Particle Removal with Membranes in Water Treatment in ... · Particle Removal with Membranes in Water ... At this time there was no membrane filtration plant in ... Possibly operational

Particle Removal with Membranes in Water Treatment in Germany

State of the Art and Further Developments

Innovation of Membrane Technology for

Water and Wastewater Treatment

Yokohama (22.11.2006)

Rolf Gimbel, Stefan Panglisch, Andreas Loi-Brügger

2

Institute of Energy and Environmental EngineeringWater Technology

Campus Duisburg

Mülheim an der Ruhr

Campus Essen34,000 students in Duisburg and Essen

5,500 students in the Faculty of Engineering

3

IWW - Facts and Figures

Location

Muelheim an der Ruhr

Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany

IWW in Figures

about 50 scientists, engineers and technicians

IWW is an institute associated with the

University Duisburg-Essen as a limited

non-profit-making company:

Applied Research

Consulting

Service

Campus Essen

Muelheim an der Ruhr

Campus Duisburg

4

IWW-Organisation Chart

Water

Resources

Management

Dr. A. Bergmann

Water

Technology

Dr.-Ing. S. Panglisch

Water Quality

Dr. U. Borchers

Applied

Microbiology

Dr. G. Schaule

Management

Consulting

Dipl.-Volksw. A. Hein

Resources

Protection

Water Catchment

Simulation of

Transport and

Treatment Processes

Water Technology

Membrane Technology

Corrosion Prevention

Swimming Pool Techn.

Inorganic

Analysis Lab

Organic

Analysis Lab

Microbiological

Analysis Lab

Efficiency Consulting

Software

Development

Professional

Education

Hygiene

Biofilms

Biofilm Monitoring

Executive Board Dr.-Ing. Wolf Merkel - Klaus-Dieter Neumann

Scientific Board

Water Chemistry

Prof. Dr. H.-M. Kuss

Water Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Gimbel

Microbiology

Prof. Dr. H.-C. FlemmingManagement Consulting

Prof. H. Schulte

Consulting Applied Research Fundamental Research

5

1. State of the Art in Germany

2. Developments in the German Market

3. Largest Membrane Plants in Germany

4. Current Research

Overview

6

Application of Membranes for Drinking Water Production in Germany

7

Origin of Raw Water for Ultrafiltration (relating to number of plants)

18,6%

81,4%

Surface Water Carstic, Well, and/or Springwater

8

Overview Germany: MF and UF plants > 8 m³/h for Drinking Water Production Number

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Year of construction

Nu

mb

er

of

pla

nts

Zenon - - - 1 1 3 5 10 12

X-Flow - 1 1 5 9 17 17 19 19

Pall - - - - - 2 4 12 20

inge - - - - 4 7 9 13 18

Aquasource 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

9

Overview Germany: MF and UF plants > 8 m³/h for Drinking Water Production Capacity

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

Year of construction

Ca

pa

cit

y in

m³/

h

Zenon - - - 39 39 157 577 1.461 1.675

X-Flow - 140 140 1.075 1.330 2.006 2.006 8.025 8.025

Pall - - - - - 210 265 526 987

inge - - - - 377 540 573 1.766 2.649

Aquasource 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

10

Summary: State of the Art in Germany

Due to the water resources no need of reverse osmosis

or nanofiltration in general (up to some few special

applications)

Due to best removal of viruses mainly ultrafiltration,

just some microfiltration plants

Applications in germany:

Surface (reservoir) water

water affected by surface water (carstic water, spring water...)

backwash water (from conventional filtration, from membrane

filtration)

Currently, the largest UF in Germany for drinking water

treatment has a capacity of 7,630 m³/h (reservoir water)

incl. 630 m³/h backwash water treatment

11




4. Current Research

Overview

12

Process Development: Hybrid process Flocculation/ UF

UFFlocculation

+ UFNF

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%DO

C-re

tent

ion

Range of results

Minimum retention

13

Process Development: Hybrid process Flocculation/ UF

150

170

190

210

230

250

270

290

310

12:00 20:00 4:00 12:00

Pe

rme

ab

ilit

y 2

0 °

C [

L/m

2/h

/ba

r]

0

Chemical enhanced

backwash

Failure of Al- Dosage

14

The Market in Germany:New Membrane Developments

Inge, Multibore

Higher mechanical stability

Membrana, Liqui-Flux

Higher packing density

(61 m²/module)

Nadir, Bio-Cell

Self-supporting Membrane Bags

Submerged Membranes

15

The Market in Germany:New Membrane Process Combinations

16

Nominal pore size 0.1 µm

Membrane surface area 25 m²

Size of channel 2.5 mm

Number of channel 2,000

Material Ceramic

Dimension 180 x 1,500 mm

The Market in Germany:New Competitors: Ceramic MF by NGK, Japan

economically comparable

flux performance higher

higher recovery

higher lifetime

no broken fibers to be expected

but:

less virus removal

references just starting in

Europe

17

Summary: Market Developments

Hybrid process Flocculation/ UF is on the

advance

Development of high stability capillaries and

self-supporting flat sheet membranes

Development of membrane modules with high

packing density

Development of new membrane combinations

New competitors from abroad with ceramic

membranes

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4. Current Research

Overview

19

Roetgen: Commencements

In the middle of the nineties coliforms and E.coli were detected in the drinking water of the water works Roetgen (6,000 m³/h, using reservoir water) after heavy rainfalls

It was decided to investigate the suitability of membrane filtration

At this time there was no membrane filtration plant in Germany operated and no experience with technical membrane plants

