Part One Introduction to Computer 2010[1]

8/9/2019 Part One Introduction to Computer 2010[1]

1/37

Mugerwa Richard1

By

E-mail: [email protected]


2/37

Mugerwa Richard2

Part OnePart One

Introduction toIntroduction toComputerComputer

ororComputer LiteracyComputer Literacy


3/37


4/37

Mugerwa Richard !

Lecture "#$ecti%e

To enable students:'nderstand what a Computer is and its

useDifferentiate and descrie the main

components of the Computer

*xp+ain the asic operations of acomputer

*xp+ain the Information ,rocessing

Cyc+e


5/37

Mugerwa Richard &

Lecture "utcome

-y the end of the Lecture the studentwi++ e a+e to%

.now what a Computer is and how to useditexp+ain the main components of the

Computerte++ the asic operations of a computerexp+ain the Information ,rocessing Cyc+edescrie the Operating System

exp+ain what computer +iteracy is and why


6/37

Mugerwa Richard '

(hat i) a *om+uter,

/ computer is an e+ectronic too+ox for wor.ingwith information

/n e+ectronic de#ice 0too+ox1that can input data

process it output and store information/ system/ co++ection of re+ated components that ha#e a++

een designed to wor. together smooth+y to

produce information'sed for wor.ing with Information


7/37


8/37


9/37

Mugerwa Richard

(hat i) a *om+uter,

cot

-asic Operations of a Computer (I,OS)Inputting Data,rocessing Data

Outputting DataStoring Data

Information ,rocessing Cyc+eData (I3,'4 5 ,"OC*SS*D)

Information (O'4,'4 5 S4O"*)Data6information ("*7'S*D)


10/37

Mugerwa Richard 10

(hat i) a *om+uter,

cot

Information ,rocessing Cyc+e(diagram)

O

C

E

S

SIN

G

N

U

T

U

T

U

T

STORAGE


11/37

Mugerwa Richard 11

(hat i) a *om+uter,

cot

Why other to use the computer? 8 orCharacteristicsWor. faster"e7'se Documents and information9aster and more accurate ca+cu+ations9aster communication

,roduce more copiesStore Information

FASTER &EFFICIENT


12/37

Mugerwa Richard 12

Characteristics that ma.e a computer powerfu+

Speed / computer can do i++ions of actions per second

Reliability8 9ai+ures are usua++y due to human error one way oranother(:I:O)

Storage / computer can .eep huge amounts of data

(hat i) a *om+uter,

cot


13/37

Mugerwa Richard 13

(hat i) a *om+uter,

cotTypes of computer 8 4he wor+d;s firstgeneral purpose electronic digita+computer the *+ectronic 3umerica+

Integrator and Computer (*3I/C) wasde#e+oped in It measured


14/37


15/37

Mugerwa Richard

1&

(hat i) a *om+uter,

cot

Oter types of computer Palmtop7 sma++ computer that +itera++y fits in your pa+m

/+so Persona+ &igita+ 'ssistant

(or"station7 simi+ar to des.top computers ut aremore powerfu+ and are usua++y connected to a networ. Ser)er7 specia+ied computers that store and de+i#er or

Eser#e upF information to other computers on a networ.Mainframe % powerfu+ computers used main+y y +arge

organiations G


16/37


17/37


18/37

Mugerwa Richard

1/

Exercise 1

Switch on the computerLogin into the computerLogoutShutdown the computer

ower )witch#utto


19/37

Mugerwa Richard

1

*om+oet) o a *om+uter*om+oet) o a *om+uter

What are the components of aWhat are the components of acomputer?computer?


