok ?kj ij pksdj] Hkwlk ,ao ;fn miyCkgqvk rks nkuk Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA vfkdrj fdlku viusi'kqvksadks[kqysLFkku ij fdlh o`{k dsuhpsj[krsgSa;ki'kqvksadsfy, NIijnkj ?kj cuk, tkrsgSaA dqN fdlkuvius?kjksa dsdqN Hkkx esagh xk;ksadksckakrsgSaA gkykfdbu txgksaij ikuh dsfudkl dh leqfpr O;oLFkk rks

ughaikbZx;h fdUrqvfkdrj fdlkuksadsxk;ksa dsjgusdk LFkku lkQ lqFkjk ,ao 'kq"d ik;k x;kA

xaxkrhjh xk;ksadk xHkkZkku uSlfxZd fofk }kjk] xkaoksaesa miyCk vKkr vkuqoaf'kd {kerk okys fdUrqvPNsfn[kus okys xaxkrhjh lkaM+ks }kjk djk;k tkrk gSaAxaxkrhjh xk;ksadks 2ls10ds>q.M esa ikyk tkrk gSaAvfkdrj fdlku 2&3xk;sa,ao ,d tksM+h cSy ikyrsgSaA xk;ksals feyusokysnwk dksi'kqikyd vius ?kjesaHkkstu ds:i esa mi;ksx djrsgSa] ;g nwk {ks= ds'kkdkgkjh tula[;k ds fy, ksVhu dk ,dek= ,aocsgrj fodYi gSA 'ks"k cpsgq, nwk dks;sfdlku cktkj

esacsp nsrsg SaA vr% eq[; :i lspjkbZ ij fuHkZj gksusds ckotwn xaxkrhjh xk;sa2-5ls 4-5yhVj nwk frfnunsrh gSA

v;;u ds nkSjku ;s Hkh ik;k x;k dh dqN fdlkutks fd xaxkrhjh xk;ksa dks fu;fer :i ls nkuk ,ao[kfut feJ.k ns jgs Fks] mudh xaxkrhjh xk;ksa dknwk mRiknu 7ls8yhVj frfnu FkkA ;g xaxkrhjhxk;ksadh nqXk mRiknu dh laHkoukvksadksn'kkZrk gSA

i'kqikydksa}kjk xaxkrhjh xk;ksadsnwk dh xq.kokk ladjxk;ksadseqdkcyscsgrj crkbZx;hA xaxkrhjh cSy f"kdk;Zgsrqmke ekustkrs gSaA vr% xaxkrhjh cNM+svPNhdher ij cspstkrsgSaA NksVs,ao lhekar fdlku xaxkrhjhcSyksa ls u flQZ viuh f"k djrs gSa cfYd fdjk;sij nwljs fdlkuksadsf"k dk;Z fuiVkrs gSaA xaxkrhjhcSyksa lsdbZdkj dsf"k dk;Z] tSls[ksr dh tqrkbZ,ao cqokbZ] xUusdh fijkbZbR;kfn fy, tkrsgSaA blds

fp= 3- xaxkrhjh xk;ksadk [kqyk vkokl fp= 4- pkjkxkg {ks= esaxaxkrhjh fp= 5- xaxkrhjh xk; dk vkokl


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6

vkykok cSyxkM+h lsdbZlkekuksadh


15/123

7

2- xaxkrhjh xkSoa'k ds vuqokaf'kd mRFkku ds fy,mudh caku .kkyh esamfpr dk;Ze cukdj

f;kfUor djuk pkfg,A3- xaxkrhjh i'kqikydksa dksLo;algk;rk lewg cukus

gsrqksRlkfgr djuk pfg,A

4- {ks=h; lgdkjh lfefr;ksadh {kerk dk fodklfd;k tkuk pfg, ftllsxaxkrhjh xkSikyd bulsvfkdkfkd tqM+s,ao ykHk kIr dj ldsA lkFk ghxaxkrhjh nwk dsfoi.ku esaxkSikydksadksvfrfjykHk fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

5- xaxkrhjh xk;ksa dks pjkbZ gsrw pkjkxkg miyCkdjokus,ao bldk caku djusdh fn'kk esa dk;Zfd;s tkusdh rRdky vko';drk gSA

vkHkkj

bl v;;u ds f;kUo;u gsrq vko';d lqfokkvksadks miyCk djus gsrq ys[kdx.k funs'kd]Hkkvuqi&jk"Vh; Msjh vuqlUkku lalFkku] djukyds fr vkHkkj dV djrs gSaA ys[kdx.k Msjh lkj

Hkkx] jk"Vh; Msjh vuqlUkku laLFkku] djuky dsoSKkfudksa] mrjns'k ljdkj dsokjk.klh ,ao xkthiqj

ftysdsi'kqfpfdRlkfkdkfj;ksa,ao mudsvkhuLFk lHkhdeZpkfj;ksadsfr Hkh vkHkkj dV djrs gSaA ftUgksaus

losZ{k.k dsle; vewY; lg;ksx nku fd;kA

lUnHkZ

1- vkse dk'k flag] nhi dqekj flag] ih-dsflag]xqjest flag ,ao ,l ih ,l vgykor- 2006-dSVy tsusfVd fjlkslsZt vkQ bafM;k&xaxkrhjhAHkkvuqi dsi'kqvkuqoaf'kd lalkku ij usVodZifj;kstuk dsvarxZr dkf'krA

2- vKkr- 2007- 18oha i'kqx.kukA Hkkjr ljdkj ds

i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,ao eRL; foHkkx }kjk dkf'krAubZfnYyh (Hkkjr)A

3- ih ds flag]th dsxkSM+] vkj dsiqaMhj ,ao vorkjflag- 2007- dSjsDVjkbZts'ku ,aM bZosY;wos'ku vkQxaxkrhjh dSVy czhM+ bu bZVl usfVo VsDV- bafM;utuZy vkQ ,fuey lkbal 77(1)% 66&70-

4- iq"isU dqekj flag- 2013- lLVsusfcfyVh vkQxaxkrhjh czhM+ fj;kMZckbZMs;jh QkeZlZbu bLVuZ

mkj ns'k] ,u Mh vkj vkbZ djuky (gfj;k.kk)dh Lrqr ,e~oh,llh 'kks/k xzUFkA


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8

gekjsns'k esaHksM+ksadh dqy la[;k yxHkx 65-07fefy;ugS] ftlesals yxHkx 50fr'kr HksM+savof.kZr gSA ns'kdh vof.kZr ,oa de Kkr uLyksa dk v/;;u gekjslaLFkku dk egRoiw.kZ vax gSA blh rF; dks esutjj[krsgq, iatkc (Hkkjr) dh de Kkr uLy ^dtyh*dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA v/;;u djusdsfy, iatkc

ds lax:j] cjukyk] yqf/k;kuk] eksxk] fQjkstiqj ,aoHkfVaMk ftyksads47xkaoksa esalosZ{k.k fd;k x;kA losZ{k.kdsnkSjku iwoZfu/kkZfjr 'ukoyh dsvk/kkj ij dtyhHksM+ksadsca/ku] mi;ksfxrk] 'kkjhfjd cukoV ,ao mudsmRiknu Lrj lEcU/kh vkadM+ks dks ,df=r djus dsfy, o"kZ 2013ls2015dsnkSjku 67HksM+ ikydksalslk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k A

forj.k ,ao mi;ksfxrk

dtyh HksM+ dk forj.k eq[; :i ls iatkc (Hkkjr)dslax:j] cjukyk]yqf/k;kuk] eksxk ,ao vkl&ikl dsftyksaesagSA ;g HksM+ viuh 'kkjhfjd c


17/123

9

65%HksM+sa jkseu ukd okyh ikbZxbZA budsdkuyacsrFkk yVdsgq, gksrsgSaA nksuksa fyaxksesalhaxughagksrsgSa ysfdu dqN fdlkuksausujksesalhaxgksuk crk;k gSA bl HksM+ ds 'kjhj dk lokZf/kdHkkx u ls


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10

fp= 5 dtyh HksaM+dh vkokl O;LFkk

gSaA bUgsa fdlku [kqjidk&eqagidk] ,p-,l-] ikWDl ,ao

,UVsjksVkWDlhfe;k dsVhdsyxokrsgSaA bldsbykok dhM+sekjusdh nok Hkh fdlku fiyokrsgSaA eseuksaesaeR;qnjvkSlru 10%,ao o;Ld esa5%lsde gksrh gSA

tuu

bl uLy dh HksM+saeq[;r% tuojh lsekpZ,ao vxLrlsvwcj ekg esalo djrh gSaA nkslo dschp dkvUrjky yxHkx 8&12 ekg dk gksrk gSA eknk HksM+lkekU;r% 12&18ekg dh mezesatuu ;ksX; gkstkrhgSa A bl le; eknk dk 'kkjhfjd Hkkj 25&30fd-xzk- dkgksrk gSA lewg dk vkSlr ySfEcax fr'kr (cPpk tUeusdh nj) 80ls90fr'kr gksrk gSA lewg esayxHkx30eknk ij 1uj gksrk gSA vfkdrj HksM+ ikydksadsvuqlkj 5&10fr'kr HksM+sa tqM+ok eseuksadkstUe nsrhgSa A uj 12&15ekg esatuu ;ksX; gkstkrk gSA lHkhfdlku kfrd q.M esa fdlku uj dks2&3o"kZrd ;ksx

djrsagSa A eknk dks7&8o"kZdh mez dsi'pkr~csp fn;ktkrk gSA eseuksa dk tUe dsle; vkSlru 'kjhj Hkkj

yxHkx 3-92fd-xzk- gksrk gSA v/;;u lsLi"V gqvk gS

fd dtyh HksM+ ck 'kkjhfjd y{k.kksads vk/kkj ij

{ks= esaikbZtkusokyh vU; uLyksa ls fHkUu gSA miyC/kiqLrdksa,ao ikB lkefxz;ksa esaHkkjr esa ikbZtkusokyhdtyh HksM+ dsij lkfgR; yxHkx ux.; gS rFkkvHkh rd bldsfodkl dsfy, dksbZ dk;Ze Hkh ughapyk;k x;k gSA vr% bl ckr dh vko';drk gS dh blcgqewY; HksM+ dksyqIr gksusds iwoZbldk lqO;ofLFkrv/;;u] laj{k.k ,oa fodkl fd;k tk;s ,ao bldkuLy iathdj.k Hkh fd;k tk;sA

vkHkkjbl ifj;kstuk ds f;kUo;u gsrq vko';d lqfokkmiyC/k djkus gsrq ys[kdx.k funs'kd Hkkvuqi&jk-i-vk-la- C;wjks djuky ds fr vkHkkj O; djrsagSaA ys[kdx.k iatkc i'kqikyu foHkkx ds funs'kd] mifuns'kd] lax:j] cjukyk] yqf/k;kuk o eksxk ,ao bu ftyksadsvU; i'kqfpfdRldksa] HksM+bULisDVj ,ao lHkh deZpkfj;ksadsfr vkHkkj&O; djrsgSa ftUgksauslosZ{k.k dsnkSjku

i;kZIr lg;ksx nku fd;kA bldsvfrfj ge mu lHkhHksaM+ikydksadk Hkh vkHkkj O; djrsgSatkso"kkslsblegRoiw.kZHksaM+dksikyrsvk jgsgSaA


19/123

11

ckr pkgasnwk dh gks] pkgsa ekl dh] gekjsns'k dsxjhcfdlkuksadsfy, cdjh lscsgrj dksbZ nwljk i'kqughagSA vkt Hkh cdjh ikyu O;olk; fdlkuksa dks fuf'prvk; dk lkku gksus dslkFk&lkFk nwk ,oaekl dhikfjokfjd vko';drkvksadh Hkh iwfrZdjrk gSaA cdjhdsbUgh xq.kksa dsdkj.k blsxjhc dh xk; dgk tkrk

gSA Hkkjr esa ikbZ tkus okyh lHkh dkj dh dfBuokrkoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oamfpr vkgkj dsvHkko esaHkh cdfj;ksaesamRiknu djusdh foy{k.k {kerk gksrhgSA HksM+&cdjh dk thou pjkxkg esagh O;rhr gksrk gSAcdjh ikyu dk egRoiw.kZ,d vaax ;g Hkh gS fd ogekuo [kk| inkFkksij fuHkZj u jgdj Hkh ekuo miHkksxdsfy, mRiknu djrh gSaA

fp= 1- fljksgh cdjh ikyd

cdjh ikyu] NksVso lhekUr fdlkuksa] Hkwfeghu etnwjksa,oa xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds fy, thfodksiktZu dk ,dcgqewY; lkku gksusdslkFk&lkFk o"kZHkj jkstxkj dsvolj Hkh iznku djrk gSaA cdjh ikyu dksviukdjos viuh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dksdkQh gn rd lqkkj ldrsgS] D;ksafd cdjh&ikyu lsfuEu ykHk gSa&

cdjh ,d cgqi;ksxh i'kq gS blls nwk] ekl][kky] cky] [kkn vkfn kIr gksrs gSaA

bldk ekal vU; ekal dh rqyuk esavfkd ialnfd;k tkrk gSA

;g ,d ckj esa,d lsvfkd cPpsansldrh gSA

cgqr de [kpsZesa ikyh tk ldrh gSA

lky Hkj ifjokj dksjkstxkj nku djrh gSA

foijhr ifjfLFfr;ksaesaHkh mRiknu djusesal{kegSA

de iwth fofu;kstu dsukrsvkfFkZd #i lsfiNMhefgykvksa dsfy, cdjh ikyu ,d ojnku flgksldrk gS D;ksafd cM+si'kqvksadh rqyuk esa,defgyk Hkh bu i'kqvksads,d >q.M dh vklkuh lslkj&laHkky dj ldrh gSA

ns'k dh eq[k cdfj;ksadh uLyksa esals] fljksgh cdjhns'k ds mkjh&if'peh {ks= dh tkuh igpkuh uLygSA bldk mn~xe LFkku jktLFkku jkT; ds fljksghftyslsekuk tkrk gS ftldsuke ij bl uLy dkukedj.k gqvk gSA ;gk ls bl uLy dh cdfj;k jkT;dsvkZ&'kq"d {ksa=] vjkoyh igkfM+;ksa] e; ,oa nf{k.kh{ks= esaQSy xbZ gSaA fljksgh uLy dh cdjh jktLFkkujkT; lsyxus okysjkT; mkj ns'k] e; ns'k vkSj

jktLFkku dk xkSjo fljksgh cdjh o mldk ikyuv#.k dqekj] flkFkZ feJk] bUnzlsu pkSgku] ,l ,e dsudoh

Hkkvi&dsUnzh; HksM+,oau vuqlakku laLFkku] vfodkuxj&30450] (jkt-)


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12

xqtjkr esaHkh ikyh tk jgh gSaA fljksgh cdfj;k jkT;esanwk o ekal dsfy, ikyh tkrh gSo lclsvfkdilan dh tkusokyh cdjh gSA ej.kksijkUr Hkh bldh

