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HAPTER 3
SHORT FUN TIONAL TEXT
(Aryati Prasetyarini, S.Pd., M.Pd.)
3.1. Introduction
Short functional texts (referred to henceforth as SFT) are types of infor ational texts to help the
infor ation recei!ers or readers "rasp the infor ation #uic$ly. Since SFTs are intended to a$e
the readers understand the texts #uic$ly, they are usually characteri%ed &y'
The use of clear, si ple, and concise sentences.
Pictures or sy &ols
The use of particular ords or letters.
SFTs can &e in the for of notice, announce ent, prohi&ition, in!itation, e o, ad!ertise ent,
etc.
3.*. Types of Short Functional Texts
3.*.1. Announce ent
An announce ent is a state ent addressed to pu&lic to pro!ide infor ation that so ethin" has
happened or is "oin" to happen. This type of SFT is co only found in the pu&lic place or
edia, respecti!ely, such as at school (on an announce ent &oard), a ne spaper, a"a%ine, a
indo of a shop, a city par$, etc.
Announce ent co only has the follo in" features.
a. The sentences are ritten concisely.
&. The infor ation is ritten co pletely and clearly, so that the readers can understand it
#uic$ly and easily.
c. It contains type of e!ent, date and ti e, place, and contact person or address.
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The follo in" is the exa ple of an announce ent'
Source' http'++nurinuryani. ordpress.co +functional texts+shortfunctionaltext+announce ent+
c.*.*. Ad!ertise ent
The ord ad!ertise ent- is deri!ed fro ad!ertise- ori"inated fro atin ad!ertere-, hich
eans /infor in" so e&ody a&out so ethin"0 or /dra in" attention to so ethin"0. The
essential point is that it functions to infor and dra attention, and it can &e stated that an
ad!ertise ent is infor ation hich functions to persuade people. Thus, a d!ertise ent can &e
defined as typical infor ation used to persuade audience (readers or listeners) to do so ethin" or
to ta$e so e action. This type of SFT usually contains the na e of a product or ser!ice and the
explanation of ho the product or ser!ice &enefits the audience.
an"ua"e use is !ery crucial in e!ery ad!ertise ent since it "reatly helps custo ers to identify
products and re e &er the effortlessly. Althou"h it is co only ar"ued that !isual contents
and desi"n play !ery po erful roles in ad!ertise ents, the use of lan"ua"e cannot &e ne"lected.
The follo in" lan"ua"e features are co only intended to raise the audience or custo er-s
interest (spdc.shnu.edu.cn+...+chenxiaoxuan.doc) :
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a. The use of simple and informal words
The exa ples can &e found in the ad!ertise ent of a icro a!e o!en and an auto o&ile
respecti!ely.
/I couldn-t &elie!e it, until I tried it I- i pressed I- really i pressed 2ou-!e gotta
try it I lo!e it 0
Buy one, get ore
b. Misspelling and Coinages
e $no eggsactly 4o to sell e""s, 5i!e a Timex to all, and to all a "ood ti e (ti e and
excellent)
c. Frequent use of particular verbs
The ost co on !er&s used in product ad!ertise ent are try, as$, "et, ta$e, let, send for,
use, call, a$e, co e on, hurry, see, "i!e, co e, re e &er, disco!er, ser!e, introduce,
choose, and loo$ for.
d. The use of positive adjectives
For ad!ertise ents, ords ith stron" e oti!e po er are prefera&le since they
co unicate products po erfully. Ad6ecti!es ith positi!e connotation are co only
selected to influence custo er-s &eha!ior. The ost co on ad6ecti!es found in so e
products are ne , crisp, "ood+&etter+&est, fine, free, &i", fresh, "reat, delicious, real, full,
sure, easy ,&ri"ht, clean, extra, safe, special, rich, stron", stylist, etc.
For exa ple, whats on the Best-Seller list in IBM personal Computer Software?
(Ad!ertisin" for I7M),
8ent. Fresh Calm Mil! " 8ent infor s the taste you-ll feel "ood a&out the Mild
International ci"arette)
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e. Frequent use of compounds ( Chocolate-fla#ore! cereal, fresh-tasting il$, / top-$uality
&ul&s)
f. More simple sentences fewer comple! sentences such as It comes with a conscience
(4onda cars)9 Stouffers presents %&!ays to get your life' on the right course (food)
". More interrogative sentences and imperative sentences ( (hats so special a)out *urpar+
,anish )utter? a#e a little fruit after !inner )
c.*.3. Me o
Me o, co only sent to collea"ues and co or$ers, is deri!ed fro the ord e orandu
fro the Middle :n"lish ord ; e orandus; eanin" ;to &e re e &ered;. They differ fro
letters as they are ore infor al and do not re#uire a salutation or a closure state ent as infor al letter. ( http'++ .sa ples help.or".u$+sa ple e o.ht ). This type of text is used to
con!ey so e &asic infor ation, particularly to persuade action, to issue a directi!e, or to pro!ide
a report.
