IntroductionGuar Gum is an important ingredient in producing
food emulsifier, food additive, food thickener and other guargum
products. India is the largest producer of guar gum products. Its
guar gum exporters, guar gum manufacturers, guar gum products
suppliers, foo emulsifier exporter have reached to many countries
and today there is a lot of demand for indian guar gum products,
food additives, food thickener and other allied guar gum products.
Guar gum is extracted from the seed of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, an
annual leguminous plant originating from India and Pakistan, also
cultivated in the United States. Guar Gum grows best in sandy
soils, in areas of West, Northwest India and parts of Pakistan,
which are ideal for it's farming. Jodhpur City in the North Western
state of Rajasthan in India is the most important processing center
of Guar Gum and contributes approximately 40% of the world's Guar
Gum supply. Indian Guar Gum Products are exported and supplied all
over the world by different guar gum exporters, guar gum
manufacturers, guar gum suppliers and guar gum exporter. Many food
emulsifier exporter also exports superior quality food additive,
food thickener and food emulsifier. Guar gum is an emulsifier,
thickener, and stabilizer approved for use in a wide range of
foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Gum Technology Stabilizers
are carefully controlled blends of various food ingredients. They
are mostly natural vegetable gums which come from sources such as
seeds, plant exudate and marine plants. These may be blended with
other hydro-colloids or food ingredients such as fats or
emulsifiers. India is famous for guar gum products and food
additives. It is sold as a white to yellowish odorless powder,
which is available in different viscosities depending on the
desired one. One advantageous property of guar gum is that it
thickens without the application of heat. Guar Gum has the
following properties, which make it useful in variety of
applications. Easy solubility in cold and hot water Film forming
property Resistance to oils, greases and solvents Better thickening
agent Water binding capacity High viscosity Functioning at low
temperatures Industrial application of guar gum includes the
textile industry where guar gum's excellent thickening properties
are used for textile sizing, finishing and printing. In the paper
industry Guar is used as an additive where It gives denser surface
to the paper used in printing. And in the explosive industry guar
is mixed in Ammonium Nitrate, Nitroglycerine and Oil explosives,
where it helps maintain the explosive properties of the product
even in wet conditions. In the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics
industry, Guar Gum is used as an effective binder, stabilizer,
dis-integrator and thickener. In bakeries, diaries and in
production of meat and, dressings and sauces, Guar is an important
natural food supplement with high nutritional value, for weight
gain and cholesterol reduction. In cosmetics, especially shampoos
and toothpastes, guar gum is used primarily as a thickening and
suspending agent. In beverages, it is used as stabilizer for
preparing chocolate drinks and juices. Guar is also widely used in
tobacco, leather, insecticides and pesticides, crayons, adhesives
etc. Guar gum comes in different forms - from seeds to powder. Main
types of Guar Gum include Guar Seed, Un-dehusked Split, Refined
Split, Pulverized Guar Gum Powder, Guar Protein and Guar Meal.
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About Guar GumIndia is native of guar or cluster bean where it
is used as a vegetable. From hundreds of years Guar has been used
as vegetable in India and Pakistan. It is also used as cattle food,
and as a green manure crop in agriculture. Guar gum comes from the
endosperm of the seed of the legume plant Cyamopsis tetragonoloba;
an annual plant, grown in dry regions of India as a food crop for
animals. In the early 1900s it was introduced to United States by
India. In U.S., most of crop is grown for a lower grade of guar gum
which is extensively used in the production of many industries.
There are various grades of Guar gums pure or derivative. Guar gum
is a white to creamy coloured, free flowing powder and free from
extraneous matter. Its ability to suspend solids, bind water by
hydrogen bonding, control the viscosity of aqueous solutions, form
strong tough films have accounted for its rapid growth and use in
various industries. For example guar gum is used in paper, textile,
oil drilling, mining, explosives, ore flotation and other various
industrial applications. Read more...
Guar Gum Chemical structureGuar gum is a polysaccharide, a long
chain made of sugars galactose and mannose. Some other familiar
polysacharides are starch and cellulose, which are made of long
chains of the sugar glucose. Guar gum is a galactomannana similar
to locust bean gum consisting of a (14)-linked -D-mannopyranose
backbone with branchpoints from their 6-positions linked to
-D-galactose (i.e. 16-linked- -Dgalactopyranose). There are between
1.5 2 mannose residues for every galactose residue. Read
more...
Guar Gum Manufacturing ProcessIn India, Guar gum is normally
undertaken by using process of roasting, differential attrition,
sieving & polishing in the commercial production. The seeds of
Guar are split and by sieving the endosperm & germ is separated
from the endosperm. Through heating, grinding & polishing
process the husk is separated from the endosperm halves and the
refined Guar Gum split are obtained. Through grinding process the
refined Guar split are then treated and converted into powder.
Depending upon the requirement of end product various processing
techniques are used. Read More
Guar Gum PropertiesThe main properties of Guar Gum are as
follows. Due to its various properties day by day new industrial
application of Guar gum increases for commercial uses. A guar gum
manufacturer provides 8000 cps guar gum and essentially guar gum
from India. Guar gum properties are easy solubility in both hot and
cold water, water binding due to Hydrogen Bonding, fine film
forming property, resistance to oils, greases & solvents, Best
thickening action, Physiologically Inert nature, Non-ionic, Anionic
or Cationic character. Read more
Guar Gum Application
Guar gum is commonly used in Indian homes. Guar gum and its
derivatives are globally used in various industries.
