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Lesson 1: Absolute Zero
Learning Objectives:• describe the term absolute zero• convert between Kelvin and Celsius scales of
temperature• describe how the temperature of a gas relates to
the speed and kinetic energy of its particles• recognise that the Kelvin temperature of a gas
and the average kinetic energy of its particles are directly proportional.
http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?c3=1&mid=48&l=
Celsius to Kelvin?
To change 100 °C into Kelvin just add 273.
So 100 °C = (100 + 273) K = 373 K.What are the following temperatures in
Kelvin?0 °C, 20 °C, 37 °C, 500 °C, -5 °C, -169
°C
Kelvin to Celsius?
To change 100 K into Celsius just subtract 273.
So 500 K = (500 - 273) K = 227 °C.What are the following temperatures in
Celsius?0 K, 200 K, 300 K, 1 000 K
Making ThermometersMaking Thermometers1. Fill a bowl with crushed ice.2. Put a little coloured dye in the flask, then fill it to the top
with crushed ice. Stand it in the bowl with crushed ice and leave it for 15 mins.
3. Push the rubber bung on, and mark the level of the risen liquid.
4. Then put the flask into a water bath and leave for 15 mins.
5. Mark the new level.6. Divide the distance between the two marks into 5 equal
divisions. Each division will represent 10 degrees.7. Leave the flask on the bench for 15 mins, and mark the
new level.
At __________ (–273 ºC or 0 K) particles __________ moving. You convert ºC to K by adding __________. Increasing the __________ increases the speed of the particles. The _________ in a gas are continually colliding with each other. The kelvin temperature and the average __________ energy of the particles are directly __________ to each other (i.e. double the __________ temperature, __________ the kinetic energy).
273 absolute zero double kelvinkinetic particles proportional stop
temperature
Plenary• Explain how we can move
from degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin and back again
• Explain why this weather balloon is released when more gas could be added
http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2045/MH_sims/ideal_nav.swf
Charles Law Simulation
http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/gaslaw/charles_law.html
Kinetic Theory Model
http://www.practicalphysics.org/go/Experiment_365.html
http://penguincentral.com/pics/gallery/S-131/96ilc31k.jpg