Part L of Building Regulations 2017-Buildings other than

Dwellings

Seán Armstrong,

Housing/Building Standards Section,

DHPCLG

Outline

• Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and NZEB

– Dwellings

– Buildings other than Dwellings

• Next Steps

• Member states to ensure that all new buildings are “Nearly Zero Energy Buildings” by 31st Dec 2020

• Member states to ensure that all new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities are `Nearly Zero Energy Buildings’ after 31st Dec 2018

• Major Renovations to be at Cost Optimal Level in Building Codes .

Recommendations on NZEB issued by Commission in July 2016

• Member states should take account of “the period of validity of building permits, the length of construction and completion of building works” to avoid falling short of the NZEB target dates in the EPBD.

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and NZEB

EPBD Definition- Nearly Zero Energy Building

‘nearly zero-energy building’ means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby;

RTE PV Array

Implementation of NZEB-Dwellings

• SI 4 of 2017 has amended Building Regulations to include the definition of NZEB on 17th Jan 2017

• TGD L 2011-Dwellings has been amended to include numerical indicators for NZEB Dwellings on the 22nd Feb 2017. The numerical indicators provide MPEPC of 0.30 and MPCPC of 0.35 for dwellings completed after 31st Dec 2020.

• It is planned to complete full review of Part L for NZEB Dwellings and Major Renovations in 2018 to apply from 2019

Part L Development Dwellings

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1991 2005 2007 2011 2018

kW

h/m

2/y

r 40%ImprovementBER=B1

60%ImprovementBER=A3

70%ImprovementBER=A2NZEB

BERD1/C3

BERC1

Implementation of EPBD-Buildings other than Dwellings• TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings

is currently under review to provide detailed NZEB guidance and include Major Renovations performance requirement:

– Public Consultation –Start March 24th 2017 –Finish Friday 26th May

– Final Publication-Oct 2017

– Application- planned for early 2019

– NEAP to be revised in parallel

• NZEB Interim Specification for Public buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities issued 23rd Dec 2016 for buildings commencing design in early 2017

• Consultation with Stakeholders:– OPW,DES,HSE,SEAI, Construction Industry

Council (RIAI,SCS,EI,ACEI,CIF),CIBSE,

– Public Sector workshop approx. 200 attendees

Key Components of performance requirement TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings

• Provides an improvement in performance in the order of 60% over 2008 TGD L

• Improved Fabric Specification

• Advanced Services and Lighting specification

• Renewable Energy Ratio of 20% (flexibility of 10%)

.

Proposed Performance requirements for Buildings other than Dwellings Specification- Reference Building-Fabric

Parameter Current reference values-TGD L 2008

Reference values-TGD L Public Consultation

Total Floor Area and Building Volume

Same as actual building Same as actual building

Opening Areas Offices and Shops –windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls

Offices and Shops –windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls

Walls U=0.27 W/m2K U=0.18 W/m2K

Roofs U=0.16 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K

Floor U=0.25 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K

Thermal bridging Add 16% to fabric heat loss Actual Length of Key Junctions xAdvanced psi value

Air Permeability 10m3/(hr.m2) 5m3/(hr.m2) Floor area <250m2

3m3/(hr.m2) Floor area >250m2

Window U ValueSolar energy transmittance

2.2 W/(m2K)0.72

1.4 W/(m2K)0.40

ServicesParameter Current reference values-

TGD L 2008Proposed reference values-TGD L 2017/PublicSector Specification

Heating efficiency (heating and hot water)%

0.73 CoP 91% Gas Boiler

Cooling Seasonal Energy Efficiency Air conditioned buildingRatio (SEER)

SEER=1.67 SEER=4.5

Lighting divide the illuminanceby 100, then multiply by 3.75 W/m2 per 100 lux

65 lm/circuit watt

Occupancy Control Local Manual Switching Automated

Daylight Control Local Manual Switching Automated

Central Ventilation SFP 2 (W/(l/s)) 1.8 (W/(l/s))

Variable speed control of fans

No Yes

Renewable Energy Ratio None 20% using photovoltaics

• Renewables requirement will be included in TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings as Renewable Energy Ratio (RER)-20%

• The following represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies in order to satisfy Regulation L6 (b); -

– · Where the MPEPC of 1.0 and MPCPC of 1.15 is achieved an RER of 0.20 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies

– · Where the MPEPC of 0.9 and MPCPC of 1.04 is achieved an RER of 0.10 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies

• Renewable energy sources include Photovoltaics, Heat Pumps (Air source and ground source), Biomass, Solar Thermal ,Primary Energy Savings from Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Renewable district heating

TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings- Renewable Energy Ratio (RER)

Building typePrimary energy

CO2 emissions

Building Energy Rating

%Improveme

nt Energy

%Improvement C02 emissions

kWh/yr/m² kg/yr/m² Indicator BER % %

Office NV 2F: LMF 62.8 12.6 0.3 A2 65 65

Office AC 2F: LMF 100.1 20.7 0.5 A3 66 67

Office NV 4F: MC 60.1 12.1 0.3 A2 63 64Office AC 4F: MC - 98.6 20.5 0.5 A3 65 66

Office NV 4F: LMF 60.1 12.1 0.3 A2 63 64

Office AC 4F: LMF 98.6 20.5 0.5 A3 65 66

Hotel AC MC 348.1 65.3 0.5 B1 66 67

Retail AC LMF 178.3 38.2 0.4 A3 68 67

Mixed Use LMF 89.3 18.2 0.3 A2 69 60

School Prim. MC 57.6 11.2 0.4 A3 50 51

Proposed Energy and Carbon Dioxide emissions performance for NZEB Office Buildings

Minimum Performance Requirements-New Buildings

• Table 1- Backstop U-Values (W/m2K)-as per Dwellings –Pitched Roofs 0.16, Walls 0.21, Windows 1.6, Flat roofs 0.20

• Par 1.3.5.3 Overheating-Limiting Solar Gain(a) For every space that is defined in NEAP database as being side lit, the reference case is an east-facing façade with full width glazing to a height of 1.0m. having a framing factor of 10 per cent and a normal solar energy transmittance (g-value) of 0.68.

• Par 1.3.6-overheating assessment The designer should specify what the indoor comfort specification and perform an overheating assessment in accordance with CIBSE Guide A Chapter 5 and CIBSE TM 52 to ensure overheating is avoided.

• Tables 2,4,6 Minimimum Efficiencies-Boilers, Specific Fan Powers, Cooling EERs

• Par 1.4.2.4 and Table 3 Boilers over 100kW to have Building Management System controls

• Par 1.4.3.15 and Table 7-AC systems over 200m2 to have Building Management System controls

• Par 1.4.5.5 Lighting-Table 8 lms/cct watt or Table 9 LENI

Backstop U valuesTable 1 Maximum elemental U-value 1,2 (W/m2)

Column 1

Fabric Elements

Column 2

Area – weighted

Average

Column 3 Elemental U-value

Individual element or section

of element

Roofs

Pitched roof

- Insulation at ceiling

- Insulation on slope

Flat roof

0.16

0.16

0.20

0.3

Walls 0.21 0.6

Ground Floors3 0.21 0.6

Other exposed floors 0.21 0.6

External personnel doors,

windows and rooflights4,5,6,

1.6 3.0

Opaque Curtain Walling7 0.21 3.0

Vehicle access and similar large

doors1.5 3.0

Airtightness 5m3/hr/m2

Controls-HeatingTable 3 Recommended minimum controls packages for new boilers and multiple

boiler systems

Boiler Plant output Package Minimum Controls

<100kW A (a) Timing and temperature demand control which should be zone specific where the building floor area is greater than 150m2

(b) Weather compensation except where a constant temperature supply is required

100kW to 500kW B (a) The BMS should include:

(a) Controls package A above.

(b) Optimum start/stop control with either night set-back or frost protection outside occupied periods.

(c) Two stage high/low firing facility in boiler or multiple boilers with sequence control to provide efficient part load performance.

Note: The heat loss from non-firing boiler

modules should be limited by design or

application. For boilers that do not have low

standing losses it may be necessary to install

isolation valves or dampers

> 500kW individual

boilers

C (a) Controls Package A and controls package B

For gas-fired boilers and multi-stage oil-fired

boilers, fully modulating boiler controls

1.4.2.4For buildings with a heat demand of more than 100kW a full building management system should be installed to control the boiler(s). A full BMS linked to the heating plant will provide sequential controls of multiple boilers, full zoned time control and weather compensation where applicable, frost protection or night set-back optimization and monitoring and targeting.