20/37

Mugerwa Richard

20

*om+oet) o a

*om+uter

T+o main components:,ard+are 4he physica+ parts of

the computer system4he tangi+e and mo#ea+e parts ofthe computer system

Soft+are 4he intangi+e parts ofthe computer system


21/37


22/37

Mugerwa Richard

22

*om+oet) o a *om+uter

cot

,ard+are componentis c+assified according to themain functions of a computer

#nputting &e)ices

eyoard!ouse!icrophoneScanner

CamerasG


23/37

Mugerwa Richard

23


cot

Processing &e)icesCentral Processing Unit .CPU/8

the ErainF of the computerIt interprets instructions to thecomputer (contro+ unit) and performsthe arithmetic and +ogica+ processing(/L')


24/37

Mugerwa Richard

2!


cot

,rocessing De#ices%Memory Random 'ccessMemory .R'M/ Instructions waiting to e executed

Data needed y those instructions"esu+ts of processed data

/ny information stored in "/! is +ost when thecomputer is turned off

It is #o+ati+eTemporary 0 Primary storage


25/37

Mugerwa Richard

2&


cot

Memory We measure the sie of memory y te++ing how manyytes it can ho+d

Data in memory is stored as inary digits (-I4S) egA


26/37

Mugerwa Richard

2'


cot

Storage &e)ices8 /uxi+iary 6secondary storage de#ices are used

for permanent storage of datahard dis.scompact discs 8 CD MCD and DMD dri#es

f+ash cardsf+oppy dis.s


27/37

Mugerwa Richard

2


cot

Output de)ices8 ma.e the informationresu+ting from the processing a#ai+a+e

for useprinter7 produces a hard copyScreen or monitor7 produces a soft copyspea"ersG


28/37

Mugerwa Richard

2/


cot

Output de#ices 8 screen or monitorwor.swith a #ideo card inside case

4here are t+omain types%4he cathode ray tue (C"4) 8 ig +i.e a tue

te+e#ision ta.e ig space and cheap/nd +iNuid crysta+ disp+ay (LCD) 8 thin and sa#es

energy ut costs more O#er the years you can

expect to see fewer C"4 monitors as LCD monitorsecome the standard


29/37

Mugerwa Richard

2


cot

Printer(output)

Monitor(output)

Speaker(output)

Scanner(input)

Mouse(input)

Keyboard(input)

Storage devices

(CD-RW, Foppy,!ard disk, "ip,)

Ca#era

(input)

Speaker(output)

$ipDrive

(storage)

Syste# unit

(processor,#e#ory)


30/37

Mugerwa Richard

30


cot

Soft+are /computer programorset of instructions thatte++s the

hardware exact+y what to do/ computer program is a set of

instructions to the computer

Software is a program that ena+es acomputer to perform a specific tas.s


31/37

Mugerwa Richard

31


cot

Computer software is the .ey toproducti#e use of computers

Software can e categoried into twotypes%System software

/pp+ication software,rogramming +anguage


32/37

Mugerwa Richard

32


cot

System soft+are8 computer software designed tooperate the computer hardware and to pro#ide andmaintain a p+atform for running app+ication software

-asic Input6Output System (-IOS) 8 It starts and +oadsthe OSOperating systems (OS)'ti+ity softwareDe#ice dri#ers

/nti #irus


33/37

Mugerwa Richard

33


cot

'pplication Soft+areconsists of programs thatte++ a computer how to produce information

It is a computer software designed to he+p theuser to perform singu+ar or mu+tip+e re+atedspecific tas.s

Some of the more common+y used pac.ages are%(ord processing Electronic spreadseet &atabase Po+er Point Presentation(eb bro+sers #mage editors 1


34/37


35/37

Mugerwa Richard

3&

troductio to "+eratigtroductio to "+eratig

4y)tem) 5"464y)tem) 5"46What is Operating Systems (OS)?What is Operating Systems (OS)?


36/37

Mugerwa Richard

3'

troductio to "+eratig

4y)tem) 5"46 cot

/n OS is a computer program that%Contro+s the hardware of the computer

*na+es the user to communicate withthe computer

4he most common operating systems%

DOS !icrosoft Windows /pp+e!acintosh '3IP Linux


37/37