) su""ests the follo in" "eneral "uidelines to rite a e o.
a. The purpose of the e o is clearly stated in the su&6ect line and in the first para"raph.
&. The lan"ua"e should &e professional, si ple and polite.
c. Sentences are ritten shortly.
d. ?sin" &ullets if a lot of infor ation is con!eyed.
e. Proofreadin" &efore sendin".
f. The e o is addressed to the person(s) ho ill ta$e action on the su&6ect, and @@ those
ho need to $no a&out the action.
". Additional infor ation is attached rather than placed in the &ody of the e o.
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Me os are co only ritten in follo in" for at'
T ' the na e of the recei!er
@@' people that the sender is copyin" the e o toFB M' the na e of the sender CAT:' the date hen the sender rites the e oS?7D:@T' the su&6ect headin"
T4: M:SSA5: (infor ation "i!en to the recei!er)
SI5
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An in!itation is a type of letter hich is ritten to in!ite a "uest to a particular e!ent or
cele&ration. The present and the future tenses are used ithin the in!itation letter. The for er
con!eys infor ation a&out the e!ent and the latter ensures that the "uest is "oin" to attend.
In!itation is cate"ori%ed differently. So e cate"ori%e it into a for al and infor al in!itation
hile others cate"ori%e it into a &usiness and friendly in!itation. The purposes of ritin" the
in!itation deter ine the types of the letters. For exa ple, an in!itation letter in!itin" peers or
clients to an e!ent hosted &y the co pany or in!itin" persons for an i portant eetin" is a
for al letter. Those letters are cate"ori%ed as &usiness in!itation letters and are ritten in a
for al tone. In!itation letters sent to friends and fa ily e &ers can &e less for al. This type of
letter is sent for a social function such as such as &irthday, arria"e, &a&y sho er cere onies,
etc.
a. Friendl" #nvitation $etter
A friendly in!itation letter usually follo s the follo in" for at
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friends and fa ily to "ather at y ho e on **nd April and sho er ishes on e. n this special
occasion, I cordially in!ite you and your fa ily to &e present ith e. 2our presence ill &e
ost ea"erly a aited. oo$in" for ard to see you on that day. The details of !enue are "i!en
&elo .
2ours lo!in"ly,
7enne Cic$son
(In!itation etter Sa ple. http'++ .&u%%le.co +articles+in!itation letter sa ple.ht l )
b. %usiness #nvitation $etter
A for al in!itation letter follo s the follo in" for at.
Senders address ( ithout na e)Phone nu &er and e ailur ref+2our ref
Cate
Becipient-s na e
Becipient-s address
penin" salutation
Main infor ation
@o pli entary close (usually I+ e loo$ for ard to hearin" fro you)
Si"nature (&y hand)Sender-s na e (typed out)Senders position in the co pany
4ere is the exa ple ta$en fro http'++ .en"lishindo.co +*=11+1*+$u pulan contoh
undan"an &ahasa in""ris.ht l.
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210
November 29, 2008
Mr. & Mrs. Resty NavarroGabon, Abu ay, !ataan
"ear Mr. & Mrs. Navarro#
$e are % ease' to (n)orm you t*at !A+AAN -R -/ M-M R A -G- (se ebrat(n *er 30t* ear oun'at(on Ann(versary on "e ember 7 11, 2008.
or t*e stea')ast on)('en e an' un aver(n oya ty you an' your )am( y *ave re%ose'to !A+AAN -R -/ M-M R A -G- by entrust(n to *er t*e e'u at(on o) ateast t*ree 3 o) your *( 'ren an' *o are no su ess)u %ra t(t(oners (n t*e(rres%e t(ve )(e 's, t*e o e e a'm(n(strat(on 'eems (t %ro%er an' )(tt(n to a ar' you (t*a a:ue o) Re o n(t(on.
n t*(s re ar', may e or'(a y (nv(te you to et*er (t* your %ro)ess(ona a umn( *( 'ren
to re e(ve your a ar' (n a %ro ram )or t*e a umn( an' %arents on "e ember 7, 2008 at3#00 %m at ;oyous Resort an' Restaurant< ease %resent t*(s etter to t*e Re (strat(on))( (a s *en you ome to ;oyous Resort an' Restaurant on "e ember 7, 2008 at 3#00%m .