Controls –air conditioning1.4.3.15 A minimum controls package should be provided as in Table 7. Where the floor area to be air conditioned is greater than 200m2 a Building Management System should be installed which provides centralized control for air conditioning systems. In larger or more complex buildings, the guidance contained in CIBSE Guide H: Building Control Systems may also be followed.

Table 7 Recommended minimum controls for air distribution systems from I.S. EN 15232:2012

System type Controls package

Central mechanical

ventilation with heating,

cooling or heat recovery

Air flow control at room level Time control

Air flow control at air handler level On/Off time control

Heat exchanger defrosting control Defrost control so that during cold periods ice does

not form on the heat exchanger

Heat exchanger-overheating control Overheating control so that when the system is

cooling and heat recovery is undesirable, the heat

exchanger is stopped modulated ore bypassed

Supply temperature control Variable setpoint with outdoor temperature

compensation

Central Mechanical

ventilation with heating or

heat recovery

Air flow control at room level Time control

Air flow control at air handler level On/off time control

Heat exchanger defrosting control Defrost control so that during cold periods ice does

not form on the heat exchanger

Heat exchanger overheating control Overheating control so that when the system is

cooling and heat recovery is undesirable, the heat

exchanger is stopped, modulated or bypassed

Supply Temperature Control Demand control

Zonal Air flow control at room level On/off time control

Air flow control at handler level No Control

Supply temperature control No control

Local Air flow control at room level On/off

Air flow control at air handler level No Control

Supply temperature control No Control

Fan Power & Cooling EfficienciesTable 4 Maximum specific fan power in air

distribution systems

System type SFP (W/(l/s)

Central balanced mechanical ventilation

system with heating and cooling

1.6

Central balanced mechanical ventilation

system with heating only

1.5

All other central balanced mechanical

ventilation systems

1.1

Zonal supply system where fan is remote

from zone, such as ceiling void or roof-

mounted units

1.1

Zonal extract system where fan is remote

from zone

0.5

Zonal supply and extract ventilation units,

such as ceiling void or roof units serving

single area with heat recovery

1.9

Local balanced supply and extract

ventilation system such as wall/roof units

serving single area with heat recovery

1.6

Local supply or extract ventilation units

such as window/wall/roof units serving

single area (e.g. toilet extract)

0.3

Other local ventilation supply or extract

units

0.5

Fan assisted terminal VAV unit 1.1

Fan coil unit (rating weighted average1,2) 0.5

Kitchen extract, fan remote from zone

with grease filter

1.0

Table 6 Minimum Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for cooling

Type Cooling unit full load

EER

Packaged Air

Conditioners

Single-Duct type 2.6

Other Types 2.6

Split and multi-split air conditioners >12

kW

2.6

Split and multi-split air conditioners <12

kW

SCOP “D” rating for

median temperature

range in I.S.

EN14825:2013

Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems 2.6

Vapour Compression cycle chillers, water

cooled < 750 kW

3.9

Vapour Compression cycle chillers, water

cooled >750 kW

4.7

Vapour Compression cycle chillers, air

cooled < 750 kW

2.55

Vapour Compression cycle chillers, water

cooled >750 kW

2.65

Water loop heat pump 3.2

Absorption cycle chillers 0.7

Gas engine-driven variable refrigerant

flow

1.0

Lighting1.4.5.5 Lighting in new buildings should meet the minimum recommended standards for:

efficacy (averaged over the whole area of the applicable type of space in the building) and controls in Table 8

OR

maximum Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) (kWh/m2/year) listed in Table 9. LENI is based on BS EN 15193:2007 Energy Performance of Buildings. Energy Requirements for Lighting.. The LENI should be calculated using the procedure in Table 9. The procedure for designing to LENI is provided in Appendix G.

