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PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE INDEXwww.kemitraan.or.id/govindex

www.kemitraan.or.id

PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE INDEXAn Overview

www.kemitraan.or.id/govindex

Presented at the World BankJakarta, 15 February 2010

A Brief Background: Why Partnership Governance Index?

Governance quality is important for poverty reduction and other MDGs

Nation wide reform initiative

Regional autonomy led to a varying quality of governance

Indonesia needs objective assessment of governance

The Goals

To Provide a comprehensive and methodologically robust assessment of governance performance in all provinces.

Specifically, it will provide:

1. Profile of each province’s governance performance

2. Overall ranking of all provinces

3. Ranking of provinces based on arenas of governance

4. A wealth of data on specific indicators of governance

Uniqueness and strength of PGI

Assessment of all provinces Allow comparison between provinces on equal

terms Robust methodology Consist of many actionable indicators Covers all arenas of governance

Developing the index

Mapping existing studies, evaluations, assessments on governance in Indonesia and abroad

Extensive consultation with “experts,” stakeholders, and beneficieries on substantive and methodological issues

Long deliberation by team (scholars and experts)

The Conceptual Framework (1)

Governance process of policy making

policy implementation through interaction between state, civil society, and economy

based on certain principles

The Conceptual Framework (2)

Arena of GovernanceGovernment (Political Office), Bureaucracy, Civil Society, and Economic Society

Principles of GovernanceParticipation, Transparency, Fairness, Accountability, Efficiency, and Effectiveness

The Conceptual Framework (3)

Good Governance Matrix

Participation

Transparency

Fairness Account-ability

Efficiency Effectiveness

Government

Bureaucracy

Civil Society

Economic Society

Selecting themes/functions and

Indicators to be measured

“not all important things can be measured and not all that can be measured are important” -- Einstein

Themes and indicators are carefully selected, based on: Significance Relevance Discriminating power Availability of data Commonality across provinces

Arena Themes/FunctionNumber of Indicators

Government Regulatory Framework 9

Budget Allocation 14

Coordination of Development 10

Bureaucracy Revenue Collection 6

Public Services 8

Regulating Economy 6

Economic Society Tender dan Implementation of Government Projects

9

Civil Society Advocacy 13

Total number of indicators 75

Governance Themes and

Number of Indicators

PGI Structure

IndeksGood Governance

Angka IndeksGoverment

Angka IndeksBirokrasi

Angka IndeksCivil society

Angka IndeksEconomic society

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

IndeksGood Governance

Angka IndeksGoverment

Angka IndeksBirokrasi

Angka IndeksCivil society

Angka IndeksEconomic society

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Participation

Fairness

Accountability

Transparency

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Weighting arenas, principles, indicators

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine weight of arena, principle, and indicator

pair-ways comparison between indicators, principles, arenas The resulting weight of arenas:

Government (34.4%) Bureaucracy (27.4%) Civil Society (24.9%) Economic Society (14.2%)

Weight of arenas

Weight of principles

0.096 0.0900.208

0.100

0.167 0.141

0.150

0.197

0.2290.228

0.1980.212

0.2420.220

0.1990.191

0.1240.156

0.1130.157

0.143 0.165 0.132 0.143

GOVERNMENT(.344)

BUREAUCRACY(.274)

CIVIL SOCIETY(.249)

ECONOMICSOCIETY (.142)

EFFECTIVENESSEFFICIENCY TRANSPARANCY ACCOUNTABILITY FAIRNESS PARTICIPATION

METHOD (1)

Data Type Objective Data: Statistics and records of

activities

Data gathered through structured interviews with “well informed persons” persons with expertise in one or more arena of governance; they are selected purposively

METHOD (2)

Source of Objective Data • Most recent revenue and expenditure budget and related

documents (RPJMD, RKPD, Prolegda, KUA, Nota Keuangan, PPAS, LKPJ)

• Records of coordination meeting• Records of visits by Parliamentary commissions to districts/cities• Financial Audit (BPK Audit)• HDI• Tax and retribution potentials and realization• Provincial statistics (population, number of poor people,

unemployment rate/number, PDRB, gini ratio, purchasing parity index, health statistics, educational statistics, and others).

