For office use only

Participatory Rural Appraisal Report of

Chikhali, Tal. Mohol,

Dist. Solapur

Summarized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Solapur - 413213, M.S.

2012-13

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, MOHOL

CONTENTS

Sr. No. Content

1 Introduction

2 Bench mark survey

Climate and Land Holding Pattern

Soil and water conservation structures

Irrigation/ water Source

Natural Vegetation

Cropping Pattern

3 PRA

Village map

Social map

Soil Map and Village Transect

Time line

Trend analysis

Matrix ranking

Venn diagram

List Of Participated Farmers in PRA

4 SWOT and POIN Analysis

5 Seasonability

6 Major Cropping Pattern

7 Major Problem Identified

8 Problem Cause Diagram

9 Farmers – Scientist interaction for action plan development

10 PRA photo

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) - 2012

Chikhali 1. Introduction:

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol undertaken the Participatory Rural Appraisal Survey

of Chikhali village for identifying the needs, problems, present agriculture situation and

basic information about village.

KVK performing various crop production techniques, training programmes, crop

demonstrations, on farm trials and organizes various programmes for practicing farmers,

rural youth, farm women for increasing crop production and self-employment generation.

KVK also providing various inputs and services to farmers such as Soil, Water, Plant,

Fertilizers Testing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides, Vermicompost, Vermiwash at

reasonable rate.

Village Chikhali situated on Solapur- Pune National Highway-9 about 10 km away from tahsil place Mohol, Dist- Solapur. Village Chikhali comes under scarcity zone A major crop includes Maize, Sorghum, Tur, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Onion, Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli and Ber.

The Participatory Rural Appraisal Survey of Chikhali village was conducted to get basic information and information regarding cropping pattern, irrigation facilities, changing climate condition, rainfall, soil type, availability of resources, thrust areas, problems and to identify needs of the farmer. The basic information of village was collected by refering records available in Grampnchayat office and also by ineracting with key informants, official members of panchayat, progressive farmers, old age farmers and youths.

Facilitators: 1 Dr. D. R. Nandre. 2 Shri. A. G. Dighe 3 Dr. N.S. Deshmukh 4 Dr. P. G. Chavan 5 Smt. K. A. Jadhav 6 Shri. D. N. Kshirsagar 7 Ms. S. B. Kakade 8 Shri. T. P. Ahire

2. Bench mark survey of Chikhali 2.1 Climate:

The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South-West monsoon starts

from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there are short and long

dry spells occurs between the outset and station of rain.

Annual Rainfall Approximate 537 mm

Period June to Oct

Temperature Maximum 40.40c

Minimum 120c

Distribution:

Month Temperature

(OC) Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Maxi Min Morning Evening

Jan 30.8 12.32 59.2 28.2 0.0

Feb 35 14.42 54.75 30.25 0.0

Mar 38.2 16.22 33.8 17.85 0.0

Apr 40.26 23.5 53.64 28.28 8.2

May 40.42 23.4 71.5 38 7.6

Jun 36.8 78.625 77.5 46.5 65.3

July 33.36 22.88 79.4 53.6 55.8

Aug 33.62 21.82 79 53.5 39.0

Sept 33 21.9 75.25 51 35.8

Oct 32.32 19.42 72.6 47.2 148.4

Nov 31.57 15.1 61.25 37.5 3.4

Dec 31.7 13.175 58.25 34.5 0.0

Reference: Agril. Research Station, Mohol , year:2012

2.2 Geographical area: 1003 ha

Cultivable area : 877 ha

Irrigated area : 80 ha

2.3 Soil and Water conservation structures:

Nala Bund

Earthen Bund

Percolation tank

Farm Pond

2.4 Irrigation/water source facilities:

Well : 50

Bore well : 260

Nala Bunding

Percolation tank

Farm pond

:

:

:

40

09

02

Hand Pump : 09

2.5 Natural vegetation:

Trees : Neem, tamarind, Babul, Ber, Mango, Chillar etc.