Membrane pilot experiments were started

20

Treatment scheme of WW Roetgen and pilot phases

1. Stage

UF-pilot plants

X-Flow,

Zenon,

inge,

Puron

NaOH

Al2(SO4)3 or

Polyaluminium

ChloridFiltrate

Backwashwatertank

Reaction-Basin

Al2(SO4)3

Ca(OH)2

Ca(OH)2 Cl2 ClO2

Flocculation

agents (optional)Disinfection

1. Filtrationstep

2. Filtrationstep

Drinking watertank

Distributionsystem

reservoir

Discharge

Filtrate

2. Stage

UF-pilot plants

X-Flow,

Zenon,

inge,

Puron

KMnO4

21

Use of Chemicals to Clean the Membranes of the Pilot Plants in Roetgen

Start in 1995 with NaOCland H2O2

Later also with ClO2

Since November 2001 only with H2SO4

and NaOH

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Applications I: Drinking Water TreatmentRejection of microorganisms (B.Subtilis, 300 nm)

09:3

5

09:4

5

10:1

5

10:4

5

11:0

5

11:3

0

11:4

0

12:1

0

12:4

0

13:1

0

13:3

0

permeate Aquasource (UF)

permeate X-Flow (UF)

permeate Memtec (MF)

feed

1,00E+00

1,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

1,00E+06

1,00E+07

B.S

ub

tili

s/5

00

ml

back flush

23

08:45 09:45 10:30 11:0011:27 12:00

12:30

permeate UF1

permeate UF2

permeate MF

feed

1,00E+00

1,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

1,00E+04

1,00E+05

MS

2-P

hag

en

/ml

back flush

Applications II: Drinking Water TreatmentRejection of MS2-Phagen (20 nm)

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Intake Tank

Pre-filtration

Ultrafiltration

1. stage

Limestone filtration

Desinfection

Storage

Flocculation (in-line)

Powdered activated carbon (optional)

NaOH / CO2

CO2 (optional)

NaOH (optional)

New components

are underlined

Al2(SO4)3 or Polyaluminium chloride (optional)

reservoir

Re-feedUltrafiltration

2. stage

Discharge

Backwash-water

Optimal Process Combination (Roetgen)

25

Xiga Concept

70,000 m²

12 blocs, 36 pressure

tubes each

7,000 m³/h maximum

capacity

Largest membrane plant

in Germany

UF Membrane Plant in Roetgen:Start of operation in November 2005

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27


28


29


30

Scheme of the backwash water treatment in Roetgen

Buffering of

chemical-free

backwash water

UF-plant for

backwash water

(2. Stage, (BW-UF)

Sedimentation tank 1

Refeed into the

feed of the 1. stageThickener

CentrifugeDischarge into

the receiving water

Buffering,

neutralisation,

and if necessary

reduction

Chemical-free

backwash water

Chemical-containing

backwash water

(Acid, base or, if

necessary oxidizing

agent)

Membrane plant for drinking water production (1. stage)

Sewer

Earth basin/

Soilfilter

Powdered activated carbon

(if necessary)

Reducing agent

(if necessary)

Sedimentation tank 2

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Backwash Water Treatment: inge System

7,000 m²

3 blocs, 78

elements each

630 m³/h maximum

capacity

Largest backwash

water treatment

plant with

membranes (at

least) in Germany

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Summary: Roetgen

Start of operation of the largest UF plants of Germany for drinking water production (7,000 m³/h) as well as for backwash water treatment (630 m³/h) in November 2005

Drinking water line is carried out as advanced hybride process with in-line coagulation

Permeability of drinking water line approx. 400 l/m²bar h

CEB just with acidic or alkaline solution and without dosing oxidizing agents

Overall recovery by additional backwash water treatment is higher than 99.5 %

Specific costs of the process (investment including building and operational costs) are below 10 €Cent per m³ produced drinking water

33




4. Current Research

Overview

34

Current Research in our group

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for

Monitoring, controlling and automation

Optimizing of operation and costs

Improvement of basic knowledge about membrane

processes

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Optimizing of geometry and hydraulics of

membranes, modules and reactors

UF as pretreatment for RO-Desalination

Retention of Xenobiotics (nature extrinsic

organic substances) by PAC/UF, NF, RO

35

Optimization of UF/MF-plants by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

Input

Parameters

Output

ParametersANN

Temperature

Turbidity

------------------------------------------

Flocculation pH

Feed pressure

Backwashing conditions

Flux

Filtration time

Al-concentration

Water Quality

Process

Adjustable

36

Modelling of UF/MF by ANN

Further development in a research project

funded by the German Federal Ministry for

Education and Research- mechanism of membrane blocking

- evaluation of main effects responsible for blocking

- development of strategies to minimize blocking

- influence of coagulation pre-treatment

37


38


39

UF as Pretreatment for Seawater RO (SWRO); Background

Today, RO has a market share of 20 % of the

worldwide installed capacity for seawater

desalination

It is assumed, that the market share with new

plants will grow to 50 % in the next years

40

UF as Pretreatment for Seawater RO (SWRO); Background

Advantages RO:

Investment costs approx. 30 % lower than for

thermal plants

Much lower energy demand

Lower required space

Disadvantages RO:

Possibly operational problems by membrane fouling

Varying quality of rawwater has big influence on

plant performance, chemical consumption,

membrane lifetime, ... and operational costs

41

UF as Pretreatment for Seawater RO (SWRO)

Pilot experiments of the companies Taprogge and inge

at Arabic Gulf with scientific consultancy of IWW

42

Many Thanks

for Your

Interest

Documents

Particle Removal with Membranes in Water Treatment in ... · Particle Removal with Membranes in Water ... At this time there was no membrane filtration plant in ... Possibly operational