Location of dataNo. Source Location Objective WIP

1. Bureaucracy BPS √√

Dinas kesehatan √√ √√

Dinas pendidikan √√ √√

Dinas sosial √√ √√

Dinas PU √√ √√

Dispenda √√ √√

Disnaker √√ √√

Kesbanglinmas √√

Bappeda √√ √√

BKPMD √√ √√

Sekretariat Provinsi √√ √√

BPK √√

BPKP √√

Kantor Pajak √√ √√

2. Parliament Sekretariat DPRD √√ √√

Komisi-komisi √√

3 Civil society Pengurus atau pelaksana CSO √√ √√

4. Economic society Kadinda √√

Gepensi √√

HIPMI √√

5. Academe + Dosen, peneliti √√

6. Media Wartawan √√

Data to index

Reading the Index

1. Index ranges from 1 to 10

2. 1 is the lowest and 10 the highest

Democratic Governance Profile:Some Examples

Papua Barat: Overall Governance Index: 4.4

 Index Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness

Government 3.9 5.5 2.6 5.4 2.8 3.3 4.4

Bureaucracy 4.0 5.3 5.3 1.0 2.5 5.7 6.8

Civil Society 5.4 4.0 7.0 7.0 3.9 5.8 4.9

Economic Society 4.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 1.0 5.5

Gorontalo Province Overall Governance Index: 5.5

  Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness

Government 6.0 5.5 1.6 8.9 5.8 7.5 6.1

Bureaucracy 7.0 7.5 5.6 10.0 4.7 7.0 7.0

Civil Society 3.9 4.0 7.0 5.3 1.0 1.0 4.9

Economic Society 4.3 5.5 4.0 5.5 1.0 5.5 5.5

Sumatra Barat Province Overall Governance Index: 6.0

  Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness

Government 5.4 6.3 1.8 8.3 3.6 5.5 7.0

Bureaucracy 5.9 2.4 7.9 6.7 4.9 4.5 7.3

Civil Society 6.6 5.2 5.9 7.8 10.0 4.1 4.8

Economic Society 6.6 8.3 7.0 7.4 10.0 1.0 5.5

Democratic Governance Profile: Sumatra Barat Province

Sumatra Barat Province Overall Governance Index: 6.0

  Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness

Government 5.4 6.3 1.8 8.3 3.6 5.5 7.0

Bureaucracy 5.9 2.4 7.9 6.7 4.9 4.5 7.3

Civil Society 6.6 5.2 5.9 7.8 10.0 4.1 4.8

Economic Society 6.6 8.3 7.0 7.4 10.0 1.0 5.5

Democratic Governance Profile:Gorontalo Province

Gorontalo Province Overall Governance Index: 5.5

  Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness

Government 6.0 5.5 1.6 8.9 5.8 7.5 6.1

Bureaucracy 7.0 7.5 5.6 10.0 4.7 7.0 7.0

Civil Society 3.9 4.0 7.0 5.3 1.0 1.0 4.9

Economic Society 4.3 5.5 4.0 5.5 1.0 5.5 5.5

Democratic Governance Profile:West Papua Province

Papua Barat: Overall Governance Index: 4.4

  Index Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness

Government 3.9 5.5 2.6 5.4 2.8 3.3 4.4

Bureaucracy 4.0 5.3 5.3 1.0 2.5 5.7 6.8

Civil Society 5.4 4.0 7.0 7.0 3.9 5.8 4.9

Economic Society 4.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 1.0 5.5

Government Fairness Index:Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua

  Sumbar Gorontalo Papbar

FAIRNESS 1.8 1.6 2.6

Anggaran AP8D utk kesehatan (non belanja pegawai perkapita dibagi indeks kemahalan 2.4

1.2 4.2

Anggaran di APBD untuk penanganan kemiskinan perkapita terhadap indeks kemahalan 1.5