Shrubs : Nirgudi, Cassia, Euphobia, Hiwar etc.

Weeds /floara : Harali, Lavala, Kena, Cocks comb, Parthenium, Kusal, Pathri,

Sarata etc.

2.6 Cropping pattern:

3. PRA at Chikhali, Tal Mohol, Dist. Solapur

The different tools used for PRA Village Map Social Map Soil map Transect walk Time line Trend analysis Venn diagram Matrix ranking

Season Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Fruits Vegetables Fodder crop

Kharif Maize Pigeon Pea,

Groundnut Ber

Pomegranate

Grapes

Onion, Tomato,

Brinjal, Chilli,

Ridge gourd,

cucumber and

Drumstick.

Maize,

Rabi Sorghum,

Wheat

Maize

Gram - Sorghum,

Maize

Summer - - Groundnut Maize,

Annual Sugarcane

3.1 Village map

The village map of the Chikhali was collected from Talathi Office, Chikhali.

3.2 Social map of Chikhali village:

1. Population : 1246

2. Educational facilities

Literacy percentage : 73%

Nursery/ Anganwadi : 01

Z.P. School(1 to 7 std) : 01

Higher Secondary : Angar (7 Km away from Chikhali)

Mohol(10 Km away from Chikhali)

Junior/Senior College : Angar (7 Km away from Chikhali)

Mohol(10 Km away from Chikhali)

3. Drinking water availability : Tap water- 54, Hand pump- 9,

Well- 01, Borerwell- 01

4. Temple : [Hemadpanthi] Siddheshwar Temple,

Shiva Temple, Marimata, Maruti temple

5. Material availability in the village

a. Grocery : 06

b. Seeds/ Fertilizers/ Insecticides and fungicides

Krishi Seva Kendra : 01

6. Farm implements

1. Tractor : 10 2. Seed Drill : 12

3.Thresher : 03 4.Sprayer (Manual) : 250

5.Sprayer (HTP) : 104 6. Rotavator : 03

7. Electric pump : 110

7. Medical facilities

Name of institute /organization In Village Nearby Village Distance from Village

a. Primary Health Center Nil Angar 7 km

b. b. Veterinary Health Center Nil Angar 7 km

8. Marketing facility

Sr. No Market place Distance

1 APMC, Mohol : 10 km

2 APMC, Solapur : 50 km

3 Modnimb : 10 km

9. Availability of technology/ knowledge source

a. Information regarding agricultural

practices

: 1. ZARS, Solapur. 2. ARS, Mohol. 3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol. 4. News Paper, Agrowan, Television,

Radio.

10. Dairy Facilities

a. No. of dairies

b. Khoa making unit

: 02

: 01

11. Self help groups : 13

12. Social/ Cultural Group

a. Youth club : 05

b. Mahila Mandal : 02

c. Bhajani Mandal : 02

13. Village Artist : Masonry workers of the village are

famous in the district.

14. Irrigation facilities : 1. wells: 52

2. Borewells: 264

3.3 Soil Map of village:

Soil map indicating type of soils structures available in village.

Soil Map of village Chikhali

3.4 Transect of village Chikhali:

The transect walk was carried out with the help of group of farmers involved

during PRA. The availability of various components was collected by observatory method

in the village as follows.

Topography Leveled Slope 1 to 2 %

Slope 2 to 3 %

Slightly sloppy 2 to 4%

Soil type Medium Medium to light Light soil Shallow

Irrigation source

Well, Borewell Well, Borewell

Borewell Well

Borewell

Crops and Cropping system

Sugarcane, Sorghum, Maize, Wheat, Groundnut

Sorghum, Maize, Gram, Pigeonpea, Groundnut, Pearl-millet, Udid

Maize, Pearlmillet, Mataki

Pearkmillet, Mataki

Trees

Neem, Acasia, Tamarind

Neem, Acasia, Tamarind

Neem, Acacia, chillar

Neem, Acacia, chillar

Fruit trees Ber, Jamun, Mango, watermelon

Mango, Ber, Watermelon

Ber, Watermelon, Lime, Pomegranate

Ber, Pomegranate

Vegetables Tomato, Brinjal, Onion, Cucumber

Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Cucumber, Ridgegourd, Drumstick, onion

Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Cucumber, Ridgegourd, Drumstick

Tomato

Weeds

Harali, lavala Parthenium, cocks comb, Kena, Pathri

Harali, Lavala, Parthenium, cocks comb, Bilayat, Kena, Pathri, Sarata

Cocks comb, Kusal, Dudhani, Pathri, Bilayat, Sarata

Kusal, Cock comb, Dudhani, Sarata

Animals Cow Khillar, Jerssey, HF Buffalo Pandharpuri Goat Osmanabadi Poultry birds Deshi

3.5 Time line:-

The major event remembered by the villagers was drawn with the help of key

informants.

Year Major events 1940 Bicycle 1945 Z. P. Primary School 1950 Radio 1953 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1957 Tol dhad infestation on crop 1972 Nala Bund 1972 Percolation Tank 1972 Famine

1973-74 Hybrid seed 1976 Tractor 1977 Electricity 1980 Chemical fertilizers 1980 Motorcycle 1982 Drip irrigation 1982 Drinking Water Well and Pipeline 1985 Telephone 1984 Television 1990 Thresher 1992 Earthquake 2000 Self Help Groups 2002 Mobile 2005 Tempo 2005 Jeep

2010-11 Solar system 2011 Nursery

3.6 Trend analysis: The trend analysis in respect of rainfall, water table, cropping pattern, area of various crops grown during the year, livestock etc. was done with the help of the farmer participants involved in PRA.

Particulars 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Rainfall ***** **** **** ** *** *** ***

Kharif cropping area 00000 0000 000 00 0000 0000 000

Rabi cropping area ##### #### ### ### #### #### ####

Horticultural Crops

Tomato - - ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^

Pomegranate - - - - - vv vv

Chilli OO OO OOO OOO OO OOO OOOO

Ridgegourd - - - - YY YYY YYY

Brinjal - > >> >> >>> >>> >>>>

Area under various crops

Sugarcane - - $ $ $$ $$$ $$$

Rabi Sorghum @@@@ @@@@ @@@ @@@ @@ @@ @@

Maize - - - X XX XX XX

Attack of Insect /Pest - - ! ! !! !!! !!!

Livestock

Cow

Desi - AA AAA AA AAA AA AA

Crossbreed - - - < << << <<<

Buffalo

Pandharpuri - - B B BB BB BBB

3.7 . Schemes and Projects implemented in village:

Sr. No

Name of scheme year particulars

1 Hariyali 4- MNB, 5 ponds, arden structure, compartmental bunding, ...etc.

2 13 th Finance commission Tree plantation

Matrix ranking:

The Matrix ranking was completed with the help of the participatory farmers in

respect of various crops, varieties is given below.

1. Matrix ranking of crops:

Sr. No.

Particulars/ Crop

Cereal Pulses Oilseed Vegetable Cash crop Fruit crop

1 Food 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 Fodder 5 3 2 2 3 1 3 Expenditure

on fertilizers 2 2 2 5 5 4

4 Market price 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 Income 3 3 3 4 5 3

Rank III V VI II I IV It is observed that cash crop is major crop followed by vegetable.