[kky fofHkUu izdkj lsdke esayh tkrh gSA ;g xBsvkdkj okyh e;e pkbZdh ,d nqdkth cdjh dhuLy gSSA izk;% budk jax Hkwjk gksrk gSo dqN cdfj;ksads'kjhj ij gYdso xgjsjax dsHkwjslQsn kCcsHkhik;stkrs gSaA bl uLy dh cdfj;ksa esa xysds uhpsdyaxh] ,d ekaly Hkkx oSVy gksrk gS] tksbl uLydh ,d fo'ks"k igpku Hkh gSA budslhax vkerkSj lsNksVs?kqekonkj o ij dh vksj eqM+sgksrsgSaA ;g uLynwk ,oa ekal ds fy, ikyh tkrh gS ,oa i'kq ikyd

bl uLy dkscgqr ilan djrsgSA bldk eq[; dkj.kbldk pedrk gqvk jax] fn[kusesalkQ lqFkjh] lqanjo vPNh ek=k esa nwk vkSj ekal nsus dh {kerk gSA ;guLy viusvkSlru 180 fnuksa ds nqXkdky esa 140fdxzk- rd nwk nsnsrh gSA budk o"kZHkj esa 'kkjhfjdotu 28&30fdyksrd igqp tkrkA ;g jktLFkku ovkl&ikl dh tyok;qds fy, vfr mke uLy gSA

blesa de lsde chekfj;k gksrh gS vkSj ;g viuh [kk|vko';drk lkkkj.k taxyksa ,oaisM+ksadh ifk;ksalsiw.kZdj ysrh gSA fljksgh cdfj;k R;sd n`f"V lsvPNh gksus

dh otg ls bldks lHkh oxZds yksx ilan djrs gSavkSj viuh vko';drk dsvuqlkj ikyrsgSaA ;g uLyjkT; dsvyx&vyx {ks=ksa esavyx&vyx uke lstkuh tkrh gSa] vtesj ftysesaijcrljh] fljksgh ftysesa fljksgh vkSj nsox


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13

>q.>quw] t;iqj] Vksad] lokbekkksiqj] dksVk] jktlean]ckalokMk] mn;iqj vkfn ftyksa esa eq[; #i ls ik;h

tkrh gSA lkkkj.kr;k% fdlku 10&50 cdfj;ksa dksviuh vko';drk ;k lkkuksadh miyCkrk dsvuqlkjikyrs gSaA vfkdrj ;s cdfj;k pjkbZ ij gh ikyhtkrh gSA tksfdlku vkfFkZd n`f"V lslEiUu gksrsgS] ospjkbZdslkFk&lkFk fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksaesa nkuk pkjkHkh nsrsgSA tuu gsrquj cdjksadks1&2o"kksdsfy,cdfj;ksadkslkFk j[krs gSavkSj ckn esacny nsrsgSaAvfkdrj fdlku o"kZHkj esaeseuksadh ,d Qly ysukgh mfpr le>rsgSaA vPNh pjkbZ ,oa f[kykbZ&fiykbZ

ls12&15fr'kr cdfj;ksalsnkscPpsfey tkrsgSaAlkkkj.kr% fdlku vius ?kj dsfiNokMs+ esa ckM+ yxkgqvk ,d [kqyk ckM+k cuk ysrs gSavkSj blh esabudksj[krsgSA [kjkc ekSle] cjlkr vkfn lscpko dsfy,,d dPpk NIij Hkh Mky nsrsgSaA fljksgh uLy dsvPNsIk'kq ukxkSj] vtesj] nsox


22/123


14

fp= 4- o;Ld fljksgh cdjh

ihB lhkh] etcwr ,oaekaly gksA

v;u lqMkSy] cM+k] yphyk vkSj xkB jfgr] BhdlstqM+k gqvk gksrFkk ;g uhpsyVdusds ctk;vkxsdh rjQ gksuk pkfg, rkfd pjkbZdsnkSjkudkaVspqHkusdh leL;k u vk;sA

v;u nqX?k nksgu dsckn Ik;kZIr fldqM+usokyk rFkk

eqyk;e gksA Fku cM+s] xksykbZfy, gq,] eqyk;e]xkB jfgr o leku cukoV dsgksuspkfg,A nwkfudky ysusdsi'pkr~Lru eqyk;e rFkk yphysgkstkuspkfg,A

nqkk: cdjh dk cM+k vkdkj bl ckr dk ladsrnsrk gS fd i'kqviusthou fuokZg ,oamRiknu

gsrq vfkd vkgkj dk mi;ksx dj ldrk gSA'kjhj dsvkdkj esayackbZ] xgjkbZvkSj pkSM+kbZ dkfo'ks"k ;ksxnku gksrk gSA i'kqdslhusdk fupykHkkx dkQh xgjk gksuk pkfg, rFkk fiNyk HkkxvxysHkkx ls Hkkjh gksuk pkfg,A ,d vPNh cdjhds'kjhj ij rhu f=dks.k 'V'dh vkd`fr cuukxq.kdkjh ekuk tkrk gSA cdjh esa;g rhuksaf=dks.kftrusvfkd Li"V gksrs gSaog mruh gh nqkk:gksrh gSA

cxy dk f=dks.k: fiNysiSjksadsikl lokZfkdpkSM+k o xysdsikl lclsirykA

ij dk f=dks.k:iqVB~ksadse; vfkd pkSM+k odaksdsikl de pkSM+kA

lkeusdk f=dks.k:nksuksa vxysiSjksadse; lclsvfkd pkSM+k o daksdsikl de pkSM+k gksrk gSA

cdjh ikyu O;olk; eq[; :i lsns'k dsxjhc ,oalhekUr fdlkuksa] Hkwfeghu etnwjksa] i


23/123

15

ykHk ysldrk gS] vU;Fkk ^^de ykxr T;knk equkQk^^okyh dgkor mYVh iM+ ldrh gS] vFkkZr cdjh ikyd

dks vius ms'; ds vuqlkj cdjh dh vPNh uLyj[kuh pkfg, rFkk fQj mlds[kku&iku] j[k&j[kko oiztuu ij mfpr ;ku nsuk pkfg,A

vkokl O;oLFkk%igys xko esayksx ,d ;k dqN cdfj;kikyrsFks] ftllsog viusifjokj dh vko';drkvksadh nwk ,oa ekal dh iwfrZdj ysrsFksA bu cdfj;ksadksog yksx vius?kj esagh j[krsFksA vc cdjh ikyu ,dO;olkf;d :Ik ysrk tk jgk gSA

fp= 6- cdjh ikyu dh mi;ksfxrk

mkr cdjh ikyu ds fy;s jsoM+ dks lnhZ] xehZ ,oacjlkr lscpkusgsrq ekSle ds vuqdwy vkokl O;oLFkkdjuk vfr vko';d gSA vZ[kqyk ckM+k cdfj;ksadsvkokl gsrq ,d vkn'kZ O;oLFkk gSA jsoM+ ds fy,vko';d {ks=Qy dk


24/123


16

p;u djds] vuko';d cdjksadkscsp nsftllsmldksvkfFkZd ykHk gksxkA

fp= 7- fljksgh cdjk

cdjh dscPpksadh ns[kHkky%mfpr ns[kHkky dsvHkko esacPpksaesaizFke lIrkg dh vk;qls,d ekg dh vk;qrde`R;qnj 25&50izfr'kr rd igqap tkrh gSA cdjh dscPpsdkstUe dsIk'pkr lclsigyslkQ o lw[ksdiM+slslkQ

dj nsuk pkfg, ftllsog vPNh rjg lslkal ysldsaAcPpsdsuky dksmlds'kjhj lstqM+sgq, LFkku lsyxHkx3&4lseh- NksM+dj rst kkj okyspkdwlsdkVdj fVapjvk;ksfMu yxkuk pkfg,A esaeuksadsiSnk gksrsgh cdjh dkizFke nwk ([khl) fiykuk vko';d gSA cdjh dscPpksadksj[kusdk LFkku lkQ] lw[kk ,oagoknkj gksuk pkfg,A cPpksadksckM+sesaj[kuslsyxHkx 15fnu iwoZQ'kZdh de lsde 6bap [kqnkbZdjdsmlesapwuk vkSj ch-,p-lh- ikmMjfeyk nsuk pkfg,A ekSle vuqlkj cPpksadsvkokl esaBaMh

gok o BaM lscpko gsrqlw[kh ?kkl&Qwl dh fcNkou oNIij dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A cdjh dscPpksaesik;stkusokysvUr% ijthfo;ksadkslekIr djusdsfy;sfMofeZax ockg~; ijthfo;ksadksekjusdsfy;sfMfiax dh tkrh gSA hifeJ.k cdjh dscPpksads15fnu dh vk;qls3ekg dhvk;qrd fn;k tkrk gSA blesa16&18izfr'kr ikP; dPph

izksVhu] 70&72 izfr'kr dqy ikP; iks"kd rRo] [kfutfeJ.k ,oafoVkfeu Hkh mfpr ek=k esagksuk vko';d gSA

vkgkj O;oLFkk% i'kqvksa }kjk vfkd mRiknu rFkk mudsLoLFk thou fuokZg gsrq;g vfr vko';d gkstkrk gSfdmudh vkgkjh; O;oLFkk dk mfpr cUk gksvU;Fkk mudhvkgkjh; O;oLFkk esadghaij Hkh vkbZdeh dk i'kqvksadh of}rFkk mudsmRiknu ij frdwy Hkko iMrk gSA cdjh vius'kjhj dsotu dk 3&4fr'kr rd lw[kk inkFkZfrfnuvkjke lsxzg.k dj ldrh gS] ftlslw[kso gjspkjsrFkk nkuslsiwjk fd;k tkrk gSamnkgj.kkFkZ30fdyksxzke nsgHkkj okyhcdjh dks950ls1000xzke 'kq"d inkFkZdh vko';drk

gksrh gS ftls3-0ls3-5 fdyksxzke gjs pkjs (30 izfr'kr'kq"d inkFkZ) o 300xzke vukt }kjk iwjk fd;k tk ldrkgSA cdfj;ksadks?kwe&?kwe dj rFkk pqu&pqu dj >kfM+;ksa,oao{kksadh ifk;ksadksfiNyh Vkaxksaij [kMsagksdj [kkuk vR;Urf; gSA cdfj;kaviusHkkstuu dsfy, vfkdrj isM+ksadsiRrs] >kfM+;ksa ,oapjkxkg esa feyusokyh ?kklksaij fuHkZjdjrh gSvkSj ;g lc og pjkxkg esade lsde 10&15fdeh- frfnu ?kwe&?kwe dj kIr djrh gSA cdjh dqy pkjsdk 70&80izfr'kr fgLlk pkjkxkg lsizkIr djrh gS,oayxHkx ,d fdykspkjk o dqy nkusdh ek=k mudksckM+sij gh nh tkrh gSA cdfj;ksadsfy, isM+&ikSkksadh ifk;kaoQfy;ka] rktsgjso ksVhu ;q pkjsdk mke lkku gS] budksalq[kkdj Hkh cdfj;ksadksf[kyk;k tkrk gSA cdfj;ksadk ;gf; vkgkj gSA

fp= 8- izkfrd Hkkstu O;oLFkk


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17

fp= 9- ckM+sesaHkkstu O;oLFkk

jksxksadh jksdFkke%jksdFkke mipkj lsmke gS bldgkor dk Hkko ;g gSfd viusIk'kqvksadspkjksvksj,d ,slk lqj{kk dop cukuk pkfg, fd ftlesa jksxmRik djusokysdkjd jsoM+ lsnwj jgsasA bl uLy dhcdjh cgqr gh LoLF; rFkk pqLr gksrh gSA jksxksalscpkods fy, le; ij jksx fujkskd Vhdsyxokukvko';d gSA [kkt] tw] phpM+ vkSj bulsmRik ihfy;kjksx dh jksdFkke ds fy, o"kZesa2ckj nok dsikuh

lsLuku djkuk vfr vko';d gSA ckM+ksadh fu;ferlQkbZ o mudksdhVk.kq jfgr j[kuk pkfg;sA o"kZ esadelsde ,d ckj ckM+s dh feV~Vh [kqnokdj cny nsukpkfg;svkSj mlesapwuk feyk nsuk pkfg;so nhokjksaijiSjkfFk;ku vkfn dk cqjdko rFkk dHkh&dHkh uhe dhifk;ksadk kqvk Hkh dj nsuk pkfg,A dqN le; rdi'kqvksadksbl rjg dsckMs+ esaughaj[kuk pkfg, ,slkdjuslsckM+sdh feV~Vh esamifLFkr lHkh dhVk.kqiw.kZ#i lslekIr gkstk;sxsaA

NksVs iSekus ij cdjh ikyu ifj;kstuk dk vkfFkZdfo'kys"k.k%

vkt c


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18

[kkn dh dher % ` 1000

bl izdkj dqy vk; % ` 1]26]000

o"kZ ds var esa'k ykHk % ` 126000& 71000

% ` 55]000

bl izdkj ,d fucZy ifjokj ;fn ` 50]000cSad ls.k ysdj 10xfHkZr 'khkzC;kusokyh cdfj;k [kjhndj ikyrk gSrkso"kZdsvar eas` 55]000dk 'kq ykHkfey ldrk gSA bl izdkj nSfud dk;ksZesafcuk :dkoVdsbl o;olk; lsvfrfjDr vk; izkIr dj ldrkgSrFkk csjkstxkjh Hkh de gkstkrh gSA ;fn ,sslh uLy

dk pquko fd;k tk;sftlesa eknk ,d lsvfkd cPpsdkstUe nsa] ftudk nwk ,oaekl mRiknu vfkd gks

o cPpksa esa e`R;qnj de gksrksvfkd ykHk izkIr fd;ktk ldrk gSA

cdjh ikyu ij ykxr de vk;sbldsfy, t:jh gSpkjsij vkusokyh ykxr dksde fd;k tk;sA bldsfy, ,sslspkjs&nkusiz;ksx fd;stk;stksfdlku dsikl;k xko esavklkuh lsmiyCk gksao mudh [kjhnnkjh,slsle; dh tk;stc osrqyukRed :Ik lslLrh njij fey ldrsagksA Ik'kqvksadkspjkxkg] vuqitk ,oacatj Hkwfe;ksaij 6&7?kUVsdh pjkbZdjk dj ikyukvkfFkZd n`f"V lsykHknk;d jgrk gSA bldslkFk gh ;fncdjh ikyd viusifjokj ds lnL; dkspjokgk j[krk

gSrksog pjokgsvkfn dk [kpZHkh cpk ldrk gaSA


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19

xkk ,d 'kehZyk o esgurh tkuoj gSA bldh dfBuekxksij vklkuh lso fcuk fQlyspyusdh fo'ks"krkds dkj.k bls] fo'ks"kdj nqxZe vkSj igkM+h {ks=ksa esa]cks>k