1.2 1.4

Anggaran APBD bidang pendidikan perkapita terhadap indeks kemahalan 1.2 1.8

2.7

Tingkat dskriminasi koordinasi gubernur terhadap kab/kota 10 10.0

7

Government Accountability Index:Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua

  Sumbar Gorontalo Papbar

ACCOUNTABILITY 8.3 6.9 5.4

Kesesuaian Prioritas Pemb di APBD thd RPJMD 10 10.0 7

Realisasi Pengesahan Perda dibandingkan Jml Program Legislasi Daerah 7.2

10.0 2.4

Rasio APBD Perubahan thd APBD tanpa Adanya Perubahan Asumsi Dasar, dll 8.1

7.1 9

Ketepatan Waktu Pengesahan Perda APBD 10 10.0 1

Tingkat penggunakan fungsi-fungsi kontrol DPRD terhadap Gubernur 4 7.0 4

Laporan hasil kunjungan kerja gubernur 10 10.0 5.5

Laporan hasil kunjungan kerja anggota DPRD 10 7.8 5.5

Government Transparency Index:Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua

  Sumbar Gorontalo Papbar

TRANSPARENCY 3.6 5.8 2.8

Ada lidaknya publikasi PERDA dan PerGub yang bisa diakses secara lengkap melalui web 5.5

5.5 5.5

Publikasi KUA (Kebijakan Umum anggaran Nota Keuangan, dan PPAS (Prioritas dan Plafon Anggaran Sementara) Web 1

7.0 1

Publikasi APBD provinsi di web 1 5.5 1

Publikasi Pergub APBD provinsi d web 1 5.5 1

Publikasi pertanggungjawaban APBD di website 1 5.5 1

Akses publik terhadap informasi hasil-hasil rapat koordinasi antara gubernur dg Kab/Kota 1

5.5 5.5

Akses publik terhadap informasi hasil-hasil rapat koordinasi antara Gubernur dan DPRD 10

5.5 5.5

New Province vs. “Original” Province

Performance Comparison:Government and Bureaucracy

Performance Comparison:Government and Bureaucracy

Index By Arena

1.94

2.59

2.88

3.44

3.53

3.63

3.81

3.91

3.91

4.00

4.19

4.19

4.28

4.75

4.75

5.13

5.31

5.41

5.59

6.16

6.34

6.53

6.63

6.63

7.00

7.28

7.28

7.28

7.56

7.75

8.31

8.31

9.16

Bali

Nusa Tenggara Barat

Banten

Kalimantan Barat

Riau

bangka Belitung

Sumatera utara

Sulawesi Utara

Papua Barat

Kalimantan Selatan

Kalimantan Timur

DKI Jakarta

Jawa Timur

Jawa Tengah

Jawa Barat

DI Yogyakarta

Nanggro Aceh D

Papua

maluku Utara

Sulawesi Barat

Kepulauan Riau

Jambi

Sulawesi Tengah

Lampung

Bengkulu

Sulawesi Selatan

Maluku

Kalimantan Tengah

Nusa Tenggara Timur

Sumatera Selatan

Sumatera Barat

Gorontalo

Sulawesi utara

Gender Balance Index

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI and HDI

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

PG

I

HDI

r = 0.31*

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI - Government Index and

Human Development Index

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

HDI

Go

vt I

nd

ex

r = 0.21*

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI – Bureaucracy Index and

Human Development Index

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

60 65 70 75 80

HDI

Bu

reau

In

dex

r = 0.35**

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI – Bureaucracy and

Poverty

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Bur

eau

Inde

x

P ov erty

r = - 0.38**

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government – Accountability and

Human Development Index

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

Acc

ount

abili

ty

HDI

r = 0.03

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government - Accountability and

Poverty

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Acc

ount

abili

ty

P ov erty

r = - 0.12

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government - Transparency and

Poverty

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

Tran

spar

ency

HDI

r = 0.39**

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government – Transparency and

APM

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Tra

nsp

aren

cy

AP M

r = 0.45***

PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI – Government Fairness and HDI

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78

Fai

rnes

s

HDI

r = 0.52***