$e *o%e to 'eserve your atten'an e. ! M s*a be 'ee% y *onore' (t* your%resen e (n t*(s on e (n a ()et(me a))a(r.
=ery tru y yours,
WILFREDO C. AGUILA
o e e A'm(n(strator
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A for al in!itation letter can &e ritten in a si pler for at as follo s'
Mr. Dohn 7artle&y
Cirector 5eneral of AE7 @o puters Inc.andMr. DHn Po$orn
5eneral Mana"er of AE7 @o puters Slo!a$iare#uest the presence of Mr. and Mrs. 8o!Hc
at the reception on the occasion of the openin" of ne AE7 @o puters pre ises in 7ratisla!a at
J p. . on Thursday > Duly *==1 at 4oliday 4otel.
B.S.G.P AE7 @o puters Slo!a$ia, > .e ).stuba.s?>@ate'ry>@;A >-4 > $$$>Resour es> etter.%').
&' ) or &.'. .). is adopted from French ord rspondez s-il vous plait hich eans please
ans er. The recei!er of the in!itation ust tell the host hether they plan to attend the e!ent or
not.
c.*.K. a&el
a&el or co only called product la&el is a ter hich refers to printed infor ation affixed
on a particular article or a container of product. a&els function to co unicate product specificinfor ation to the consu ers and encoura"e a purchase. A food la&el, for exa ple, should
contain na e of the food, net #uantity in etric units, date of expire, list of in"redients, stora"e
instructions, na e and address of anufacturer or pac$a"er, hen the product as
anufactured, and instruction for use. Follo in" is the exa ple of food product la&el. Please,
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o&ser!e the use of short &ut clear infor ation con!eyed &y the anufacturer. (Sentry 4ealth
Monitors, http'++ .lifeclinic.co +focus+nutrition+food la&el.asp)
The infor ation that purchasers or consu ers can find is as follo s.
a. The ser!in" is per cup hich eans that one cup e#uals one ser!in", and the pac$a"e
contains t o ser!in"s.
&. The second part of the la&el pro!ides the calories per ser!in" and the calories are fro fat
c. The other infor ation is the na es and #uantities of nutrient per ser!in". @onsu ers ay
need to $no this infor ation, especially for those ho ha!e hi"h &lood pressure,
dia&etes or are ha!in" a diet for certain nutrients.
d. The la&el also lists !ita ins and inerals in the product.
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e. The asteris$ si"n (N) at the &otto of the la&el infor s the consu ers the $ey nutrients
listed and ho uch they should ta$e dependin" on their calorie inta$e.
c.*.J. Postcards
Postcard or postal card can be defined as a s all, usually ha!in" a picture on one side and space
for a short essa"e on the other for sendin" a essa"e &y post ithout an en!elope. It
ser!es so e purposes, na ely to con"ratulate, $eep in touch, infor , express feelin",
etc. People send postcards hen they are on !acation, arri!in" at a ne place, recei!in"a ne post, etc. Since the space to rite on the post card is li ited, people tend to rite
the infor ation as si ple as possi&le. Follo in" is ten expressions often used in post
card (International 4ouse 7ristol http'++ .ih&ristol.co +useful en"lish
expressions+exa ple+phrases for postcards+J)
1) e;re ha!in" a lo!ely + "reat ti e.
*) e;re thin$in" of you.
3) The eather;s &een lo!ely + "or"eous.
) It;s our third day in (Ma6orca).
K) e;re flyin" &ac$ on the (Kth).
J) e;!e only "ot three days to "o.
O) I;!e cau"ht the sun a &it.
L) Con;t thin$ uch of the food.
>) Say hello to (the $ids).
1=) ish you ere here
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Osterland, August 20, 2012Dear Ary,
We are now safe home after the very, very long flight from Indonesia. My heart is filled
with warmth from our meeting. Than you for everything you showed and gave to usduring our stay in !olo. "verything was well arranged and I learn a lot a#out your s$hoolsand a$tivities. Than you very mu$h%
&est regards,
&odil and 'arin
c.*.O.
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*arning
This type of text ainly functions to arn people to &e careful in doin" so ethin". I"norin" the
notice can cause in6ury or accidence. .
The three notices arn people to
a. dri!e slo ly &ecause children are playin" in the area.
&. al$ carefully &ecause the floor is et.
c. dri!e slo ly
#nformation
So e notices con!ey so e infor ation hich ay &e useful for people. Follo in" are the
exa ples.
a. For 'taff +nl" eans that only the staffs of the office are allo ed to enter the roo .