Table 8

General lighting in office industrial

and storage spaces

Initial luminaire

lumens/circuit watt

60

Controls Control

Factor

Reduced luminaire

lumens/circuit-watt

a. daylight space with photo-switching with or without override

0.90 54

a. daylit space withphoto-switching anddimming with orwithout override

0.85 51

a. unoccupied spacewith auto on and off

0.90 54

a. unoccupied spacewith manual on andauto off

0.85 51

space not daylit dimmed

for constant illuminance

0.90 54

a + c 0.80 48

a + d 0.75 45

b + c 0.75 45

b + d 0.70 42

e + c 0.8 48

e + d 0.75 45

General lighting in other types of

space

The average initial

efficacy should be not

less than 60 lamp

lumens/circuit watt

Display lighting The average initial

efficacy should be not

less than 22 lamp

lumens/circuit watt

Table 9 Recommended maximum LENI (kWh per square metre per year) in new buildings

Hours Illuminance (lux) Display lighting

Tota

l

Day Night 50 100 150 200 300 500 750 1000 Normal Shop

window

1000 821 179 1.11 1.92 2.73 3.54 5.17 8.41 12.47 16.52 10.00

1500 1277 223 1.66 2.87 4.07 5.28 7.70 12.53 18.57 24.62 15.00

2000 1726 274 2.21 3.81 5.42 7.03 10.24 16.67 24.70 32.73 20.00

2500 2164 336 2.76 4.76 6.77 8.78 12.79 20.82 30.86 40.89 25.00

3000 2585 415 3.31 5.72 8.13 10.54 15.37 25.01 37.06 49.12 30.00

3700 3133 567 4.09 7.08 10.06 13.04 19.01 30.95 45.87 60.78 37.00

4400 3621 779 4.89 8.46 12.02 15.59 22.73 37.00 54.84 72.68 44.00 96.80

5400 4184 1216 6.05 10.47 14.90 19.33 28.18 45.89 68.03 90.17 54.00

6400 4547 1853 7.24 12.57 17.89 23.22 33.87 55.16 81.79 108.41 64.00

8760 4380 4380 10.26 17.89 25.53 33.16 48.43 78.96 117.12 155.29 87.60 192.72

Commissioning/HandoverPar 1.5.5 Commissioning

The key elements of a commissioning plan, identifying the systems that need to be tested and the tests that will be carried out and should be developed at the design stage. The BSRIA Job Book A project framework for engineering services BG1/2009 provides further useful information on Commissioning of Buildings other than Dwellings.

Airtightness testing

1.5.4.2, air pressure testing should be carried on all development sites, as outlined in paragraphs 1.5.4.3 to 1.5.4.6 to show attainment of backstop value of 5 m3/hr/m2. The tests should be carried out by a person certified by an independent third party to carry out this work, e.g. National Standards Authority of Ireland certified or equivalent. The test report should contain at least the information specified in Section 7 of I.S. EN ISO 9972: 2015.

Ductwork leakage testing1.5.6.1 Ductwork leakage testing should be carried out on Class C and Class D ductwork where required by and in accordance with the procedures set out in B&ES DW/143 and B&ES DW/144 on systems served by fans with a design flow greater than 1m3/s.

Handover

Par 1.6.1 The owner of the building should be provided with sufficient information about the building, the fixed building services and their maintenance requirements so that the building can be operated in such a manner as to use no more fuel and energy than is reasonable in the circumstances.

TGD L-Draft Major Renovation proposal

• Define as “more than 25% of the surface area of the building envelope undergoes renovation”

• Provide menu of measures to bring to cost optimal when more than 25% of surface area being renovated:

– Upgrade inefficient heating systems

– Upgrade inefficient cooling systems

– Upgrade inefficient lighting systems

TGD L Major RenovationsPar 2.3.2 When calculating the proportion of surface area undergoing renovation the area of the whole building external envelope should be taken into account including i.e. external walls, roofs, floors, windows, doors , and roof windows and lights

Works to the surface area of the building include the following:

• Cladding the external surface of the element

• Drylining the internal surface of an element

• Replacing windows

• Stripping down the element to expose the basic structural components (brickwork/blockwork, timberframe steelframe, joists, rafters etc.) and then rebuilding to achieve all the necessary performance requirements. Painting, replastering or rendering are not considered a major renovation for this part of the regulation.

Par 2.3.4 The following improvements are normally considered to be cost optimal and will typically be economically feasible when more than 25% of the surface area of a building is being upgraded

• Upgrading heating systems more than 15 years old and with an efficiency of less than that shown in in table 10

• Upgrading cooling and ventilation systems more than 15 years old and a cooling unit Energy Efficiency Ration less than that in Table 14 and/or Specific Fan Power greater than that in Table 12 and by the provision of new plant and

• Upgrading general lighting systems that have an average lamp efficacy of less than 40 lamp-lumens per circuit-watt and that serves greater than 100m2 to the guidance in section 2.2.7.

