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Sep 168:01 PM
Parts of the Human Brain
Sep 167:40 PM
Cerebrum
• sorts and interprets information from the senses• controls voluntary muscles responsible for movement and speech
• stores memories• decision making centre• centre of human consciousness
• largest part of the brain• wrinkled/folded to increase surface area and number of neurons
• can be divided into two hemispheres and/or four lobes
Sep 169:11 PM
Divisions of the Cerebrum:
• can be divided into two halves, the right and left hemispheres
• covered by a thin layer called the cerebral cortex, and is made of grey matter
• this layer enables us to experience sensation, voluntary movement and our conscious thought process
• the hemispheres are joined by the corpus callosum
Sep 168:01 PM
Corpus Callosum
• located between the two hemispheres of the cerebrum• made of white matter
• transfers impulses from one hemisphere to the other
Sep 169:43 PM
The cerebrum can also be divided into four lobes:
frontal lobe involved in muscle control and reasoningparietal lobe receives sensory information from skin and skeletal muscles, associated with sense of tasteoccipital lobe receives information from the eyestemporal lobe receives information from the ears
Sep 167:41 PM
Cerebellum
• located towards the back of the brain
• controls muscle coordination• helps maintain balance
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made up of the:• midbrain• pons• medulla oblongata
Midbrain:• short segment between the cerebrum and pons• involved with sight and hearing
Pons:• contains bundles of axons between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS
• functions with the medulla to regulate breathing rate • controls sleeping, awakening and REM
Brain Stem
Sep 169:01 PM
Medulla Oblongata:
• located at the base of the brain where it attaches to the spinal cord
• any damage to this area is usually fatal
Major functions:cardiac center controls heart rates and the force of heart contractionsvasomotor center controls the diameter of blood vessels therefore adjusting blood pressurerespiratory center controls rate and depth of breathingreflex center controls vomiting, coughing, hiccuping and swallowing
Sep 167:41 PM
Thalamus
• located in the centre of the brain
• sorts sensory information (sensory relay center)• receives the sensations of touch, pain, heat and cold• receives information from the muscles• mild sensations are sent to the cerebrum• strong sensations are sent to the hypothalamus
Sep 167:41 PM
Hypothalamus
• main control centre for the autonomic nervous system• helps the body respond to threats by sending impulses to the sympathetic nervous system
• after the threat has passes, it helps the body to restore homeostasis using the parasympathetic nervous system
• controls hunger, body temperature and aggression
• located below the thalamus
Sep 1610:11 PM Sep 1610:15 PM