Used as a vegetable for human consumption. For cattle feed and
as a green manure crop. Guar gum is used in dressings, sauces, milk
products, and baking mixes as it has almost 8 times the thickening
power as cornstarch. Guar gum is used in paper manufacturing,
textiles, printing, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, oil drilling,
mining and explosives as follows. In cosmetics industry it is used
as thickener in toothpastes, conditioner in shampoos. In food
industry Guar gum is used as Gelling, viscosifying, thickening,
clouding, and binding agent. It is also used for stabilization,
emulsification, preservation, water retention, enhancement of water
soluble fiber content etc. In pharmaceutical industry it is used as
binder in tablets. Guar gum is also consumed as a dietary fiber. In
textile industry Guar gum is used in sizing, finishing and
printing. In paper industry it is used to improved sheet formation,
folding and denser surface for printing. In explosives industry
Guar gum is used as waterproofing agent mixed with ammonium
nitrate, nitroglycerin etc. In oil and gas drilling it is used as
well fracturing. Read more
Guar Gum FAQsSome of commonly asked question about Guar gum
are:
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What is Guar Gum? What are the properties of Guar Gum? Which
countries mainly produced Guar?
Guar Gum and its derivatives are widely used in various
industries as per its needs. It is used in industries such as food,
animal feed, textile, pharmaceuticals, personal care, health care,
nutrition, cosmetics, paper, explosives, mining and oil drilling.
Altrafine gums, Ahmedabad, India provides guar gum for pulp and
paper industry, guar gum for textiles and also guar gum for
cosmetics industry. Guar seeds or cyamopsis tetragonoloba termed as
Guar Gum. Guar gum as natural gums is advantages as natural gelling
agent for different industrial purpose. Guar Gum is mainly used as
a
Natural thickener Emulsifier Stabiliser Bonding agent
Hydrocolloid Gelling agent Soil Stabiliser Natural fiber
Flocculants Fracturing agent Top
Industry wise Application of Guar Gum
Food Grade Guar Gum PowderGuar gum is one of the best thickening
additives, emulsifying additives and stabilizing additives. In Food
Industry Guar gum is used as gelling, viscosifying, thickening,
clouding, and binding agent as well as used for stabilization,
emulsification, preservation, water retention, enhancement of water
soluble fiber content etc. Some food products in which guar gum
powder is used:
Ice Cream, soft drinks & concentrates, puddings Chocolate
milk, flavoured milks Jams, jellies, fruit spreads, jelly sweets
Bread, biscuit and other baked foods Ham and sausages Soft cheese
and cheese spreads Canned or retorted food of fish and meat
Myonnaise, ketchup, sauce and dressings Noodles and pasta
In Frozen Food Products: Guar gum reduces crystal formation, act
as a binder & stabilizer to extend shelf life of Ice-cream. In
Baked Food Products: Guar gum provides unparallel moisture
preservation to the dough and retards fat penetration in baked
foods. In Dairy Products: Guar Gum improves texture, maintains
uniform viscosity and color. In Sauces & Salad preparations:
Guar gum acts as a water binder in sauces & salad dressings and
reduces water & oil separation. In Confections: Guar gum
controls viscosity, bloom, gel creation, glazing & moisture
retention to produce the highest grade confectionary. In Beverages:
Guar gum provides outstanding viscosity control and reduces
calories value in low calories beverages. In Pet Food: Guar gum
forms gels & retains moisture, acts as a thickening, stabilizer
and suspending agent for veterinary preparations. Top
Guar Gum for Pharmaceutical IndustriesGuar gum powder is used in
pharmaceutical industries as Gelling/ Viscosifying/Thickening,
Suspension, Stabilization, Emulsification, Preservation, Water
Retention/Water Phase control, Binding, Clouding/Bodying, Process
aid, Pour control for following applications. In tablet
manufacturing it is used as a binder and disintegrating agent and
in micro-encapsulation of drugs.
Suspensions Anti-acid formulations
Tablet binding and disintegration agent Controlled drug delivery
systems Slimming aids Nutritional foods
Guar Gum is an important non-caloric source of soluble dietary
fiber. Guar gum powder is widely used in capsules as dietary fiber.
Fiber is a very important element of any healthy diet. It is useful
in clear and cleanses the intestinal system since fiber can not be
digested. This keeps the intestines functioning properly and also
improves certain disorders and ailments. All natural fiber diet
works with body to achieve a feeling of fullness and to reduce
hunger. Its synergistic mix of guar gum and fiber mixture when
taken with water expands in stomach to produce a feeling of
fullness.
Guar Gum for Cosmetic Industries Used as a thickener, protective
colloid in Skin care products, creams and lotions. Also used in
toothpaste, and shaving cream for easy extruding from the container
tube. Top
Industrial Grade Guar Gum PowderIn Industrial Applications guar
gum powder is a very versatile product and finds its different
applications, as thickening, sizing agent, wet-end strength
additive, gelling agent and water barrier, flocculation aid, for
waste water treatment, as emulsifier, binder. Also used for mud
formulations, enhanced oil recovery, polymer flooding, well
treatment, lost circulation plugging etc. Mining grade guar gum is
used in mining industry as a floatation agent flocculating or
setting better quality agent. Fast hydration guar gum powder for
oil drilling applications is an important advantage of guar gum.