&. &est ,rea i plies that people are allo ed to ta$e a rest in the area.
c. %i-e &oute infor s people the route for &i$ers.
)rohibitio n
Prohi&ition notifies people not to do so ethin".
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:xa ple'
The notices a&o!e con!ey the follo in" infor ation.
a. The first notice eans don-t s o$e, hich eans people ust not s o$e in the place.
&. The second notice i plies that people ridin" &icycles and otorcycles are not allo ed to
pass in the area.
c. People are not allo ed to ta$e picture in that area.
c.3. Su ary
a. Short functional text is a type of text of hich pri ary function is to con!ey particular
infor ation to readers+hearers.
&. This type of text is characteri%ed &y the use of si ple, concise sentences, particular
ords, expressions, and sy &ols to a$e the infor ation easily understood or
re e &ered &y the readers+hearers.
c. This chapter only co!ers so e types of short functional texts, such as announce ent,
ad!ertise ent (includin" &rochure and poster), e o, in!itation, post card, and notice.
c. . 4o to Teach Short Functional Text
There are strate"ies to teach short functional texts. hat follo s are so e of the
1. Teaching how to write an invitation letter
In "eneral, the ethod applied in this teachin" is In#uiry 7ased earnin" here the
procedures can &e di!ided into three sections' exploration, ela&oration, and confir ation.
a. !ploration
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1. As$ students to discuss a eddin" party in!itation to find out the infor ation a&out
the date, and the place, na es of the "roo and &ride, and other additional
infor ation.
*. Cistri&ute copies of an in!itation letter to the students and as$ the to identify the phrases or sentences used in the text.
3. Teach the !oca&ulary ite s hich ill &e used in the lesson.
b. laboration
1. As$ the students to or$ in "roups (e.". "roup A and 7) and tell the hat they ha!e
to do in the acti!ity.
*. Cistri&ute texts ith a "ap fillin" exercise to students in "roup A and 7. The text
"i!en to the students in "roup A is different fro that "i!en to the students in "roup
7. The students in "roup A can fill in the "ap &y as$in" for infor ation fro those in
"roup 7, and !ice !ersa.
3. As$ the students to start the acti!ity. &ser!e the class to "i!e so e help if needed.
. As the students finish their tas$, as$ so e pairs to practice in front of the class.
K. Ciscuss the results of the presentation to the class.
J. As$ the students to rite a si ple in!itation letter indi!idually.
O. Students exchan"e the or$ sheet ith their friends. As$ the to chec$ their
partner-s or$.
c. Confirmation
1. 5i!e feed&ac$ to the students
*. As$ the students if they ha!e #uestions.
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3. Su ari%e the lesson.
( esson is adapted fro http'++ .letter sa ples.co +in!itation letter.ht l)
Te!t ,
Cear Mr. Moriarity'
n &ehalf of the 7oard of Cirectors, I ould li$e to extend a for al in!itation9 e ould li$e you to &e at the upco in" *==> 3 approxi ately *,=== dele"ates and.. spea$ers. This includes a lar"e contin"ent fro our ne :uropean chapter, hich is &ased in 5ene!a.
e ould &e pleased and honored if you ould &e our closin" spea$er at the *==> 3 approxi ately dele"ates
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and 1K= spea$ers. This includes a lar"e contin"ent fro our ne :uropean chapter, hich is &ased in 5ene!a.
e ould &e pleased and honored if you ould &e our closin" spea$er at the *==>
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3. :ach student in "roup 7 ho catches a paper &all opens it and ill find the
infor ation ritten on it. Then each student rites a post card &ased on the
infor ation "i!en.
. The students ho thro the &alls help those ho are ritin" post cards.
K. As$ so e pairs to read the post cards.
J. In!ite the rest of the class to as$ #uestions or "i!e co ent on the result.
c. Confirmation
1. 5i!e feed&ac$ to the students
*. As$ the to a$e reflection on hat they learnt that day
3. Assi"n the to a$e a post card indi!idually.
c.K. :xerciseA. M? TIP : @4 I@:
Choose the correct answer.
1. A notice 8::P FF T4: 5BASS eans .
a. People are allo ed to cut the "rass.
&. People are allo ed pic$ up the "rass.
c. People ust al$ on the "rass.
d. People ust not al$ on the "rass.
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*. Bead the follo in" la&el. hat infor ation does the la&el containQ
a. The ser!in" si%es.
&. The dosa"e and ho people should ta$e.
c. The su&stance in the edicine.
d. hen to stop usin" it and the side effect.