2. Matrix ranking of Sugarcane:

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties 671 86032 1 Availability of planting material 3 4 2 Crop duration 4 5 3 Expenditure on fertilizers 3 4 4 Ratoon Yield 2 5

Rank II I 3. Matrix ranking of maize:

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Paras Kaveri 1 Grain yield 4 3 2 Fodder yield 4 4 3 Drought resistant 4 3 4 Fodder quality 4 2 5 Market price 5 4

Rank I II 4. Matrix ranking of Wheat

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties 2189 Lokwan 1 Grain yield 3 4 2 Fodder yield 3 3 3 Drought resistance 3 5 4 Yield 4 4

Rank II I

5. Matrix ranking of Tomato

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties 501 Abhinav Kno new Seed 5024

1 Plant growth 4 5 3 2 Fruit quality 4 4 3

3 Disease and pest resistant

3 3 3

4 Keeping quality for distance market

3 4 2

5 Market price 4 4 3 Rank II I III

5. Matrix ranking of Chilli Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Bejo 378 Sitara

1 Plant growth 5 4 2 Fruit size 4 3 3 Disease and pest resistant 3 3 4 Yield 4 3

Rank I II 6. Matrix ranking of Ridge gourd

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Naga Mahyco 1 Plant growth 4 5 2 Fruit quality 4 4 3 Disease and pest resistant 3 4 4 Yield 4 4

Rank II I 7. Matrix ranking of Cucumber

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Jipsy Swati 1 Plant growth 4 4 2 Fruit quality 4 3 3 Disease and pest resistant 4 3 4 Yield 5 4 5 Market price 5 3

Rank I II 8. Matrix ranking of Brinjal

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Mah-10 Manjri 1 Plant growth 4 5 2 Fruit quality 4 5 3 Disease and pest resistant 3 3 4 Yield 3 4 5 Market price 4 4

Rank II I

3.8 Venn diagram:

The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and

cooperation between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of farmers.

This indicates the importance of the various individuals and the institutions in and outside

the village with regard to a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of various

organizations/ individuals for a phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the circles and

distance from the centre.

3.9 Farmers participated in PRA:

1 Dasharath Limba Shirsath 19 Kondiba Sudam Mate 2 Prakash Shamrao Mate 20 Suhasini Hanumant Shirsath 3 Shivaji Ranganath Randhwe 21 Vishnu Haridas Yadav 4 Vishwanath Hanumant Shinde 22 Tukaram Ganpat Mate 5 Dagadu Shankar Gawali 23 Mahadev Ranganath Mendhe 6 Mahadev Gangaram Mane 24 Rajaram Yashwant Karande 7 Rukhmini Dashrath Sirsath 25 Manohar Nagnath Mendhe 8 Pralhad Mariba Shirsath 26 Sahebrao Dada Shirsath 9 Vitthal Gejendra Mate 27 Sambhaji Govind Patil 10 Dnyandev Phula Jadhav 28 Nagnath Chandrahar Shinde

VENN DIAGRAM of village Chikhali, Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur

11 Suryabhan More 29 Vishnu Yashwant Karande 12 Rajkumar Uddhav Mali 30 Dattatray Vishnu Karande 13 Dattatray K. Mendhe 31 Shivaji Dashrath Mendhe 14 Balaji Chandrakant Waghmode 32 Rajendra Mate 15 Bhanudas Bramhadev Mendhe 33 Bhawath Nagnath Mendhe 16 Mahadev Prabhakar Mali 34 Anil Shamrao Barbole 17 Bhagwan Mendhe 35 Rajaram Pandurang Shirsath 18 Balaji Ramchandra Mate 36 Pandurang Nagnath Mendhe 4 .1 SWOT analysis of village: S- Strength, W- Weaknesses, O- Opportunity, T- Threats Strength:

1. Village is situated on National Highway No. 9. 2. Soil and climate suitable for agronomical crops. 3. Maximum number of vegetable growers. 4. Availability of organic waste. 5. Soil is best suitable for fruit and vegetable crops. 6. Availability of transport facilities. 7. Maximum number of live stock. 8. Availability of Self-Help Groups. 9. Missionary workers of the village are famous. 10. Positive attitude towards adopting new technologies. 11. Awareness towards mass media.