Altrafine Gums in India supply oil drilling grade guar gum, guar
gum for paper industry, guar gum as an emulsifying, guaran and
sickle pod. Guar Gum Industrial grade powder is used in some
industries as follows:
Textile Printing & Sizing Fire Fighting Ceramics
Pharmaceuticals Printing Inks Mosquito Mats Synthetic Resins Paper
Industry Battery Electrolytes Water Treatment Floatation Agent
Water Paint Carpet Printing Oil Well Drilling Explosives Mining
Top
Guar Gum for Paper Industry Guar Gum provides better properties
compared to substitutes. It gives denser surface to the paper used
for printing. Guar Gum imparts improved erasive and writing
properties, better bonding strength and increased
hardness. Due to improved adhesion, it gives better breaking,
mullen and folding strengths.
Guar Gum for Textile Industry Guar Gum gives excellent film
forming and thickening properties when used for textile sizing,
finishing and printing. It reduces warp breakage, reduces dusting
while sizing and gives better efficiency in production.
Guar Gum in Oil Field Applications Industrial grade Guar gum
powder are use in oil well fracturing, oil well stimulation, mud
drilling and industrial applications and preparations as a
stabilizer, thickener and suspending agent. It is a natural, fast
hydrating dispersible guar gum and is diesel slurriable. In the oil
field industry, guar gum is used as a surfactant, synthetic polymer
and deformer ideally suited for all rheological requirements of
water-based and brine-based drilling fluids. High viscosity Guar
Gum products are used as drilling aids in oil well drilling,
geological drilling and water drilling. These products are used as
viscosifiers to maintain drilling mud viscosities that enable
drilling fluids to remove drill waste from deep holes. Guar gum
products also reduce friction in the holes, and so minimising power
requirements. Some Guar Gum products act to minimise water loss
should occur in broken geological formations. Top
Guar Gums Metallurgical and Mining Guar gum is widely used as a
flocculants to produce liquid solid separation Guar gum is also
used in flotation. It acts as a depressant for talc or insoluble
gangue mined along with the valuable minerals
Guar Gums Explosives Applications Gelling agents for gel sausage
type explosives and pumpable slurry explosives Cross linking agents
for gel and slurry explosives systems
Guar Gum : OverviewThe molecular structure reveals that GUAR GUM
is a straight chain galactomannan with galactose on every other
mannose unit. Beta 1-4 Glycosidic linkages couple the mannose units
and the galactose side chains are linked through alpha 1-6. The
mannose to galactose ratio has been estimated at 1.8 : 1 to 2: 1.
The molecular weight of Guar has reported as 1-2 x 10 6. Further
studies indicate that Guar Gum is a rigid rod like polymer because
of the beta linkage between the monomer units. Guar hydroxylsare in
the CIS position. The CIS position is important since adjacent
hydroxyl groups reinforce each other in hydrogen bonding
reactions.
Guar Gum : Structure Diagram
Top Guar Gum has excellent cold water solubility because of the
high galactose: mannose ratio. The special properties of GUAR GUM
known in india make it most suitable for various industrial
applications.
Guar Gum Chemical Properties Guar gum is an economical thickener
and stabilizer. It hydrates fairly rapidly in cold water to give
highly viscous pseudo plastic solutions of generally greater
low-shear viscosity when compared with other hydrocolloids and much
greater than that of locust bean gum. High concentrations (~ 1%)
are very thixotropic but lower concentrations (~ 0.3%) are far less
so. Guar gum is more soluble than locust bean gum and a better
emulsifier as it has more galactose branch points. Unlike locust
bean gum, it does not form gels but does show good stability to
freeze-thaw cycles. Guar gum shows high low-shear viscosity but is
strongly shear-thinning. Being non-ionic, it is not affected by
ionic strength or pH but will degrade at pH extremes at temperature
for e.g. pH 3 at 50C. With case in, it becomes slightly thixotropic
forming a biphasic system containing casein micelles. Guar gum
retards ice crystal growth non-specifically by slowing mass
transfer across solid/liquid interface. Guar Gum is known as one of
the best thickening additives, emulsifying additives and
stabilizing additives. Guar gum has a polymeric structure,
containing several hydroxyl groups. The various derivatives or
industrial grades of Guar gum are manufactured by reaction of these
hydroxyl groups with chemicals that aid in: Dispersion Control
Viscosity Causing Gelling Act as preservatives
Guar Gum Manufacturing ProcessDepending upon the requirement of
end product various processing techniques are used. In India the
commercial production of Guar gum is normally undertaken by using
process of roasting, differential attrition, sieving and polishing.
The stage wise process of manufacturing food grade guar gum is as
under. It is very important to select guar split in this process.
The split will be screened to clean and then it will be soaked to
prehydrate in a double cone mixer.
Prehydrating stage is very important in the process as it
derives the rate of hydration of the final product. The soaked
splits, which has reasonably high moisture content, will be passed
through Flacker to take them. The flaked guar split will be ground
to desired particle size followed by drying of the material. The
power will be screened through rotary screens to deliver required
particle size. The oversize will be either recycle to main Ultra
fine or regrind in separate regrind plant, as per viscosity
requirement. This stage helps to reduce the load at the grinder.
The soaked splits are difficult to grind. Direct grinding of those
generates more heat in the grinder which is not desired in the
process as it results in insoluble or reduced hydration of the
product. Through heating, grinding & polishing process the husk
is separated from the endosperm halves and the refined Guar Gum
split are obtained. Through grinding process the refined Guar split
are then treated and converted into powder. During the split
manufacturing process, husk & germ are obtained which are used
as a cattle feed as they are rich in protein. It is widely sold in
the international market as Guar Meal and has contents of Oil &
Albuminoids. These contents are about 50% in germ whereas it is
about 25% in husks. Quality of the food grad guar gum powder is
defined from its particle size, rate of hydration and the microbial
in it. E412 guar gum is an important natural food supplement with
high nutritional value.