28/123


20

budh dakksrd apkbZ uj o eknk i'kqvksaesae'k%88-593-27vkSj 88-653-30ls-eh- gksrh gSA 'kjhj

dh yEckbZ uj o eknk tkuojksa esa 91-12-88vkSj90-962-52ls-eh- gksrh gSA Nkrh dh ifjfk 100-55-02(uj) vkSj 98-584-23(eknk) ls-eh- gksrh gSAiwaN dh yEckbZuj o eknk i'kqvksaesae'k% 54-217-63vkSj 55-569-26ls-eh- gksrh gSA iwaN dsNksj ijfLFkr ckyksadsxqPNsdh yEckbZvis{kkr vfkd gksrhgS] ijUrq iwjh iwaN ij yacscky gksusdsdkj.k ;g Li"V:i lsughafn[krk gSA

o;Ld uj o eknk i'k qvks a dk vuqekfur Hk kj e'k%75-129-57 o 75-699-85 fd-xzk- gksrk gSAvfkdrj 'kkjhfjd ekiksa esa uj o eknk i'kqvksa esalka f[;dh n`f "V ls vfHkO; atd varj ugh a gksrk gSAdsoy vxyh Vkax ds e; Hkkx (dSuu) dh ifjfk vkSj[kqjks a dh ifjfk esa uj o eknk i'k qvks a e sa vfHkO;atd(P


29/123

21

rkfydk 1% Lihfr iztkfr ds o;Ld x/kksads'kkjhfjd eki dk fooj.k

'kjhj dk eki uj eknk

vkSlrl-Ms- (lsa-eh-) vUrjky (lsa-eh-) vkSlrl-Ms- (lsa-eh-) vUrjky (lsa-eh-)'kjhj dh yEckbZ 91-12-88 86&97 90-962-52 85&45

dUkksij apkbZ 88-593-27 84&95 88-653-30 80&94

Nkrh dh ifjfk 100-55-02 90&115 98-584-23 90&107

xnZu dh yEckbZ 31-12-21 27&36 30-151-52 28&33

eqag dh yEckbZ 32-11-47 29&35 31-51-03 30&34

dku dh yEckbZ 21-391-13 19&23 21-50-81 20&23

iwaN dh yEckbZ 54-217-63 39&68 55-69-26 37&70

dSuu dh yEckbZ (v-Vk-) 19-930-84 18&21 19-960-77 19&22dSuu dh yEckbZ(fi-Vk-) 26-11-35 23&28 26-41-0 24&28

dSuu dh ifjfk (v-Vk-)* 12-040-71 11&13 11-570- 10&13

dSuu dh ifjfk (fi-Vk-) 12-790-85 11&14 12-70-92 11&14

iSLVu dh yEckbZ (v-Vk-) 8-660-72 7&10 8-620-57 8&10

iSLVu dh yEckbZ (fi-Vk-) 8-680-56 8&10 8-60-65 8&10

iSLVu dh ifjfk (v-Vk-) 11-510-85 10&13 11-270-78 10&13

iSLVu dh ifjfk (fi-Vk-) 12-361-21 10&15 11-941-61 10&15

[kqj dh yEckbZ(v-Vk-)5-830

-54 5

&7 5

-730

-45 5

&6

[kqj dh yEckbZ(fi-Vk-) 5-530-51 5&6 5-450-5 5&6

[kqj dh ifjfk (v-Vk-)* 20-91-01 19&23 20-251-03 18&22

[kqj dh ifjfk (fi-Vk-)* 20-672-02 18&26 19-181-13 17&21

vuqekfur Hkkj (fd-xzk-) 75-129-57 58-35&99-84 75-79-85 54-35&103-1v-Vk-& vxyh Vkax] fi-Vk-&fiNyh Vkax] l-Ms-& LVSaMMZ Msfo,'ku] *uj o~ eknk esa vfHkO;atd varj (P


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22

NRrhlx


31/123

23

fp= 3- ck[kksa ds iSj dsizdkj

,d o;Ld ukx gal ck[k ds 'kjhj ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dk

eki rkfydk 1esavafdr gSArkfydk 1% 'kjhj dsfofHkUu Hkkxksadk fooj.k

1- xnZu dh yEckbZ 3-78bap

2- o{kLFky dh pkSM+ kbZ 5-18bap

3- da/ks dh yEckbZ 5-15bap

4- dhy dh gM~Mh 5-47bap

5- o;Ld ck[k ds'kjhj dkotu

2& 3fd-Xkzk

ck[kksadk iSj izk;% f>Yyhnkj(webbed)gksrk gSA ukxgal ck[kksa ds f>Yyhnkj iSjksa ij dkys] ihys] gYdslQsn o Hkwjsjaxksadsfu'kku ;k /kCcsik, tkrsgSaA

ukx gal ck[k dsvaMksadk HkkSfrd ewY;kadu

,d o;Ld ukx gal ck[k ,d vaMk nsusdsp esa(laying cycle) 35&55vaMsnsrh gSA ,d p esa10&12vaMsds ckn ukx gal ck[k 2ls3 fnuksa dk foPNsn

ysrh gSA ,d o;Ld eknk ukx gal ck[k izk;% lky HkjvaMsnsrh gSA ukx gal ck[k izk;% lqcg ;k jkf= dky esa

vaMs nsrh gSA ukx gal ck[kksadsvaMs dsfofHkUu ekin.Mbl izdkj gSa%

rkfydk 2% ukx gal ck[kksadsvaMksads ekin.M1- vaMsdk otu 63xzke2- vaMsdk jax gYdk lQsn] eVeSyk

(dusty white)

3- vaMksadh pkSM+kbZ 3-980-05ls-eh4- vaMksadh yEckbZ 5-980-04ls-eh5- vaMk vkdkj lwpd

(egg shape index)66-320-73ls-eh-

fp= 4- ukx gal ck[k ds eVeSysjax ds vaMs

fp= 5- ukx gal ck[k ds gYdslQsn jax dsvaMs


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24

Hkkjr dh yxkrkj c


33/123

25

i'kqlsadghavf/kd gSA tutkrh; lekt esafeFkqu dkekl jkstejkZesa ugha izkIr gksrk gSA bldk ekl dsoy

egRoiw.kZ lkekftd vk;kstuksa ,oa fo'ks"k ioks ij ghfcdrk gSA blds ekl dh miHkksDrkvksa esa ekax cgqrgS,oabldk ekal] vR;f/kd izpfyr lqvj ekal ,oavU; i'kqekal dh vis{kk vR;f/kd uje ,oaLokfn"Vekuk tkrk gSA fofHkUu vk;q oxksZ esa feFkqu esa MSflaxizfr'kr ikusds fy, feFkqu dks4&5o"kZvk;q esao/kfd;k tkusdk lq>ko fn;k tkrk gSA feFkqu ls1&1-5yhVj nw/k izfrfnu izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldsnw/kdk fo'ys"k.k djusij vU; i'kqvksadsnw/k dh rqyuk

esavfkd olk (8&13%)] Bksl&yo.k (18&24%) rFkkizksVhu (5&7%) rRo feyrsgSaA vr% bu ioZrh; {ks=ksaesa?kjsyw [kir dsfy, vPNsnw/k izkfIr dsfy, feFkquls dkQh laHkkouk,a gSA pwfd feFkqu ds nw/k esa olkrFkk izksVhu dh ek=k vR;f/kd ik;h tkrh gS] vr%bldsnw/k dk mi;ksx fofHkUu ewY; laof/kZr inkFkkstSlsiuhj] ?kh] he] eD[ku] ngh] fofHkUu izdkj dsfe"Bkuvkfn cukusdk lQyrkiwoZd iz;ksx Hkkvuqi&jk"Vh;feFkqu vuqlakku sUnz] ukxkySaM esafd;k tk pqdk gSAfeFkqu dh [kky dh xq.kokk ikjEifjd xk; dh [kkydh rqyuk esamRd`"V ik;h x;h gSA bldh [kky }kjkjk"Vh; feFkqu vuqlakku sUnz esa dbZ mi;ksxh phtksdksizk;ksfxd rkSj ij lQyrkiwoZd fuekZ.k fd;k x;k]ftuesatwrs] ilZ] cSx] pkHkh dk xqPNk ,oavU; dbZphtsa'kkfey gSaA

orZeku ikyu iz.kkyh

orZeku esafeFkqu leqnzh ry ls300ls3000eh- dhpkbZrd okysLFkkuksaesaikyk tkrk gSA bls fo'ks"k:i ls eqDr pj.k fLFkfr esa ikyk tkrk gSA viusvkgkj dsfy, feFkqu eq[;r% taxyh pkjs] o`{kksa] >kfM+;ksa

vkSj izkd`frd :i ls ik;h tkusokyh ouLifr;ksadhifk;ksa dks [kkrs gSaA fdlku bUgsa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk

vfrfjDr vkgkj ughansrsgSa] gkykfd dHkh&dHkkj osmUgsaued nsrsgSa] fo'ks"kdj ,slsle; tc mUgsa dqNms';ksa ds fd, vyx&vyx djuk gks ;k fu;af=rj[kuk gksA i'kqikyd feFkquksa dks lkeqnkf;d >qaM ds:i esaioZrh; taxyksesa j[krsgSavkSj xzke ifj"kn i'kqpjokgksdksmudsi'kqvksa dh ns[kHkky dk dk;ZlkSairhgSA O;kogkfjd :i ls;spjokgs i'kqvksa dh ns[k Hkkydk lkjk mkjnkf;Ro laHkkyrs gSa] fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k dsi'kqvksadh igpku djrsgSa] rFkk vkl&ikl dh [ksrh dksuqdlku igqapkuslsi'kqvksadksjksdrsgSaA fdlku viuhvko';drk dsle; taxy lsbu i'kqvksadks okilykusdsfy, pjokgksadh lgk;rk ysrsgSaA eqDr pj.k dsvarxZr fdlku dHkh&dHkh viusi'kqvksadks,d igkM+hlsnwljh igkM+h ij ystkdj exr :i lsHkh mUgsapjkusdk dke djrsgSaA

orZeku ifjos'k esa] oU; {ks=ksadk rhozxfr ls?kVuk ,oapkjkxkg {ks=ks esa fujarj deh ls i'kqikyu ij dkQh

izHkko iM+k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa feFkqu dh tula[;k esac


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26

ns'k esaHksM+ dh 40of.kZr uLysagSaA cM+h la[;k esa ns'k esaHksM+ gksusdsIk'pkr Hkh yxHkx 50izfr'kr Ik'kqvof.kZriztkfr ds gsaSaA HksM+ dh vfkdka'k uLysa izkd`frd :Iklsd`f"k tyok;q iz{ks= vuqlkj fodflr gqbZ gSa vkSjlkekU;r% bu uLyksadk ukedj.k budh mRifRr LFkku,oafof'k"V y{k.kksa dsvkkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA

HksM+ dh uLyksadksfuEufyf[kr izdkj lsoxhZd`r fd;ktk ldrk gS%

1- Hkkjr dsfofHkUu d`f"k ekSleh {ks=ksadsvuqlkjA

2- mudsmRiknu o xq.kkeZdsvuqlkjA

xn~nh

xn~nh HksM+ tEew,oa d'ehj izkUr dstEew{ks=] fgekpyizns'k dsjkeuxj] mkeiqj] dqYyw ,oadkaxM+k ?kkfV;ksaesa,oamRrjk[k.M dsuSuhrky Vsgjh x


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27

iwaNh

;g tEewizkUr dsiaqN ,oajktkSjh ftysdsdqN Hkkxkasesa

ik;h tkrh gSaA Ik'kqxn~nh uLy dsleku gkssrsgSaA ysfduvkdkj esaNksVsgksrsgSaA ;g vfkdka'kr% lQsn gksrsgSaftlesapsgjk Hkh lfEefyr gksrk gSrFkk bu ij Hkwjs,oagYdskCcsHkh ik;s tkrsgSaA dku e;e vkdkj dk gksrkgSA iwaN NksVh ,oairyh gksrh gSA iSj Hkh NksVs gksrsgSaAftllsvkdkj NksVk fn[kk;h iM+rk gSA

djukg

;g uLy mRrjh d'ehj ds igkM+h {ks= ds djukg

rglhy esa ik;h tkrh gSA Ik'kqcM+sgksrsgSa ujksa esacM+heqM+h gq;h lhax ik;h tkrh gSrFkk mHkjh gqbZukd ik;htkrh gSA u dk jax lkekU;r% lQsn gksrk gSA

pkaxFkkaxh

;g uLy yn~nk[k dspkaxFkkax {ks= esa ik;h tkrh gSA Ik'kqlqxfBr 'kjhj okysgksrsgSa tksfd cM+h lajpuk dsvPNsu ls


36/123


28

3- ;g ekal ds fy, ikyh tkrh gS,ao eksVsu okyhgksrh gStksnf{k.k iwohZ {ks=ksaifyrkuk dsvklikl

ik;h tkrh gSAfrCcru

;g uLy v:.kkapy izns'k ds desax ftyk ,oa mRRkjhflDde esaik;h tkrh gSA Ik'kqe;e vkdkj dsgksrsgSaAvfkdka'k Ik'kqlQsn dslkFk dkys;k Hkwjspsgjsokys,oa'kjhj ij Hkwjs,oalQsn kCcsik;stkrsgSaA uj ,oaeknk nksuksesalhax ik;stkrsgSaA ukd mRry gksrh gSA tksfd fo'ks"k izdkjdh jkseu ukd fn[krh gSA dku NksVs] pkSM+svkSj yVdrsgq;s

gksrsgSaA mnj iSj ,oapsgjsu jfgr gksrsgSaAPkksdyk

;g uLy jktLFkku dspq:] >qa>uw] chdkusj] t;iqj,oaukxkSj ftysesaik;h tkrh gSaA NksVslse;e vkdkjdsIk'kqpsgjsij lkekU;r% u ugha gksrh gSA yky Hkwjkjax tksfd xnZu dse; rd QSyk gksrk gS,oapeM+hxqykch gksrh gSA dku NksVslsysdj e;e yEckbZokys,oauyhnkj gksrsgSaA uj ,oaeknk nksukslhax jfgr gksrs

gsSA iwwaN iryh ,oae;e yEckbZ okyh gksrh gSA cky?kus ,oavis{kkd`r irysgksrsgSatksfd mnj ,oaiSjksadsvfkdka'k Hkkx dks qa>uq ftys] gfj;k.kk dsnf{k.k fglkj ,oajksgrd ftysbl uLy dsx`g LFkkugSa bl uLy ds Ik'kq e;e vkdkj ds gksrs gSaA psgjkgYdk Hkwjk] peM+h xqykch gksrh gSA uj ,oa eknk nksukslhax jfgr gksrsgSaA iwaN NksVh lh e;e vkSj iryh gksrhgSA dku yEck ,oa iRrh dh Hkkafr gksrk gSA flj mnj ,oaVkaxsu ls


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29

gksrk gSA dku esalekU;r% mikfLFkva'k ik;k tkrk gSAiwaN yEch ,oairyh gksrh gSA uj ,oa eknk lhax jfgr

gksrs gSaA v;u vPNh rjg ls fodflr gksrh gSA ulQsn] vR;fkd eksVh gksrh gS] mnj o Vkaxsu jfgrgksrh gSaA

eqtQjuxjh

Xk`g LFkku&m-iz- ds eqtQjuxj] cqyUn'kgj]lgkjuiqj] esjB] fctukSj] nsgjknwu ftysvkSj fnYyhvkSj gfj;k.kk ds HkkxA Ik'kqe;e lscM+svkdkj dsgksrsgSaA psgjsdh lrg gYdh mRry gksrh gSA psgjk ,oa