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3. 7ased on the la&el, hat should people do if they are &reastfeedin" or pre"nantQ
a. They should not ta$e the edicine
&. They should consult the doctor.
c. They can contact poison control centre
d. They should &e careful.
. Bead the follo in" notice carefully
C,0T#+1222
olcanic fumes are ha3ardous to "our health and can be life4threatening.
isitors with breathing and heart problems pregnant women and "oung children shouldavoid this area.
hat is the arnin" a&outQ
a. The !olcanoes and their effects.
&. The dan"er of !olcanic fu es.
c. The o en and their children-s health.
d. The pre"nant !isitors of the ountain.
K. For .. only.
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&. 5ents, litterin", tidy
c. ady, clean, li it.
d. 5o ahead, clean, tidy
%. '',5 T 'T
*. &ser!e the follo in" ad!ertise ent. Identify the lan"ua"e features. hat do they i plyQ
3. Arran"e the follo in" e o in the correct order.
I attach the doctor-s note
Messa"e'
Than$ you
Please confir that the cost of the edicine is co!ered &y the co pany health sche e.
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I as sic$ yesterday and therefore I couldn-t co e to or$.
To' Dulia on", 4u an Besources
Cate' 3= Cece &er *=1*
Su&6ect' Sic$ lea!e certificate
In order to recei!e sic$ pay, I need to send y doctor-s note.
Fro ' 8. 8. on", Sales
('ource6 http677www8.elc.pol"u.edu.h-7cill7eiw7memos.htm 9
. rite an in!itation letter a&out an e ployee ho is in!itin" his superior to co e and ta$e part
in the cere ony for inau"uration of his ne apart ent. The letter tells the in!itee that
tra!elin" &ac$ and forth cannot &e a reason for not co in" as he has arran"ed pic$ ups for all
the "uests. ( http'++ .letters.or"+in!itation letter+official in!itation letter.ht l
K. Match the expressions in &old face (left) ith their use (ri"ht)'
an"ua"e Meanin" and use
1. You are invited to attend a reception a. 4o to respond to the in!itation.*. A reception to mark the arri!al of our near$etin" ana"er.
&. :xpresses hope that the person you arein!itin" ill co e.
3. The reception will take place in the teachers-roo at 1p on Friday.
c. 5i!es further infor ation a&out the e!ent(note use of passi!e).
. Crin$s will be served . d. In!itation.
K. If you are able to attend, please respond tothis e ail.
e. 5i!es details of the !enue and ti e (note prepositions).
J. I look forward to seeing you on Friday. f.
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J. &ser!e the text &elo . hat type of text is itQ hat does the text infor the readersQ
We welcome with love
:aren and Tom8aren Alfredson To y Alfredson
May 11, *=1* May 11, *=1*1='*= a. . 1='*1 a. .*1 inches *1 inches
Proud Parents
8ate and Bo&ert
: 5 ,1'* &
C/ C: )+#1T
;. . #nvitation letter
Mr. 8ausi$ 5os a i
Senior Mar$etin" Mana"er
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Si plex Technolo"ies td
8ol$ata Ci!ision
8ol$ata
1=th cto&er *=1=
Su&6ect' In!itation for a house ar in" party, on *= cto&er *=1=
Cear Sir,
This is to in!ite you to y house ar in" party at y ne apart ent on ednesday, *= th ofcto&er *=1=. In the ornin" at around L AM, a ho e &lessin" ritual ill start hich isexpected to &e o!er &y noon.
Thereafter arran"e ents for lunch ha!e &een ade in the pre ises of the apart ent itself. It
ill &e an honor if you could a$e out so e ti e fro your &usy schedule to "race theoccasion.
e ea"erly loo$ for ard to your presence on the occasion. e ha!e ade arran"e ent for pic$ up and drop off ser!ice for you and rest of the "uests and hope there ill &e no trou&lein findin" the address. e sincerely hope you ill find ti e to "race the occasion.
Than$s and re"ards,
Ramanand. S
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Ba anand Sa"ar
=. The e!pressions used in invitation letter.
1. d
*. "
3. e
. c
K. a
J. &
O. f
?. This is an exa ple of an announce ent. It announces the &irth of 8ate and Bo&ert-s t in
&a&ies.
&eferences
,CTC (,ssociation for Core Te!ts and Courses9 .http'++ .coretexts.or"+conferences+annual conference+ . Accessed on Cece &er 3=, *=1*.
Characteristics of anguage in !dvertising sp!c shnu e!u cn. .chenxiaoxuan !oc
#nternational /ouse %ristol http'++ .ih&ristol.co +useful en"lishexpressions+exa ple+phrases for postcards+J . Accessed on Cece &er 3=, *=1*.
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