Guar Gum: Stage wise ProcessGuar Seed
First, the pods are dried in sunlight, manually separated from
the seeds. The seeds are supplied to the industry for processing.
Guar by-products, churi and korma are used for Cattle feed.
Undehusked Guar Splits
The gum is commercially extracted from the seeds essentially by
a mechanical process of roasting, differential attrition, sieving
and polishing. The seeds are broken and the germ is separated from
the endosperm. Two halves of the endosperm are obtained from each
seed and are known as Undehusked Guar Splits.
Refined Guar Splits
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Refined Guar Splits are obtained when the fine layer of fibrous
material, which forms the husk, is removed and separated from the
endosperm halves by polishing.
Guar Powder
The refined Guar Splits are then treated and finished into
powders by a variety of routes and processing techniques depending
upon the end product desired.
Indian Guar Market India has been a major player in the context
of guar and guar gum in the global market. Indias production
contributes to 80% of the worlds total production figuring up to 6
lakh tons. Rajasthan wholly retains the credit for Indias position
producing 70% of the production itself. Guar is largely consumed as
a vegetable in the Indian subcontinent. It is also used in making
pickles. 25000 tons of the total production in the country
constitutes to the domestic market. Guar gum has a vast range of
industrial applications and the major share of demand comes from
various industrial sectors only. India is the leading net exporter
of guar seeds and guar gum. The country exports over 117000 tons of
guar and its derivatives, which is comprised by 33000 tons of
refined split guar gum, and 84000 tons of treated and pulverized
guar gum. The net worth of the Indian exports is estimated over Rs
500 crores. The production list of guar is dominated by India as a
leading producer of this crop. The consumption pattern of guar
seeds is largely influenced by the demands from the petroleum
industry of United States of America and the oil fields in the
Middle East as the derivative products of these seeds are quite
useful in the petroleum drilling industries. United States alone
constitute to around 40 thousand tons of guar and its derivatives
demand. Also, in rest of the world, the trend of consumption has
increased with time that has lead to the introduction of this crop
in many countries.Top The major importing countries of Indian Guar
Gum and its derivatives are
United States of America Germany France United Kingdom South
Africa Netherlands Italy Japan
Projected India Seed Crop + Carryover: 4.5 million + 3.0 million
bags = 7.5 million bags of 100 kgs each (splits/powder production
potential of up to nearly 200,000 MT, although there is normally at
least 1 million bags of carryover). (2004 Crops by comparison:
India 4 million bags crop + 5 million bags carryover = 9 million
bags). Global Demand: 650,000 MT seeds +/- 10%. Top
Major Exporter of Guar GumIndia is also the world leader in the
exports of guar and its derivatives followed by Pakistan. The major
countries exports guar gums are
India Pakistan USA Italy Morocco Spain France Greece Germany
Top
Major Importer of Guar GumThe world market of guar is estimated
at 1.5 lakhs tons annually. The major importer countries of the
crop are
Canada China Chile Australia Austria Brazil Germany Italy Japan
United Kingdom USA Ireland Sweden Greece Portugal Mexico
Production of Guar in IndiaIndia produces 600000 lakh tons of
guar annually i.e. the maximum level of production in the world. It
contributes to around 80% share in the worlds total production. The
major producing regions of this crop in India are
Rajasthan Gujarat - www.altrafine.com Haryana Punjab Uttar
Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Karnataka Andhra
Pradesh Top
Guar Gums Market Influencing Factors
Changes in production due to rainfall fluctuation Demand and
supply mismatch Hoarding and black marketing Government
policies
Supply varies largely between years while the demand is almost
constant over the years. There are involvement of speculators and
stockiest in the physical market. The commodity is subjected to a
long storage period based on demand and market prices. There are no
Government rules and regulations governing the production,
distribution, marketing, exports or imports of the commodity and
the market forces determine the prices. Top
Guar Gum : Method of marking The grade designation mark shall be
securely affixed or stenciled on each container in a manner
approved by the Agricultural Marketing Adviser and shall also
indicate the number of the certificate of authorisation issued to
the packer by the Agricultural Marketing Adviser. The authorised
packer may, after obtaining the prior approval of the Agricultural
Marketing Adviser, mark his private trade mark on a container in a
manner approved by the said officer, provided the private trade
mark does not represent quality or grade of the Guar Gum different
from that indicate by the grade designation mark affixed on the
container in accordance with these rules. In addition to the grade
designation mark every container shall be clearly marked with the
following particulars, namely:o Date of packing o Lot number o Name
and address of the packer o Net weight o Any other particulars as
may be specified by the Agricultural Marketing Adviser. Top
Guar Gum : Method of Packing for export The Guar Gum shall be
packed only in sound clean, dry and un-used containers made of
B-twill just or in polythene bags placed in gunny bags or multi-ply
craft paper sacks or any other material as may be approved by the
Agricultural Marketing Adviser. The container shall be free from
any insect infestation or fungus contamination. The container shall
be free from any undesirable smell. The container shall be securely
closed and sealed in the manner approved by the Agricultural
Marketing Adviser. Each package shall contain Guar Gum of one trade
description and one grade designation only.