Weaknesses: 1. Unawareness about improved cultivation practices. 2. Lack of knowledge about soil testing and INM. 3. Lack of knowledge regarding IPM and INM practices. 4. Use of local varieties. 5. Imbalanced use of fertilizers. 6. Irrigation facilities are insufficient. 7. Lack of knowledge about use of bio-fertilizers. 8. Unawareness about soil and water conservation practices. 9. Unawareness about scientific feeding management to livestock.

Opportunities: 1. Scope for introducing diversified farming system. 2. Scope for introducing horticultural crops. 3. Well drain soil suitable for plantation of fruit crops. 4. Scope for increasing area under pulses and oilseeds crops. 5. Scope for agro based food processing. 6. Farmer’s participation is helpful for transfer of new technology.

Threats:

1. Monocropping. 2. Depleting of ground water table. 3. Soil degradation due to imbalanced use of fertilizers.

4.2 POIN analysis

Sr. No.

Problem Opportunity Issues Needs

1 Monocropping Diversified farming approach

Lack of knowledge about cropping system

Intercropping crop rotation

2 Unawareness about dryland technologies

Incorporation of dryland technologies

Traditional farming approach, use of local varieties.

Training Group discussions Kisan Mela

3 Indiscriminate use of fertilizers

Use of balanced dose of fertilizers as per recommendations

Excess use of fertilizers

INM practices Use of bio-fertilizers soil testing

4 Lack of knowledge about pest and disease management

Introduction of IPM and IDM practices, Introduction of resistant varieties

Unawareness about use of pesticides and fungicides, Traditional farming system

Training Demonstrations, Literature

5 Low milk yield Increasing milk yield Unawareness about breeding, feeding management

Balanced ration of livestock and health management

6 Unawareness of processing of food

Scope for establishment of SSI

Lack of knowledge Training Exposure visit Demonstrations

7 Less participation of farm women in decision making

Increasing involvement of farm women in decision making

Traditional culture, illiteracy

Training, Formation of SHG

5.1 Seasonability of weather:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall - - - - - *** **** ***** ***** *** ** -

Temperature * *** **** **** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** *

Humidity ** ** * * * *** **** **** **** ** ** ***

5.2 Seasonability of crop:

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Tomato

Chilli

Brinjal

Leafy

Vegetables

Ridgegourd

Onion

Cucumber

Watermelon

5.3 Seasonability of animal diseases:

Particular Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

H.S

FMD

Diarrhoea

5.4 Seasonability of pest and disease:

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

(Adasali)

Sorghum

Wheat

Brinjal

Wooly Aphid

Top Shoot Borer

Red rot

Shoot Fly

Chikta

Top shoot borer

Rust

Chilli

Tomato

Onion

Watermelon

6. Major cropping pattern:

1. Vegetable based production system 2. Dairy based production system 3. Rabi Jowar based production system

7. Major problems identified in village: A. Agronomy

1. Monoculture cropping pattern. 2. Traditional farming approach. 3. Lack of seed treatment. 4. Unawareness of biofertilizers. 5. Imbalanced use of fertilizers. 6. Improper sowing method.

B. Horticulture

1. Unawareness about INM in fruit crop. 2. Indiscriminate use of insecticide, pesticide and fungicide. 3. Imbalanced use of fertilizers. 4. Lack of scientific knowledge regarding post harvest technologies in fruit crops. 5. Lack of knowledge about proper methods of training, pruning in fruit crops. 6. Unawareness about handling of vegetable seedling during transplanting.

Leaf curl

Thrips

Fruit borer

Wilt

Fruit borer

Wilt

Thrips

Aphid Jassid, white fly

Downey mildew

C. Livestock 1. Unawareness about scientific feeding management practices. 2. Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of fodder crops. 3. Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule. 4. Low milk yield in buffalow and indigenous cattle. 5. Improper care and management of livestock.

D. Soil Science

1. Unawareness about soil sampling. 2. Unawareness about soil and water conservation practices. 3. Imbalanced use of fertilizers.