TGD L Major Renovations-alternative approach

Table 20 Whole Building Cost Optimal Level

Building Type Major Renovation - Cost Optimal

Performance kWh/m2/yr

Retail

Air Conditioned

338

Office

Natural Ventilated offices and other

Buildings

124

Office

Air Conditioned

180

Hotel

Air Conditioned

342

Schools 60

Other Air Conditioned Buildings 338

Other Naturally Ventilated Buildings 124

Costs• Performance requirements are based on cost optimal

reports published in accordance with EPBD:Table 5.3a of Residential and Non Residential Cost Optimal Report1 provides Initial Investment Costs for the energy related costs for different performance levels for 5 buildings.

• Consultant appointed for TGD L 2017 Buildings other than Dwellings and costs will be available for Public Consultation.

• 1http://www.housing.gov.ie/housing/building-standards/energy-performance-buildings/energy-performance-buildings

Training• NZEB building design ,Ventilation design, Renewables-Heat

pumps, CHP, PV, District Heating, Non Residential Lighting, Onsite skills, Solar gains/overheating, Optimsing fabric

• Working with Dublin Institute of Technology, Qualibuild, NZEBRA

• DIT School of Mechanical & Design Engineering CPD modules which will be available part time in Bolton Street from September 2017

• DIT School of Architecture online MSc modules developed under the H2020 MEnS project available from Sept 2017

Next Steps

• Part L/TGD L 2017-Buildings other than dwellings– Public Consultation of TGD L and Regulatory Impact Assessment

Start 24th Mar. 2017

– Close of TGD L 2017 Public Consultation 26th May

– Publication of TGD L by Q3 2017

– TGD L 2017 planned to apply by start of 2019 (subject to regulatory process)

• Part L Dwellings 2018– Public Consultation early 2018

– Application 2019 (subject to regulatory process)

www.housing.gov.ieemail:buildingstandards@housing.gov.ie

New Build:- Walls 0.13 W/m2K- Windows 0.82W/m2K- Roof 0.11W/m2K- Renewables-Pellet boiler

and 938m2 PV

EU Study CT5 Report Selected Examples of NZEBhttp://www.epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/CT5_Report_Selected_examples_of_NZEBs-final.pdf

Efficiency House Plus with E-mobility in Berlin

Project aim: This pilot building generates its own energy and makes it available to the users and the electric vehicles. Excess energy is fed back into the grid or stored in a battery. An annual positive energy balance is required for primary and final energy use.

Building address: Fasanenstraße 87a, 10623 Berlin

Building type: Residential Non-residential Public New Renovated

X X

Single-family house with 2 floors

Building size: 203 m² useful floor area (AN, with AN=0.32*Vgross), 138 m² living area

Building envelope construction:

The floor, the walls and the roof are made of timber panels filled with up to 52 cm cellulose insulation. The windows have triple glazing. Thermal bridges have been minimised. Photovoltaic modules cover the roof and the façade. All house elements can be separated and moved to another location or be disposed of after the lifetime of the building.

Building envelope U-values:

Wall 0.11 W/m²K

Window 0.70 W/m²K

Roof/ceiling to the attic 0.11 W/m²K

Cellar ceiling/ground slab 0.11 W/m²KBuilding service systems:

The house is heated by a central heating system with an air-to-water heat pump and floor heating. A balanced mechanical ventilation system with 80 % heat recovery and a building energy management system with touch pads are installed. The PV systems on the roof and facades generate electricity that is used by the building, fed into the grid or stored in a battery. The battery, with a capacity of 40 kWh, is made of 7,250 single second-hand battery cells formerly used in electric cars.

Minimum Boiler Efficiency Provisions

Table 2 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services1

Gas, oil and biomass-fired boilers new buildings Seasonal efficiency (gross)2

Natural Gas Single boiler system< 2MW

output

90%

Single boiler system> 2MW

output

86%

Multiple boiler system 82% for any individual boiler

86% for overall multi-boiler

system

LPG Single boiler system< 2MW

output

93%

Single boiler system>2MW

output

87%

Multiple boiler system 82% for any individual boiler

86% for overall multi-boiler

system

Oil Single Boiler System 84%

Multiple Boiler System 82% for any individual boiler

86% for overall multi-boiler

system

Biomass-independent, automatic, pellet/woodchip 75%

Comparison with other Countries