1
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ssseeeeeeddd ggguuumsss,,, ggguuuaaarrr oooccccccuuupppiiieeesss
aaa vvveeerrryyy iiimpppooorrrtttaaannnttt ppplllaaaccceee,,,
aaasss iiittt iiisss aaa rrriiiccchhh sssooouuurrrccceee ooofff
hhhiiiggghhh qqquuuaaallliiitttyyy
gggaaalllaaaccctttooomaaannnnnnaaannn
pppooolllyyysssaaacccccchhhaaarrriiidddeee...ue to its unique
rheology modifying properties, it is being widely used across a
broad spectrum of industries viz. oil well drilling, textile,
paper, paint, cement, cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical etc. India is
the major producer of guar in the world and its contribution to the
world- production is around 80%. In India, Rajasthan and Haryana
States contribute 85% of the total production of India. India is a
major exporter of guar gum; the country's export of guar gum was
186,718.4 MT worth Rs. 10.50 Billion (US$ 235 Million) during the
year 2005-06. USA, China and Germany are the major importing
countries accounting for more than 60% of export of guar gum from
India.
SD2 In this article, an attempt has been made to collect and
compile the information on various aspects of guar- from its
harvesting to industrial applications alongwith the chemical and
functional properties. Guar also known as cluster bean (Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) a drought hardy
leguminous crop. Guar is being grown for seed, green fodder,
vegetable and green manuring. It is an annual plant, about 4 feet
high, vertically stalked, with large leaves and clusters of pods
(Fig. 1). Each pod is about 5-8 cm long and has on an average 6-9
small grayish-white pea shaped seeds (Fig. 2A & 2B). The pods
are used as a green vegetable or as a cattle feed besides the
industrial extraction of guar gum. Guar grows best in sandy soils.
It needs moderate, intermittent rainfall with lots of sunshine. The
crop is sown after the first rains in July and harvested in
OctoberNovember. It is a short duration crop and is harvested
within 3-4 months of its plantation. Guar is a rain dependent crop;
rainfall influences the yield of the crop. Its seed consists of
seed coat (14-17%), endosperm (35-42%) and germ (43-47%). It has
attained an important place in industry because of its
galactomannan rich endosperm. Guar Growing Areas It is mainly grown
in areas of India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat and Punjab),
Pakistan, Sudan, and USA. India produces 6.0-7.5 lakh tons of guar
annually. It contributes to around 80% share in the worlds total
production. In India, Rajasthan Fig. 1- Guar plant
ABFig. 2- (A) Guar seeds (B) Guar 3 and Haryana states
contribute 85% of the total production. In Rajasthan, the districts
where guar production is done are Churu, Bikaner, Jaisalmer,
Barmer, Nagaur, Hanumangarh, Jodhpur, Ganganagar, Jaipur, Sirohi,
Dausa, Jhunjhunu and Sikar. The districts in Haryana indulged in
the production of guar are Bhiwani, Sirsa, Mahendragarh and Rewari
and the districts in Gujarat are Kutch, Banaskantha, Mehsana,
Sabarkantha and Ahmedabad. Jodhpur city in Rajasthan is one of the
major processing centers of guar gum in India. Various exporters
and manufacturers export guar splits, guar gum powder and its
derivatives all over the world. Indias export of guar gum has
witnessed a 45 per cent increase between the years 2000-01 and
2005-06. The country's export of guar gum was 186,718.4 MT during
the year 2005-06. The net worth of the Indian exports is estimated
around INR 10.5 Billion. The consumption of guar seeds is largely
influenced by the demands from the petroleum industry of United
States of America and China. Guar and Guar derivatives are quite
useful in the petroleum drilling and fracturing industries. The
major importing countries of guar gum and its derivatives are USA,
Germany, Italy, China, Denmark, France, UK, Netherlands, Japan and
South Africa. Processing of Guar Seeds The gum is commercially
extracted from the seeds essentially by a mechanical process of
roasting, differential attrition, sieving and polishing. The seeds
areFig. 3- Processing of guar seed
4 broken and the germ is separated from the endosperm. Two
halves of the endosperm are obtained from each seed and are known
as undehusked guar split (Fig. 3). When the fine layer of fibrous
material, which forms the husk, is removed and separated from the
endosperm halves by polishing, refined guar splits are obtained.
The hull (husk) and germ portion of guar seed are termed as guar
meal. The refined guar splits are then treated and finished into
powders (known as guar gum) by a variety of routes and processing
techniques depending upon the end product desired. Properties of
Guar Gum The most important property of guar gum is its ability to
hydrate rapidly in cold water to attain uniform and very high
viscosity at relatively low concentrations. Apart from being the
most cost-effective stabilizer and emulsifier it provides texture
improvement and water binding, enhances mouth feel and controls
crystal formation. The main properties of guar gum are: It is
soluble in hot & cold water but insoluble in most organic
solvents. It has strong hydrogen bonding properties. It has
excellent thickening, emulsion, stabilizing and film forming
properties. It has excellent ability to control rheology by water
phase management. The viscosity of guar gum is influenced by
temperature, pH, presence of salts and other solids. Chemically,
guar gum is a straight chain galactomannan, which is 75-85% of the
endosperm, has a chain of (1 4)-linked- -D-mannopyranosyl units
with single Dgalactopyranosyl units connected by (1 6) linkages to,
on the average, everyFig. 4- Chemical structure of guar
galactomannan
5 second main chain unit (Fig. 4). The ratio of D-mannopyranosyl
to Dgalactopyranosyl units is about 1.8:1. The average molecular
weight of guaran is in the range of 1-2 106 dalton. The
cis-position is important since adjacent hydroxyl groups reinforce
each other in hydrogen bonding reactions. Guar Gum Powder Standards
HS-Code- 130 232 30 CAS No.- 9000-30-0 EEC No.- E 412 BT No.- 1302
3290 EINECS No. - 232-536-8 Imco Code- Harmless Research Work
Conducted on Guar Gum Guar gum is always a favorite agro-based
commodity, attracting wide interest of researchers all over the
world. Following is the research work conducted during the last 10
years on guar gum in many national and international laboratories
to prepare value added products from this renewable source of
hydrocolloid. Grafting of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)
was carried out onto OcarboxymethylO-hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG)
in aqueous solutions by using potassium persulfate (KPS) and
N,N,N,N -tetramethylethylene diamine (TMEDA) as the initiation
system, resulting in new stimuli-responsive grafted
polysaccharides. The resulting grafted polysaccharides showed lower
critical solution temperatures in aqueous media.