'kjhj lQsn gksrk gSrFkk dgha&dgha ij Hkwjs,oa dkyspdRrsik;stkrsgSaA dku dHkh&dHkh dkysgkssrsgsaSA ujesadHkh&dHkh vof'k"V NksVs lhax ik;stkrs gSaA dkuyEcs ,oaufydknkj] iwaN viokn Lo:i cgqr yEchrFkk QsVykd rd igqWaprh gSA u lQsn eksVh ,oa[kqyhgqbZgksrh gSA

TkkykSuh

Xk`g LFkku&m-iz- dstkykSu] >kalh vkSj yfyriqj ftysA

Ik'kqe;e vkdkj dsgksrsgSA uj ,o eknk nksukslhaxjfgr] dku cM+s] yEcs] likV ,oaufydknkj gksrsgSaAiwaN iryh ,oae;e vkdkj dh gksrh gSA u eksVh]NksVh o [kqyh gqbZgksrh gSA

nDduh

Xk`g LFkku& egkjk"V] vkWkzizns'k vkSj dukZVdA Ik'kqe;evkdkj dk jax lQsn rFkk dkyk fpUgksa;qDr gksrk gSdkue;e] likV ,oayVdrsgq;sgksrsgSaA iwaN NksVh ,oairyhgksrh gSA Ik'kqesaxy dEcy ik;k tkrk gSA

csYykjh

Xk`g LFkku& dukZVd dk fcYykjh ftykA i'kq e;evkdkj ds gksrsgSA 'kjhj dk jax lQsn ,oadkyk ,oablesadbZizdkj dslatksx okyk gksrk gSA ,d frgkbZ ujlhax okyso eknk,salkekU;r% lhaax jfgr gksrh gSaA dku

e;e] likV ,oayVdsgksrsgsSaA iwaN NksVh o iryh gksrhgSA u cgqr eksVh] ckyksa okyh ,oa [kqyh gksrh gSA

gklu

Xk`g LFkku& dukZVd dk gklu ftykA Ik'kqNksVk 'kjhjokyk lQsn rFkk gYds Hkwjs vFkok dkys kCcksa okykgksrk gsSA dku e;e rFkk yEcs,oa>qdsgq;sgksrsgSaA 39izfr'kr uj lhax okysgksrs gSaA eknk lQsn gksrh gSA ucgqr eksVh ,oa[kqyh gksrh gSA

ekaM~;k

Xk`g LFkku& dukZVd dk ekaM;k ftykA Ik'kq vis{kkd`rNksVk] jax lQsn gksrk gSA fdUrqdqN Ik'kqvksa espsgjkgYdk] Hkwjk tksfd xnZu rd QSyk gksrk gSA 'kjhj xBkgqvk fof'k"V :Ik ls i`"B Hkkx ^^;w** vkd`fr okyk gksrkgSA dku yEcsiRrh dh rjg yVdrsgq;s] iwaN NksVh ,oairyh gksrh gSA uj ,oa eknk nksuksalhax jfgr rFkk budhpeM+h cgqr eksVh ,oacky ;qDr gksrh gSA

Ekspsjh

Xk`g LFkku& rfeyukMqdslsye ,oadks;ECVwj ftysA

Ik'kq e;e vkdkj dk gksrk gSA jax gYdk Hkwjk] dkue;e vkdkj dsrFkk uj ,oa eknk nksuks lhax jfgr gksrsgSaA iwaN NksVh ,oairyh o 'kjhj cgqr NksVsckyksals


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30

yky gksrk gSA dku e;e vkdkj dsrFkk iwaN NksVh ,oairyh gksrh gSA

dks;EcVwj

Xk`g LFkku& rfeyukMqdsdks;EcVwj ,oaenqjSb ftysAIk'kqe;e vkdkj dk lQsn jax okyk gksrk gS] fdUrqdkys ,oaHkwjskCcsHkh ik;s tkrsgSaA dku e;e vkdkjdsrFkk ckgj ,oa ihNsdh vksj eqM+sgksrsgSA iwaaN NksVh,oairyh gksrh gSA 30izfr'kr uj lhax jfgr gksrsgSaAu lQsn eksVh o ckyksa;qDr gksrh gSA

jkeukn

Xk`g LFkku&rfeukMq dk jkeukn ftykA Ik'kq e;evkdkj dk] izeq[k :Ik lslQsn jax fdUrqdqN Ik'kq dkys,oaHkwjsjax dsfpUgksaokysgksrsgSaA dku e;e vkdkjdsvkSj ckgj ,oa uhpsdh vksj eqM+s gq;s gksrs gsSaA uj?kqekonkj lhax okysgksrsgSaA iwaN NksVh ,oa iryh gksrh gSA

Eknzkl jsM

Xk`g LFkku& rfeyukMqdsenzkl] Fkh:oywj] dkaphiqje]osYyksj ,oadqn~nkyksj ftysA 'kjhj dk jax izkku :Ik

lsHkwjk ,oamldh rhozrk gYdsHkwjsyky lsysdj xgjsHkwjsjax dh gksrh gSA dqN Ik'kqvksadsflj] tka?k dsHkhrjh

,oa fupysHkkx ,oafupysmnj ij lQsn fpUg gksrsgsaSaAuj esa etcwr] >qjhZnkj ,oa ?kqekonkj lhax ik;stkrsgSaAeknk lhaax jfgr gksrh gSA 'kjhj NksVsckyksalsqdsgksrsgSaA iwaNNksVh ,oa iryh gksrh gSA u iwjh rjg lseksVh ckyksaokyh gksrh gSA

dsaxwjh

Xk`g LFkku&dukZVd dk jk;pwj ftykA e;e vkdkj dkIk'kqA izk;% 'kjhj dk jax xgjk Hkwjk ,oalQsn lsdkysjax;qDr gksrk gS] fdUrqfofHkUu izdkj dsjax ;qDr Ik'kqHkhik;stkrsgSaA uj lhax ;qDr o eknk lhax jfgr gksrh gSA


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iksYVh nqfu;k Hkj esa ksVhu ds Lohdk;Z :i esa ikyhtkrh gSA iksYVh mRiknksa (vaMk ,ao ekal) dh ekax esayxkrkj o`f gksjgh gSD;ksafd bu mRiknksadk iks"kdewY; ,oa O;kid Lohdk;Zrk vU; i'kq ksVhukasdh rqyukesadghavfkd gS ,ao mRiknu ykxr de gSA Hkkjr dkfo'o esa vaMk mRiknu (56vjc vaMs) esarhljk rFkkczkW;yj mRiknu esa(2-6fefy;u Vu) ikapok LFkku gSAvaMsdh fr O;f fr o"kZmIyCkrk 55vkSj czkW;kyjekal dh 1-9 fd-xzk- gS tks fd vkbZ-lh-,e-vkj- dhflQkfj'k (vaMk&180] czkW;yj ekal&10-8fd-xzk- frO;f fr o"kZ) lscgqr de gSA ;g Hkh ;ku nsus dkfo"k; gSfd 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa[kir 100vaMso 1-2fd-xzk- ekal fr O;f izfr o"kZgStcfd blls foijhrxko esa;gh [kir 15vaMs o 0-15 fd-xzk- ekal frO;f fr o"kZgSA vr% xzkeh.k {ks=ksaesaiksYVh mRiknksadh

miyCkrk dksdq'ky xzkeh.k iksYVh mRiknu .kkyh dsfodkl }kjk lqkkjusdh vR;ar vko';drk gSD;ksafdns'kh if{k;ksadh mRiknu {kerk de gSA vr% le; dhekax ,slh mUur fdLesafodflr djusdh gStksfd deiks"k.k vko';drk dslkFk&lkFk fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esavPNk n'kZu Hkh dj ldsaA

Hkkjr ,d fo'kky ns'k gS tgk eqxhZ ikyu dk ,dkphu bfrgkl gSA yxHkx 5400o"kZ iwoZtaxyh eqxhZls ikyrweqxhZ (xSyl xSyl) dk fodkl mn~ns';iw.kZ

tuu dsek;e lsgqvk FkkA ;gk ij ik;stkusokyhfHkUu&fHkUu i;kZoj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dsdkj.k vusd ns'khuLysafodflr gqbZ gSaA ijUrqns'kh if{k;ksadh yksdf;rkesayxkrkj fxjkoV vk jgh gS] ftldk dkj.k mudhde mRiknd {kerk] czwMhusl] 'kjhj rFkk vaMksdk NksVkvkdj rFkk nsj lsgksusokyh ;kSu ifjiDork gSA fiNys

n'kd dsnkSjku dbZvU; fodkl'khy ns'kksadh rjggekjs ns'k esa Hkh i'kq ksVhu dh ekax esa o`f gqbZ gSAbldks iwjk djusdsfy, xgu mRiknu dks,d vuqdwymik; ds:i esans[kk tk jgk gSD;ksafd iksYVh ns'k dsfofHkUu okrkoj.k dsvuqdwy Lo;a dksdkQh gn rd


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3- de 'kkjhfjd otu] yEch Vkaxs] Nqiusdk LoHkko]lrdZrk o vkedrk ds dkj.k vkRej{kk dk

xq.kA4- frdwy vkokl] caku o [kku iku dh fLFkfr esa

Hkh jg ldusdh {kerkA

5- Lons'kh if{k;ksa dh fons'kh if{k;ksa dh vis{kkksVkstksvk ,ao ck ijthfo;ksads fy, frjksk{kerk] ftldsQyLo:i LokLF; ns[kHkky dhde vko';drkA

6- ns'k esaikbZ tkus okyh pje tyok;qifjfLFkfr;ksa

dsfr vuqdwyu {kerkA7- ns'kh eqfxZ;ksa dsekal esa ,feuks,flM (vkWjthuhu

,ao ykbZflu) dh cgqyrkA bldsvfrfj Lokn]jatdrk] de olk ,ao dqN fo'ks"k O;atuksa dsfy,mi;q gksus dsdkj.k izk;% vfkd dher gksukA

8- ns'kh eqfxZ;ksadsHkwjs [kksynkj vaMksesa,feuks,flM(Fkzhvksuhu o osfyu) dh vfkdrk gksrh gSrFkk[kkl Lokn dsdkj.k bUgsa vf/kd dher feyrh

gSA

ns'kh eqfxZ;ksa dh uLysa

1- vadysj%xqtjkr ds Hk:p vkSj ueZnk ftyksaesaforfjr gSaA bu if{k;ksadks eq[; :i lsekal vkSjvaMsdsfy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA i{kh dk jaxeqfxZ;ksaesadkyk xksYMu gStcfd eqxksaZesalqugjkihyk gSA dyxh yky gS vkSj ,dy ;k xqykcdkj dh gSA uj vkSj eknk i{kh dk vkSlr otu

e'k% 1-76vkSj 1-49fd-xzk- gSA vkSlr okf"kZdvaMk mRiknu 79gSA

2- vlhy% vPNh rjg ls viuh rh{.krk] mPp'kf] eStsfLVd pky vkSj gBh yM+usdsxq.kksadsfy, tkuk tkusokyk ,d [ksy i{kh gSA Nkhlx


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gksrk gSA vaMsdk vkSlr Hkkj 40xzke dsyxHkxgksrk gSA

7- gfju?kVk CySd%;g uLy ekal vkSj vaMsnksuksadsfy, mi;q gSA bldk forj.k {ks= if'pe caxkydk ukfn;k ftyk gSA i{kh dk jax dkyk] eqxhZdkvkSlr Hkkj 1-120-02 fd-xzk] eqxsZ dk vkSlrHkkj 1-280-06fd-xzk- vkSj vaMsdk vkSlr Hkkj36-531-07xzk- gksrk gSA

8- dM+dukFk% if'pe e/; ns'k esa ikbZ tkusokyh bl uLy dks >kcqvk vkSj /kkj ftysds

vkfnokfl;ksa}kjk ikyk tkrk gSA bl uLy dhfo'ks"krk bldsvkrafjd vaxksdk dkys jax dkgksuk gSA esysfuu fixesaV dsteko~dsdkj.k ghvaxksdk jax dkyk gkstkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fdvke Hkk"kk esabu eqfxZ;ksa dksdkykeklh dsukelsHkh tkuk tkrk gSA eqxsZdk vkSlr otu 1-6rFkk eqxhZdk 1-13fd-xzk- gksrk gSA okf"kZd vaMkmRiknu yxHkx 80rFkk vaMsdk Hkkj 40xzkegksrk gSA

9- dkyLFkh% bl uLy dks eq[;r% vkU/kz ns'k dsfpkwj] usYyksj rFkk dqMIikg ftyksaesaik;k tkrk gSAbu if{k;ksadkseq[;r% ekal dsfy, ikyrsgSaA gkykfdyM+usdsfy, Hkh dHkh&dHkh budk ;ksx gksrk gSAi{kh dk jax vf/kdka'kr% Hkwjk vkSj FkksM+k dkykiufy, gksrk gSA eqxsZrFkk eqfxZ;ksadk vkSlr otu e'k%2-48,ao 1-85fd-xzk- gksrk gSA vkSlr okf"kZd vaMkmRiknu 34dsvkl&ikl vkSj ,d vaMsdk vkSlrotu 43xzk- rd gksrk gSA

10- dk'ehj QsojksYyk% bl uLy ds i{khtEew&d'ehj kUr ds vuarukx] ckjkeqyk]cM+xke] dqiokM+k] Jhuxj vkSj iqyokek ftyksaesamiyC/k gSaA if{k;ksadksekal ,ao vaMk mRiknunksuksadsfy, ikyk tkrk gSA i{kh fefJr jax dsrFkk dyxh ,dy o yky jax dh gksrh gSA o;Ld

eqxsZdk otu vkSlru 1-88rFkk eqxhZdk 1-41fd-xzk- gksrk gSA fro"kZvaMk mRiknu 60&85rFkk

vaMsdk vkSlr Hkkj 45-7xzke gksrk gSA11- fejh% bl uLy ds i{kh eq[;r% vklke ds

f?kekth] mkjh y[kheiqj] f'kolkxj] fMC#xkSyh vkbySaM esa ik,tkrsgSaA budksekal ,ao vaMk mRiknu nksuksa dsfy, ikyk tkrk gSA budk jax eq[;r% lQsn gksrkgSA eqxsZrFkk eqxhZdk vkSlr Hkkj e'k% 1-53,ao1-06 fd-xzk- gksrk gSA okf"kZd vaMk mRiknu 62vkSj vkSlr Hkkj 42xzk- gksrk gSA

12- fudksckjh%bl uLy dsif{k;ksadks fudksckj }hilewg ,ao vaMeku dsdqN }hiksaesaik;k tkrk gStgkbudkseq[;r% vUMksds fy, ikyrsgSaA budk jaxHkwjk&eVeSyk gksrk gSA T;knkrj ,dy yky jax dhdyxh ikbZtkrh gSA eqxsZrFkk eqxhZdk vkSlr Hkkje'k% 1-80rFkk 1-33fd-xzk- gksrk gSA okf"kZd vaMkmRiknu 112 ls 237 rd gkstkrk gSA vaMksa dkvkSlr otu yxHkx 49xzk- gksrk gSA

