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Participation in Planning and Land Use Chapter 6 Presentation Tina Nabatchi & Matt Leighninger

Participation in Planning and Land Use Chapter 6 Presentation Tina Nabatchi & Matt Leighninger

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Participation in Planning

and Land Use

Chapter 6 Presentation

Tina Nabatchi & Matt Leighninger

Participation in Planning and Land Use

Issues relating to planning, land use, and the “built environment” are hot topics for participation: People care about where they live and want to

influence decisions and plans that impact their communities

Buying a home and protecting property values is a motivator for involvement in public life

Land use decisions often have highly visible impacts

Community attachment impacts community health and success

Technology is impacting the demand and capacity for participation

Numerous institutions and groups deal with land use, but often fail to host effective participation opportunities

The Development of Participation in Planning and Land

Use Participation in planning and land use has been

more contentious than in other areas, and has centered on four main areas: Major Zoning Decisions

Community and Neighborhood Visioning

Community Development Planning

Reporting Problems and Prioritizing Improvements

Different aspects of an adult-adult relationship are critical in each of these issue areas

The Development of Participation in Planning and Land

Use Major Zoning Decisions

In the “urban renewal” era, residents had little say in zoning decisions and there were devastating impacts on low-income communities

Since then, arguments for resident control over zoning and the built have become more forceful and extensive, and led to a variety of participation opportunities

Community and Neighborhood Visioning People’s desire to envision and build the community

they want has driven participation

These efforts usually involve thick participation

The Development of Participation in Planning and Land

Use Community Development Planning

Planning for the development (or redevelopment) of “distressed,” “underserved,” and “at risk” communities is an important area of participation

These efforts involve decisions pertaining to funding allocations, safety, resident attachment, and economic growth

Reporting Problems and Prioritizing Improvements Technology has aided people’s ability to raise concerns,

gather data, and suggest improvements to their physical surroundings

New online platforms for assistance have emergedSee Box 6.1 for examples of online assistance platforms

Aspects of an Adult-Adult Relationship in Participation in Planning & Land Use Issues

Common Planning & Land Use Issues

Characteristics of an Adult-Adult Relationship

Provide Info

Give Chance to

Tell Stories

Provide Choices

Sense of Political Legitima

cy

Support People to

Take Action

Major Zoning Decisions X X X

Community / Neighborhood Visioning

X X X X X

Community Development Planning

X X X X X

Reporting Problems & Prioritizing Improvements

X X

Official Settings for Participation in Planning and Land Use

Community Level

• Planning, Zoning, or Land Use Commissions

• Development Authorities

Neighborhood Level

• Neighborhood Associations• Homeowner Associations• Neighborhood Councils• Neighborhood Online Networks

Official Settings for Participation in Planning and Land Use

Numerous official settings for participation in land use and planning already exist

Within these officials settings are numerous participation leaders: government planners, commissioners, public officials, developers, residents

In the vast majority of settings, opportunities for participation are conventional and often contentious

We need to strengthen the infrastructure for participation in planning and land use

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Leaders and Networks

Numerous networks are common to planning and land use

The most active networks are “official;” more should be done to involve other kinds of networksSee Box 6.2 a set of

questions readers can use to assess the state of participation in their

community

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

6 Building Blocks

Many of the settings and tools within each block already exist to some extent, but need to be strengthened

Others may need to be built over time

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

There are many ways to disseminate information, but communication lags are still common

This is because people and platforms are disconnected and messages are poorly transmitted

See Box 6.3 for a case study on “Detroit 24/7”

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

There is potential for a “civic upsell” strategy to connect information dissemination and input gathering

The possibilities for online participation are proliferating

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

There are more ways of belonging to community and more potential communities to join than ever before

Connections to those closest to us will always be critical

See Box 6.4 for a case study on

“Create Buckhannon” in

West Virginia

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

This is where top-down governmental efforts meet bottom-up grassroots organizing and mobilization

This area can be rife with both conflict and innovation

See Box 6.5 for information on Revitalizing a

Neighborhood Group

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

This is the category where citizens move from the most immediate, visible problems they face to broader questions about what kind of place they want to live in

Realizing the potential of participation in this category requires that it be built into the regular functioning of government

See Box 6.6 for information on

Revamping the Public Meeting

Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation

Public work can have positive impacts on neighborhoods, communities, and residents

Coordinate these efforts is often done by neighborhood and homeowner associations

Tracking and quantifying such efforts can help neighborhood leaders connect and negotiate with public officials

Strengthening the Infrastructure: Systemic Supports

Systemic supports are needed to enable people to take on new roles, connect the different building blocks to one another, and institutionalize participation

Training and Skill Development

Professional Incentives for Planners and other Participation Leaders

Policies and Procedures

Funding and Budgeting