The rheology of binary mixtures of two alginates and one
carboxymethyl guar (CMG) was determined. Two reactive dyes were
printed from pastes based on these 6 mixtures. The printing and the
final print (color yield, levelness and fabric stiffness) were
assessed. From the results, it can be concluded that mixture of CMG
with alginates can be used in reactive printing. With a view that
hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) may replace hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
from water based paints, chemical modification of guar gum via
hydroxypropylation was carried out at lab/commercial level. The
comparative study reveals that HPG is a perfect choice of
rheological agent, which governs excellent properties for aqueous
paints. This product has similar/ better properties of HEC. Graft
copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) onto guar gum was
carried using potassium persulfate (PPS) as free radical initiator.
Using PPS, the maximum percent grafting was ascertained to be 241
at the optimum conditions of 60C reaction temperature, 3 h of
reaction time, 1.1 mmol of PPS and 0.058 mol of MAA. The prepared
graft copolymer could find applications in drug delivery systems.
Chemical modification of guar gum was carried out through
substitution and grafting reactions and products so obtained were
tested against kaolin suspension to check their efficacy as
flocculants. It was found that flocculation efficiency of the
chemically modified products is better than Deftech and has
potential to replace synthetic flocculants. Flocculants were also
synthesized by grafting of polyacrylamide (PAM) onto hydroxypropyl
guar gum (HPG) using a ceric ion-induced solution polymerization
technique. Flocculation efficiency of grafted products was
determined against kaolin, iron ore and silica suspensions. Among
the series of graft copolymers, the one with fewest but longest PAM
chains shows the better performance. Graft copolymerization of
various monomers like N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4vinylpyridine,
acrylamide and acrylic acid onto guar gum was carried out by using
initiator systems viz. potassium peroxymonosulfate / glycolic acid,
potassium 7 monopersulfate / thioacetamide, Cu+2-mandelic acid
redox couple and peroxydiphosphate-silver (I) respectively. The
effect of different reactants along with reaction time and
temperature were studied by determining the grafting parameters:
grafting ratio, efficiency, conversion, add-on, homopolymer, and
rate of grafting. It was observed that the graft copolymers were
thermally more stable than the pure gum. Guar gum / poly (acrylic
acid) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels have
been prepared via free radical polymerization in the presence of a
crosslinker of N,N -methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). Hydrogels showed
enormous swelling in aqueous medium and displayed swelling
characteristics, which were highly dependent on the chemical
composition of the hydrogels and pH of the medium (ionic strength I
= 0.15 mol/L) in which hydrogels were immersed. Pandey et al, 2006
modified guar gum by graft copolymerization with acrylic acid in
aqueous medium using vanadium (V)mercaptosuccinic acid redox
system. The optimum reaction conditions affording maximum grafting
ratio, efficiency, add on and conversion were vanadium(V)
concentration 1.0 102 mol dm 3, mercaptosuccinic acid concentration
2.0 102 mol dm 3, acrylic acid concentration 20.0 102 mol dm 3. The
grafting ratio, add on and conversion increase, on increasing the
H+ ion concentration from 1.5 101 to 6.0 101 mol dm 3. On
increasing the guar gum concentration the grafting parameters
increase. The optimum time and temperature for the grafting
reaction was 120 minutes and 35 C respectively. The water uptake
behavior of barium ions crosslinked sodium
alginate/carboxymethyl
guar gum bipolymeric beads in the media of varying pH was also
studied. The beads swelled to nearly 15 4% in simulating gastric
fluid (SGF) of pH 1.2 in 3 h. On transferring the hydrogel into
simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) of pH 7.4, the swelling was
enhanced to nearly 310 12%. When loaded with the model drug vitamin
B12, the 8 total release in SGF in 3 h was nearly 20%, while nearly
70% was released in SIF in the next 7 h. The percent entrapment was
nearly 50% when the beads were crosslinked with a 5-6% (w/v) BaCl2
solution. Guar gum was chemically modified by sulphonation using
chlorosulphonic acid (ClSO3H) as a reagent. Activated partial
thromboplastin time (APTT) assay showed that the guar gum sulphate
could inhibit the intrinsic coagulant pathway. The anticoagulant
activity strongly depended on the degree of substitution (DS) and
molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharides. DS>0.56 was essential
for anticoagulant activity. The guar gum sulphate with the DS of
0.85 and the Mw of 3.40104 had the best blood anticoagulant
activity. The optimum reaction conditions for affording maximum
percentage of grafting for grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) onto
sodium salt of partially carboxymethylated guar gum (DS 0.497)
using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox initiator, in an
aqueous medium, by successively varying reaction conditions such as
concentrations of nitric acid, ceric ammonium nitrate, monomer (AN)
as well as reaction time, temperature and amount of substrate was
also established by an expert. The IR-spectroscopic, thermal
(TGA/DSC) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques were
used for the characterization of the graft copolymer. Using
microwave (MW) irradiation grafting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) onto
guar gum in water was done without using any radical initiator or
catalyst within a very short reaction time. The extent of grafting
could be adjusted by controlling the reaction conditions and
maximum percentage grafting (%G) of about 188% was obtained under
optimum conditions in 1.66 minutes. Grafting of acrylamide onto
guar gum is achieved by Ce(IV) induced free-radical polymerization
to prepare interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) beads of
polyacrylamide-g-guar gum with sodium alginate by crosslinking with
glutaraldehyde. Two widely used pesticides, solid chlorpyrifos and
liquid fenvelarate, were loaded up 9 to 60-70% efficiency in the
IPN beads. Equilibrium swelling experiments indicate that the
swelling of the beads decreases with an increase in crosslinking,
as well as an increase in pesticide loading. The action of a
cationic polyelectrolyte (ammonium hydroxy-propyl-trimethyl
chloride of the polysaccharide guar gum, commercially know as
cosmedia guar, CG) in aqueous alumina suspension was investigated.
This polymer was used aiming to find alternatives for synthetic
polymers, as for instance, sodium polyacrylate- PANa, normally used
as a deflocculating agent of alumina suspension. The measurements
of particle size, as a function of time, showed that the addition
of this polyelectrolytic macromolecule (CG) keeps the particles
dispersed for a longer time, in comparison with the suspension
containing only alumina. The ceric-ammonium-nitrate-initiated graft
copolymerization of polyacrylamide onto hydroxypropyl guar gum by
solution polymerization technique was studied. The synthesized
products were then characterized by various instrumental techniques
like viscometry, elemental analysis, IR, thermal, XRD and SEM
studies. The percentage of grafting increases with increasing
catalyst concentration and decreases with monomer concentration
taking other parameters constant. A mild method for
microencapsulation of sensitive drugs, such as proteins, employing
a suitably derivatized carboxymethyl guar gum (CMGG) and
multivalent metal ions like Ca2+ and Ba2+ was reported. The
swelling data of Ca2+ and Ba2+ crosslinked
beads suggest that Ba2+ crosslinks CMGG much more efficiently
than Ca2+. The drug loading efficiency of these Ba2+/CMGG beads, as
a function of concentration of both metal ion as well as drug, was
then determined using Bovine Serum Albumin as a model drug. Results
indicated that Ba2+ crosslinked carboxymethyl guar gum beads could
be used for gastrointestinal drug delivery. 10 Industrial
Applications of Guar Gum Guar gum and its derivatives are widely
used in various industries as per its needs. It is used in
industries such as food, textile, pharmaceuticals, personal care,
health care, nutrition, cosmetics, paper, explosives, mining and
oil well drilling. Guar gum mainly functions as a thickener,
emulsifier, stabilizer, binding agent, gelling agent, natural
fiber, flocculant, fracturing agent etc. in the above-mentioned
industries Applications of Food Grade Guar Gum Powder/ Derivatives
Food Industry In food Industry guar gum / derivatives is used as
gelling, viscosifying, thickening, clouding and binding agent as
well as used for stabilization, emulsification, preservation, water
retention, enhancement of water soluble fiber content etc. Some
food products in which guar gum powder is used are: Ice cream, soft
drinks & concentrates, puddings Chocolate milk, flavored milk
Pet Foods Bread, biscuit and other baked foods Ham and sausages
Soft cheese and cheese spreads Canned or retorted food of fish and
meat Myonnaise, ketchup, sauce and dressings Noodles and pasta In
frozen food products- guar gum reduces crystal formation; act as a
binder & stabilizer to extend shelf life of ice cream. In baked
food products- guar gum provides unparallel moisture preservation
to the dough and retards fat penetration in baked foods. In dairy
products- guar gum improves texture, maintains uniform viscosity
and color. 11 In sauces & salad preparations- guar gum acts as
a water binder in sauces and salad dressings and reduces water and
oil separation. In confectionary- guar gum controls viscosity,
bloom, gel creation, glazing and moisture retention to produce the
highest-grade confectionary. In beverages- guar gum provides
outstanding viscosity control and reduces calories value in low
calories beverages. In pet food- guar gum forms gels and retains
moisture, acts as a thickening, stabilizer and suspending agent for
veterinary preparations. Pharmaceutical Industry Guar gum or its
derivatives are used in pharmaceutical industries as gelling /
viscosifying / thickening, suspension, stabilization,
emulsification, preservation, water retention / water phase
control, binding, clouding/bodying, process aid, pour control for
suspensions, anti-acid formulations, tablet binding &
disintegration agent, controlled drug delivery systems, slimming
aids, nutritional foods etc. Guar gum is an important non-caloric
source of soluble dietary fiber. Guar gum powder is widely used in
capsules as dietary fiber. Fiber is a very important element of any
healthy diet. It is useful in clear the intestinal system since
fiber cannot be digested. This keeps the intestines functioning
properly and also improves certain disorders and ailments. All
natural fiber diet works with body to achieve a feeling of fullness
and to reduce hunger. Its synergistic mix of guar gum and fiber
mixture when
taken with water expands in stomach to produce a feeling of
fullness. Cosmetic Industry Guar gum or its derivatives being used
as a thickener, protective colloid and conditioner in hair/skin
care products, creams, shampoos and lotions. Beside this, these are
also used in toothpaste and shaving cream for easy extruding from
the container tube. 12 Applications of Industrial Grade Guar Gum
Powder/ Derivatives In industrial applications, guar gum
powder/derivatives utilized as thickening agent, sizing agent,
wet-end strength additive, gelling agent and water barrier,
flocculation aid for waste water treatment, as emulsifier, binder.
Also used for mud formulations, enhanced oil recovery, polymer
flooding, well treatment, lost circulation plugging etc. Guar gum
industrial grade powder is used in industries such as textile
printing & sizing, fire fighting, ceramics, pharmaceuticals,
printing inks, mosquito mats, synthetic resins, paper industry,
battery electrolytes, water treatment, floatation agent, water
paint, carpet printing, oil well drilling, explosives, mining etc.
Paper Industry Guar gum provides better properties compared to
substitutes. It gives denser surface to the paper used for
printing. Guar gum imparts improved erasive and writing properties,
better bonding strength and increased hardness. Due to improved
adhesion, it gives better breaking, mullen and folding strengths.
Textile Industry Guar gum gives excellent film forming and
thickening properties when used for textile sizing, finishing and
printing. It reduces warp breakage, reduces dusting while sizing
and gives better efficiency in production. Oil Field Industry
Industrial grade guar gum powder/derivatives are use in oil well
fracturing, oil well stimulation, mud drilling and industrial
applications and preparations as a stabilizer, thickener and
suspending agent. It is a natural, fast hydrating dispersible guar
gum and is diesel slurriable. 13 In the oil field industry, guar
gum is used as a surfactant, synthetic polymer and deformer ideally
suited for all rheological requirements of water-based and
brinebased drilling fluids. High viscosity guar gum products are
used as drilling aids in oil well drilling, geological drilling and
water drilling. These products are used as viscosifiers to maintain
drilling mud viscosities that enable drilling fluids to remove
drill waste from deep holes. Guar gum products also reduce friction
in the holes, and so minimizing power requirements. Some guar gum
derivatives act to minimize water loss should occur in broken
geological formations. Metallurgical and Mining Industry Guar gum
is widely used as a flocculants to produce liquid solid separation.
Guar gum is also used in flotation. It acts as a depressant for
talc or insoluble gangue mined along with the valuable minerals.
Explosive Industry Gelling agent for gel sausage type explosives
and pump able slurry explosives. Water blocking agent in
nitro-glycerine, slurry explosives, ammonium nitrate and dynamite
explosives- by mixing guar gum in ammonium nitrate, nitro-glycerine
and oil explosives, even in wet conditions, explosive property is
maintained. This is due to the better swelling, water blocking and
gelling properties of guar gum .
Note: The author has used various references in the preparation
of this article. For further details please contact him. Lucid
Colloids Limited, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, IndiaE-mail-
[email protected]
B.R. Sharma, V. Chechani, N.C. Dhuldhoya & U.C. Merchant
About UsWelcome to the world of Haryana Guar Gum &
Chemicals, a successfully running organization and propelled for
delivering only and only quality products. We have a wide
experience in manufacturing and exporting a large variety of guar
gum that comprises of guar seeds, guar gum seeds, guar gum powder,
and guar gum korma. Currently we are dealing with Indian market and
also in the process of embedding our fingers in international
market. The company was established in the year 2006 under the
guidance of Mr. Surendra Singhal, a well known personality having
broad product knowledge and potential to manage the company. Our
team of 25 people which are involved with heart and soul into the
day to day operations of the company, right from purchasing of guar
seed at open auction in the market yard each lot is visually and
physically verified by our purchase officers before dispatching to
factory. In the factory thorough cleaning of the guar seed is
undertaken by automatic plant there by removing all foreign
material. Thereafter cleaned guar seed is sent for crushing to be
converted into our main product i.e. GUARGUM SPLIT and two by
products GUAR CHURI AND GUAR KORMA, which are basically cattle
feed. Throughout the process quality of guar seed and finished
products is closely monitored by our lab technicians and machinery
operators. Regarding sales we have two sales officers who manage
the entire sale of products in India to various buyers who are,
either in direct contact with us or through a chain of brokers. On
the other hand we do our all operations of manufacturing our
products with the help of spacious infrastructure, in-house
manufacturing facilities, quality department, skilled and
intellectual professionals, state- of- the- art machinery and
imported technology helps us in performing well and enhance our
strength through which inspire us to live up to the expectations of
our clients.
Furthermore Indian government has standardized the physical and
chemical values of guar gum split to which we have to adhere to,
though we constantly try for upgrade quality of our products. Guar
gum split that we manufacture has no end use.Fact SheetYear of
Establishment Nature of Business : 2006 : Manufacturer,
Exporter
Number of Employees : 11 to 25 People Major Markets : Indian
Subcontinent
ProductsGuar ChuriWe offer high quality guar churi
Send Enquiry
Guar Gum
We are as one of the warriors guar gum manufacturers, exporters
located in India. We can present a whooping spectrum of guar gum
powder and guar gum korma which can not be compared for its
quality. In simple word it is made up of world class quality raw
material which is enough to invoke the existing quality of these
guar gum powder and guar gum korma. It carries appropriate amount
/ration of gum, one more thing these are available in customized
solutions and also can be design as per the demands given by valued
clients. Here are some specifications mentioned below about guar
gum splits:- Specifications of Guar Gum Splits # Gum Content: 8085%
# Dehusked Splits: 90% minimum # Protein: 5% maximum # Ash (Black,
dark, Red & Brown): 1.0% maximum # Through 14" Mash: 3% maximum
# Through 20" Mash: 0.1% # Moisture: 8% maximum # Foreign
Particles: 0.2%
Send Enquiry
Guar Korma
We offer high qualilty guar korma
