Parts and usage. Motherboard is the most important component in any personal computer. It contains...
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Parts and usage. Motherboard is the most important component in any personal computer. It contains almost every important elements of the computer. Sometimes
Motherboard is the most important component in any personal
computer. It contains almost every important elements of the
computer. Sometimes instead of the calling it motherboard, IBM
refers to is as system Board or Planner Board, some other
manufacturer refer to this as the Logic Board. The motherboard is
the main circuit board inside the PC which holds the processor,
memory and expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to
every part of the PC. Its made up of a chipset(known as the glue
logic), some code in ROM and the various interconnections or
buses.
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Expansion slots CPU(Main Processor) Coprocessor Memory BIOS and
Support circuits of chipset for interrupt, DMA etc.
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What is expansion slot? The expansion slots are long thin
connectors on the motherboard, near the backside of the computer.
Various expansion cards are connected to the motherboards through
data, address and control lines/buses on these slots. One can
connect various expansion cards such as display card, hard drive
controller, sound card, network card, modem card etc. on these
slots. When an adapter card is connected to the expansion slot, it
is actually connected to the data, address and control bus on the
motherboard.
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The main component of any motherboard is the main processor
chip which controls all the inner functions of the system. The
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU) functions as the brain of every PC. It
is usually inserted into the socket and is not soldered onto the
motherboard as many other chips are normally done, this makes its
replacement, in case of any problem, very easy.
Memory is the place where computer stores the program and data
that help the program in carrying out its operations. Memory is
used by computers to run its operating system in any application
that you start and also responsible in loading a system.
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RAM memory ROM memory RAM - random access memory. ROM - Read
Only Memory
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is a read/write type of memory which is used by the processor
to keep program, data and intermediate results during program
executions. It is VOLATILE type of memory, which lose its content
when the power supply is switched off.
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The physical installation of RAM memory on the motherboard can
take place in various ways. DIP(dual In-line Pin) memory chips were
used on initial motherboards. Later SIMM ( single inline memory
modules) became common. Currently DIMM(dual inline memory modules)
are most common memory module.
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Socket RAM (DIP)
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ROM or Read Only Memory, as its name suggest is a read only
type of memory it cannot be written. Data is written into it by the
manufacturer. On major advantage with the ROM is, ROM is
Non-Volatile type of memory, meaning it does not lose its content
when the power supply to it is switched off. A motherboard normally
contains one or more of these ROM chips.
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SIMMS: 72-pin SIMM (4-1/4) 30-pin SIM (3-1/2) DIMM: Pins: 168
pin,184 pin, 240 pin DDR1 2.4 or 2.5 v DDR2 1.8 V DDR3 1.5 V
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BIOS is an abbreviation if Basic Input Output System. A chip
w/c directs the I/O operations of all the devices in or attached to
the system All Peripherals are instructed by BIOS Holds the
configuration, loading the operating system, detects also the
devices, and monitors the PC temperature. Communication between the
processor and memory
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Prepares the machine so other software programs stored on
various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load,
execute, and assume control of the computer.
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Refers to the memory on a personal computer containing BIOS
settings and sometimes the code used to initialize the computer and
load the O.S. The memory and real time clock are generally proceed
by a CR2032 lithium coin cell. These cells last for two to ten
years, depending on the type of the BIOS
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Contains the information about the system configuration (hard
disk types, date and time, and the order in w/c the computer will
look for bootable disk). The CMOS battery allows the CMOS to
pressure these settings. Preserves the settings of the BIOS
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Is a group of integrated circuits, or chips, that are designed
to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product.
There are two Chipset in MOBO: Northbridge Chipset Southbridge
Chipset
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Also known as the I/O controller Hub (ICH) Is the chip that
controls all of the computers I/O functions, such as USB, audio,
serial, the system BIOS, the ISA bus, and the IDE channels.
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Also known as Memory Controller hub. Typically handles
communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP. Always closer to CPU w/
heat sink also one of the responsible in processing data.
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Computer bus storage-interface for connection host bus adapters
to mass storage devices. SATA Data cable High speed data transfer A
wire replacement for the older AT attachment standard (ATA) SATA
(Serial advance technology attachment)
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Data Cable
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More commonly known as ATA and is a standard interface for IBM
compatible hard drives. Primary IDE header Goes to hard disk
Secondary IDE header Goes to CD-ROM
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Data Cable
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Will give a power supply of the whole system board 24/20 PIN
depends on the system board
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24 PIN ATX Connector Pin Out
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This adds a additional 12v to your processor
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POST(Power-On-Self-Test) This produce audible beep indicating
an error, warning, or system ok.
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Connection where the CD drive is plugged in Also transfer power
to the CD drive such as the audit of the CD ROM Allows the computer
to recognized the drive in order to operate correctly