E. Food science and technology

1. Lack of knowledge about post harvest management practices. 2. Unawareness about processing of agricultural produce. 3. Lack of scientific knowledge and skill about value addition of fruit and

vegetables. 4. Low risk bearing ability for establishment of agro based industries.

F. Agriculture Extension 1. Traditional attitude towards agriculture. 2. Less participation of woman in decision making. 3. Technological gap amongst the farmers. 4. Less awareness about mass media.

8. Problem cause diagram: a. Problem cause diagram for low yield in sugarcane:

b. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Sorghum :

c. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Tomato:

d. Problem Cause Diagram for low yield in Onion :

Low yield in Tomato

Use of local variety

Scientific staking not followed

Occurrence of pest and diseases

Micronutrient deficiency

Imbalanced use of fertilizers

Lack of knowledge

Lack of knowledge

Lack of seedling treatment

Less use of micronutrients

Lack of knowledge

Low yield in Onion

Use of local variety

Imbalanced use of fertilizers

Improper irrigation

Incidence of pest and diseases

Lack of knowledge

Lack of knowledge

Lack of integrated water management

Lack of seed treatment

e. Problem cause diagram of low yield in Chilli :

f. Problem Cause Diagram for low milk yield :

Low yield in Chilli

Use of local variety

Occurrence of pest and diseases

INM

Irrigation management

Lack of knowledge

No seedling treatment

Lack of knowledge

Improper irrigation

Low milk yield in

Improper health management

Mineral mixture deficiency

Shortage of green fodder during summer

Improper breeding

Unawareness

Unaware about balanced feeding

Area under scarcity zone

Lack of knowledge

Vaccination

Improper feeding to cattle and buffalo Lack of knowledge

Unawareness

9. Implications:

The KVK scientist interacted with the farmers and discuss with farmers in relation

to their problebms, constraints and weeds in agriculture. As per the problems, needs of the

farmers the KVK scientist given implications as follows.

1. Agronomy:

To incorporate diversified farming approach.

To change in traditional farming approach.

Use of proper sowing methods.

To create awareness about importance of seed treatment and use of biofertilizer.

Balance use of fertilizers as per recommendation.

Follows IPM, IDM and IWM methods.

To aware about use of improved varieties.

Use of drip and sprinkler irrigation system.

Incorporate intercropping and crop rotation.

2. Horticulture:

To aware about INM practices in fruits and vegetables crops.

Use of proper methods of training, prunning in fruit crop

Use of micro irrigation system for irrigation and application of water soluble fertilizer.

To aware about nursery management practices.

To develop skill about post harvest technologies in fruits and vegetable crops.

To aware about improved cultivation practices in fruit and vegetable crop.

Follows IPM, IDM, IWM prctices in horticultural crops.

Need to increase area under fruit crop.

3. Livestock:-

To aware farmers about importance of sanitation and hygiene ine livestock

Need to increase milk production by use and balance feed in livestock.

To aware farmer about suplement feed, mineral mixture in livestock.

To aware farmer about vaccination for health management of livestock.

Need to cultivation of improved fodder crop, varieties.

4. Soil Science:-

To aware farmers about importance of soil testing.

To aware and motivate farmers for adoption of soil and water conservation practices.

Popularize in site moisture conservation practices for dryland agriculture.

To guide farmers for balanced use of fertilizer as per soil testing report.

5. Food science and Technology:-

To give knowledge about post harvest technology.

To aware farmers about processing of agricultural produce.

To guide farmers for establishment of agrobase industries.

6. Agricultural Extension:-

To change the attitude of farmers towards improved agricultural technologies.

Increase participation of woman in decision making by involving in various extension

programmes.

To create awareness about mass media among the farmers.

Use different extension teaching methods (viz. trainings, melawas, group discussion, farm

and home visit, demonstrations, field days) for transfer of agricultural technologies.

10. PRA photos: