Moving Parts of a Diesel Engine1. Piston2. Piston rod3.
Crosshead4. Connecting rod5. Crankshaft & its bearings
1. PistonApistonis a component ofreciprocating engines,
reciprocatingpumps,gas compressorsandpneumatic cylinders, among
other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is
contained by acylinderand is made gas-tight bypiston rings. In an
engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the
cylinder to thecrankshaftvia apiston rodand/orconnecting rod. In a
pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the
crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting
thefluidin the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as
avalveby covering and uncoveringportsin the cylinder wall.
2. Piston rodIn apiston engine, apiston rodjoins apistonto
thecrossheadand thus to theconnecting rodthat drives
thecrankshaftor (forsteam locomotives) the driving wheels.Internal
combustion engines, and in particular all currentautomobileengines,
do not generally have piston rods. Instead they usetrunk pistons,
where the piston and crosshead are combined and so do not need a
rod between them. The termpiston rodhas been used as asynonymfor
'connecting rod' in the context of these engines
3.
CrossheadAbeamthatconnectsthepistonrodtotheconnectingrodofareciprocatingengine.
4. Connecting rodIn a reciprocatingpiston engine, theconnecting
rodorconrodconnects thepistonto thecrankorcrankshaft. Together with
the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts reciprocating
motion into rotating motion.Connecting rods may also convert
rotating motion into reciprocating motion. Historically, before the
development of engines, they were first used in this way.As a
connecting rod is rigid, it may transmit either a push or a pull
and so the rod may rotate the crank through both halves of a
revolution, i.e. piston pushing and piston pulling. Earlier
mechanisms, such as chains, could only pull. In a few two-stroke
engines, the connecting rod is only required to push.Today,
connecting rods are best known through their use in internal
combustion piston engines, such asautomotive engines. These are of
a distinctly different design from earlier forms of connecting
rods, used in steam engines and steam locomotives.
5. CrankshaftAcrankshaftrelated tocrankis a mechanical part able
to perform a conversion betweenreciprocating motionandrotational
motion. In areciprocating engine, it translatesreciprocating
motionof thepistoninto rotational motion; whereas in areciprocating
compressor, it converts the rotational motion into reciprocating
motion. In order to do the conversion between two motions, the
crankshaft has "crank throws" or "crankpins", additional bearing
surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to which the
"big ends" of theconnecting rodsfrom each cylinder attach.
Stationary Parts of a Diesel Engine1. Bedplate2. Frame or
column3. Engine or cylinder block4. Cylinder liners5. Cylinder head
or cover
1. Bedplate
The Bedplate is the foundation on which the 2 stroke engine is
built. It must be rigid enough to support the weight of the rest of
the engine, and maintain the crankshaft, which sits in the bearing
housings in the transverse girders, in alignment. At the same time
it must be flexible enough to hog and sag with the foundation plate
to which it is attached and which forms part of the ships
structure.
2. Frame or column
It is the load-carrying part of an engine. It may include parts
as the cylinder block,base, sump and end plates. In two-stroke
engines, frames are sometimes known as A-frames
3. Engine or cylinder blockAcylinder blockis
anintegratedstructurecomprisingthecylinder(s)of areciprocating
engineand often some or all of their associated surrounding
structures (coolantpassages, intake and exhaust passages and ports,
andcrankcase). The termengine blockisoften usedsynonymouslywith
"cylinder block" (although technically distinctions can be made
betweenen bloccylinders as a discrete unit versus engine block
designs with yet more integration that comprise the crankcase as
well).
4. Cylinder linersA cylinder liner is a cylindrical part to be
fitted into an engine block to form a cylinder. It is one of the
most important functional parts to make up the interior of an
engine.This is called Cylinder liner in Japan, but some countries
(or companies) call this Cylinder sleeve.
5. Cylinder head or coverIn aninternal combustion engine,
thecylinder head(often informally abbreviated to justhead) sits
above thecylinderson top of thecylinder block. It closes in the top
of the cylinder, forming thecombustion chamber. This joint is
sealed by ahead gasket. In most engines, the head also provides
space for the passages that feed air and fuel to the cylinder, and
that allow the exhaust to escape. The head can also be a place to
mount thevalves,spark plugs, andfuel injectors.