13- iatkc czkmu% iatkc ,ao gfj;k.kk esa ikbZtkusokyh bl uLy dksvaMk ,ao ekal nksuksdsfy,gh ikyk tkrk gSA i{kh dk jax vf/kdrj Hkwjk odyxh yky jax dh gksrh gSA eqxsZ ,ao eqxhZdkvkSlr otu 2-15,ao 1-57fd-xzk- gksrk gSA vaMs

dk vkSlr otu 46xzk- gS rFkk okf"kZd mRiknu60&80rd gksrk gSA

14- rsfYypsjh%eq[;r% dsjy dsdkyhdV rFkk mlls

lVsgq, dUuwj vkSj eyIiqje ftyksa esa,ao ikafMpsjhds ekgsftysesa bl uLy dsi{kh ik, tkrsgSaAbUgsa eq[;r% ekal dsfy, ikyk tkrk gSA i{kh dkjax dkyk gksrk gSrFkk ia[kksij uhysjax dh pedikbZtkrh gSA eqxsZdk vkSlr otu 1-620-16fd-xzk- vkSj eqxhZdk 1-240-10fd-xzk- gksrk gSA


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okf"kZd vaMk mRiknu 60&80rd rFkk vaMsdkHkkj 40xzke (vkSlr) gksrk gSA

15- esokM+h%;g uLy jktLFkku dsvtesj] fljksgh]t;iqj] mn;iqj] HkhyokM+k] Mwaxjiqj] ckalokMk]jktlean] fpkkSM+x


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tkrk gSA Vkax vkSj Ropk vDlj fiXesaVsM gksrh gSaftlesagjsvkSj uhysjax dh cgqyrk ns[kh xbZgSA bldsvfrfj dqN

uLyksa(tSlsfd dM+dukFk) esaRopk] ekal] vkUrfjd vaxkso gf;ksaesaesysfuu laxzfgr gksrk gSA bl dkj ds:ikRed

osfj,aV~l eq[k :ikRed ekdZj dh mifLFkfr dsdkj.k gksrsgSavkSj ;g fHkUurk m".kdfVcakh; tyok;qesabu uLyksa

dh vuqdwyu {kerk dksc


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mel okys eghuksesabuesa [kkus dh deh rFkk vUMksadsmRiknu ,ao xq.kokk esa deh ns[kh tkrh gSA Hkkjr ds

xjhc fdlkuksadsifjis{k esaeqfxZ;ksadsjgus okysLFkkudksfctyh dsmidj.kksa}kjk BaMk j[kuk laHko ughagS]oksHkh tc bu bykdksaesafctyh dh deh lkekU; ckrgSA vr% bu vfkd mRiknu okyh eqfxZ;ksaesaxehZlgusokyh {kerk dk lqkkj ,d vPNk fodYi gksldrk gSxehZdh lgu'khyrk esalqkkj fuEu rjhdksalslaHko gS%

1- ia[kksjfgr Ropk ds{ks= dksc


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lzksr% dsUnzh; i{kh vuqla/kku laLFkku] bTtruxjA osclkbV www.icar.gov.in/cari/varieties-deve.phpfp= 1- dkjhfgrdkjh fp= 2- dkjhfuHkhZ d fp= 3- dkjh';kek fp= 4- dkjhmidkjh

1- i{kh dk jax% xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jaxhu if{k;ksa dksvR;fkd ilan fd;k tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k

lqUnjrk ugha cfYd if{k;ksa ds vfLrRo ls tqM+kgqvk gSA vkl&ikl dsifjos'k esalek;ksftr gksusdsdkj.k lQsn vFkok gYdsjax dh eqxhZdh vis{kkjaxhu if{k;ksa ds f'kdkjh tkuojksa ls cpus dhlEHkkouk vfkd gksrh gSA bldsvfrfj] jaxhuif{k;ksaesabE;quksdfEiaVsal Hkh vfkd gksrk gSA

2- i{kh dh ck lajpuk ,ao LoHkko%?kj ds ckgjikyh tkusokyh eqfxZ;ksadkstaxyh fcfYy;ksa,aovkokjk dqkksa dk [krjk lnk gh cuk jgrk gSA

vr% 'kjhj dk Hkkj de gksuslsyEch Vkax vkSjetcwr ia[kksokyk i{kh rsth lsHkkx dj vFkokmM+dj lqjf{kr LFkku ij igqp ldrk gSA eqfxZ;ksadk vkked O;ogkj Hkh dqN gn rd f'kdkfj;ksadsfy, fuokjd fl gksrk gSA

3- if{k;ksadh mRikndrk% xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vfkdHkkjh eqfxZ;kaHkh okaNuh; ughagSaA iks"kd rRoksadh

miyfCk de gksusdsdkj.k Hkkstu kIr djusdsfy, if{k;ksa dksnwj tkuk iM+rk gSA vr% gYdh

eqfxZ;kagh csgrj lkfcr gksrh gSaA4- jksx frjksk {kerk%bu if{k;ksadh jksxksalsyM+us

dh {kerk Hkh vfkd gksuh pkfg, D;ksafd mudsjgusdk LFkku ,ao ihus dk ikuh Hkh vfkdrjxUnk gksrk gSA ml ij nwj&njkt dsbykdksaesajksx&fujkskd mik; djuk Hkh laHko ugha gks ikrkA

bu lcds vfrfj m".kdfVcakh; vuqdwyrk rFkkeqfxZ;ksa esaczwMhusl xq.k dk gksuk Hkh vko';d gSA

ns'kh dqDdV teZIykTe ij vkkkfjr LdsosaftaxeqfxZ;ksadk fodkl

dsah; i{kh vu qla kku laLFkku] bTtruxj }kjk ?kjds fiNokM+ s esa eqxh Z ikyu gsrq pkj u;h] vfkdmRiknu nsus okys teZIykTe dks pkj fofHkUuns'k h eqfxZ;k sa dh uLy dks vkkkj cukdj fodflr(rkfydk&3) fd;k x;k gSA

rkfydk 3% QkeZ rFkk QhYM esaeqfxZ;ksadsvkfFkZd y{k.k

y{k.k dkjh fuHkhZd dkjh ';kek midkjh fgrdkjhchl lIrkg esaiqysV dk'kkjhfjd Hkkj (xzke)

QkeZ QhYM QkeZ QhYM QkeZ QhYM QkeZ QhYM1350 1290 1120 1080 1285 1184 1320 1280

;kSu ifjiDork dh vk;q(fnu) 176 174 170 167 165 165 178 172

okf"kZd vaMk mRiknu (la[;k) 198 166 210 178 220 182 200 174

eqxhZ(40lIrkg) ds vaMsdkotu (xzke)

54 53 53 52-5 60 58 61 59

QfVZfyVh (%) 88 & 85 & 90 & 92 &

gSpsfcyVhFES (%) 81 & 82 & 84 & 81 &


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bu if{k;ksa esa50%ns'kh o 50%fons'kh j la;ksftrgSA buesaxzkeh.k o vkfnoklh bykdksadsfy, vko';d

fo'ks"krk,aHkh fufgr gSaA i{kh fn[krs rksns'kh uLy dhrjg gh gSaijUrqvaMk mRiknu dh {kerk esankslsrhuxquk o`f} gqbZgSA budsv.Mksadk Hkkj Hkh vfkd gksrk gSrFkk buesa csgrj jksx frjksk {kerk rFkk m".kdfVcakh;vuqdwyu'khyrk Hkh gSA

1- dkjh fuHkhZd% ;g Hkkjrh; eqxhZ uLy vlhyrFkk dkjh jsM dk kl gSA ;g eqfxZ;k lh;LoHkko] cM+s


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le>uslsvU; eqfxZ;ksadh uLyksa esa mkjnk;h thuifjofrZr djus dh laHkkoukvksa dk xgjkbZ ls irk

yxk;k tk ldsxkAvf}rh; ,yhy rFkk ,yhy l;kstdksadk irk yxkuk]mifLFkfr ek=kRed fo'ks"krk (QTL) rFkk fof'k"VmRiknu y{k.kksa lsmudslacakks dksfukkZfjr djusdsfy, vko';d dM+h gSA blds vfrfjDr] ns'kh teZIykTe ?kj ds fiNokM+sesaikyk tkus okyh eqfxZ;ksa dsikyu dksfodflr djusdsfy, Hkh mi;ksxh gSA Lons'kheqxhZ vkuqoaf'kd lalkkuksa dks fodflr dj okaNuh;thu vkSj thukse dks Hkh Lor% gh lajf{kr fd;k tk

ldrk gSA vkt ds;qx vkSj vkusokysle; esans'khmRiknksadh ekax dsc


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tSo fofokrk lHkh kf.k;ksaesaik;h tkusokyh fofHkUurko ifjorZu'khyrk dk niZ.k gS] vkSj ;g i`Foh dslclsewY;oku kfrd migkjksaesals,d gSA cSDVhfj;k lsysdj isM+&ikSkksa vkSj tkuojksadh lHkh tkfr;k viusvki esa,d fo'kky vkuqoaf'kd xq.kksadk lzksr gksrh gSavkSj ;g fofokrk mUgsai;kZoj.k esa[kqn dkscuk;sj[kusesal{ke cukrh gSA i`Foh ij thou dh varghu fofokrk

miyCk gSA vc rd yxHkx 400gtkj ikSkksarFkk 130yk[k tkuojksadh tkfr;ksadksfpfUgr fd;k tk pqdkgSA ysfdu bldsvfrfjDr vHkh Hkh yk[kksadhM+s] lw{etho] i{kh] ikSksvkSj tkuoj ,sls gSa ftudks fpfUgrfd;k tkuk 'ks"k gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd tSo&fofokrk dslanHkZ esagekjh miyCk tkudkjh ?kkl ds


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tSo&fofokrk ,oa i;kZoj.k dk larqyu

tSo fofokrk dk laj{k.k lq[k lqfokk dk lkku gh ugha]

cfYd ,d vko';drk gSA gekjsthou dkscuk;sj[kusdsfy;sikSks] tkuoj vkSj lw{e tho gesadbZvko';dlsok,anku djrsgStksgekjsvPNs LokLF; ds fy,egRoiw.kZgSaA tkuojksarFkk isM+&ikSkksadh nslh tkfr;ksaesafo'ks"k xq.k keksaZlslEcafkr thu vFkok thu&leqP;oa'kkuqxr rkSj lsmifLFkr gksrsgSavkSj gksldrk gSfd;gh xq.k keZ Hkfo"; esagksusokystyok;qifjorZu dsfy, Hkh csgrj :i lsvuqdwy gksaA blfy, gesafofHkUutkfr;ksa dk laj{k.k muesa gksus okys ifjorZuksa rFkkmuds fo'ks"k fuokl LFkku dslkFk djuk gksxkA tSofofokrk dh lqj{kk fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa ds fy, HkhegRoiw.kZgSa%

ikfjfLFkfrdh fLFkjrk ,oa ewY;% gj tkfr ,dikfjfLFkfrdh .kkyh esa ,d fo'ks"k dk;Z djrh gSAmiyCk tSo&fofokrk ds orZeku o Hkfo"; esa lrr~mi;ksx gsrq ;ksX; cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s ikfjfLFkfrdhra= dk mfpr j[k&j[kko vR;ar vko';d gSA bl

j[k&j[kko dsvarxZr ouksa}kjk tyok;qfu;a=.k] dhVuk'k fu;a=.k] ikSkksa dk ijkxhdj.k] feVVh dh cukoVvkSj laj{k.k] ty dk 'kqhdj.k o~mldsiks"kd rRoksadk laj{k.k] tyok;qifjorZu esa fLFkjrk] ck


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i'kqku tkfr;ksa dsvarxZr yxHkx nl gtkj uLyksadksoxhZr fd;k x;k gSaA Hkkjr nqfu;k esa lkrok lcls

cM+k ns'k gSvkSj blesayxHkx 75fr'kr yksx f"kvkSj i'kqikyu lacafkr O;olk;ksalstqM+s gq, gSaA

lfn;ksa ls] Hkkjr tSo&fofokrk dk ,d eq[k dsajgk gSaA ge vR;ar HkkX;'kkyh gSafd gekjsikl Lons'khi'kqvksadsteZIykTe dh foLr`r fofokrk gSA tksviusof'k"V f"k tyok;q {ks=ksa esa forfjr gSa vkSj nqfu;kdsdbZesxk tSo fofokrk dsaksaesals,d gSaA Hkkjr dsikyrwi'kqvksadsO;kid LisDVe dk frfufkRo Hkkjrh;ns'kh i'kq uLysa&xksoa'k (39)] HkSal (13)] HksM+ (40)] cdjh

(24)] iksYVh (16)] maV (9)] ?kksM+k (6) ds vykok feFkquvkSj ;kd lfgr dqN nqyZHk tkfr;ksa}kjk fd;k tkrkgSA ;s uLysa viuh ,d ;k ,d lsvfkd fo'ks"krkvksads fy;s fl gSa D;ksafd lfn;ksals gekjh vfkdka'kLons'kh uLysa ,d fuf'pr tyok;q ifjfLFkfr;ksa dsrgr mi;ksfxrk dsfy;sfodflr gqbZgSavkSj dqN vf}rh; xq.k kIr fd, gSaA muds;g xq.k mUgsanwljh fons'khuLyksa lsvyx djrsgSa vkSj viusfof'k"V okrkoj.kdsfy;smi;q vkSj mi;ksxh cukrsgSaA kfrd :ils fodflr gksus ds QyLo:i Hkkjrh; uLysa dBksjvkSj pje tyok;q ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk LVslesa pfyr m".kdfVcakh; chekfj;ksa ds fy, fodflrfrjkskd xq.k] vuqitk Qly vkSj de xq.kokkokyspkjsvkSj ihusokysikuh dh deh dsdkj.k thou;kiu djusds fy, vPNh rjg lsl{ke gksxbZ gSaAvr% fofok ns'kh teZIykTe esa dbZ,slh egRoiw.kZthu'kkfey gSa tksvkfFkZd vkSj i;kZoj.k vuqdwyu y{k.k

j[krh gSaAfo'kky i'kqku vkuqoaf'kd lalkku Hkkjrh; f"k dk,d vfHkUu vax jgk gS vkSj budh dbZ uLyksa esa udsoy thfor jgus ds fy,] cfYd fofHkUu tyok;qifjfLFkfr;ksaesamRiknu] tuu vkSj elkSnk 'kf dks

Hkh cuk, j[kus dh {kerk Hkh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,]Hkkjrh; ewy eos'kh i'kqFkkjikjdj] ukxkSjh] lkghoky]

dkadjst ] jkBh] fxj vkfn esadBksj f"k tyok;q{ks=esa thfor jgus dh {kerk gSA blh rjg Hkkjrh; HksM+uLyksaesaekStwn fofokrk Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA xSjksy HksM+cgqvtrk ds fy, nqfu;k Hkj esatkuh tkrh gSA nwljhvksj ekyiqjk] pksdyk] ekjokM+h vkSj 'kq"d {ks=ksa lsvU; dbZ HksM+ uLysa jsfxLrku fLFkfr;ksadsizfr vPNhrjg lsvuqdwfyr gSaA cdjh dh Hkh dbZ,slh uLysagSatks mPp rkieku] ueh ;k nksuksa ifjLFkfr;ksads fy,vuqdwfyr gSa] mnkgj.k dsfy, vaMeku cdjh yo.kh;

ifjLFkfr;ksadsfy, vuqdwfyr gS] pkaxFkaxh cdjh tksfd i'ehuk ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSa] vfkd apkbZdsfy, vuqdwfyr gStcfd t[kjkuk vZ'kq"d fLFkfr dsfy, vPNh rjg lsvuqdwfyr gSA bldsvykok] ?kksM+ksadh taldkjh ,oe~ Lihfr uLysa vkSj nks&dwcM+ aVvfkd apkbZij vkWDlhtu dh deh esa Hkh dke djusdh {kerk dsfy, fl gSA iksYVh dh dbZns'kh uLysatSls fd vadys'oj] vlhy] iatkc czkmu] dM+dukFkvkfn viuslkgl] yM+usdh 'kf rFkk vaMsvkSj ekal

dh xq.kokk dsfy, fl gSaA gky gh esa] jk"Vh; i'kqvkuqoaf'kd lalkku C;wjksesans'kh i'kqvksavkSj HkSalksadksrkih; lfg".kqrk nku djusdsfy, thu @ vyhYlvkSj fu;ked ra= dh igpku vkSj fpfUgr djus ds;kl 'kq: dj fn;s gSaA ,slk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSfd orZeku ;kl tSfod ra= vkSj vkuqoaf'kd ?kVd tksfd ns'kh i'kqvksadksfons'kh i'kqvksadh rqyuk esarkih;lfg".kqrk dk eqdkcyk djus esa enn djrh gSa] mlscsgrj :i lsle>usesa lgk;rk djsaxsA

bldsvfrfj C;wjksesai'kqvksavkSj iksYVh dh vfkdka'kuLyksadk ekbkslsVsykbV vkSj ekbZVksdksaMfj;k ds}kjkvk;u fd;k tk pqdk gSaA ftlesa gesa bu uLyksa esamifLFkr thu ds vkuqoaf'kdh y{k.kksavkSj i'kqku dhvkuqoaf'kd ljapuk dksle>us esaenn feyh gSA


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tSo fofokrk vkSj ekuo xfrfofk;k

tSo fofokrk dh {kfr lclsvge ladVksaesa ls,d gSaA

u"V gqbZtkfr;ksadh tkp ,oathu leqPP; dk yqIrgksuk ,d eq[; pqukSrh gSA vkt dk euq"; tks tSfodinkuqe dk f'k[kj gS] tSo fofokrk dh {kfr dk eq[;nks"kh gSA bl {kfr dksvfkd mRiknu nsusokyh fons'khuLyksa dsmi;ksx us rsth lsc


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o`f lsHkh ihfM+r gksldrk gSA vc ;g O;kid:i lsekU; gS fd tSo fofokrk vkSj tyok;q

ifjorZu ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk;Z.kkyh dsek;els Hkh ,d nqljs ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA feysfu;eikfjfLFkfrdh ra= vkdyu ustyok;q ifjorZudksHkfo"; dh tSo fofokrk dh {kfr esa,d eq[kdkjd crk;k gSvkSj ;g ladsr fn;k gSfd ,slkgksuk fodkl dh eq[k pqukSfr;ksatSls'kq ty]tkZlsok,a] vkSj Hkkstu dskokku lfgr ,dLoLFk okrkoj.k dsj[kj[kko] vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdhdslaj{k.k .kkfy;ksa] mudh tSo fofokrk vkSj

ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= lslEcafkr nwljh lsokvksadksfrdwy :i ls Hkkfor djsxkA yxkrkj chysvkSj ufn;k] ukbthfj;k esa ukbtj MsYVk] FkkbZySaM dh[kkM+h] ikfdLrku esaflakqunh dk MsYVk vkSj eysf'k;k]fQyhihal] baMksusf'k;k] DohalySaM (vkWLVsfy;k)] vesfjdk(VsDlkl ls yksfjMk dsnf{k.k rV)] iukek] bDokMksjvkSj dSjsfc;u dsdqN {ks= ,d cM+sladV esagSaA tSo


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fofokrk esadeh dk Hkko xaHkhj vkSj nh?kZdkfyd gSaD;ksafd bllsgq, uqdlku vifjorZuh; gSaA

tSo fofokrk dh fo'ks"krk vkSj laj{k.k

fdlh fdLe@uLy ;k vkcknh dsfoyqIr gksusdk erycgS fd muesa mifLFkr vuwBh thu ;k thu la;kstudk uqdlku gksuk] tks fd thuksVkbi vkSj i;kZoj.kds chp dstfVy lacakksads ifj.kke Lo:i curs gSarFkk fo'ks"k vuqdwyh vkSj jksx frjksk fo'ks"krkvksadsfy, ftEesnkj gksrsgSaA ;sLFkkuh; fdLesa@ uLysa] de;k 'kwU; fuos'k mRiknu .kkyh dsrgr [kk| lqj{kk

dksiwjk djus dsfy, vkSj Hkfo"; esaHkkstu dh ek=kvkSj xq.kokk dh ekax esa R;kf'kr ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk vkuqoaf'kd fofokrk dh vko';drkvksadksiwjkdjusds fy;sHkh egRoiw.kZ gSaA blfy,] LFkkuh; :ilsvuqdwfyr ouLifr] thoksa ds mi;ksx vkSj mfprekuoh; gLr{ksi ds fodkl }kjk f"k fo'ks"kKksa rFkkifjlaifk;ksa dkslqjf{kr j[kusesaenn yh tk ldrhgSaA bl y{; dkskIr djus dsfy,] Lons'kh vkuqoaf'kdlalkkuksadslaj{k.k dk egRo loksZifj gSaA tSo fofokrkdslaj{k.k dsfy, lclsigyk vkSj eq[; dne gS] blsfpfr djukA .kkyhxr :i lstkfr;ksadh igpkuvkSj fpfr djus dk dke fiNyh nks 'krkfCn;ksa lsxfr ij gSA ysfdu tkstkfr;ksavHkh rd ,df=r]of.kZr vkSj ukfer dh x;h gSamudh la[;k] okLrfodmiyCk la[;k ls cgqr de gSaA i`Foh ij lHkh KkrvkSj of.kZr thoksadh la[;k 1-7ls 1-8 fefy;u dschp gSatksokLrfod la[;k ds15fr'kr lsHkh de

gSaA dqy tkfr;ksadh vuqekfur la[;k 5ls50yk[kdschp gSarFkk vkSlru 14yk[k gSaA vHkh rd fo'ks"k:i ls m".kdfVcakh; {ks=ksa esa] cgqr lh tkfr;kadks of.kZr ugha fd;k x;k gSA gj tkfr] cSDVhfj;kls ysdj mPp ikSkksa vkSj tkuojksa rd] vkuqoaf'kdtkudkjh dk ,d fo'kky HkaMkj gSaA mnkgj.k dsfy,]ekbksIykt~ek esathu dh la[;k yxHkx 450&700]

kkU; esa50000&32000] i'kqvksaesa22000] bZ- dksykbZesa 4000] MkslksfQyk esykuksxkLVj esa13000vkSj ekuo

esa 35000&45000gSaA vkuqoaf'kd fofokrk ,d vkcknhdks viusi;kZoj.k dsfy, vuqdwy vkSj kfrd p;udks frf;k nsusds fy, l{ke cukrh gSa] bl fy;sbudk laj{k.k vko';d gSaA vr% vfkd vkuqoaf'kdfofokrk ls Hkjiwj tkfr] cnyrs gq, i;kZoj.k dhfLFkfr esavklkuh lsvuqdwfyr gksldrh gSaA vkuqoaf'kdlalkku fofokrk dk laj{k.k blfy;sHkh vko';d gSaD;ksafd ;sfdlku] pjokgsvkSj tudksadksmudsikyrwi'kqvksadkstyok;qifjorZu dslkFk&lkFk miHkkskvksa

dh c


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gq, gSaA vkSj mUgksaus dbZ;kstuk,avkSj dk;Ze rS;kjfd;s gSaA gkykafd] dsoy dk;Ze] lafk;ksa] lEesyuksa

vkSj ksVksdkWy vkSj mudh iqf"V gh i;kZIr ughagSaA cfYdtSo fofokrk dk laj{k.k vkSj ifjj{k.k vke yksxksa dsleFkZu] jktuhfrd bPNk'kf] tkx:drk] frcrkvkSj O;kogkfjd vkSj ifj.kke mUeq[k dne ij HkhfuHkZj djrk gSaA tSo fofokrk dks[krjk] LFkkuh; vkSjfo'oLrj nksuksaij gh gj fdlh dsfy, fpark dk fo"k;gksuk pkfg,A

ljdkj ds fujarj gLr{ksi ds}kjk gh tSo fofokrk

dh {kfr dksde fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k dsfy,ljdkj ds dk;Ze] lajf{kr {ks=ksa ds foLrkj vkSjmudksetcwr cukusdslkFk gh ladVxzLr tkfr;ksarFkk muds fuokl ij dsfUr gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj uslajf{kr oU; thou vkSj ouksadh j{kk vkSj laj{k.k dsfy, yxHkx 80jk"Vh; ikdZ vkSj 441vHk;kj.;ksadkfuekZ.k fd;k gSaA ;g Hkkjr dsou {ks= dk 19%vkSjmldh dqy Hkwfe dk 4-3% gSaA ysfdu fQj Hkh vHkhrd oU; thou lqjf{kr ughagSaA vkt Hkh i'kq] i{kh]

ljhl`i] dhM+s] >kfM+;k] tM+h cwfV;k] isM+&ikSksgj fnu

foyqIr gksrstk jgs gSaA ljdkj dh uhfr;k rksdsoylgk;d gksrh gSaA ijUrq,slh fLFkfr lsmcjusdsfy;s

R;sd ukxfjd dk ;ksxnku Hkh vko';d gSA R;sdO;f dksgekjskfrd tSfod lalkkukas dh j{kk olqj{kk dsfr tkx:d gksuk gksxk D;ksafd tSo&fofokrkdslaj{k.k ds}kjk ge viusvki dksHkh lqjf{kr djrsgSaA tSo&fofokrk ekuo tkfr dh Hkh thou js[kk gSAblfy, ou] feh] ikuh vkSj tSo fofokrk dk laj{k.kvfr vko';d gSA

vkt tSo fofokrk dh fujarjrk dkscuk;sj[kuk vfrvko';d gSD;ksafd vc rd tks dqN n'kdksaesatksu"V

gqvk gSmls cgky djus dsfy, lSdM+ksagtkjksa o"kZ yxsaxsAblfy,] le; dh ekax gS fd ekuo o tSo&fofokrkdschp ,d ifjiDo ,oe~fLFkj lkeatL; cukuk gksxkftldsfy;syksxksdksf'kf{kr djuk gksxk rkfd oks tSofofokrk dsewY;ksadksle> ldsA iks"kd rRo nw"k.kdks jksdusdsfy;so fons'kh teZIykte dsvuko';d;ksx lscpusdsfy;seRL; ikyu] taxyksavkSj f"k esavfkd LFkk;h rjhdksa dks'kkfey dj tSfod lalkkuksaij i


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cdjh laHkor% izFke jkseUFkh Ik'kq Fkh ftldkizkxSfrgkfld dky lsgh ekuo tkfr usikyu&iks"k.kfd;k gSA cdfj;ksa ds ikyrwdj.k dk izFke izek.kQkjl dh osYV xqQk vkSj tsfjdksds feV~Vh dscrZukssaij feyrk gSA izkxSfrgkfld dky ls gh cdfj;ksadkikyu ekWl o nwk nksukasdsfy, cywfpLrku] iatkc o

rqfdZLrku esagqvk] ftldksge dSijk QkYdksusjh ukelsHkh tkursgSA nwljh iztkfr ostksj ;k dSijk bxkxzlflUk] Qkjl o ,f'k;k esaik;h tkrh gSA orZeku le;esa ikyrw cdjh dksdSijk fgjdl (fyu;l) uke lstkuk tkrk gSA blds iwoZt dSijk bxkxzl o dSijkQkYdksusjh dh o'kat gSA vaxksjk cdjh dSijk bxkxzl odSijk QkYdksusjh dh ladj uLy gSA

cdjh ,d cgqeq[kh ,oacgqms'kh; Ik'kqgSA ;g Hkkjr esa

xjhc vkneh dh xk; o ;wjksi esaf'k'kqvksa dh ulZds:i esatkuh tkrh gSA cnyrsokrkoj.k] ckfM+;k] ifRr;k bR;kfn cM+spko ls[kkrh gSa] rFkk ;srkieku dh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksaesaHkhvius&vki dks


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'khryrk iznku djrk gSA nwk ,d lEiw.kZ vkgkj gSrFkk ekuo esa,slh chekfj;kW ftlesa[kwu esa IysVysV~l

dh la[;k ?kV tkrh gS] dsfy, cdjh dk nwk jkeck.kgksrk gSA cdjh dk nwk Msaxwdsejhtksadsfy, izkfrdmipkj gS] blesa[kfut inkFkkstSlsvk;ju] dSfY'k;e]QkLQksjl] eSXuhf'k;e ik;s tkrs gS ,oa ;g IykTekdksysLVksy dk larqyu cuk;sj[krk gSA cdfj;ksadsnwkesa flfyfu;e vfkd ek=k esa ik;k tkrk gS] tks fd[kwu dk FkDdk cuusdh f;k dksHkh fu;af=r djrkgSA ;g ,UVh&vkWDlhMsUV dh rjg Hkh dk;Zdjrk gSoVh& dksf'kdk o baVjyqfdu dh o`f Hkh izHkkfor djrk

gSA ns'k esa dqy nwk dk 3-7izfr'kr nwk dk mRiknucdfj;ksalsgksrk gS (oh-,-,p-,l-&2012)A

nwk dh jk;k;fud lajpuk

cdjh ds nwk esa eq[;r% olk] izksVhu] ySDVkst rFkk[kfut yo.k dk vuqikr fofHkUu uLyksaesavyx&vyxgksrh gSA

1- olk %cdjh dsnwk esaolk dh ek=k lkekU;r%HkSal o HksaM+ lsde ik;h tkrh gSA olk dh ek=klkekU;r% 3-5&4-4izfr'kr ik;h tkrh gSA cdjhdsnwk esae;e psu okysQSVh ,sflM vfkd ik;stkrsgSA olk dh ek=k vkuqoaf'kdrk] i;kZoj.k opkjsij fuHkZj djrh gSA dikl dh [kyh f[kykuslsolk dh ek=k c


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49

ip tkrk gStksfny o dSalj dsjksfx;ksadsfy,ykHknk;d gksrk gSA

cdjh dsnwk dk ikpu euq";ksaesavfkd vklkuh lsgksrk gS rFkk blesa ik;s tkus okys ?kVd vklkuh lsmiyCk gksrs gSaA cdjh dsnwk esadslhu izksVhu dsdkj.kngh uje curk gSA olk dsXyksO;wy dk vkdkj NksVkrFkk ,xyqVhuhu ughaik;k tkrk gS rFkk e;e o NksVspsu dsQSVh ,sflM ik;stkrsgSa] ftldsdkj.k cdjh dknwk xk; o HkSal dsnwk ls vfkd lqikP; gksrk gSA lkFkgh cdjh dsnwk esavkS"kkh; xq.k vR;fkd ik;stkrsgSaD;ksafd cdjh taxy espjusdsnkSjku fofHkUu izdkj ds

isM+&ikSkksadh ifRr;ksavkfn dk lsou djrh gSftldsotg lsvfkd vkS"kkh; xq.k vk tkrsgSA

cdjh dsnwk ls cuk;stkusokysO;atu

iuhj] pht] ;ksxgVZ] ?kh] [kksvk] Jh[k.M] Nsuk] lUns'k]jlxqYyk] ngh] vkbZlhe o nwk ikmMj bR;kfn nwk lscuk;s tk ldrsgSaA cdjh dk nwk cPpksadks fiykusdsfygkt lscgqr mi;ksxh gksrk gSA

fp= 2- cdjh ds nw/k lsrS;kj mRikn

cdjh dsekal dk mi;ksx

cdjh dk ekal miHkksDrkvksadschp izFke ojh;rk esagSD;ksafd vU; i'kqvksa dh rjg cdfj;ksa dsekal dslkFkdksbZ kkfeZd ekU;rk ugha tqM+h gSA vfkd ekax rFkkde mRiknu dsdkj.k cdjh dk ekal egaxk feyrkgSA blds ekal dks fpoku dgrs gSavkSj ;g cgqr gh

iqf"Vdj gksrk gSA blesa izksVhu 19&21 izfr'kr] olk3&6-5izfr'kr rFkk jk[k 1-0izfr'kr gksrh gSA izksVhu

dh ek=k HkSal] HksM+ o lqvj dsekWl lsvfkd gksrh gSA

fp= 3- cdjh dsekal lsrS;kj mRikn

fpoku esa olk dh ek=k 3&6 izfr'kr o QkLQksjl10-65fe-xzk-@xzke o vPNsolk dh ek=k yxHkx 70izfr'kr rd ik;h tkrh gStksfd n; o eksVsyksxkasdsfy, ykHknk;d gksrk gSA dksysLVky dh ek=k Hkh vU;dh vissssssss{kk de ik;h tkrh gS] tksfd LokLF; dsfy,ykHknk;d gksrk gSSA cfk;k cdjsdsekal esaolk dhek=k vfkd gksrh gSA ekal dh xq.koRrk vk;qij fuHkZjdjrh gSA la;ksth rd de gksusdh otg lsde vk;qdstkuojksadk ekal & uje gksrk gS] tSls&tSls mezc


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cdjh dsok lsizkIr mRiknksadk iz;ksx

cdjh ikyu lsdjksM+kas dh vkenuh gksrh gS] Ik'kqxzafFk;kas

lsizkIr thounk;h vkS"kfk;kasdh fofHkUu fdLesacukbZtk jgh gSA gkjeksUl dksjklk;fud la'ys"k.k lsrS;kjugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] vr% cdfj;ksa lsvklkuh lsizkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA cwpM+[kkuksa ls cdfj;ksa dsfofHkUu vaxks] miksRikn dksbdV~Bk djdsfuEufyf[krvkS"kfk;kaizkIr dh tk ldrh gS%

miksRiknksalsizkIr vkS"kfk;kvkSj tSo jlk;u

jDr & IykTek] lhje] ,YC;wfeu]jDrpw.kZ] ghesVksfud

fQozhu & isUVhu] fQozhukse] fQozhu pw.kZ

vXuk'k; & balqfyu] Xywdsxksu] fViflu]dkbuksfViflu

QsQM+k vkSj vkar & fgisfju

;d`r & ;d`r fu"d"kZ

Fkk;jkbM & FkkbjkfDlu

fiV~;wVjh & ,Q-,l-,p-] izksySfDVu]vkDlhVksflu] oSlksizSflu

o`Dd & ,sfMusyhuv.Mdks"k & gkbywjksfuMst

fiRrk'k; & fiRr o fiRr yo.k

jh


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51

nh?kZdky lsv'oksadk p;u rFkk ikyu mudh mRreuLy] lqanjrk ,oa 'kfDr dsvkkkj ij fd;k tkrkjgk gSA ih


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fdl rjg dk izHkko iM+rk gS;g Kkr djuk Hkh vfrvko';d gSA

izkjaHk ls gh v'oksa esa gksus okyh dbZ chekfj;kav'o&ikydksa ,oa oSKkfudksa ds fy, fpark dk fo"k;jgh gSaA v'o thukse ifj;kstuk dk okLrfod mi;ksx,slh tfVy chekfj;ksa dsizfr Kku ,oamudh jksdFkkedsfy, mipkj miyCk djokusesagksxkA v'o thukseifj;kstuk }kjk izkIr tkudkjh dk mi;ksx dbZrjg lsegRoiw.kZMk;XuksfLVd VsLV cukusds fy, gksldrkgStksfd v'oksadh 'kq uLyksalsvuqokaf'kd jksxksadhjksdFkke ;k laHkkfor mipkj esa lgk;d fl gksldrk

gSA

v'o thukse dh fo'ks"krk,a

v'o thukse ifj;kstuk ,d lgdkjh varjkZ"Vh; iz;klgS ftlesadjhc 20ns'kksads100lsT;knk oSKkfudksausviuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA ftu ?kksM+ksa dk thukse blifj;kstuk dsvUrZxr vuqfer fd;k x;k mudsukeVfoykbZV (eknk v'o) vkSj czsoks(uj v'o) gSaA budsvykok vksj iztkfr;ksa ds ?kksM+ksa ds Mh-,u-,- ij Hkhv;;u fd;k x;k gSA lclsigysvDVwcj 1995esayxHkx 70 oSKkfudksa dh cSBd esa v'o thukse ijv;;u ds fy, fopkj fd;k x;kA v'o thukseifj;kstuk blh cSBd dk urhtk FkhA bl ifj;kstuk dkizkjafHkd y{; v'o dsfy, ,d vuqokaf'kd uD'kk (eSi)cukusrd gh lhfer FkkA v'oksads32xq.klw= ;qXeksadk v;;u ,oa izR;sd xq.klw= ij vuqokaf'kd LFkyksadh rqyuk ,oa feyku] ekuo thukse ds lkFk djusdk

fopkj FkkA ijUrqckn esa bl ifj;kstuk esacgqr foLrkjgqvk rFkk ?kksM+s dh chekfj;ksa ,o jax ds vuqokaf'kddkjdksa ds fy, Hkh v;;u fd;k x;kA 1995ls2007dschp lkr oSKkfud odZ'kkWi Hkh dh xbZrFkk 2007esalEiw.kZv'o thukse ladyu fd;k tk ldkA

v'o thukse nwljsLrukkjh thoksadsthukse ls dkQhfeyrk&tqyrk gSA bldk vkdkj djhc 2-7xhxkcsl

(thch) gS tksfd ekuo thukse ls(2-9thch) lsFkksM+klk gh de gSA bllsdjhc 20]000thu izksVhu dsfy,dksM djrs gSa ftleslsyxHkx 17]000thu ekuo]dqRrs vkSj pwgs ls feyrs gSaA ?kksM+s dk thukse ekuothukse ds cgqr djhc gS vkSj yxHkx 32 esa ls 17?kksM+sdsksekslkse ekuo dsled{k gaSA bl tkudkjhdsvkkkj ij ;g dguk laHko gSfd v'oksadk thuksedqRrs vkSj pwgsdh rqyuk esa ekuo thukse ds T;knkdjhc gSA ?kksM+sdk yxHkx 46izfr'kr thukse fjihVsM

fLDosaflax lscuk gqvk gSrFkk mlesathu laj{k.k dklekos'k cgqr T;knk gSA mPp Lrjh; thu laj{k.k dkKku v'oksaesa thuksadh ek=k ,oa mudse dk irkyxkus esa vR;fkd lgk;d gksxkA D;ksafd v'oksa dkthukse ekuo thukse dscgqr djhc gS] blfy, mldsKku lsekuo thukse dh tfVyrk,alqy>kusesa Hkh cgqrenn feysxhA

v'o thukse ifj;kstuk ls yxHkx 6-8 thukse dkvuqe.k ,oafoLrkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj gj Mh-,u-,-v.kqdksyxHkx 6-8ckj Kkr fd;k x;kA dqN Hkkx]vU; Hkkxksadh rqyuk esavuqe.k dsfy, dfBu flgq,] tSlsfd izfrjkskd {kerk dksizHkkfor djusokysthu tksfd vR;fkd cgq:ih nksgjsthu ,oa vR;kfkdizfr;ksaesacgqxqf.kr FksA 6-8thukse dsfoLrkj dk vFkZgS fd MksukWj ?kksMs+ dsMh-,u-,- ds80&85%Hkkx dkvuqe.k djdsmlsKkr dj fy;k x;k gSA ;g ckdhnwljsdsLrukkjh Ik'kqvksa dh vis{kk cM+h miyfCk gSA

thuksadk vuqe.k] laxzg ,oa fo'ys"k.k ,d cgqr ghtfVy izf;k gSftldsfy, mPp Lrjh; lalkkuksa,oacgqr vfkd le; vkSj rduhdh Kku dh vko';drkgksrh gSA v'o thukse esa yxHkx 2-68fcfy;u is;j gSatksfd yxHkx 31vkWVkslkse vkSj lSDl ksekslkse ijekStwn gSA vHkh Hkh cgqr lkjsMkVk flDosal dsfo'ys"k.k


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dh vko';drk gSrkfd v'oksadsyxHkx 20]000thuksadk ukekdj.k nwljsthoksadh rjg gh fd;k tk ldsA

v'o thukse esayxHkx 1@1500csl is;j esacgqyrkLrj ekik x;kA v'oksaesa90lsT;knk vuqokaf'kd jksxksadk irk pyk gSvkSj ;g ekuo lsesy [kkrk gSA bltkudkjh dk mi;ksx v'oksa ds lkFk&lkFk ekuo dsjksx funku dsfy, Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSvkSj ;g ,dcgqr gh egRoiw.kZ[kkst gSA ;g Hkh irk pyk gS fd ?kksM+ksaesa53izfr'kr thu e ekuo dsthu e ls feyrkgStcfd ;g dqRrksadsdsoy 20izfr'kr thu e lsesy [kkrk gSA fdlh Hkh thukse ifj;kstuk dk ewyr%

mns~'; f}xqf.kr thukse dk vuqe.k ,oafodsMu djmlesa fufgr U;wfDyvksVkbM cgqyrk (U;wfDyvksVkbMikWyhekfQZTe)] xSj ,l-,u-ih vkSj ifjorZu dk irkyxkuk gksrk gSrkfd thukse dsv;;u ls;g tkuktk ldsfd thu fdlh izk.kh dsthou dksfdl izdkjizHkkfor djrs gSaA v'oksads lanHkZesa Hkh oSKkfudksa uslSdM+ksavuqokaf'kd fofokrk,a igpkuh gSatksfdlh thudsdk;ZdksizHkkfor dj ldrh gSaA gky dsv;;uksalsirk pyk gSfd v'oksa esa nkSM+usdh {kerk yxHkx30izfr'kr vuqokaf'kd v;;u }kjk fukkZfjr dh tkldrh gS vkSj tks thu] jsflax izn'kZu dks izHkkfordjrsgSamudk lEcak ekalisf'k;ksa] 'olu] n; dk;Zxfr vkfn lsHkh gksrk gSA ekuo ,FkysfVd izn'kZu dsvuqokaf'kd v;;uksads}kjk yxHkx 100,slsthuksadkirk yxk;k tk ldk gStksnkSM+usdh {kerk dksizHkkfordjrsgSaA oSKkfud ,slsgh thuksa dk v;;u v'oksaesaHkh dj jgsgSaA

v'o thukse ifj;kstuk esa v'oksa ls lEcafkr thufod`fr;ksa ftudk vuqokaf'kd jksxksa ls lacak gS] ijvuqlakku dsafnzr fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,HYPP, SCID, OLWFD, GBFO vkfnA bl fn'kk esavHkh cgqr iz;kl djusckdh gSa rkfd lHkh Ik'kqvksadkthukse vuqe.k loZlqyHk gksldsvkSj ,slh fpfdRlk

ifr fodflr gks lds ftldsthukse }kjk miyCktkudkjh dk mi;ksx jksxksadh jksdFkke vkSj mipkj

iz.kkfy;ksadsfodkl esafd;k tk ldsAblds vykok v'o&ikyd ?kksM+s ds jax ls lacafkrthukse dh tkudkjh esa Hkh fo'ks"k :fp j[krsgSarFkkdqN [kkl fdLe ds ?kksM+s ,oa mudh Ropk dk jaxv'o&m|ksx esa fo'ks"k rkSj ij vfkd yksdfiz; gksrsgSaA ;fn ,slsthuksadk vuqe.k dj mudk irk yxk;ktk ldsrks;g v'o&m|ksx dsfy, ,d cM+h miyfCkgksxhA v'oksa ds thukse vuqe.k dk [kkl mi;ksxlHkh Lrukkfj;ksadsfy, fd;k tk ldsxk D;ksafd ;g

T;knkrj Ik'kqvksa ,oa ekuo thukse dsleku gsA bldkiz;ksx jksx vuqlakku ,oa tsusfVd VsLV cukusdsfy,Hkh fd;k tk ldsxk ftllsv'oksa,oanwljsLrukkjhIk'kqvksadsjksx&funku dks,d ubZfn'kk feysxhA ekuodh vis{kk v'oksaesabu thukse dk irk yxkuk T;knkljy ,oa ykHkdkjh fl gksxkA dqN chekfj;ka(tSlsfd,ythZ,oaxfB;k) ekuo ,oav'oksa esa yxHkx lekuthuksals izHkkofr gksrh gSA vr% budk v;;u Hkfo";esa vfr mi;ksxh gksxkA

v'o thuksfeDl% laHkkouk,a,oapqukSfr;ka

fulansg% thuksfeDl foKku vfr vxzlj gSrFkk ijLijizks|ksfxdh; lg;ksx c


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i`Foh ij ik;stkusokyh fofHkUu iztkfr;ksadksHkh dqNgn rd uqdlku gksldrk gSA

v'o thu izk:Ik (thukse) dk fo'ks"kr egRo fuEufyf[krmi;ksxksadsfy, gS%

1- v'oksa ds jax ds vkkkj ij csgrj p;u ,oaikyuA

2- 'kq uLy dsv'oksadh igpku ,oamudk iztuuA

3- 'kfDr dsvkkkj ij ?kqM+&nkSM+ dsfy, v'oksadkp;u ,oaikyuA

4- fofHkUu izdkj dsMk;XuksfLVDl] jksx&funku ,oamipkj gsrqA

5- nwljsIk'kqvksa,oaekuoksadsfy, vuqlakkuA

6- v'oksa esa gksus okyh chekfj;ksa dh igpku ,oajksdFkke dsfy,A

7- csgrj oSDlhu cukusdsfy,A

8- v'oksaesa gksusokysvuqokaf'kd dSalj dh jksdFkkeA

9- thu&FkSjsih] fo'ks"kr% ?kqM+&nkSM+ dsv'oksadsfy,

tksfd pksV vFkok xfB;slsizHkkfor gksA10- v'oksa dh etcwr ekalisf'k;ksa dh thuksa ij

vuqlakku ;k fQj ekalisf'k;ksavkSj gf;ksalstqM+hchekfj;ksaij v;;u ,oa vuqlakku gsrqA

11- v'oksadh cstksM+ {kerk dksizHkkfor djusokyhU;wVhf'kuy (Hkkstu lacakh) thuksfeDl vkSjfQthvksyksthdy ('kkjhfjd) tksuksfeDl dkv;;uA

12- iztuu lacakh jksx dsbykt gsrqA

13- v'o thu izk:Ik lkaLd`frd tsusfVDl LVMhl esaHkh lgk;d fl gksukA

14- nwljs Ik'kqvksa ls lacafkr chekfj;ksa dh igpku]mipkj ,oajksdFkke dsfy,A

15- [kkl ,oamPp fdLe dsv'oksadslaj{k.k esaA


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ifjp; &LVse dksf'kdk,agekjs'kjhj dh ,slh vifjiDodksf'kdk,a gSaftuesavkReuohdj.k o fdlh Hkh ifjiDodksf'kdk dks tUe nsusdh {kerk gSA budh blh {kerkdk ;ksx ;ksx'kkyk esafofHkUu dksf'kdk, o vax cukusesafd;k x;k gS] ftllsbUgsa R;kjksi.k rFkk vU; fdlhfofk }kjk 'kjhj esaigqpkdj fofHkUu tkuysok chekfj;ksadsbykt esa;q fd;k tk ldrk gSA

bu dksf'kdkvksadk ;ksx efLr"d lacafkr o jh


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bl dkj ftu jksfx;ksadh jksx frjksk {kerk detksjgksrh gS rFkk ftudk Fkkbel Vh&dksf'kdk,a cukus esa

vl{ke gS] mu yksxksadsfy, ySc fufeZr Fkkbel ,dubZftanxh cu ldrk gSA vfLFkeTtk R;kjksi.k okysjksfx;ksaesa nksckjk ls,d dk;Z'khy Fkkbel dh t#jrdksbl ySc fufeZr Fkkbel }kjk iwjk fd;k tk ldrkgSA

j LVse dksf'kdkvksadk mi;ksx

1- j LVse dksf'kdkvksa dh mPp iqu;ksZth {kerkdk mi;ksx j dSalj dsbykt ds fy, fd;k

tk ldrk gSA j LVse dksf'kdkvksadksHkzw.k dhegkkeuh& tuufiaM & fetksusQjkst {ks= ls]dksf'kdkvksadslrg dsf[kykQ ,aVhckWMh (fojkskhlh Mh 45vkSj fojkskh oh bZdMsfju) rFkk pqEcdh;lsy tknqbZrduhd (,e,lh,l) ds}kjk vyxfd;k tk ldrk gSA

2- chVk FkSyslhfe;k ,d fojklrh; j lacafkrjksx gSA vfu"ksfpr vaMsadksdYpj dj Hkzw.k LVsedksf'kdk, yh tkrh gSa ftUgsaikFksZukstsusfVd Hkzw.kLVse dksf'kdk,adgk tkrk gSA bu dksf'kdkvksaesals,slh dksf'kdk, ftuesachekjh dsfy, thu ughagSa] dksNkaVdj o jksxh esa R;kjksi.k dj bl jksxdk mipkj laHko gSA LVse dksf'kdkvksa dk jlacafkr chekfj;ksadsbykt esabLrseky dk lclscM+k Qk;nk gSfd ;sLoLFk rFkk yacsle; rdj frLFkkiu nku dj ldrh gSa] D;ksafd buesafo[kaMu dj vlhfer ek=k esadksf'kdk,a nku

djusdh {kerk gksrh gSA ikFksZukstsusfVd dksf'kdk,bLrseky djus dk Qk;nk ;g gSfd ;sjksxh dsfy, vKkr ugha gksrh] blfy, frj{kk vLohfrdh leL;k ughajgrhA ;g vksVkslksey MksfeusaVchekfj;ksa dsfy, ,d laHko bykt gksldrk gSAD;ksafd ikFksZukstsusfVd Hkzw.k LVse dksf'kdk,a ,dgh dkj dh tuu dksf'kdkvksa lscukbZ tkrh gSa]

blfy, buesa,d gh tsusfVd lsV dh lwpuk gksrhgSA blh otg ls ftl lsV esalkekU; thu dk

;ksx gksmu jksxksadsmipkj esa iz;qDr fd;k tkldrk gS] ftudsfy, vlkekU; thu ,d gh lsVesagks;k fQj ftu dk dqN fgLlk [kRe gksx;kgksA

LVse dksf'kdkvksa lsfufeZr efLr"d dksf'kdkvksa dkmi;ksx%

1- budk mi;ksx vYtkbej esaU;wjkuksa o dksf'kdkvksadh eR;qdk dkj.k tkuusesafd;k tkrk gS] ftlls

mudsfy, mfpr mipkj


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2- LVkjxjMV esdqyj fMLVksQh

Hkzw.k LVse dksf'kdkvksadksfo'ks"k us= dksf'kdkvksa(jsfVuy

o.kZd midyk) esa ifjofrZr dj bUgsa bu jksxksa esabLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(c) Ropk ls yh xbZ dksf'kdkvksa dks sfjr LVsedksf'kdkvksaesaifjofrZr dj budk mi;ksx jsfVuktSlk mkd cukusesa fd;k tkrk gSA bl jsfVukdk vkdkj 'kq#vkrh vka[k ds fodkl dh fLFkfrtSlk gksrk gSblfy, ;g gesa jsfVuk dsfodkl dsv;;u esaenn dj ldrk gSA

(l) ekml Hkzw.k LVse dksf'kdkvksadksksVhu ;q iks"k.klwi o ksVhu tsy (tksmUgsatqM+us esa enn djsa)esadYpj djokdj mUgsajsfVuk esa :ikarfjr fd;ktk ldrk gSA jsfVuk vc rd bathfu;j fd;kx;k lclstfVy mkd gSA bl f=e jsfVuk dkR;kjksi.k dj {kfrxzLr jsfVuk] vk[k ds jksxksadsv;;u o mfpr mipkj


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balqfyu ds Vhdksadh vc ughajgh t#jr

dkj&1MkbfcfVt esa'kjhj dh balqfyu cukusokyh

chVk&vkblysV dksf'kdk,au"V gkstkrh gSaA ;g chekjheq[; :i lscPpksa rFkk toku yksxksadksgksrh gSA bujksfx;ksadksbalqfyu dsVhdksaij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSAHkzw.k LVse dksf'kdkvksa dkskfrd o`f dkjdksadh ennlsvXuk'k; dksf'kdkvksaesa ifjofrZr dj rFkk Ropk dsuhps R;kjksfir djus ls jksxh dks balqfyu ds Vhdsysusdh vko';drk ugha jgrh D;ksafd ;s R;kjksfirdksf'kdk,a i;kZIr ek=k esabalqfyu iSnk djrh gSaA ijUrqkIrdrkZdh frj{kk .kkyh bu dksf'kdkvksadksu"Vdj ldrh gSA blfy, ,d ,slsvkoj.k dksR;kjksfirfd;k x;k ftlesadksf'kdk,a Hkjh gksrh gSa rFkk blesa'kqxj vUnj tk ldrh gSo balqfyu ckgj vk ldrhgSA ;g ,d lky lsHkh vfkd Mk;cVht fu;af=r djldrk gSA

jksxh dh frj{kk .kkyh ls R;kjksfir dksf'kdkvksadkscpkusdk ,d vkSj lkkkj.k rjhdk gSA igysjksxhdh frjkskd {kerk dksiwjh rjg u"V dj fn;k tk,

rFkk fQj R;kjksi.k fd;k tk;sA bldsckn j LVsedksf'kdkvksa dh enn ls fQj jksxh dks ubZ frjkskd{kerk nku dh tk, tksfd R;kjksfir dksf'kdkvksadksu"V ughadjsxh] D;ksafd ;sdksf'kdk,a vc 'kjhj dsfy,vKkr ughagSaA

Jo.k {kerk dk fuekZ.k

dbZdkj dk cgjkiu rFkk Jo.k {kerk dksHkzw.k LVsedksf'kdkvksa ;k sfjr LVse dksf'kdkvksa dk batsD'ku

nsdj fQj lskIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;sdksf'kdk,ae; d.kZ ds xgjs vkarfjd Hkkx esa tkdj ogka mudksf'kdkvksa esacny tkrh gSatksJo.k {kerk [kksusdsle; u"V gksxbZgksrh gSaA

jksxh lssfjr dksf'kdk,aysdj rFkk bUgsafofHkUu ksVhurFkk jlk;uksadh enn lslquus esaenn djusokyh

dksf'kdkvksaesacnyk tk ldrk gSA bu dksf'kdkvksadks,slh nokvksa ds ijh{k.k esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrkgSA tksnksckjk lsJo.k {kerk dks fufeZr dj nsrh gSa;k dku esa lqIrkoLFkk dksf'kdkvksa dks f;k'khy djldrh gSaA

dk;Z'kkyk esaf;k'khy n;

vkt dh HkkxnkSM+ Hkjh ftUnxh esa n; ls lacafkrleL;k, a fnu frfnu c iq#"kksa rFkk fL=;ksa dk bykt Hkh vc LVse dksf'kdkfpfdRlk* ls laHko gSA

(v) ck> iq#"kksa dk bykt% ekuoh; Hkzw.k LVsedks f'kdkvksa dks vx znwr dk sf'kdkvksa esa ifjofrZrdj] ftlls os vksj fof'k"V gks tk; sa rFkk mUg sa


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ck> iq#"k ds o`"k.k esa R;kjk si.k fd;k x;kgSA ;s vxznwr dksf'kdk,a o`" k.k ds okrkoj.k esa

'kqk.k qvks a es a cny tkrh g SaA bu 'kqk.k qvks a dk siq#"k ds o`"k.k ls fudkydj o dk;Z'kkyk dsf=e okrkoj.k esa v.Mk.kq ls esy djkdj Hkz w.kcuk;k tk, rFkk L=h ds xHkk Z'k; esa R;kjks firdj fn;k tk; s ftlls fodkl ds fy, mfprifjfLFkfr;k feydj lEiw.kZ tho dh kf Ir gksldsA

(vk) ck> L=h dk bykt % blh dkj ls] fL=;ksaesa Hkzw.k LVse dksf'kdk, v.Mk.kqesaifjofrZr dh

tk ldrh gSa rFkk bUgsa dk;Z'kkyk dh f=eifjfLFk;ksaesa'kqk.kqvksalsesy djkdj Hkzw.k cuk;ktk ldrk gSA bl Hkzw.k dksQkWLVj ek dsxHkkZ'k;esa R;kjksfir dj fn;k tkrk gS ftlls mldklEiw.kZfodkl gksldsA

ekuoh; QsQM+ksadsjksxksadk bykt

ekuo Hkzw.k LVse dksf'kdkvksa dh gok rjy baVjQsl ijde lhje] tSlh fLFkfr;ka O;ld 'okluyh esa ikbZtkrh gSaA bUgsdYpj dj QsQM+ksa dh midyk dksf'kdkvksaesa ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gSaA blls QsQM+ksa dkR;kjksi.k QsQM+ksadst[e okysejhtksa rFkk vU; dqNvuqokaf'kd jksx tSlsflfLVd QkbZczksfll esagksrk gSA

fp= 2- i'kqvksa esa LVse dksf'kdkvksadk mi;ksx

t[e Hkjsavc LVse dksf'kdk,a

LVse dksf'kdkvksa dks ?kk;y Hkkx esa batsD'ku nsdj

dsoy dqN gh fnuksa esa cM+k t[e Hkjk tk ldrk gSrFkk etcwr ekalisf'k;ka cukbZtk ldrh gSaA blfy,,slh chekfj;ka ftlesa ekalisf'k;ka [kjkc gks tkrh gSa]tSlsis'kh fMLVksQh] ds fy, ;g vPNh fpfdRlk culdrh gSA

;sLVse dksf'kdk,a ,slsyksxksa dsfy, lgkjk cu ldrhgSa] ftuesaekalisf'k;ksadh 'kf mezdslkFk khjs&khjsde iM+rh tkrh gSaA LVse dksf'kdk,] cq


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3- dqkksadsn; jksxksadk funku

(v) n; dh ,slh chekfj;ka ftuds fuokj.k esa i'kq

fpfdRlk 'kksk lhfer gS] mudk LVse dksf'kdkvksadh enn lsu dsoy v;;u cfYd mipkj Hkhfd;k tk ldrk gSA

(c) MkbysVhM dkfMZ;ksek;ksiSFkh dsmipkj esabLrsekyesayk;k tk ldrk gSA

4- cdfj;ksa dk Hkh Hkj x;k t[e% dSijkbu,efcfydy dkMZdh okjVu tSyh lsR;kjksfirestsudkbey LVse dksf'kdkvksadkst[e Hkjusesa

bLrseky esayk;k tk ldrk gSao ,slk ns[kk x;kdh fj,iFksykbts'ku lkr fnuksaesa gh iwjk gkstkrkgSA

5- t[eh ?kksM+sHkkx ldsxsa jsl esa%

(d) >Vdk vkus ij otu ;q VsaMu QV tkrs gSa]bUg sa LVse fpfdRlk }kjk iqu;ksZ ftr fd;k tkldrk g SA

([k) VwVs QVs fyxkesaV o VsaMu dh ejEer esa Lrou

dksf'kdk fpfdRlk mi;ksx esa ykb Z tk ldrhgSA

(x) ysehuh Vhl ds mipkj esaA

(?k) ,FkyhV ?kksMksaesalqijQhf'k;y fMftVy ySXtjVsaMu dh eqjEer esaA

6- Vkaltfud iksyVh ck;ksQkesZlh dsfy, VkaltfudiksyVh i{kh cukdj baMLVh Lrj ij ,d ubZkafrykbZtk ldrh gSrFkk ftllsvkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa

esalqkkj yk;k tk ldrk gSA

7- dkbZesfjd i'kqcukukA

8- VksVhiksVsaV LVse dksf'kdkvksa dks fjksMfDVoDyksfuax esa ;ksx dj fofHkUu xaHkhj leL;kvksa

tSlsi'kqvksaesavckWj'ku dh c


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Documents

Pashudhan Parkash 2015 .pdf